Pub Date : 2026-02-04DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-03154-7
Archishna Bhattacharyya, Eric Culf
{"title":"Uncloneable encryption from decoupling","authors":"Archishna Bhattacharyya, Eric Culf","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-03154-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-03154-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emergent non-reciprocity in active matter drives the formation of self-organized states that transcend the behaviours of equilibrium systems. Here we show that active solids composed of living starfish embryos spontaneously transition between stable fluctuating and stable oscillatory steady states. The non-equilibrium steady states arise from two distinct chiral symmetry-breaking mechanisms at the microscopic scale: the spinning of individual embryos resulting in a macroscopic odd elastic response and the precession of their rotation axis leading to active gyroelasticity. In the oscillatory state, we observe long-wavelength optical vibrational modes that can be excited through mechanical perturbations. These excitable non-reciprocal solids exhibit non-equilibrium work generation without cycling protocols, due to coupled vibrational modes. Our work introduces a new class of tunable non-equilibrium processes and offers a framework for designing and controlling soft robotic swarms and adaptive active materials while opening new possibilities for harnessing non-reciprocal interactions in engineered systems.
{"title":"Selective excitation of work-generating cycles in non-reciprocal living solids","authors":"Yu-Chen Chao, Shreyas Gokhale, Lisa Lin, Alasdair Hastewell, Alexandru Bacanu, Yuchao Chen, Junang Li, Jinghui Liu, Hyunseok Lee, Jörn Dunkel, Nikta Fakhri","doi":"10.1038/s41567-026-03178-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-026-03178-7","url":null,"abstract":"Emergent non-reciprocity in active matter drives the formation of self-organized states that transcend the behaviours of equilibrium systems. Here we show that active solids composed of living starfish embryos spontaneously transition between stable fluctuating and stable oscillatory steady states. The non-equilibrium steady states arise from two distinct chiral symmetry-breaking mechanisms at the microscopic scale: the spinning of individual embryos resulting in a macroscopic odd elastic response and the precession of their rotation axis leading to active gyroelasticity. In the oscillatory state, we observe long-wavelength optical vibrational modes that can be excited through mechanical perturbations. These excitable non-reciprocal solids exhibit non-equilibrium work generation without cycling protocols, due to coupled vibrational modes. Our work introduces a new class of tunable non-equilibrium processes and offers a framework for designing and controlling soft robotic swarms and adaptive active materials while opening new possibilities for harnessing non-reciprocal interactions in engineered systems.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"275 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146102081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-03138-7
Vladimir N. Litvinenko, Nikhil Bachhawat, Jean Clifford Brutus, Luca Cultrera, Kenneth Decker, Mengjia Gaowei, Patrick Inacker, Yichao Jing, Jun Ma, Kali Prasanna Mondal, Geetha Narayan, Igor Pinayev, Freddy Severino, Kai Shih, John Skaritka, Loralie Smart, Yatming Than, John Walsh, Erdong Wang, Gang Wang, Dan Weiss
Polarized electrons play an important role in high-energy and nuclear physics, and their properties have also been exploited in ultrafast electron microscopy. Currently, gallium arsenide crystals illuminated by circular polarized infrared laser light are commonly used for generating polarized electrons. However, the achievable accelerating voltage and the gradient of these electrostatic sources limit the beam quality and quantity. A solution could be to combine gallium arsenide photocathodes with radio-frequency electron guns, which are capable of accelerating beams with significantly higher gradients and voltage. Here we report the successful operation of a gallium arsenide photocathode in a superconducting radio-frequency gun. Our findings are relevant for future sources of polarized electrons.
{"title":"Towards advanced polarized electron sources","authors":"Vladimir N. Litvinenko, Nikhil Bachhawat, Jean Clifford Brutus, Luca Cultrera, Kenneth Decker, Mengjia Gaowei, Patrick Inacker, Yichao Jing, Jun Ma, Kali Prasanna Mondal, Geetha Narayan, Igor Pinayev, Freddy Severino, Kai Shih, John Skaritka, Loralie Smart, Yatming Than, John Walsh, Erdong Wang, Gang Wang, Dan Weiss","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-03138-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-03138-7","url":null,"abstract":"Polarized electrons play an important role in high-energy and nuclear physics, and their properties have also been exploited in ultrafast electron microscopy. Currently, gallium arsenide crystals illuminated by circular polarized infrared laser light are commonly used for generating polarized electrons. However, the achievable accelerating voltage and the gradient of these electrostatic sources limit the beam quality and quantity. A solution could be to combine gallium arsenide photocathodes with radio-frequency electron guns, which are capable of accelerating beams with significantly higher gradients and voltage. Here we report the successful operation of a gallium arsenide photocathode in a superconducting radio-frequency gun. Our findings are relevant for future sources of polarized electrons.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146102096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-03164-5
Masao Kuriki
{"title":"Radiofrequency gun for spin-polarized electron beams","authors":"Masao Kuriki","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-03164-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-03164-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03172-z
Xilin Feng, Tianwei Wu, Li Ge, Liang Feng
Topological interface states in quantum spin Hall systems, which are characterized by spin–momentum locking, enable robust unidirectional propagation for each spin component. Conventionally, such interfaces support only a single topological state in each propagation direction. This limitation impedes applications, such as those requiring multichannel signal switching. Here we demonstrate co-propagating topological interface states in a photonic topological insulator system. This is enabled by a hybridized pseudo-spin-flipping coupling mechanism that occurs across the interface between two topologically identical domains. The coupling mechanism facilitates power transfer and mode switching, which inherit the topological protection of the underlying states in each domain. The incorporation of optical gain further activates flexible switching, even in the presence of geometric defects. Our work introduces a strategy for multichannel topological photonics that could control light propagation in photonic integrated circuits.
{"title":"Co-propagating photonic topological interface states with hybridized pseudo-spins","authors":"Xilin Feng, Tianwei Wu, Li Ge, Liang Feng","doi":"10.1038/s41567-026-03172-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-026-03172-z","url":null,"abstract":"Topological interface states in quantum spin Hall systems, which are characterized by spin–momentum locking, enable robust unidirectional propagation for each spin component. Conventionally, such interfaces support only a single topological state in each propagation direction. This limitation impedes applications, such as those requiring multichannel signal switching. Here we demonstrate co-propagating topological interface states in a photonic topological insulator system. This is enabled by a hybridized pseudo-spin-flipping coupling mechanism that occurs across the interface between two topologically identical domains. The coupling mechanism facilitates power transfer and mode switching, which inherit the topological protection of the underlying states in each domain. The incorporation of optical gain further activates flexible switching, even in the presence of geometric defects. Our work introduces a strategy for multichannel topological photonics that could control light propagation in photonic integrated circuits.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146102082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-03167-2
Heonjoon Park, Weijie Li, Chaowei Hu, Christiano Beach, Miguel Gonçalves, Juan Felipe Mendez-Valderrama, Jonah Herzog-Arbeitman, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, David Cobden, Liang Fu, B. Andrei Bernevig, Nicolas Regnault, Jiun-Haw Chu, Di Xiao, Xiaodong Xu
{"title":"Observation of dissipationless fractional Chern insulator","authors":"Heonjoon Park, Weijie Li, Chaowei Hu, Christiano Beach, Miguel Gonçalves, Juan Felipe Mendez-Valderrama, Jonah Herzog-Arbeitman, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, David Cobden, Liang Fu, B. Andrei Bernevig, Nicolas Regnault, Jiun-Haw Chu, Di Xiao, Xiaodong Xu","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-03167-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-03167-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146089266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-03090-6
Ilya Besedin, Michael Kerschbaum, Jonathan Knoll, Ian Hesner, Lukas Bödeker, Luis Colmenarez, Luca Hofele, Nathan Lacroix, Christoph Hellings, François Swiadek, Alexander Flasby, Mohsen Bahrami Panah, Dante Colao Zanuz, Markus Müller, Andreas Wallraff
Quantum error correction is needed for quantum computers to be capable of executing algorithms using hundreds of logical qubits in a fault-tolerant manner. Recent experiments have progressed towards this by demonstrating sufficiently low error rates for state preservation of a single logical qubit. However, quantum computation algorithms also require that these logical qubits can be entangled and that gate operations can be performed on them. Lattice surgery is a technique that offers a practical approach for implementing such gates, particularly in planar quantum processor layouts. Here we demonstrate lattice surgery between two distance-three repetition-code qubits by splitting a single distance-three surface-code qubit. Using a quantum circuit that is fault-tolerant for bit-flip errors, we achieve an improvement in the value of the decoded ZZ logical two-qubit observable compared with a similar non-encoded circuit. We therefore demonstrate the functional building blocks needed for lattice-surgery operations on larger-distance codes based on superconducting circuits.
{"title":"Lattice surgery realized on two distance-three repetition codes with superconducting qubits","authors":"Ilya Besedin, Michael Kerschbaum, Jonathan Knoll, Ian Hesner, Lukas Bödeker, Luis Colmenarez, Luca Hofele, Nathan Lacroix, Christoph Hellings, François Swiadek, Alexander Flasby, Mohsen Bahrami Panah, Dante Colao Zanuz, Markus Müller, Andreas Wallraff","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-03090-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-03090-6","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum error correction is needed for quantum computers to be capable of executing algorithms using hundreds of logical qubits in a fault-tolerant manner. Recent experiments have progressed towards this by demonstrating sufficiently low error rates for state preservation of a single logical qubit. However, quantum computation algorithms also require that these logical qubits can be entangled and that gate operations can be performed on them. Lattice surgery is a technique that offers a practical approach for implementing such gates, particularly in planar quantum processor layouts. Here we demonstrate lattice surgery between two distance-three repetition-code qubits by splitting a single distance-three surface-code qubit. Using a quantum circuit that is fault-tolerant for bit-flip errors, we achieve an improvement in the value of the decoded <jats:italic>Z</jats:italic> <jats:italic>Z</jats:italic> logical two-qubit observable compared with a similar non-encoded circuit. We therefore demonstrate the functional building blocks needed for lattice-surgery operations on larger-distance codes based on superconducting circuits.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146089263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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