Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-03137-8
Iaroslav A. Filatov, Petr I. Gerevenkov, Andrei V. Azovtsev, Valeria A. Kovaleva, Nikolai E. Khokhlov, Alexandra M. Kalashnikova
Cherenkov radiation is a universal phenomenon that arises from a uniformly moving source. It enables wave emission and finds important applications across various fields of physics, from particle physics to plasmonics. Efforts to explore the Cherenkov emission of coherent spin waves, or magnons, are currently limited by the absence of experimentally realized fast-moving magnetic perturbations. Here we demonstrate the magnon-Cherenkov effect by showing the emission of exchange spin waves. This emission is enabled by an optically induced picosecond strain pulse that acts as a spatially localized propagating perturbation of the internal effective magnetic field as a result of magnetoelastic coupling. We observe the propagation of a strain pulse through the thickness of a dielectric ferrimagnet, followed by the emission of spin waves that fully satisfy the conditions for the Cherenkov effect. The spectral characteristics of the emitted spin waves are controlled with an applied magnetic field and the shape of the strain pulse. Therefore, our results expand the possibilities to realize and control non-dissipative spin transport in various laterally and vertically structured magnonic devices. Coherent spin waves—quantized into magnons—can be emitted as Cherenkov radiation, but their experimental realization is hindered by the lack of fast-moving magnetic perturbations. Now, a picosecond strain pulse is shown to induce this effect.
{"title":"Magnon-Cherenkov effect from a picosecond strain pulse","authors":"Iaroslav A. Filatov, Petr I. Gerevenkov, Andrei V. Azovtsev, Valeria A. Kovaleva, Nikolai E. Khokhlov, Alexandra M. Kalashnikova","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-03137-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-025-03137-8","url":null,"abstract":"Cherenkov radiation is a universal phenomenon that arises from a uniformly moving source. It enables wave emission and finds important applications across various fields of physics, from particle physics to plasmonics. Efforts to explore the Cherenkov emission of coherent spin waves, or magnons, are currently limited by the absence of experimentally realized fast-moving magnetic perturbations. Here we demonstrate the magnon-Cherenkov effect by showing the emission of exchange spin waves. This emission is enabled by an optically induced picosecond strain pulse that acts as a spatially localized propagating perturbation of the internal effective magnetic field as a result of magnetoelastic coupling. We observe the propagation of a strain pulse through the thickness of a dielectric ferrimagnet, followed by the emission of spin waves that fully satisfy the conditions for the Cherenkov effect. The spectral characteristics of the emitted spin waves are controlled with an applied magnetic field and the shape of the strain pulse. Therefore, our results expand the possibilities to realize and control non-dissipative spin transport in various laterally and vertically structured magnonic devices. Coherent spin waves—quantized into magnons—can be emitted as Cherenkov radiation, but their experimental realization is hindered by the lack of fast-moving magnetic perturbations. Now, a picosecond strain pulse is shown to induce this effect.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"22 2","pages":"252-258"},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146042941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quantum computers hold the potential to surpass classical computers in solving complex computational problems. The fragility of quantum information and the error-prone nature of quantum operations necessitate the use of quantum error correction codes to achieve fault-tolerant quantum computing. However, most codes that have been demonstrated so far suffer from low encoding efficiency, and their scalability is hindered by prohibitively high resource overheads. Here we use a 32-qubit quantum processor to demonstrate two low-overhead quantum low-density parity-check codes, a distance-4 bivariate bicycle code and a distance-3 punctured bivariate bicycle code. Utilizing a two-dimensional architecture with overlapping long-range couplers connecting the qubits, we demonstrate the simultaneous measurements of all non-local weight-6 stabilizers via the periodic execution of an efficient syndrome extraction circuit. We achieve a logical error rate per logical qubit per cycle of (8.91 ± 0.17)% for the bivariate bicycle code with four logical qubits and (7.77 ± 0.12)% for the punctured bivariate bicycle code with six logical qubits. Our results establish the feasibility of performing quantum error correction with long-range coupled superconducting processors, demonstrating the viability of low-overhead quantum error correction. Quantum low-density parity-check error correction codes are anticipated to deliver high performance, but require long-range qubit–qubit interactions. Two of these error correction codes have now been successfully implemented on a superconducting device.
{"title":"Demonstration of low-overhead quantum error correction codes","authors":"Ke Wang, Zhide Lu, Chuanyu Zhang, Gongyu Liu, Jiachen Chen, Yanzhe Wang, Yaozu Wu, Shibo Xu, Xuhao Zhu, Feitong Jin, Yu Gao, Ziqi Tan, Zhengyi Cui, Ning Wang, Yiren Zou, Aosai Zhang, Tingting Li, Fanhao Shen, Jiarun Zhong, Zehang Bao, Zitian Zhu, Yihang Han, Yiyang He, Jiayuan Shen, Han Wang, Jia-Nan Yang, Zixuan Song, Jinfeng Deng, Hang Dong, Zheng-Zhi Sun, Weikang Li, Qi Ye, Si Jiang, Yixuan Ma, Pei-Xin Shen, Pengfei Zhang, Hekang Li, Qiujiang Guo, Zhen Wang, Chao Song, H. Wang, Dong-Ling Deng","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-03157-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-025-03157-4","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum computers hold the potential to surpass classical computers in solving complex computational problems. The fragility of quantum information and the error-prone nature of quantum operations necessitate the use of quantum error correction codes to achieve fault-tolerant quantum computing. However, most codes that have been demonstrated so far suffer from low encoding efficiency, and their scalability is hindered by prohibitively high resource overheads. Here we use a 32-qubit quantum processor to demonstrate two low-overhead quantum low-density parity-check codes, a distance-4 bivariate bicycle code and a distance-3 punctured bivariate bicycle code. Utilizing a two-dimensional architecture with overlapping long-range couplers connecting the qubits, we demonstrate the simultaneous measurements of all non-local weight-6 stabilizers via the periodic execution of an efficient syndrome extraction circuit. We achieve a logical error rate per logical qubit per cycle of (8.91 ± 0.17)% for the bivariate bicycle code with four logical qubits and (7.77 ± 0.12)% for the punctured bivariate bicycle code with six logical qubits. Our results establish the feasibility of performing quantum error correction with long-range coupled superconducting processors, demonstrating the viability of low-overhead quantum error correction. Quantum low-density parity-check error correction codes are anticipated to deliver high performance, but require long-range qubit–qubit interactions. Two of these error correction codes have now been successfully implemented on a superconducting device.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"22 2","pages":"308-314"},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-03134-x
Yoji Nabei, Cong Yang, Hong Sun, Hana Jones, Thuc Mai, Tian Wang, Rikard Bodin, Binod Pandey, Ziqi Wang, Yuzan Xiong, Andrew H. Comstock, Benjamin Ewing, John Bingen, Rui Sun, Dmitry Smirnov, Wei Zhang, Axel Hoffmann, Rahul Rao, Ming Hu, Z. Valy Vardeny, Binghai Yan, Xiaosong Li, Jun Zhou, Jun Liu, Dali Sun
The orbital angular momentum of electrons presents exciting opportunities for developing energy-efficient, low-power magnetic devices. Typically, the generation of orbital currents is driven by the transfer of orbital angular momentum from 3d transition metal magnets, either through the application of an electric field using the orbital Hall effect or through magnetization dynamics. Chiral phonons are quantized lattice vibrations that carry non-zero angular momentum due to the circular motion of atoms. An interplay of chiral phonon dynamics and electrons would enable the direct generation of orbital angular momentum, even without the need for magnetic elements. Here we experimentally demonstrate the generation of orbital currents from chiral phonons activated in the chiral insulator α-quartz under an applied magnetic field and a temperature gradient. We refer to this phenomenon as the orbital Seebeck effect. The generated orbital current is selectively detected in tungsten and titanium films deposited on quartz through the inverse orbital Hall effect. Our findings hold promise for orbitronics based on chiral phonons in non-magnetic insulators and shed light on the fundamental understanding of chiral phonons and their interaction with electron orbitals. Generation of orbital currents in a non-magnetic material can be useful to build efficient orbitronic devices. Now, the interplay of chiral phonons and electrons is shown to produce orbital currents in α-quartz.
{"title":"Orbital Seebeck effect induced by chiral phonons","authors":"Yoji Nabei, Cong Yang, Hong Sun, Hana Jones, Thuc Mai, Tian Wang, Rikard Bodin, Binod Pandey, Ziqi Wang, Yuzan Xiong, Andrew H. Comstock, Benjamin Ewing, John Bingen, Rui Sun, Dmitry Smirnov, Wei Zhang, Axel Hoffmann, Rahul Rao, Ming Hu, Z. Valy Vardeny, Binghai Yan, Xiaosong Li, Jun Zhou, Jun Liu, Dali Sun","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-03134-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-025-03134-x","url":null,"abstract":"The orbital angular momentum of electrons presents exciting opportunities for developing energy-efficient, low-power magnetic devices. Typically, the generation of orbital currents is driven by the transfer of orbital angular momentum from 3d transition metal magnets, either through the application of an electric field using the orbital Hall effect or through magnetization dynamics. Chiral phonons are quantized lattice vibrations that carry non-zero angular momentum due to the circular motion of atoms. An interplay of chiral phonon dynamics and electrons would enable the direct generation of orbital angular momentum, even without the need for magnetic elements. Here we experimentally demonstrate the generation of orbital currents from chiral phonons activated in the chiral insulator α-quartz under an applied magnetic field and a temperature gradient. We refer to this phenomenon as the orbital Seebeck effect. The generated orbital current is selectively detected in tungsten and titanium films deposited on quartz through the inverse orbital Hall effect. Our findings hold promise for orbitronics based on chiral phonons in non-magnetic insulators and shed light on the fundamental understanding of chiral phonons and their interaction with electron orbitals. Generation of orbital currents in a non-magnetic material can be useful to build efficient orbitronic devices. Now, the interplay of chiral phonons and electrons is shown to produce orbital currents in α-quartz.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"22 2","pages":"245-251"},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146006256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-03139-6
Takashi Kikkawa
Chiral phonons, quasiparticles of lattice vibrations arising from circular atomic motion, hold potential as carriers of angular momentum for next-generation technologies. Experiments show that they can generate orbital currents under thermal gradients.
{"title":"Orbital current from phonons","authors":"Takashi Kikkawa","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-03139-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-025-03139-6","url":null,"abstract":"Chiral phonons, quasiparticles of lattice vibrations arising from circular atomic motion, hold potential as carriers of angular momentum for next-generation technologies. Experiments show that they can generate orbital currents under thermal gradients.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"22 2","pages":"178-179"},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146032994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The supermoiré lattice, arising from the interference of multiple moiré patterns, reshapes the electronic band structure of the material that hosts it by introducing new mini bands and modifying the band dispersion. Concurrently, strong electronic interactions within the flat bands induced by the moiré pattern lead to the emergence of various correlated states. However, the impact of the supermoiré lattice on the flat band system with strong interactions remains largely unexplored. Here we report the existence of the supermoiré lattice in twisted trilayer graphene with broken mirror symmetry and elucidate its role in generating mini flat bands and mini Dirac bands. We demonstrate interaction-induced symmetry-broken phases in the supermoiré mini flat bands alongside a cascade of superconductor–insulator transitions enabled by the supermoiré lattice. Our work shows that robust superconductivity can exist in twisted trilayer graphene with broken mirror symmetry and underscores the importance of the supermoiré lattice as an additional degree of freedom for tuning the electronic properties in twisted multilayer systems. It also sheds light on the correlated quantum phases such as superconductivity in the original moiré flat bands, and highlights the potential of using the supermoiré lattice to design and simulate quantum phases. When two moiré patterns interfere with each other, they produce a longer-wavelength supermoiré pattern. Now, the effects of a supermoiré lattice on the band structure and transport properties of twisted trilayer graphene is investigated.
{"title":"Strong correlations and superconductivity in the supermoiré lattice","authors":"Zekang Zhou, Cheng Shen, Kryštof Kolář, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Cyprian Lewandowski, Mitali Banerjee","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-03131-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-025-03131-0","url":null,"abstract":"The supermoiré lattice, arising from the interference of multiple moiré patterns, reshapes the electronic band structure of the material that hosts it by introducing new mini bands and modifying the band dispersion. Concurrently, strong electronic interactions within the flat bands induced by the moiré pattern lead to the emergence of various correlated states. However, the impact of the supermoiré lattice on the flat band system with strong interactions remains largely unexplored. Here we report the existence of the supermoiré lattice in twisted trilayer graphene with broken mirror symmetry and elucidate its role in generating mini flat bands and mini Dirac bands. We demonstrate interaction-induced symmetry-broken phases in the supermoiré mini flat bands alongside a cascade of superconductor–insulator transitions enabled by the supermoiré lattice. Our work shows that robust superconductivity can exist in twisted trilayer graphene with broken mirror symmetry and underscores the importance of the supermoiré lattice as an additional degree of freedom for tuning the electronic properties in twisted multilayer systems. It also sheds light on the correlated quantum phases such as superconductivity in the original moiré flat bands, and highlights the potential of using the supermoiré lattice to design and simulate quantum phases. When two moiré patterns interfere with each other, they produce a longer-wavelength supermoiré pattern. Now, the effects of a supermoiré lattice on the band structure and transport properties of twisted trilayer graphene is investigated.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"22 2","pages":"225-231"},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146006258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-03144-9
Laurin E. Fischer, Matea Leahy, Andrew Eddins, Nathan Keenan, Davide Ferracin, Matteo A. C. Rossi, Youngseok Kim, Andre He, Francesca Pietracaprina, Boris Sokolov, Shane Dooley, Zoltán Zimborás, Francesco Tacchino, Sabrina Maniscalco, John Goold, Guillermo García-Pérez, Ivano Tavernelli, Abhinav Kandala, Sergey N. Filippov
Quantum circuits with local unitaries offer a platform to explore many-body quantum dynamics in discrete time. Their locality makes them suitable for current processors, but verification at scale is difficult for non-integrable systems. Here we study dual-unitary circuits, which are maximally chaotic yet permit exact analytical solutions for certain correlation functions. Using improved noise-learning and error-mitigation methods, we show that a superconducting quantum processor with 91 qubits is able to accurately simulate these correlators. We then perturb the circuits away from the dual-unitary point and benchmark the dynamics against tensor-network simulations. These results establish error-mitigated digital quantum simulation on pre-fault-tolerant processors as a reliable tool to explore emergent quantum many-body phases. Studying many-body quantum chaos on current quantum hardware is hindered by noise and limited scalability. Now it is shown that a superconducting processor, combined with error mitigation, can accurately simulate dual-unitary circuit dynamics.
{"title":"Dynamical simulations of many-body quantum chaos on a quantum computer","authors":"Laurin E. Fischer, Matea Leahy, Andrew Eddins, Nathan Keenan, Davide Ferracin, Matteo A. C. Rossi, Youngseok Kim, Andre He, Francesca Pietracaprina, Boris Sokolov, Shane Dooley, Zoltán Zimborás, Francesco Tacchino, Sabrina Maniscalco, John Goold, Guillermo García-Pérez, Ivano Tavernelli, Abhinav Kandala, Sergey N. Filippov","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-03144-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-025-03144-9","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum circuits with local unitaries offer a platform to explore many-body quantum dynamics in discrete time. Their locality makes them suitable for current processors, but verification at scale is difficult for non-integrable systems. Here we study dual-unitary circuits, which are maximally chaotic yet permit exact analytical solutions for certain correlation functions. Using improved noise-learning and error-mitigation methods, we show that a superconducting quantum processor with 91 qubits is able to accurately simulate these correlators. We then perturb the circuits away from the dual-unitary point and benchmark the dynamics against tensor-network simulations. These results establish error-mitigated digital quantum simulation on pre-fault-tolerant processors as a reliable tool to explore emergent quantum many-body phases. Studying many-body quantum chaos on current quantum hardware is hindered by noise and limited scalability. Now it is shown that a superconducting processor, combined with error mitigation, can accurately simulate dual-unitary circuit dynamics.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"22 2","pages":"302-307"},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146006255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-03132-z
Vivek Pareek, David R. Bacon, Xing Zhu, Yang-Hao Chan, Fabio Bussolotti, Marcos G. Menezes, Nicholas S. Chan, Joel Pérez Urquizo, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Enrico Perfetto, Michael K. L. Man, Julien Madéo, Gianluca Stefanucci, Diana Y. Qiu, Kuan Eng Johnson Goh, Felipe H. da Jornada, Keshav M. Dani
Floquet engineering, in which an intense optical field modifies the electronic structure of a material, offers a route to the control of quantum and topological properties. However, it is challenging to realize this in experiments due to relatively weak light–matter coupling and the dominance of detrimental effects, such as multi-photon absorption and sample heating. Here we use time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to show that in a monolayer semiconductor, Floquet effects caused by an excitonic field—the time-periodic oscillations of the self-energy of an electron bound to a hole—are two orders of magnitude stronger and persist longer than optically driven counterparts. Our measurements directly capture the hybridization between the exciton-dressed conduction band and the valence band in two-dimensional semiconductors, in agreement with first-principles calculations. The onset of this hybridization with increasing exciton density also correlates with the Bose–Einstein condensation to Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer crossover, extensively discussed in theory for non-equilibrium excitonic insulators. These results establish exciton-driven Floquet engineering as a means for studying correlated electronic phases. Floquet engineering is often limited by weak light–matter coupling and heating. Now it is shown that exciton-driven fields in monolayer semiconductors produce stronger, longer-lived Floquet effects and reveal hybridization linked to excitonic phases.
{"title":"Driving Floquet physics with excitonic fields","authors":"Vivek Pareek, David R. Bacon, Xing Zhu, Yang-Hao Chan, Fabio Bussolotti, Marcos G. Menezes, Nicholas S. Chan, Joel Pérez Urquizo, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Enrico Perfetto, Michael K. L. Man, Julien Madéo, Gianluca Stefanucci, Diana Y. Qiu, Kuan Eng Johnson Goh, Felipe H. da Jornada, Keshav M. Dani","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-03132-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-025-03132-z","url":null,"abstract":"Floquet engineering, in which an intense optical field modifies the electronic structure of a material, offers a route to the control of quantum and topological properties. However, it is challenging to realize this in experiments due to relatively weak light–matter coupling and the dominance of detrimental effects, such as multi-photon absorption and sample heating. Here we use time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to show that in a monolayer semiconductor, Floquet effects caused by an excitonic field—the time-periodic oscillations of the self-energy of an electron bound to a hole—are two orders of magnitude stronger and persist longer than optically driven counterparts. Our measurements directly capture the hybridization between the exciton-dressed conduction band and the valence band in two-dimensional semiconductors, in agreement with first-principles calculations. The onset of this hybridization with increasing exciton density also correlates with the Bose–Einstein condensation to Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer crossover, extensively discussed in theory for non-equilibrium excitonic insulators. These results establish exciton-driven Floquet engineering as a means for studying correlated electronic phases. Floquet engineering is often limited by weak light–matter coupling and heating. Now it is shown that exciton-driven fields in monolayer semiconductors produce stronger, longer-lived Floquet effects and reveal hybridization linked to excitonic phases.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"22 2","pages":"209-217"},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146006257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-03159-2
Andreas Neophytou
Suspensions of colloidal hard spheres are excellent model systems for studying glass dynamics. Adding tracer particles enables a hydrodynamic approach for probing the glass transition.
{"title":"Tracing dynamic arrest","authors":"Andreas Neophytou","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-03159-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-025-03159-2","url":null,"abstract":"Suspensions of colloidal hard spheres are excellent model systems for studying glass dynamics. Adding tracer particles enables a hydrodynamic approach for probing the glass transition.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"22 2","pages":"180-181"},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146176687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-03146-7
Junho Seo, Chunyu Mark Guo, Carsten Putzke, Xiangwei Huang, Berit H. Goodge, Yip Chun Wong, Mark H. Fischer, Titus Neupert, Philip J. W. Moll
Strong magnetic fields applied to metals confine electrons into Landau orbits, except at the boundaries at which frequent surface collisions disrupt their cyclotron motion. In two-dimensional systems, these boundary states form dissipationless chiral edge channels in the quantum Hall regime. By contrast, the quantum limit of three-dimensional (3D) metals is traditionally thought to differ fundamentally and instead contains gapless Landau bands, lacking quantized Hall conductance or dissipationless transport. Here we demonstrate enhanced surface conduction in the quantum limit of the 3D semimetal bismuth, characterized by the counterintuitive increase in conductivity as material is removed by micropatterning. The conductance of the 3D chiral boundary states—3D analogues of quantum Hall states in two dimensions—naturally accounts for this behaviour and for the highly non-local transport observed in micrometre-sized crystalline bismuth structures. These findings introduce an approach for engineering and exploiting chiral conduction on the surfaces of 3D materials, offering a design space for geometries beyond the simple one-dimensional boundary modes of two-dimensional systems. The properties of electronic transport through edge states of three-dimensional quantum Hall-like states are not yet resolved. Now, increasing the surface area of the edges is shown to produce increased conductance, suggesting that chiral surface states are present.
{"title":"Transport evidence for chiral surface states from three-dimensional Landau bands","authors":"Junho Seo, Chunyu Mark Guo, Carsten Putzke, Xiangwei Huang, Berit H. Goodge, Yip Chun Wong, Mark H. Fischer, Titus Neupert, Philip J. W. Moll","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-03146-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-025-03146-7","url":null,"abstract":"Strong magnetic fields applied to metals confine electrons into Landau orbits, except at the boundaries at which frequent surface collisions disrupt their cyclotron motion. In two-dimensional systems, these boundary states form dissipationless chiral edge channels in the quantum Hall regime. By contrast, the quantum limit of three-dimensional (3D) metals is traditionally thought to differ fundamentally and instead contains gapless Landau bands, lacking quantized Hall conductance or dissipationless transport. Here we demonstrate enhanced surface conduction in the quantum limit of the 3D semimetal bismuth, characterized by the counterintuitive increase in conductivity as material is removed by micropatterning. The conductance of the 3D chiral boundary states—3D analogues of quantum Hall states in two dimensions—naturally accounts for this behaviour and for the highly non-local transport observed in micrometre-sized crystalline bismuth structures. These findings introduce an approach for engineering and exploiting chiral conduction on the surfaces of 3D materials, offering a design space for geometries beyond the simple one-dimensional boundary modes of two-dimensional systems. The properties of electronic transport through edge states of three-dimensional quantum Hall-like states are not yet resolved. Now, increasing the surface area of the edges is shown to produce increased conductance, suggesting that chiral surface states are present.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"22 2","pages":"232-238"},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-025-03146-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145993483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-03140-z
Patrick Laermann, Haim Diamant, Yael Roichman, Ivo Buttinoni, Manuel A. Escobedo-Sánchez, Stefan U. Egelhaaf
At the glass transition, a liquid transforms into an amorphous solid. Despite minimal structural rearrangements, this transition is accompanied by a dramatic dynamical slowdown. These features render the transition’s experimental determination and theoretical understanding challenging. Here we introduce a new framework that uses two-particle correlations and a model-free theoretical description to investigate the dynamics of glass-forming colloidal suspensions indirectly. Using the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, we relate equilibrium thermal fluctuations of pairs of tracer particles to the underlying response properties of the system. We measure the correlated motion of tracer particles caused by the solvent at short timescales and find three distinct signatures signalling the onset of the glass transition. The correlations in the thermal motions of tracer pairs exhibit a changing decay behaviour with their relative distance; a length scale related to this decay steeply increases; and a notable sign reversal is observed in specific correlations. Our findings establish a connection between the colloidal glass transition and the breaking of the translational symmetry in the dispersion medium, thereby revealing fundamental aspects of the glass transitions. Colloidal suspensions are known to display a glass transition. Now, insights into this transition, via its effect on the solvent, are gained by probing the correlated motion of tracer particles in such systems.
{"title":"Emergent signatures of the glass transition in colloidal suspensions","authors":"Patrick Laermann, Haim Diamant, Yael Roichman, Ivo Buttinoni, Manuel A. Escobedo-Sánchez, Stefan U. Egelhaaf","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-03140-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-025-03140-z","url":null,"abstract":"At the glass transition, a liquid transforms into an amorphous solid. Despite minimal structural rearrangements, this transition is accompanied by a dramatic dynamical slowdown. These features render the transition’s experimental determination and theoretical understanding challenging. Here we introduce a new framework that uses two-particle correlations and a model-free theoretical description to investigate the dynamics of glass-forming colloidal suspensions indirectly. Using the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, we relate equilibrium thermal fluctuations of pairs of tracer particles to the underlying response properties of the system. We measure the correlated motion of tracer particles caused by the solvent at short timescales and find three distinct signatures signalling the onset of the glass transition. The correlations in the thermal motions of tracer pairs exhibit a changing decay behaviour with their relative distance; a length scale related to this decay steeply increases; and a notable sign reversal is observed in specific correlations. Our findings establish a connection between the colloidal glass transition and the breaking of the translational symmetry in the dispersion medium, thereby revealing fundamental aspects of the glass transitions. Colloidal suspensions are known to display a glass transition. Now, insights into this transition, via its effect on the solvent, are gained by probing the correlated motion of tracer particles in such systems.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"22 2","pages":"265-274"},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-025-03140-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145993493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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