Pub Date : 2025-03-17DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02813-z
Nishat Sultana, Robert W. Rienstra, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Joseph A. Stroscio, Nikolai B. Zhitenev, D. E. Feldman, Fereshte Ghahari
The thermopower of a clean two-dimensional electron system is directly proportional to the entropy per charge carrier and can probe strongly interacting quantum phases such as fractional quantum Hall liquids. In particular, thermopower is a valuable parameter to probe the quasiparticle statistics that give rise to excess entropy in certain even-denominator fractional quantum Hall states. Here we demonstrate that the magneto-thermopower detection of fractional quantum Hall states is more sensitive than resistivity measurements. We do this in the context of Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene and highlight several even-denominator states at a relatively low magnetic field. These capabilities of thermopower measurements support the interest in fractional quantum Hall states for finding quasiparticles with non-Abelian statistics and elevate bilayer graphene as a promising platform for achieving this.
{"title":"Detection of fractional quantum Hall states by entropy-sensitive measurements","authors":"Nishat Sultana, Robert W. Rienstra, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Joseph A. Stroscio, Nikolai B. Zhitenev, D. E. Feldman, Fereshte Ghahari","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-02813-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-02813-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The thermopower of a clean two-dimensional electron system is directly proportional to the entropy per charge carrier and can probe strongly interacting quantum phases such as fractional quantum Hall liquids. In particular, thermopower is a valuable parameter to probe the quasiparticle statistics that give rise to excess entropy in certain even-denominator fractional quantum Hall states. Here we demonstrate that the magneto-thermopower detection of fractional quantum Hall states is more sensitive than resistivity measurements. We do this in the context of Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene and highlight several even-denominator states at a relatively low magnetic field. These capabilities of thermopower measurements support the interest in fractional quantum Hall states for finding quasiparticles with non-Abelian statistics and elevate bilayer graphene as a promising platform for achieving this.</p>","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143635199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02791-2
Benjamin H. Andersen, Francisco M. R. Safara, Valeriia Grudtsyna, Oliver J. Meacock, Simon G. Andersen, William M. Durham, Nuno A. M. Araujo, Amin Doostmohammadi
The emergent dynamics of collective cellular movement are typically thought to depend on how cells interact with one another and the mechanisms used to drive motility, both of which exhibit remarkable diversity across different biological systems. Here we report experimental evidence of a universal feature in the patterns of flow that spontaneously emerge in groups of collectively moving cells. Specifically, we demonstrate that the flows generated by collectively moving dog kidney cells, human breast cancer cells and two different strains of pathogenic bacteria exhibit robust conformal invariance. We also show that the precise form of invariance in all four systems is described by the Schramm–Loewner evolution—a family of planar curves defined by a single parameter—and belongs to the percolation universality class. The presence of universal conformal invariance reveals that the macroscopic features of living biological matter exhibit universal translational, rotational and scale symmetries that are independent of the microscopic properties of its constituents. Our results show that flow patterns generated by different systems are highly conserved and that biological systems can be used to experimentally test predictions from the theories for conformally invariant structures.
{"title":"Evidence of universal conformal invariance in living biological matter","authors":"Benjamin H. Andersen, Francisco M. R. Safara, Valeriia Grudtsyna, Oliver J. Meacock, Simon G. Andersen, William M. Durham, Nuno A. M. Araujo, Amin Doostmohammadi","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-02791-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-02791-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The emergent dynamics of collective cellular movement are typically thought to depend on how cells interact with one another and the mechanisms used to drive motility, both of which exhibit remarkable diversity across different biological systems. Here we report experimental evidence of a universal feature in the patterns of flow that spontaneously emerge in groups of collectively moving cells. Specifically, we demonstrate that the flows generated by collectively moving dog kidney cells, human breast cancer cells and two different strains of pathogenic bacteria exhibit robust conformal invariance. We also show that the precise form of invariance in all four systems is described by the Schramm–Loewner evolution—a family of planar curves defined by a single parameter—and belongs to the percolation universality class. The presence of universal conformal invariance reveals that the macroscopic features of living biological matter exhibit universal translational, rotational and scale symmetries that are independent of the microscopic properties of its constituents. Our results show that flow patterns generated by different systems are highly conserved and that biological systems can be used to experimentally test predictions from the theories for conformally invariant structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143618709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02832-w
Tongyang Li
Finding ground states of quantum many-body systems is difficult for both classical and quantum computers. However, their local minima can be efficiently found on a quantum computer using thermal perturbations, which is still hard classically.
{"title":"Quantum computers quickly find local minima","authors":"Tongyang Li","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-02832-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-02832-w","url":null,"abstract":"Finding ground states of quantum many-body systems is difficult for both classical and quantum computers. However, their local minima can be efficiently found on a quantum computer using thermal perturbations, which is still hard classically.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143618726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02827-7
Tingting Wu, Matthew R. King, Yuanxin Qiu, Mina Farag, Rohit V. Pappu, Matthew D. Lew
Biomolecular condensates are viscoelastic materials. Simulations predict that condensates formed by intrinsically disordered proteins are network fluids defined by spatially inhomogeneous organization of the underlying molecules. Here, we test these predictions and find that molecules within condensates are organized into slow-moving nanoscale clusters and fast-moving dispersed molecules. These results, obtained using single-fluorogen tracking and super-resolution imaging of different disordered protein-based condensates, affirm the predicted spatially inhomogeneous organization of molecules within condensates. We map the internal environments and interfaces of condensates using fluorogens that localize differently to the interiors versus interface between dilute phase and condensate. We show that nanoscale clusters within condensates are more hydrophobic than regions outside the clusters, and regions within condensates that lie outside clusters are more hydrophobic than coexisting dilute phases. Our findings provide a structural and dynamical basis for the viscoelasticity of condensates.
{"title":"Single-fluorogen imaging reveals distinct environmental and structural features of biomolecular condensates","authors":"Tingting Wu, Matthew R. King, Yuanxin Qiu, Mina Farag, Rohit V. Pappu, Matthew D. Lew","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-02827-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-02827-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biomolecular condensates are viscoelastic materials. Simulations predict that condensates formed by intrinsically disordered proteins are network fluids defined by spatially inhomogeneous organization of the underlying molecules. Here, we test these predictions and find that molecules within condensates are organized into slow-moving nanoscale clusters and fast-moving dispersed molecules. These results, obtained using single-fluorogen tracking and super-resolution imaging of different disordered protein-based condensates, affirm the predicted spatially inhomogeneous organization of molecules within condensates. We map the internal environments and interfaces of condensates using fluorogens that localize differently to the interiors versus interface between dilute phase and condensate. We show that nanoscale clusters within condensates are more hydrophobic than regions outside the clusters, and regions within condensates that lie outside clusters are more hydrophobic than coexisting dilute phases. Our findings provide a structural and dynamical basis for the viscoelasticity of condensates.</p>","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143618488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02794-z
Richard J. C. Brown
The SI brochure has described the global measurement system for more than 50 years, and yet it has kept a low profile. Richard Brown leafs through its history.
{"title":"Never judge a book by its cover","authors":"Richard J. C. Brown","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-02794-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-025-02794-z","url":null,"abstract":"The SI brochure has described the global measurement system for more than 50 years, and yet it has kept a low profile. Richard Brown leafs through its history.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"21 3","pages":"487-487"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02841-9
Leonardo Benini
{"title":"The magnetic cartography of sea turtles","authors":"Leonardo Benini","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-02841-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-025-02841-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"21 3","pages":"349-349"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02795-y
Sarah Bakewell
Physics is amazing and transformational. But for far too long the people most likely to benefit from its opportunity and wonder have been too narrowly defined.
{"title":"Physics should be for everyone","authors":"Sarah Bakewell","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-02795-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-025-02795-y","url":null,"abstract":"Physics is amazing and transformational. But for far too long the people most likely to benefit from its opportunity and wonder have been too narrowly defined.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"21 3","pages":"328-328"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02852-6
Following International Women’s Day, we draw inspiration from trailblazing women physicists from history and ask how the physics community can accelerate the closing of the gender gap.
{"title":"Progress to parity","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-02852-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-025-02852-6","url":null,"abstract":"Following International Women’s Day, we draw inspiration from trailblazing women physicists from history and ask how the physics community can accelerate the closing of the gender gap.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"21 3","pages":"327-327"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-025-02852-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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