Pub Date : 2026-03-11DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03205-7
Jianwei Huang, Zheng Ren, Hengxin Tan, Jounghoon Hyun, Yichen Zhang, Thomas A. Hulse, Zhaoyu Liu, Jonathan M. DeStefano, Yaofeng Xie, Ziqin Yue, Junichiro Kono, Pengcheng Dai, Yu He, Aki Pulkkinen, Ján Minár, Jiun-Haw Chu, Ziqiang Wang, Binghai Yan, Rafael M. Fernandes, Ming Yi
When several degrees of freedom in quantum materials have similar energy scales, the intertwined electronic orders, which exhibit broken symmetries, are often strongly coupled. Recent studies on kagome superconductors, such as CsV3Sb5, report rotational and time-reversal symmetry breaking linked to a charge density wave. Here we observe a momentum-selective response of the electronic structure of CsV3Sb5 to an external magnetic field. By performing angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy in a tunable magnetic field, we demonstrate that the response of the electronic structure is compatible with piezomagnetism along with strong orbital selectivity. Our results show that the origin of the time-reversal symmetry breaking is associated with the vanadium Van Hove singularities at the onset of the charge-density-wave order. We also demonstrate the presence of fluctuations beyond the charge ordering temperature. Our results reveal that magnetic fields can be used as tuning knobs for disentangling intertwined orders in the momentum space for quantum materials.
{"title":"Magnetic field-induced momentum-dependent symmetry breaking in a kagome superconductor","authors":"Jianwei Huang, Zheng Ren, Hengxin Tan, Jounghoon Hyun, Yichen Zhang, Thomas A. Hulse, Zhaoyu Liu, Jonathan M. DeStefano, Yaofeng Xie, Ziqin Yue, Junichiro Kono, Pengcheng Dai, Yu He, Aki Pulkkinen, Ján Minár, Jiun-Haw Chu, Ziqiang Wang, Binghai Yan, Rafael M. Fernandes, Ming Yi","doi":"10.1038/s41567-026-03205-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-026-03205-7","url":null,"abstract":"When several degrees of freedom in quantum materials have similar energy scales, the intertwined electronic orders, which exhibit broken symmetries, are often strongly coupled. Recent studies on kagome superconductors, such as CsV3Sb5, report rotational and time-reversal symmetry breaking linked to a charge density wave. Here we observe a momentum-selective response of the electronic structure of CsV3Sb5 to an external magnetic field. By performing angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy in a tunable magnetic field, we demonstrate that the response of the electronic structure is compatible with piezomagnetism along with strong orbital selectivity. Our results show that the origin of the time-reversal symmetry breaking is associated with the vanadium Van Hove singularities at the onset of the charge-density-wave order. We also demonstrate the presence of fluctuations beyond the charge ordering temperature. Our results reveal that magnetic fields can be used as tuning knobs for disentangling intertwined orders in the momentum space for quantum materials.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147394033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quantum entanglement is a fundamental resource for quantum information processing and serves as a critical benchmark for quantum hardware performance. Cluster states are a special class of entangled states that serve as universal resources for measurement-based quantum computation and possess an intrinsic symmetry-protected topological order, which confers robustness against symmetry-respecting noise. Here we report the scalable preparation and verification of genuine multipartite cluster states on the 105-qubit Zuchongzhi 3.1 superconducting processor. We achieve one-dimensional cluster states of up to 95 qubits and two-dimensional cluster states of up to 72 qubits. The symmetry-protected topological cluster states exhibit input-state-dependent robustness under symmetry-breaking perturbations due to an operational parity structure that enhances the performance of measurement-based quantum computation. Furthermore, we use our two-dimensional cluster states to implement the Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm within the measurement-based quantum computation framework, achieving higher output-state fidelity compared with traditional circuit-based models and a query efficiency advantage over classical approaches. Our work establishes a scalable platform that combines large-scale entanglement generation, symmetry-protected topological order and practical quantum algorithms to enable robust, fault-tolerant measurement-based quantum computation.
{"title":"One- and two-dimensional cluster states for topological phase simulation and measurement-based quantum computation","authors":"Tao Jiang, Jianbin Cai, Junxiang Huang, Naibin Zhou, Yukun Zhang, Jiahao Bei, Guoqing Cai, Sirui Cao, Fusheng Chen, Jiang Chen, Kefu Chen, Xiawei Chen, Xiqing Chen, Zhe Chen, Zhiyuan Chen, Zihua Chen, Wenhao Chu, Hui Deng, Zhibin Deng, Pei Ding, Xun Ding, Zhuzhengqi Ding, Shuai Dong, Bo Fan, Daojin Fan, Yuanhao Fu, Dongxin Gao, Lei Ge, Jiacheng Gui, Cheng Guo, Shaojun Guo, Xiaoyang Guo, Lianchen Han, Tan He, Linyin Hong, Yisen Hu, He-Liang Huang, Yong-Heng Huo, Zuokai Jiang, Honghong Jin, Yunxiang Leng, Dayu Li, Dongdong Li, Fangyu Li, Jiaqi Li, Jinjin Li, Junyan Li, Junyun Li, Na Li, Shaowei Li, Wei Li, Yuhuai Li, Yuan Li, Futian Liang, Xuelian Liang, Nanxing Liao","doi":"10.1038/s41567-026-03179-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-026-03179-6","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum entanglement is a fundamental resource for quantum information processing and serves as a critical benchmark for quantum hardware performance. Cluster states are a special class of entangled states that serve as universal resources for measurement-based quantum computation and possess an intrinsic symmetry-protected topological order, which confers robustness against symmetry-respecting noise. Here we report the scalable preparation and verification of genuine multipartite cluster states on the 105-qubit Zuchongzhi 3.1 superconducting processor. We achieve one-dimensional cluster states of up to 95 qubits and two-dimensional cluster states of up to 72 qubits. The symmetry-protected topological cluster states exhibit input-state-dependent robustness under symmetry-breaking perturbations due to an operational parity structure that enhances the performance of measurement-based quantum computation. Furthermore, we use our two-dimensional cluster states to implement the Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm within the measurement-based quantum computation framework, achieving higher output-state fidelity compared with traditional circuit-based models and a query efficiency advantage over classical approaches. Our work establishes a scalable platform that combines large-scale entanglement generation, symmetry-protected topological order and practical quantum algorithms to enable robust, fault-tolerant measurement-based quantum computation.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"266 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147394034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-09DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-03165-4
Berend van der Meer, Mathieu G. Baltussen, François A. Lavergne, Arran Curran, Marjolein Dijkstra, Roel P. A. Dullens
Grain boundaries are complex defects in polycrystalline systems and their migration has a key role in determining the properties of such solids. Understanding grain boundary motion in terms of both particle and dislocation dynamics remains a central problem. Here we establish a fundamental geometric principle governing grain boundary migration at the microscopic level: particles preferentially transition between grains at specific lattice equivalence points identified through a refined O-lattice construction. We validate this principle using loop-shaped grain boundaries in two-dimensional colloidal crystals created with holographic optical tweezers and computer simulations. Building on this principle, we develop a geometric framework that accurately predicts the microscopic dynamics of both particles and dislocations during grain boundary migration. Our results shed light on the microscopic mechanism of grain boundary migration and reveal the intrinsic connection between the dynamics of particles and dislocations.
{"title":"Geometric origin of particle and dislocation dynamics during grain boundary migration","authors":"Berend van der Meer, Mathieu G. Baltussen, François A. Lavergne, Arran Curran, Marjolein Dijkstra, Roel P. A. Dullens","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-03165-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-03165-4","url":null,"abstract":"Grain boundaries are complex defects in polycrystalline systems and their migration has a key role in determining the properties of such solids. Understanding grain boundary motion in terms of both particle and dislocation dynamics remains a central problem. Here we establish a fundamental geometric principle governing grain boundary migration at the microscopic level: particles preferentially transition between grains at specific lattice equivalence points identified through a refined O-lattice construction. We validate this principle using loop-shaped grain boundaries in two-dimensional colloidal crystals created with holographic optical tweezers and computer simulations. Building on this principle, we develop a geometric framework that accurately predicts the microscopic dynamics of both particles and dislocations during grain boundary migration. Our results shed light on the microscopic mechanism of grain boundary migration and reveal the intrinsic connection between the dynamics of particles and dislocations.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147381709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-06DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03191-w
Jeremy Laprade, Layne B. Frechette, Christopher Amey, Adrielle T. Cusi, Aparna Baskaran, W. Benjamin Rogers, Guillaume Duclos
Coarsening, the growth of larger structures at the expense of smaller ones, is a fundamental process in multiphase systems. The cell cytoplasm is an example of an out-of-equilibrium multiphase system in which molecular phase-separated condensates nucleate and grow within an active fluid composed of biopolymers and energy-consuming enzymes. Here we uncover the mechanisms that govern the growth of condensates in a self-stirring active fluid. We study the coarsening of synthetic DNA-based condensates embedded within a three-dimensional reconstituted cytoskeleton composed of microtubules and molecular motors. By combining experiments and modelling, we explain the absence of self-similarity in active coarsening and the origin of the continuously varying coarsening exponents for condensates within either active or passive fluids. The coarsening dynamics are set by the statistics of binary collisions among droplets, which depend on their size-dependent motility, irrespective of their active or passive origins. We find that the scaling exponent of the collision kernel is a unifying control parameter for the coarsening and the size distribution of motile condensates. Our results expand our understanding of phase separation in far-from-equilibrium systems, with potential implications in materials science and biology.
{"title":"The coarsening of biomimetic condensates in an active fluid is non-self-similar","authors":"Jeremy Laprade, Layne B. Frechette, Christopher Amey, Adrielle T. Cusi, Aparna Baskaran, W. Benjamin Rogers, Guillaume Duclos","doi":"10.1038/s41567-026-03191-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-026-03191-w","url":null,"abstract":"Coarsening, the growth of larger structures at the expense of smaller ones, is a fundamental process in multiphase systems. The cell cytoplasm is an example of an out-of-equilibrium multiphase system in which molecular phase-separated condensates nucleate and grow within an active fluid composed of biopolymers and energy-consuming enzymes. Here we uncover the mechanisms that govern the growth of condensates in a self-stirring active fluid. We study the coarsening of synthetic DNA-based condensates embedded within a three-dimensional reconstituted cytoskeleton composed of microtubules and molecular motors. By combining experiments and modelling, we explain the absence of self-similarity in active coarsening and the origin of the continuously varying coarsening exponents for condensates within either active or passive fluids. The coarsening dynamics are set by the statistics of binary collisions among droplets, which depend on their size-dependent motility, irrespective of their active or passive origins. We find that the scaling exponent of the collision kernel is a unifying control parameter for the coarsening and the size distribution of motile condensates. Our results expand our understanding of phase separation in far-from-equilibrium systems, with potential implications in materials science and biology.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147371113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent advances in quantum error correction in various hardware platforms have demonstrated operation near and beyond the threshold for fault-tolerant quantum computing. However, scaling up to achieve the exponential suppression of logical errors needed for fault tolerance remains challenging. Erasure qubits offer a path towards resource-efficient error correction, which enables the hardware-level detection of dominant error types. Single erasure qubits with dual-rail encoding in superconducting devices have demonstrated high coherence and low single-qubit gate errors with mid-circuit erasure detection. Here we demonstrate the generation of logical multi-qubit entanglement under error-biased protection using pairs of tunable transmons in a superconducting quantum processor. Each dual-rail qubit maintains millisecond-scale coherence times and logical single-qubit gate error rates on the order of 10−5 by using post-selection to mitigate erasure errors. We then demonstrate a logical (sqrt{{rm{iSWAP}}}) gate and the generation of a logical Bell state by engineering tunable couplings between the logical qubits. Building on this, we synthesize a logical controlled-NOT gate with a process fidelity of 98.1% at a 13% erasure rate, enabling the creation of a three-logical-qubit Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state with 93.9% fidelity.
最近在各种硬件平台上的量子纠错进展已经证明了接近或超过容错量子计算阈值的操作。然而，扩大规模以实现容错所需的逻辑错误的指数抑制仍然具有挑战性。擦除量子比特提供了一条资源高效纠错的途径，这使得硬件级别的主要错误类型检测成为可能。超导器件中具有双轨编码的单量子比特在中路擦除检测中表现出高相干性和低单量子比特门误差。在这里，我们展示了在错误偏置保护下使用超导量子处理器中的可调谐传输对产生逻辑多量子位纠缠。每个双轨道量子比特通过使用后选择来减轻擦除错误，保持毫秒级的相干时间和10−5量级的逻辑单量子比特门错误率。然后，我们演示了一个逻辑(sqrt{{rm{iSWAP}}})门，并通过在逻辑量子位之间设计可调谐耦合来生成逻辑贝尔状态。在此基础上，我们合成了一个过程保真度为98.1的逻辑控制非门% at a 13% erasure rate, enabling the creation of a three-logical-qubit Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state with 93.9% fidelity.
{"title":"Logical multi-qubit entanglement with dual-rail superconducting qubits","authors":"Wenhui Huang, Xuandong Sun, Jiawei Zhang, Zechen Guo, Peisheng Huang, Yongqi Liang, Yiting Liu, Daxiong Sun, Zilin Wang, Yuzhe Xiong, Xiaohan Yang, Jiajian Zhang, Libo Zhang, Ji Chu, Weijie Guo, Ji Jiang, Song Liu, Jingjing Niu, Jiawei Qiu, Ziyu Tao, Yuxuan Zhou, Xiayu Linpeng, Youpeng Zhong, Dapeng Yu","doi":"10.1038/s41567-026-03211-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-026-03211-9","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in quantum error correction in various hardware platforms have demonstrated operation near and beyond the threshold for fault-tolerant quantum computing. However, scaling up to achieve the exponential suppression of logical errors needed for fault tolerance remains challenging. Erasure qubits offer a path towards resource-efficient error correction, which enables the hardware-level detection of dominant error types. Single erasure qubits with dual-rail encoding in superconducting devices have demonstrated high coherence and low single-qubit gate errors with mid-circuit erasure detection. Here we demonstrate the generation of logical multi-qubit entanglement under error-biased protection using pairs of tunable transmons in a superconducting quantum processor. Each dual-rail qubit maintains millisecond-scale coherence times and logical single-qubit gate error rates on the order of 10−5 by using post-selection to mitigate erasure errors. We then demonstrate a logical (sqrt{{rm{iSWAP}}}) gate and the generation of a logical Bell state by engineering tunable couplings between the logical qubits. Building on this, we synthesize a logical controlled-NOT gate with a process fidelity of 98.1% at a 13% erasure rate, enabling the creation of a three-logical-qubit Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state with 93.9% fidelity.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147371114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-06DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03185-8
S. Y. Frank Zhao, Paul M. Neves, Joshua P. Wakefield, Shiang Fang, Alan Chen, Johanna C. Palmstrom, David E. Graf, Avi Auslender, David C. Bell, Pavel A. Volkov, Takehito Suzuki, Joseph G. Checkelsky
The wavefunction of Cooper pairs in superconductors is characterized by the spin and orbital angular momenta of their constituent electrons. Given the fermionic nature of electrons, a Cooper pair must be antisymmetric with respect to the exchange of the particles that compose it. Nearly all stoichiometric superconductors host spin-singlet Cooper pairs with zero angular momentum and spin. An important exception are a small number of uranium-based heavy fermion materials believed to support odd angular momentum, spin-triplet states. Therefore, discovery of different triplet superconducting materials is important for understanding unconventional superconductivity. Here we show that the natural superlattice material BaTa2S5 without doping supports a high-field, clean-limit superconducting state persisting to at least 60 T. Arising at a first-order transition out of an Ising-like superconducting phase, this state is highly two-dimensional and consistent with a field-induced triplet pairing. These results suggest that a broad family of spin-triplet, two-dimensional, d-electron superconductors can be created by tuning of spin–orbit coupling, dimensionality and electronic quality. Looking forward, the rare presence of multiple superconducting phases along with crystallographic symmetries supporting p- or f-wave pairing in these systems may lead to new materials for high-field and topological superconductivity.
{"title":"High-field triplet superconductivity in a transition metal dichalcogenide superlattice","authors":"S. Y. Frank Zhao, Paul M. Neves, Joshua P. Wakefield, Shiang Fang, Alan Chen, Johanna C. Palmstrom, David E. Graf, Avi Auslender, David C. Bell, Pavel A. Volkov, Takehito Suzuki, Joseph G. Checkelsky","doi":"10.1038/s41567-026-03185-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-026-03185-8","url":null,"abstract":"The wavefunction of Cooper pairs in superconductors is characterized by the spin and orbital angular momenta of their constituent electrons. Given the fermionic nature of electrons, a Cooper pair must be antisymmetric with respect to the exchange of the particles that compose it. Nearly all stoichiometric superconductors host spin-singlet Cooper pairs with zero angular momentum and spin. An important exception are a small number of uranium-based heavy fermion materials believed to support odd angular momentum, spin-triplet states. Therefore, discovery of different triplet superconducting materials is important for understanding unconventional superconductivity. Here we show that the natural superlattice material BaTa2S5 without doping supports a high-field, clean-limit superconducting state persisting to at least 60 T. Arising at a first-order transition out of an Ising-like superconducting phase, this state is highly two-dimensional and consistent with a field-induced triplet pairing. These results suggest that a broad family of spin-triplet, two-dimensional, d-electron superconductors can be created by tuning of spin–orbit coupling, dimensionality and electronic quality. Looking forward, the rare presence of multiple superconducting phases along with crystallographic symmetries supporting p- or f-wave pairing in these systems may lead to new materials for high-field and topological superconductivity.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"311 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147371131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-06DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03204-8
K. Stankiewicz, M. Makowski, M. Słowiński, K. L. Sołtys, B. Bednarski, H. J. Jóźwiak, N. Stolarczyk, M. Narożnik, D. Kierski, S. Wójtewicz, A. Cygan, G. Kowzan, P. Masłowski, M. Piwiński, D. Lisak, P. Wcisło
Spectrometers based on high-finesse optical cavities have proven to be powerful tools for applied and fundamental studies. Extending this technology to the deep cryogenic regime reduces Doppler broadening, enhances peak absorption, narrows the Boltzmann distribution of rotational states and ensures that all unwanted molecular species disturbing the spectra are frozen out. Moreover, the dense spectra of complex polyatomic molecules become easier to assign. Here we demonstrate a cavity-enhanced spectrometer fully operating down to 4 K. This was enabled by uniformly cooling, not only the sample, but the entire cavity. Our approach isolates the cavity from external noise and cryocooler vibrations. We demonstrate the capabilities of our cavity-enhanced spectrometer by performing measurements in the deep cryogenic regime: an accurate test of quantum electrodynamics for molecules; the realization of the primary standards of the International System of Units for temperature, concentration and pressure; a measurement of the dihydrogen phase diagram; and the determination of the ortho-to-para spin-isomer conversion rate.
{"title":"Cavity-enhanced spectroscopy in the deep cryogenic regime for quantum sensing and metrology","authors":"K. Stankiewicz, M. Makowski, M. Słowiński, K. L. Sołtys, B. Bednarski, H. J. Jóźwiak, N. Stolarczyk, M. Narożnik, D. Kierski, S. Wójtewicz, A. Cygan, G. Kowzan, P. Masłowski, M. Piwiński, D. Lisak, P. Wcisło","doi":"10.1038/s41567-026-03204-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-026-03204-8","url":null,"abstract":"Spectrometers based on high-finesse optical cavities have proven to be powerful tools for applied and fundamental studies. Extending this technology to the deep cryogenic regime reduces Doppler broadening, enhances peak absorption, narrows the Boltzmann distribution of rotational states and ensures that all unwanted molecular species disturbing the spectra are frozen out. Moreover, the dense spectra of complex polyatomic molecules become easier to assign. Here we demonstrate a cavity-enhanced spectrometer fully operating down to 4 K. This was enabled by uniformly cooling, not only the sample, but the entire cavity. Our approach isolates the cavity from external noise and cryocooler vibrations. We demonstrate the capabilities of our cavity-enhanced spectrometer by performing measurements in the deep cryogenic regime: an accurate test of quantum electrodynamics for molecules; the realization of the primary standards of the International System of Units for temperature, concentration and pressure; a measurement of the dihydrogen phase diagram; and the determination of the ortho-to-para spin-isomer conversion rate.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147371112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-03DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03181-y
Shubhayan Sarkar, Alexandre C. Orthey Jr, Remigiusz Augusiak
The emergence of quantum devices has raised a significant issue: how to certify the quantum properties of a device without placing trust in it? To characterize quantum states and measurements in a device-independent way, up to some degree of freedom, we can make use of a technique known as self-testing. Although schemes have been proposed to self-test all pure multipartite entangled states (up to complex conjugation) and real local projective measurements, little has been done to certify mixed entangled states, composite or non-projective measurements. By using the framework of quantum networks, we propose a scheme for self-testing (up to complex conjugation) arbitrary extremal measurements, including the projective ones. This then allows us to propose an indirect way to self-test any quantum state, including mixed ones, as well as any quantum measurement, including non-extremal ones. The quantum network considered here is the simple star network, which is implementable using current technologies. For our purposes, we also construct a scheme that can be used to self-test the two-dimensional tomographically complete set of measurements with an arbitrary number of parties.
{"title":"A universal scheme to self-test any quantum state or measurement","authors":"Shubhayan Sarkar, Alexandre C. Orthey Jr, Remigiusz Augusiak","doi":"10.1038/s41567-026-03181-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-026-03181-y","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of quantum devices has raised a significant issue: how to certify the quantum properties of a device without placing trust in it? To characterize quantum states and measurements in a device-independent way, up to some degree of freedom, we can make use of a technique known as self-testing. Although schemes have been proposed to self-test all pure multipartite entangled states (up to complex conjugation) and real local projective measurements, little has been done to certify mixed entangled states, composite or non-projective measurements. By using the framework of quantum networks, we propose a scheme for self-testing (up to complex conjugation) arbitrary extremal measurements, including the projective ones. This then allows us to propose an indirect way to self-test any quantum state, including mixed ones, as well as any quantum measurement, including non-extremal ones. The quantum network considered here is the simple star network, which is implementable using current technologies. For our purposes, we also construct a scheme that can be used to self-test the two-dimensional tomographically complete set of measurements with an arbitrary number of parties.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"227 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147346816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-25DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03187-6
Stephen E. Kuenstner, Declan W. Smith, Andrew J. Winter, Eren Ozdemir, Tanja Marić, Alyssa Matthews, Alexander O. Sushkov
{"title":"Quantum-limited metrology of macroscopic spin ensembles","authors":"Stephen E. Kuenstner, Declan W. Smith, Andrew J. Winter, Eren Ozdemir, Tanja Marić, Alyssa Matthews, Alexander O. Sushkov","doi":"10.1038/s41567-026-03187-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-026-03187-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"176 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147278580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-23DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-03163-6
Leo Joon Il Moon, Paul M. Schindler, Ryan J. Smith, Emanuel Druga, Zhuo-Rui Zhang, Marin Bukov, Ashok Ajoy
Prethermal discrete time crystals are non-equilibrium states of matter with long-range spatiotemporal order and a subharmonic response stabilized by many-body interactions under periodic driving. The robustness of time-crystalline order to perturbations in the drive protocol makes these systems attractive for quantum sensing. Here we exploit the sensitivity of prethermal discrete time crystal order to deviations in its order parameter to implement the frequency-selective detection of time-varying magnetic fields in a system of strongly driven, dipolar-coupled 13 C nuclear spins in a diamond. Incorporating an oscillating field into the time crystal dynamics extends its lifetime exponentially, producing a sharp resonant response in the order parameter. The sensor linewidth is set by the time crystal lifetime alone, as strong interspin interactions help stabilize the time-crystalline order. The device operates in the 0.5–50-kHz range—a challenging frequency regime for sensors based on atomic vapour or electronic spins—and achieves competitive sensitivity. The sensing principle we demonstrate is robust to drive errors and sample inhomogeneities, and is applicable across a range of physical platforms including superconducting circuits, neutral atoms and trapped ions.
{"title":"Sensing with discrete time crystals","authors":"Leo Joon Il Moon, Paul M. Schindler, Ryan J. Smith, Emanuel Druga, Zhuo-Rui Zhang, Marin Bukov, Ashok Ajoy","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-03163-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-03163-6","url":null,"abstract":"Prethermal discrete time crystals are non-equilibrium states of matter with long-range spatiotemporal order and a subharmonic response stabilized by many-body interactions under periodic driving. The robustness of time-crystalline order to perturbations in the drive protocol makes these systems attractive for quantum sensing. Here we exploit the sensitivity of prethermal discrete time crystal order to deviations in its order parameter to implement the frequency-selective detection of time-varying magnetic fields in a system of strongly driven, dipolar-coupled <jats:sup>13</jats:sup> C nuclear spins in a diamond. Incorporating an oscillating field into the time crystal dynamics extends its lifetime exponentially, producing a sharp resonant response in the order parameter. The sensor linewidth is set by the time crystal lifetime alone, as strong interspin interactions help stabilize the time-crystalline order. The device operates in the 0.5–50-kHz range—a challenging frequency regime for sensors based on atomic vapour or electronic spins—and achieves competitive sensitivity. The sensing principle we demonstrate is robust to drive errors and sample inhomogeneities, and is applicable across a range of physical platforms including superconducting circuits, neutral atoms and trapped ions.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147278635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：