Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-03138-7
Vladimir N. Litvinenko, Nikhil Bachhawat, Jean Clifford Brutus, Luca Cultrera, Kenneth Decker, Mengjia Gaowei, Patrick Inacker, Yichao Jing, Jun Ma, Kali Prasanna Mondal, Geetha Narayan, Igor Pinayev, Freddy Severino, Kai Shih, John Skaritka, Loralie Smart, Yatming Than, John Walsh, Erdong Wang, Gang Wang, Dan Weiss
Polarized electrons play an important role in high-energy and nuclear physics, and their properties have also been exploited in ultrafast electron microscopy. Currently, gallium arsenide crystals illuminated by circular polarized infrared laser light are commonly used for generating polarized electrons. However, the achievable accelerating voltage and the gradient of these electrostatic sources limit the beam quality and quantity. A solution could be to combine gallium arsenide photocathodes with radio-frequency electron guns, which are capable of accelerating beams with significantly higher gradients and voltage. Here we report the successful operation of a gallium arsenide photocathode in a superconducting radio-frequency gun. Our findings are relevant for future sources of polarized electrons. Gallium arsenide photocathodes inside a superconducting radio-frequency gun are a promising source of polarized electrons for future colliders. Now the operation of such a source has been demonstrated.
{"title":"Towards advanced polarized electron sources","authors":"Vladimir N. Litvinenko, Nikhil Bachhawat, Jean Clifford Brutus, Luca Cultrera, Kenneth Decker, Mengjia Gaowei, Patrick Inacker, Yichao Jing, Jun Ma, Kali Prasanna Mondal, Geetha Narayan, Igor Pinayev, Freddy Severino, Kai Shih, John Skaritka, Loralie Smart, Yatming Than, John Walsh, Erdong Wang, Gang Wang, Dan Weiss","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-03138-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-025-03138-7","url":null,"abstract":"Polarized electrons play an important role in high-energy and nuclear physics, and their properties have also been exploited in ultrafast electron microscopy. Currently, gallium arsenide crystals illuminated by circular polarized infrared laser light are commonly used for generating polarized electrons. However, the achievable accelerating voltage and the gradient of these electrostatic sources limit the beam quality and quantity. A solution could be to combine gallium arsenide photocathodes with radio-frequency electron guns, which are capable of accelerating beams with significantly higher gradients and voltage. Here we report the successful operation of a gallium arsenide photocathode in a superconducting radio-frequency gun. Our findings are relevant for future sources of polarized electrons. Gallium arsenide photocathodes inside a superconducting radio-frequency gun are a promising source of polarized electrons for future colliders. Now the operation of such a source has been demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"22 2","pages":"325-330"},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-025-03138-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146102096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-03164-5
Masao Kuriki
Spin-polarized electron beams are important for fundamental physics, but they could only be generated using DC electron guns. Now, a radiofrequency electron gun for polarized electrons has been realized, promising to overcome beam quality limitations.
{"title":"Radiofrequency gun for spin-polarized electron beams","authors":"Masao Kuriki","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-03164-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-025-03164-5","url":null,"abstract":"Spin-polarized electron beams are important for fundamental physics, but they could only be generated using DC electron guns. Now, a radiofrequency electron gun for polarized electrons has been realized, promising to overcome beam quality limitations.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"22 2","pages":"186-187"},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03172-z
Xilin Feng, Tianwei Wu, Li Ge, Liang Feng
Topological interface states in quantum spin Hall systems, which are characterized by spin–momentum locking, enable robust unidirectional propagation for each spin component. Conventionally, such interfaces support only a single topological state in each propagation direction. This limitation impedes applications, such as those requiring multichannel signal switching. Here we demonstrate co-propagating topological interface states in a photonic topological insulator system. This is enabled by a hybridized pseudo-spin-flipping coupling mechanism that occurs across the interface between two topologically identical domains. The coupling mechanism facilitates power transfer and mode switching, which inherit the topological protection of the underlying states in each domain. The incorporation of optical gain further activates flexible switching, even in the presence of geometric defects. Our work introduces a strategy for multichannel topological photonics that could control light propagation in photonic integrated circuits.
{"title":"Co-propagating photonic topological interface states with hybridized pseudo-spins","authors":"Xilin Feng, Tianwei Wu, Li Ge, Liang Feng","doi":"10.1038/s41567-026-03172-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-026-03172-z","url":null,"abstract":"Topological interface states in quantum spin Hall systems, which are characterized by spin–momentum locking, enable robust unidirectional propagation for each spin component. Conventionally, such interfaces support only a single topological state in each propagation direction. This limitation impedes applications, such as those requiring multichannel signal switching. Here we demonstrate co-propagating topological interface states in a photonic topological insulator system. This is enabled by a hybridized pseudo-spin-flipping coupling mechanism that occurs across the interface between two topologically identical domains. The coupling mechanism facilitates power transfer and mode switching, which inherit the topological protection of the underlying states in each domain. The incorporation of optical gain further activates flexible switching, even in the presence of geometric defects. Our work introduces a strategy for multichannel topological photonics that could control light propagation in photonic integrated circuits.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146102082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-03167-2
Heonjoon Park, Weijie Li, Chaowei Hu, Christiano Beach, Miguel Gonçalves, Juan Felipe Mendez-Valderrama, Jonah Herzog-Arbeitman, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, David Cobden, Liang Fu, B. Andrei Bernevig, Nicolas Regnault, Jiun-Haw Chu, Di Xiao, Xiaodong Xu
{"title":"Observation of dissipationless fractional Chern insulator","authors":"Heonjoon Park, Weijie Li, Chaowei Hu, Christiano Beach, Miguel Gonçalves, Juan Felipe Mendez-Valderrama, Jonah Herzog-Arbeitman, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, David Cobden, Liang Fu, B. Andrei Bernevig, Nicolas Regnault, Jiun-Haw Chu, Di Xiao, Xiaodong Xu","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-03167-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-03167-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146089266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-03090-6
Ilya Besedin, Michael Kerschbaum, Jonathan Knoll, Ian Hesner, Lukas Bödeker, Luis Colmenarez, Luca Hofele, Nathan Lacroix, Christoph Hellings, François Swiadek, Alexander Flasby, Mohsen Bahrami Panah, Dante Colao Zanuz, Markus Müller, Andreas Wallraff
Quantum error correction is needed for quantum computers to be capable of executing algorithms using hundreds of logical qubits in a fault-tolerant manner. Recent experiments have progressed towards this by demonstrating sufficiently low error rates for state preservation of a single logical qubit. However, quantum computation algorithms also require that these logical qubits can be entangled and that gate operations can be performed on them. Lattice surgery is a technique that offers a practical approach for implementing such gates, particularly in planar quantum processor layouts. Here we demonstrate lattice surgery between two distance-three repetition-code qubits by splitting a single distance-three surface-code qubit. Using a quantum circuit that is fault-tolerant for bit-flip errors, we achieve an improvement in the value of the decoded ZZ logical two-qubit observable compared with a similar non-encoded circuit. We therefore demonstrate the functional building blocks needed for lattice-surgery operations on larger-distance codes based on superconducting circuits. Quantum error correction codes protect quantum information, but running algorithms also requires the ability to perform gates on logical qubits. A lattice surgery scheme for fault-tolerant gates has now been demonstrated in a quantum repetition code.
{"title":"Lattice surgery realized on two distance-three repetition codes with superconducting qubits","authors":"Ilya Besedin, Michael Kerschbaum, Jonathan Knoll, Ian Hesner, Lukas Bödeker, Luis Colmenarez, Luca Hofele, Nathan Lacroix, Christoph Hellings, François Swiadek, Alexander Flasby, Mohsen Bahrami Panah, Dante Colao Zanuz, Markus Müller, Andreas Wallraff","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-03090-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-025-03090-6","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum error correction is needed for quantum computers to be capable of executing algorithms using hundreds of logical qubits in a fault-tolerant manner. Recent experiments have progressed towards this by demonstrating sufficiently low error rates for state preservation of a single logical qubit. However, quantum computation algorithms also require that these logical qubits can be entangled and that gate operations can be performed on them. Lattice surgery is a technique that offers a practical approach for implementing such gates, particularly in planar quantum processor layouts. Here we demonstrate lattice surgery between two distance-three repetition-code qubits by splitting a single distance-three surface-code qubit. Using a quantum circuit that is fault-tolerant for bit-flip errors, we achieve an improvement in the value of the decoded ZZ logical two-qubit observable compared with a similar non-encoded circuit. We therefore demonstrate the functional building blocks needed for lattice-surgery operations on larger-distance codes based on superconducting circuits. Quantum error correction codes protect quantum information, but running algorithms also requires the ability to perform gates on logical qubits. A lattice surgery scheme for fault-tolerant gates has now been demonstrated in a quantum repetition code.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"22 2","pages":"189-194"},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-025-03090-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146089263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-03110-5
Murphy Yuezhen Niu
The race to demonstrate quantum error correction often focuses on making ever-larger devices. A demonstration showing that splitting a surface-code logical qubit into two simpler repetition codes substantially reduces logical gate errors reminds us that advancing quantum computing does not hinge solely on scaling qubit numbers.
{"title":"Quantum computing isn’t just about scaling","authors":"Murphy Yuezhen Niu","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-03110-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-025-03110-5","url":null,"abstract":"The race to demonstrate quantum error correction often focuses on making ever-larger devices. A demonstration showing that splitting a surface-code logical qubit into two simpler repetition codes substantially reduces logical gate errors reminds us that advancing quantum computing does not hinge solely on scaling qubit numbers.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"22 2","pages":"176-177"},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146089262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-03158-3
Johannes M. Keegstra, Fotios Avgidis, Evan Usher, Yuval Mulla, John S. Parkinson, Thomas S. Shimizu
Cooperative interactions within large protein assemblies are crucial for cellular information processing. However, direct observations of cooperative transitions have been limited to compact molecular assemblies. Here we report the in vivo measurements of spontaneous discrete-level transitions in the activity of an entire Escherichia coli chemosensory array—an extensive membrane-associated assembly comprising thousands of molecules. Finite-size scaling analysis of the temporal statistics reveals nearest-neighbour coupling strengths within 3% of the Ising phase transition, indicating that chemosensory arrays are poised at criticality. We also show how E. coli exploits both static and dynamic disorder, arising from chemoreceptor mixing and sensory adaptation, respectively, to temper the near-critical dynamics. This tempering eliminates detrimental slowing of response while retaining substantial signal gain as well as an ability to modulate physiologically relevant signal noise. These results identify near-critical cooperativity as a design principle for balancing the inherent trade-off between response amplitude and response speed in higher-order signalling assemblies.
{"title":"Spontaneous switching in a protein signalling array reveals near-critical cooperativity","authors":"Johannes M. Keegstra, Fotios Avgidis, Evan Usher, Yuval Mulla, John S. Parkinson, Thomas S. Shimizu","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-03158-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-03158-3","url":null,"abstract":"Cooperative interactions within large protein assemblies are crucial for cellular information processing. However, direct observations of cooperative transitions have been limited to compact molecular assemblies. Here we report the in vivo measurements of spontaneous discrete-level transitions in the activity of an entire <jats:italic>Escherichia coli</jats:italic> chemosensory array—an extensive membrane-associated assembly comprising thousands of molecules. Finite-size scaling analysis of the temporal statistics reveals nearest-neighbour coupling strengths within 3% of the Ising phase transition, indicating that chemosensory arrays are poised at criticality. We also show how <jats:italic>E. coli</jats:italic> exploits both static and dynamic disorder, arising from chemoreceptor mixing and sensory adaptation, respectively, to temper the near-critical dynamics. This tempering eliminates detrimental slowing of response while retaining substantial signal gain as well as an ability to modulate physiologically relevant signal noise. These results identify near-critical cooperativity as a design principle for balancing the inherent trade-off between response amplitude and response speed in higher-order signalling assemblies.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146089264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-03148-5
Jingyi Chen, Haonan Jin, Ethan L. Arnold, Gerrit van der Laan, Thorsten Hesjedal, Shilei Zhang
Non-collinear spin textures, such as spin spirals and skyrmions, exhibit rich emergent physics in their spin dynamics. Nevertheless, the potential to utilize their distinctive spin resonance characteristics for on-chip microwave magnonic applications is rarely explored. Here we demonstrate microwave emission and mode coupling from the resonating spin spiral lattice in a Cu2OSeO3/Pt/NiFe heterostructure. We use time-resolved resonant elastic X-ray scattering to visualize the exact vectorial spin precession modes from the two magnetic species in real time. Our results show that the ferromagnetic NiFe layer dynamically captures the excitation modes of the conical order in helimagnet Cu2OSeO3. The off-resonance NiFe spin precession is phase locked to the helimagnet with a fixed offset, thereby presenting distinct chiral dynamics. This demonstrates that the magnons produced in the process—referred to as helimagnons—can wirelessly transmit spin information at gigahertz frequencies, opening new avenues for on-chip microwave magnonics. Understanding microwave emission from resonating spin spirals is key for on-chip magnonics. Now, real-time spin precession modes with distinct microwave patterns are captured in a helimagnet/ferromagnet heterostructure.
{"title":"Mode locking between helimagnetism and ferromagnetism","authors":"Jingyi Chen, Haonan Jin, Ethan L. Arnold, Gerrit van der Laan, Thorsten Hesjedal, Shilei Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-03148-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-025-03148-5","url":null,"abstract":"Non-collinear spin textures, such as spin spirals and skyrmions, exhibit rich emergent physics in their spin dynamics. Nevertheless, the potential to utilize their distinctive spin resonance characteristics for on-chip microwave magnonic applications is rarely explored. Here we demonstrate microwave emission and mode coupling from the resonating spin spiral lattice in a Cu2OSeO3/Pt/NiFe heterostructure. We use time-resolved resonant elastic X-ray scattering to visualize the exact vectorial spin precession modes from the two magnetic species in real time. Our results show that the ferromagnetic NiFe layer dynamically captures the excitation modes of the conical order in helimagnet Cu2OSeO3. The off-resonance NiFe spin precession is phase locked to the helimagnet with a fixed offset, thereby presenting distinct chiral dynamics. This demonstrates that the magnons produced in the process—referred to as helimagnons—can wirelessly transmit spin information at gigahertz frequencies, opening new avenues for on-chip microwave magnonics. Understanding microwave emission from resonating spin spirals is key for on-chip magnonics. Now, real-time spin precession modes with distinct microwave patterns are captured in a helimagnet/ferromagnet heterostructure.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"22 2","pages":"259-264"},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146057199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-03161-8
Haoyuan Li, Nan Wang, Leon Zhang, Sanghoon Song, Yanwen Sun, May-Ling Ng, Takahiro Sato, Dillon Hanlon, Sajal Dahal, Mario D. Balcazar, Vincent Esposito, Selene She, Chance Caleb Ornelas-Skarin, Joan Vila-Comamala, Christian David, Nadia Berndt, Peter R. Miedaner, Zhuquan Zhang, Matthias Ihme, Mariano Trigo, Keith A. Nelson, Jerome B. Hastings, Alexei A. Maznev, Laura Foglia, Samuel Teitelbaum, David A. Reis, Diling Zhu
Ultrafast optical laser-based techniques have enabled the probing of atomistic processes at their intrinsic temporal scales with femto- and attosecond resolution. However, the long wavelengths of optical lasers have prevented their interrogation and manipulation with nanoscale spatial specificity. Advances in hard X-ray free-electron lasers have enabled progress in developing X-ray transient-grating spectroscopy, a technique that aims to coherently control elementary excitations with nanoscale X-ray standing waves. Thus far, the realization of this technique at the nanoscale has been a challenge. Here we demonstrate X-ray transient-grating spectroscopy with spatial periods of the order of 10 nm via the subfemtosecond synchronization of two hard X-ray pump pulses at a precisely controlled crossing angle. This creates a thermal grating and preferentially excites coherent longitudinal acoustic phonon modes with the transient-grating wavevector. On probing with a third, variably delayed, X-ray pulse with the same photon energy, time-and-wavevector-resolved measurements of the modulation of the induced scattering intensity provide evidence of ballistic thermal transport at nanometre scales. These results highlight the potential of X-ray transient gratings as a powerful platform for studying nanoscale transport in condensed matter and the coherent control of nanoscale dynamics.
{"title":"Nanoscale ultrafast lattice modulation with a free-electron laser","authors":"Haoyuan Li, Nan Wang, Leon Zhang, Sanghoon Song, Yanwen Sun, May-Ling Ng, Takahiro Sato, Dillon Hanlon, Sajal Dahal, Mario D. Balcazar, Vincent Esposito, Selene She, Chance Caleb Ornelas-Skarin, Joan Vila-Comamala, Christian David, Nadia Berndt, Peter R. Miedaner, Zhuquan Zhang, Matthias Ihme, Mariano Trigo, Keith A. Nelson, Jerome B. Hastings, Alexei A. Maznev, Laura Foglia, Samuel Teitelbaum, David A. Reis, Diling Zhu","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-03161-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-03161-8","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrafast optical laser-based techniques have enabled the probing of atomistic processes at their intrinsic temporal scales with femto- and attosecond resolution. However, the long wavelengths of optical lasers have prevented their interrogation and manipulation with nanoscale spatial specificity. Advances in hard X-ray free-electron lasers have enabled progress in developing X-ray transient-grating spectroscopy, a technique that aims to coherently control elementary excitations with nanoscale X-ray standing waves. Thus far, the realization of this technique at the nanoscale has been a challenge. Here we demonstrate X-ray transient-grating spectroscopy with spatial periods of the order of 10 nm via the subfemtosecond synchronization of two hard X-ray pump pulses at a precisely controlled crossing angle. This creates a thermal grating and preferentially excites coherent longitudinal acoustic phonon modes with the transient-grating wavevector. On probing with a third, variably delayed, X-ray pulse with the same photon energy, time-and-wavevector-resolved measurements of the modulation of the induced scattering intensity provide evidence of ballistic thermal transport at nanometre scales. These results highlight the potential of X-ray transient gratings as a powerful platform for studying nanoscale transport in condensed matter and the coherent control of nanoscale dynamics.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146057202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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