Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02643-5
A. Liu, D. Pavićević, M. H. Michael, A. G. Salvador, P. E. Dolgirev, M. Fechner, A. S. Disa, P. M. Lozano, Q. Li, G. D. Gu, E. Demler, A. Cavalleri
Inhomogeneities crucially influence the properties of quantum materials, yet methods that can measure them remain limited and can access only a fraction of relevant observables. For example, local probes such as scanning tunnelling microscopy have documented that the electronic properties of cuprate superconductors are inhomogeneous over nanometre length scales. However, complementary techniques that can resolve higher-order correlations are needed to elucidate the nature of these inhomogeneities. Furthermore, local tunnelling probes are often effective only far below the critical temperature. Here we develop a two-dimensional terahertz spectroscopy method to measure Josephson plasmon echoes from an interlayer superconducting tunnelling resonance in a near-optimally doped cuprate. The technique allows us to study the multidimensional optical response of the interlayer Josephson coupling in the material and disentangle intrinsic lifetime broadening from extrinsic inhomogeneous broadening for interlayer superconducting tunnelling. We find that inhomogeneous broadening persists up to a substantial fraction of the critical temperature, above which this is overcome by the thermally increased lifetime broadening. By measuring terahertz photon echoes, multidimensional spectroscopy demonstrates that interlayer tunnelling in a cuprate superconductor remains largely unaffected by electronic disorder, even near the phase transition.
{"title":"Probing inhomogeneous cuprate superconductivity by terahertz Josephson echo spectroscopy","authors":"A. Liu, D. Pavićević, M. H. Michael, A. G. Salvador, P. E. Dolgirev, M. Fechner, A. S. Disa, P. M. Lozano, Q. Li, G. D. Gu, E. Demler, A. Cavalleri","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02643-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-024-02643-5","url":null,"abstract":"Inhomogeneities crucially influence the properties of quantum materials, yet methods that can measure them remain limited and can access only a fraction of relevant observables. For example, local probes such as scanning tunnelling microscopy have documented that the electronic properties of cuprate superconductors are inhomogeneous over nanometre length scales. However, complementary techniques that can resolve higher-order correlations are needed to elucidate the nature of these inhomogeneities. Furthermore, local tunnelling probes are often effective only far below the critical temperature. Here we develop a two-dimensional terahertz spectroscopy method to measure Josephson plasmon echoes from an interlayer superconducting tunnelling resonance in a near-optimally doped cuprate. The technique allows us to study the multidimensional optical response of the interlayer Josephson coupling in the material and disentangle intrinsic lifetime broadening from extrinsic inhomogeneous broadening for interlayer superconducting tunnelling. We find that inhomogeneous broadening persists up to a substantial fraction of the critical temperature, above which this is overcome by the thermally increased lifetime broadening. By measuring terahertz photon echoes, multidimensional spectroscopy demonstrates that interlayer tunnelling in a cuprate superconductor remains largely unaffected by electronic disorder, even near the phase transition.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"20 11","pages":"1751-1756"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-024-02643-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142234442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02626-6
Sheng Chen, Daniel S. Seara, Ani Michaud, Songeun Kim, William M. Bement, Michael P. Murrell
Living systems are driven far from thermodynamic equilibrium through the continuous consumption of ambient energy. In the cell cortex, this energy is invested in the formation of diverse patterns in chemical and mechanical activities, whose spatial and temporal dynamics determine the cell phenotypes and behaviours. How cells partition internal energy between these activities is unknown. Here we measured the entropy production rate of both chemical and mechanical subsystems of the cell cortex across a variety of patterns as the system is driven further from equilibrium. We do this by manipulating the Rho GTPase pathway, which controls the cortical actin filaments and myosin-II. At lower levels of GTPase-activating protein expression, which produce pulses or choppy Rho and actin filament waves, energy is proportionally partitioned between the two subsystems and is subject to the constraint of Onsager reciprocity. Within the range of reciprocity, the entropy production rate is maximized in choppy waves. As the cortex is driven into labyrinthine or spiral travelling waves, reciprocity is broken, marking an increasingly differential partitioning of energy and an uncoupling of chemical and mechanical activities. We further demonstrate that energy partitioning and reciprocity are determined by the competing timescales between chemical reaction and mechanical relaxation. How cells manage the internal energetic budget to drive mechanical and chemical dynamics is still an open question. Now it is shown that the allocation of energy depends on the distance from thermodynamic equilibrium.
{"title":"Energy partitioning in the cell cortex","authors":"Sheng Chen, Daniel S. Seara, Ani Michaud, Songeun Kim, William M. Bement, Michael P. Murrell","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02626-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-024-02626-6","url":null,"abstract":"Living systems are driven far from thermodynamic equilibrium through the continuous consumption of ambient energy. In the cell cortex, this energy is invested in the formation of diverse patterns in chemical and mechanical activities, whose spatial and temporal dynamics determine the cell phenotypes and behaviours. How cells partition internal energy between these activities is unknown. Here we measured the entropy production rate of both chemical and mechanical subsystems of the cell cortex across a variety of patterns as the system is driven further from equilibrium. We do this by manipulating the Rho GTPase pathway, which controls the cortical actin filaments and myosin-II. At lower levels of GTPase-activating protein expression, which produce pulses or choppy Rho and actin filament waves, energy is proportionally partitioned between the two subsystems and is subject to the constraint of Onsager reciprocity. Within the range of reciprocity, the entropy production rate is maximized in choppy waves. As the cortex is driven into labyrinthine or spiral travelling waves, reciprocity is broken, marking an increasingly differential partitioning of energy and an uncoupling of chemical and mechanical activities. We further demonstrate that energy partitioning and reciprocity are determined by the competing timescales between chemical reaction and mechanical relaxation. How cells manage the internal energetic budget to drive mechanical and chemical dynamics is still an open question. Now it is shown that the allocation of energy depends on the distance from thermodynamic equilibrium.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"20 11","pages":"1824-1832"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142170786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02650-6
Bart Verberck
{"title":"The many faces of foams","authors":"Bart Verberck","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02650-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-024-02650-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"20 9","pages":"1378-1378"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142174417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02627-5
Mark Buchanan
{"title":"The laws of inflating the AI bubble","authors":"Mark Buchanan","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02627-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-024-02627-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"20 9","pages":"1362-1362"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142174419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02642-6
Arturo Camacho-Guardian
The collective behaviour of quantum gases strongly depends on the confining dimensionality. Its role in the emergence of a phase transition in a quantum gas of photons has now been explored using a new trapping technique, transitioning from 2D to 1D.
{"title":"Photon gas crosses dimensions","authors":"Arturo Camacho-Guardian","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02642-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-024-02642-6","url":null,"abstract":"The collective behaviour of quantum gases strongly depends on the confining dimensionality. Its role in the emergence of a phase transition in a quantum gas of photons has now been explored using a new trapping technique, transitioning from 2D to 1D.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"20 11","pages":"1700-1701"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142170784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02654-2
PhD students can face many challenges, such as a lack of confidence in their newly acquired skills or the uncertainty about which career path to choose. We highlight some ways to empower students in their doctoral journey.
{"title":"Tap the potential of PhD students","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02654-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-024-02654-2","url":null,"abstract":"PhD students can face many challenges, such as a lack of confidence in their newly acquired skills or the uncertainty about which career path to choose. We highlight some ways to empower students in their doctoral journey.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"20 9","pages":"1361-1361"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-024-02654-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142174396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02649-z
Leonardo Benini
{"title":"Wiggles in the shade","authors":"Leonardo Benini","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02649-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-024-02649-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"20 9","pages":"1377-1377"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142174332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02631-9
Dorian Bouchet
The Fisher information imposes a fundamental limit on the precision with which an unknown parameter can be estimated from noisy data, as Dorian Bouchet explains.
{"title":"An unbreakable limit","authors":"Dorian Bouchet","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02631-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-024-02631-9","url":null,"abstract":"The Fisher information imposes a fundamental limit on the precision with which an unknown parameter can be estimated from noisy data, as Dorian Bouchet explains.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"20 9","pages":"1518-1518"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142174401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-09DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02636-4
Wenjin Zhao, Bowen Shen, Zui Tao, Sunghoon Kim, Patrick Knüppel, Zhongdong Han, Yichi Zhang, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Debanjan Chowdhury, Jie Shan, Kin Fai Mak
In the Kondo lattice model, the interaction of a lattice of localized magnetic moments with a sea of conduction electrons induces rich quantum phases of matter, including Fermi liquids with heavily renormalized electronic quasiparticles, quantum critical non-Fermi liquid metals and unconventional superconductors. The recent demonstration of moiré Kondo lattices has presented an opportunity to study the Kondo problem with continuously tunable parameters. Although a heavy Fermi liquid phase has been identified, the magnetic phases remain unexplored in moiré Kondo lattices. Here we report a density-tuned Kondo breakdown in MoTe2/WSe2 moiré bilayers by combining magnetotransport and optical studies. At a critical density, we observe a heavy Fermi liquid to insulator transition and a nearly concomitant emergence of ferromagnetic order. The observation is consistent with the emergence of a ferromagnetic Anderson insulator and suppression of the Kondo screening effect below the critical density. Our results suggest a path for realizing other quantum phase transitions in moiré Kondo lattices. Kondo physics has been observed in moiré bilayers, but the expected magnetic transitions have not been reported. Now, a metal–insulator transition with ferromagnetic order that develops at nearly the same time is reported in a moiré bilayer.
{"title":"Emergence of ferromagnetism at the onset of moiré Kondo breakdown","authors":"Wenjin Zhao, Bowen Shen, Zui Tao, Sunghoon Kim, Patrick Knüppel, Zhongdong Han, Yichi Zhang, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Debanjan Chowdhury, Jie Shan, Kin Fai Mak","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02636-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-024-02636-4","url":null,"abstract":"In the Kondo lattice model, the interaction of a lattice of localized magnetic moments with a sea of conduction electrons induces rich quantum phases of matter, including Fermi liquids with heavily renormalized electronic quasiparticles, quantum critical non-Fermi liquid metals and unconventional superconductors. The recent demonstration of moiré Kondo lattices has presented an opportunity to study the Kondo problem with continuously tunable parameters. Although a heavy Fermi liquid phase has been identified, the magnetic phases remain unexplored in moiré Kondo lattices. Here we report a density-tuned Kondo breakdown in MoTe2/WSe2 moiré bilayers by combining magnetotransport and optical studies. At a critical density, we observe a heavy Fermi liquid to insulator transition and a nearly concomitant emergence of ferromagnetic order. The observation is consistent with the emergence of a ferromagnetic Anderson insulator and suppression of the Kondo screening effect below the critical density. Our results suggest a path for realizing other quantum phase transitions in moiré Kondo lattices. Kondo physics has been observed in moiré bilayers, but the expected magnetic transitions have not been reported. Now, a metal–insulator transition with ferromagnetic order that develops at nearly the same time is reported in a moiré bilayer.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"20 11","pages":"1772-1777"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142158956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-06DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02641-7
Kirankumar Karkihalli Umesh, Julian Schulz, Julian Schmitt, Martin Weitz, Georg von Freymann, Frank Vewinger
The dimensionality of a system profoundly influences its physical behaviour, leading to the emergence of different states of matter in many-body quantum systems. In lower dimensions, fluctuations increase and lead to the suppression of long-range order. For example, in bosonic gases, Bose–Einstein condensation in one dimension requires stronger confinement than in two dimensions. Here we observe the dimensional crossover from one to two dimensions in a harmonically trapped photon gas and study its properties. The photons are trapped in a dye microcavity where polymer nanostructures provide the trapping potential for the photon gas. By varying the aspect ratio of the harmonic trap, we tune from isotropic two-dimensional confinement to an anisotropic, highly elongated one-dimensional trapping potential. Along this transition, we determine the caloric properties of the photon gas and find a softening of the second-order Bose–Einstein condensation phase transition observed in two dimensions to a crossover behaviour in one dimension. The dimensionality of a many-body system strongly impacts its physical behaviour. Now, a crossover from 1D to 2D has been observed in the Bose–Einstein condensate of a photon gas.
{"title":"Dimensional crossover in a quantum gas of light","authors":"Kirankumar Karkihalli Umesh, Julian Schulz, Julian Schmitt, Martin Weitz, Georg von Freymann, Frank Vewinger","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02641-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-024-02641-7","url":null,"abstract":"The dimensionality of a system profoundly influences its physical behaviour, leading to the emergence of different states of matter in many-body quantum systems. In lower dimensions, fluctuations increase and lead to the suppression of long-range order. For example, in bosonic gases, Bose–Einstein condensation in one dimension requires stronger confinement than in two dimensions. Here we observe the dimensional crossover from one to two dimensions in a harmonically trapped photon gas and study its properties. The photons are trapped in a dye microcavity where polymer nanostructures provide the trapping potential for the photon gas. By varying the aspect ratio of the harmonic trap, we tune from isotropic two-dimensional confinement to an anisotropic, highly elongated one-dimensional trapping potential. Along this transition, we determine the caloric properties of the photon gas and find a softening of the second-order Bose–Einstein condensation phase transition observed in two dimensions to a crossover behaviour in one dimension. The dimensionality of a many-body system strongly impacts its physical behaviour. Now, a crossover from 1D to 2D has been observed in the Bose–Einstein condensate of a photon gas.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"20 11","pages":"1810-1815"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142142385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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