Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02640-8
Christian Heide, Yuki Kobayashi, Sheikh Rubaiat Ul Haque, Shambhu Ghimire
High-harmonic spectroscopy, an ultrafast all-optical technique initially conceptualized in atomic and molecular systems, has now emerged as a powerful platform for studying the structure and dynamics of condensed matter. Unlike that in the gas phase, solid-state high-harmonic generation relies on the fundamental response from high atomic density and periodicity, leading to interband transitions and coherent driving of electrons and holes in their respective bands. These mechanisms make high-harmonic spectroscopy particularly sensitive to the electronic band structure, topological properties and many-body correlations in condensed media. An advantage of high-harmonic spectroscopy over other spectroscopic methods is its ability to probe ultrafast phenomena, capturing femto- to attosecond dynamics of multi-band and strongly correlated electron interactions in solids. In this Review, we discuss the latest experimental and theoretical advances in ultrafast high-harmonic spectroscopy of solids and provide perspectives for future research in this field. High-harmonic spectroscopy on solids is an ultrafast all-optical technique to study the structure and dynamics of materials. This Review discusses areas of condensed-matter physics where this technique can provide particular insight.
{"title":"Ultrafast high-harmonic spectroscopy of solids","authors":"Christian Heide, Yuki Kobayashi, Sheikh Rubaiat Ul Haque, Shambhu Ghimire","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02640-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-024-02640-8","url":null,"abstract":"High-harmonic spectroscopy, an ultrafast all-optical technique initially conceptualized in atomic and molecular systems, has now emerged as a powerful platform for studying the structure and dynamics of condensed matter. Unlike that in the gas phase, solid-state high-harmonic generation relies on the fundamental response from high atomic density and periodicity, leading to interband transitions and coherent driving of electrons and holes in their respective bands. These mechanisms make high-harmonic spectroscopy particularly sensitive to the electronic band structure, topological properties and many-body correlations in condensed media. An advantage of high-harmonic spectroscopy over other spectroscopic methods is its ability to probe ultrafast phenomena, capturing femto- to attosecond dynamics of multi-band and strongly correlated electron interactions in solids. In this Review, we discuss the latest experimental and theoretical advances in ultrafast high-harmonic spectroscopy of solids and provide perspectives for future research in this field. High-harmonic spectroscopy on solids is an ultrafast all-optical technique to study the structure and dynamics of materials. This Review discusses areas of condensed-matter physics where this technique can provide particular insight.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"20 10","pages":"1546-1557"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02653-3
Kyle Hwangbo, Elliott Rosenberg, John Cenker, Qianni Jiang, Haidan Wen, Di Xiao, Jiun-Haw Chu, Xiaodong Xu
Electronic nematicity is a state of matter in which rotational symmetry is spontaneously broken and translational symmetry is preserved. In strongly correlated materials, nematicity often emerges from fluctuations of a multicomponent primary order, such as spin or charge density waves, and is termed vestigial nematicity. One widely studied example is Ising nematicity, which arises as a vestigial order of collinear antiferromagnetism in the tetragonal iron pnictide superconductors. Because nematic directors in crystals are restricted by the underlying crystal symmetry, recently identified quantum materials with three-fold rotational symmetry offer a new platform to investigate nematic order with three-state Potts character. Here we demonstrate strain control of three-state Potts nematicity as a vestigial order of zigzag antiferromagnetism in FePSe3. Optical linear dichroism measurements reveal the nematic state and demonstrate the rotation of the nematic director by uniaxial strain. We show that the nature of the nematic phase transition can also be controlled by strain, inducing a smooth crossover transition between a Potts nematic transition and an Ising nematic flop transition. Elastocaloric measurements demonstrate the signatures of two coupled phase transitions, indicating that the vestigial nematic transition is separated from the antiferromagnetic transition. This establishes FePSe3 as a system to explore three-state Potts vestigial nematicity. Correlated materials can show nematicity, but the nematic state usually exhibits even-fold rotational symmetry. Now, a correlated antiferromagnet is shown to host a three-state Potts vestigial nematicity that can be controlled by external strain.
{"title":"Strain tuning of vestigial three-state Potts nematicity in a correlated antiferromagnet","authors":"Kyle Hwangbo, Elliott Rosenberg, John Cenker, Qianni Jiang, Haidan Wen, Di Xiao, Jiun-Haw Chu, Xiaodong Xu","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02653-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-024-02653-3","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic nematicity is a state of matter in which rotational symmetry is spontaneously broken and translational symmetry is preserved. In strongly correlated materials, nematicity often emerges from fluctuations of a multicomponent primary order, such as spin or charge density waves, and is termed vestigial nematicity. One widely studied example is Ising nematicity, which arises as a vestigial order of collinear antiferromagnetism in the tetragonal iron pnictide superconductors. Because nematic directors in crystals are restricted by the underlying crystal symmetry, recently identified quantum materials with three-fold rotational symmetry offer a new platform to investigate nematic order with three-state Potts character. Here we demonstrate strain control of three-state Potts nematicity as a vestigial order of zigzag antiferromagnetism in FePSe3. Optical linear dichroism measurements reveal the nematic state and demonstrate the rotation of the nematic director by uniaxial strain. We show that the nature of the nematic phase transition can also be controlled by strain, inducing a smooth crossover transition between a Potts nematic transition and an Ising nematic flop transition. Elastocaloric measurements demonstrate the signatures of two coupled phase transitions, indicating that the vestigial nematic transition is separated from the antiferromagnetic transition. This establishes FePSe3 as a system to explore three-state Potts vestigial nematicity. Correlated materials can show nematicity, but the nematic state usually exhibits even-fold rotational symmetry. Now, a correlated antiferromagnet is shown to host a three-state Potts vestigial nematicity that can be controlled by external strain.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"20 12","pages":"1888-1895"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02658-y
Hyun-Woo Lee, Tatiana G. Rappoport
Electrons in a chiral topological material exhibit a unique orbital angular momentum profile in momentum space that resembles magnetic monopoles. It gives an opportunity to utilize the orbital motion of electrons for information processing — so-called orbitronics.
{"title":"Chirality and topology team up to produce orbital monopole","authors":"Hyun-Woo Lee, Tatiana G. Rappoport","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02658-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-024-02658-y","url":null,"abstract":"Electrons in a chiral topological material exhibit a unique orbital angular momentum profile in momentum space that resembles magnetic monopoles. It gives an opportunity to utilize the orbital motion of electrons for information processing — so-called orbitronics.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"20 12","pages":"1857-1858"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142385084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-08DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02651-5
Panyu Chen, Scott Weady, Severine Atis, Takumi Matsuzawa, Michael J. Shelley, William T. M. Irvine
Vorticity, a measure of the local rate of rotation of a fluid element, is the driver of incompressible flow. In viscous fluids, powering bulk flows requires the continuous injection of vorticity from boundaries to counteract the diffusive effects of viscosity. Here we power a flow from within by suspending approximately cylindrical particles and magnetically driving them to rotate at Reynolds numbers in the intermediate range. We find that a single particle generates a localized three-dimensional region of vorticity around it—which we call a vortlet—that drives a number of remarkable behaviours. Slight asymmetries in the particle shape can deform the vortlet and cause the particle to self-propel. Interactions between vortlets are similarly rich, generating bound dynamical states. When a large number of vortlets interact, they spontaneously form collectively moving flocks. These flocks remain coherent while propelling, splitting and merging. If enough particles are added so as to saturate the flow chamber, a homogeneous three-dimensional active chiral fluid of vortlets is formed, which can be manipulated with gravity or flow chamber boundaries, leading to lively collective dynamics. Our findings demonstrate an inertial regime for synthetic active matter, provide a controlled physical system for the quantitative study of three-dimensional flocking in non-sentient systems and establish a platform for the study of three-dimensional active chiral fluids.
{"title":"Self-propulsion, flocking and chiral active phases from particles spinning at intermediate Reynolds numbers","authors":"Panyu Chen, Scott Weady, Severine Atis, Takumi Matsuzawa, Michael J. Shelley, William T. M. Irvine","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02651-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-024-02651-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vorticity, a measure of the local rate of rotation of a fluid element, is the driver of incompressible flow. In viscous fluids, powering bulk flows requires the continuous injection of vorticity from boundaries to counteract the diffusive effects of viscosity. Here we power a flow from within by suspending approximately cylindrical particles and magnetically driving them to rotate at Reynolds numbers in the intermediate range. We find that a single particle generates a localized three-dimensional region of vorticity around it—which we call a vortlet—that drives a number of remarkable behaviours. Slight asymmetries in the particle shape can deform the vortlet and cause the particle to self-propel. Interactions between vortlets are similarly rich, generating bound dynamical states. When a large number of vortlets interact, they spontaneously form collectively moving flocks. These flocks remain coherent while propelling, splitting and merging. If enough particles are added so as to saturate the flow chamber, a homogeneous three-dimensional active chiral fluid of vortlets is formed, which can be manipulated with gravity or flow chamber boundaries, leading to lively collective dynamics. Our findings demonstrate an inertial regime for synthetic active matter, provide a controlled physical system for the quantitative study of three-dimensional flocking in non-sentient systems and establish a platform for the study of three-dimensional active chiral fluids.</p>","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142384473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-08DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02652-4
Christina L. Hueschen, Li-av Segev-Zarko, Jian-Hua Chen, Mark A. LeGros, Carolyn A. Larabell, John C. Boothroyd, Rob Phillips, Alexander R. Dunn
During host infection, Toxoplasma gondii and related unicellular parasites move using gliding, which differs fundamentally from other known mechanisms of eukaryotic cell motility. Gliding is thought to be powered by a thin layer of flowing filamentous (F)-actin sandwiched between the plasma membrane and a myosin-covered inner membrane complex. How this surface actin layer drives the various gliding modes observed in experiments—helical, circular, twirling and patch, pendulum or rolling—is unclear. Here we suggest that F-actin flows arise through self-organization and develop a continuum model of emergent F-actin flow within the confines provided by Toxoplasma geometry. In the presence of F-actin turnover, our model predicts the emergence of a steady-state mode in which actin transport is largely directed rearward. Removing F-actin turnover leads to actin patches that recirculate up and down the cell, which we observe experimentally for drug-stabilized actin bundles in live Toxoplasma gondii parasites. These distinct self-organized actin states can account for observed gliding modes, illustrating how different forms of gliding motility can emerge as an intrinsic consequence of the self-organizing properties of F-actin flow in a confined geometry. Unicellular parasites, such as Toxoplasma gondii, can use different forms of gliding motions when infecting a host. These motility modes arise from the self-organizing properties of filamentous actin flow at the surface of these parasitic cells.
{"title":"Emergent actin flows explain distinct modes of gliding motility","authors":"Christina L. Hueschen, Li-av Segev-Zarko, Jian-Hua Chen, Mark A. LeGros, Carolyn A. Larabell, John C. Boothroyd, Rob Phillips, Alexander R. Dunn","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02652-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-024-02652-4","url":null,"abstract":"During host infection, Toxoplasma gondii and related unicellular parasites move using gliding, which differs fundamentally from other known mechanisms of eukaryotic cell motility. Gliding is thought to be powered by a thin layer of flowing filamentous (F)-actin sandwiched between the plasma membrane and a myosin-covered inner membrane complex. How this surface actin layer drives the various gliding modes observed in experiments—helical, circular, twirling and patch, pendulum or rolling—is unclear. Here we suggest that F-actin flows arise through self-organization and develop a continuum model of emergent F-actin flow within the confines provided by Toxoplasma geometry. In the presence of F-actin turnover, our model predicts the emergence of a steady-state mode in which actin transport is largely directed rearward. Removing F-actin turnover leads to actin patches that recirculate up and down the cell, which we observe experimentally for drug-stabilized actin bundles in live Toxoplasma gondii parasites. These distinct self-organized actin states can account for observed gliding modes, illustrating how different forms of gliding motility can emerge as an intrinsic consequence of the self-organizing properties of F-actin flow in a confined geometry. Unicellular parasites, such as Toxoplasma gondii, can use different forms of gliding motions when infecting a host. These motility modes arise from the self-organizing properties of filamentous actin flow at the surface of these parasitic cells.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"20 12","pages":"1989-1996"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-024-02652-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142384359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-08DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02689-5
Trevor Arp, Owen Sheekey, Haoxin Zhou, C. L. Tschirhart, Caitlin L. Patterson, H. M. Yoo, Ludwig Holleis, Evgeny Redekop, Grigory Babikyan, Tian Xie, Jiewen Xiao, Yaar Vituri, Tobias Holder, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, Martin E. Huber, Erez Berg, Andrea F. Young
{"title":"Author Correction: Intervalley coherence and intrinsic spin–orbit coupling in rhombohedral trilayer graphene","authors":"Trevor Arp, Owen Sheekey, Haoxin Zhou, C. L. Tschirhart, Caitlin L. Patterson, H. M. Yoo, Ludwig Holleis, Evgeny Redekop, Grigory Babikyan, Tian Xie, Jiewen Xiao, Yaar Vituri, Tobias Holder, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, Martin E. Huber, Erez Berg, Andrea F. Young","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02689-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-024-02689-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"20 11","pages":"1840-1840"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-024-02689-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142384506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02630-w
L. Y. Cheung, R. Haller, A. Kononov, C. Ciaccia, J. H. Ungerer, T. Kanne, J. Nygård, P. Winkel, T. Reisinger, I. M. Pop, A. Baumgartner, C. Schönenberger
When two superconductors are separated by a weak link, a supercurrent is carried by Andreev bound states formed by the phase-coherent reflection of electrons and their time-reversed partners. The two levels associated with a single, highly transmissive Andreev bound state can serve as a qubit due to the potentially large energy difference with the next bound state. Although coherent manipulation of these so-called Andreev pair qubits has been demonstrated, long-range qubit–qubit coupling, which is necessary for advanced quantum computing architectures, has not yet been achieved. Here, we demonstrate coherent remote coupling between two Andreev pair qubits mediated by a microwave photon in a superconducting cavity coupler. The latter hosts two modes that are engineered to have very different coupling rates to an external port. The strongly coupled mode can be used to perform a fast read-out of each qubit, while we use the weakly coupled mode to mediate the coupling between the qubits. When both qubits are tuned into resonance with the latter mode, we find excitation spectra with characteristic avoided crossings. We identify two-qubit states that are entangled over a distance of 6 mm. This work establishes Andreev pair qubits as a compact and scalable approach to developing quantum computers. Qubits formed from Andreev bound states in a Josephson junction could have performance advantages over existing superconducting qubits. Here proof-of-principle experiments demonstrate long-range coupling between Andreev-level qubits.
{"title":"Photon-mediated long-range coupling of two Andreev pair qubits","authors":"L. Y. Cheung, R. Haller, A. Kononov, C. Ciaccia, J. H. Ungerer, T. Kanne, J. Nygård, P. Winkel, T. Reisinger, I. M. Pop, A. Baumgartner, C. Schönenberger","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02630-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-024-02630-w","url":null,"abstract":"When two superconductors are separated by a weak link, a supercurrent is carried by Andreev bound states formed by the phase-coherent reflection of electrons and their time-reversed partners. The two levels associated with a single, highly transmissive Andreev bound state can serve as a qubit due to the potentially large energy difference with the next bound state. Although coherent manipulation of these so-called Andreev pair qubits has been demonstrated, long-range qubit–qubit coupling, which is necessary for advanced quantum computing architectures, has not yet been achieved. Here, we demonstrate coherent remote coupling between two Andreev pair qubits mediated by a microwave photon in a superconducting cavity coupler. The latter hosts two modes that are engineered to have very different coupling rates to an external port. The strongly coupled mode can be used to perform a fast read-out of each qubit, while we use the weakly coupled mode to mediate the coupling between the qubits. When both qubits are tuned into resonance with the latter mode, we find excitation spectra with characteristic avoided crossings. We identify two-qubit states that are entangled over a distance of 6 mm. This work establishes Andreev pair qubits as a compact and scalable approach to developing quantum computers. Qubits formed from Andreev bound states in a Josephson junction could have performance advantages over existing superconducting qubits. Here proof-of-principle experiments demonstrate long-range coupling between Andreev-level qubits.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"20 11","pages":"1793-1797"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142369011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02639-1
Max Hays, Valla Fatemi
Semiconductor spin qubits are usually highly localized, which makes it difficult to engineer long-range interactions. Two recent experiments demonstrate that adding superconductivity makes supercurrent-based long-range coupling possible.
{"title":"Qubits inside junctions get joined up","authors":"Max Hays, Valla Fatemi","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02639-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-024-02639-1","url":null,"abstract":"Semiconductor spin qubits are usually highly localized, which makes it difficult to engineer long-range interactions. Two recent experiments demonstrate that adding superconductivity makes supercurrent-based long-range coupling possible.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"20 11","pages":"1698-1699"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142368977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-02DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02659-x
Andrei Rasputnyi, Zhaopin Chen, Michael Birk, Oren Cohen, Ido Kaminer, Michael Krüger, Denis Seletskiy, Maria Chekhova, Francesco Tani
High-harmonic generation has been driving the development of attosecond science and sources. More recently, high-harmonic generation in solids has been adopted by other communities as a method to study material properties. However, so far high-harmonic generation has only been driven by classical light, despite theoretical proposals to do so with quantum states of light. Here we observe non-perturbative high-harmonic generation in solids driven by a macroscopic quantum state of light, a bright squeezed vacuum, which we generate in a single spatiotemporal mode. The process driven by a bright squeezed vacuum is considerably more efficient in the generation of high harmonics than classical light of the same mean intensity. Due to its broad photon-number distribution, covering states from 0 to 2 × 1013 photons per pulse, and strong subcycle electric field fluctuations, a bright squeezed vacuum gives access to free carrier dynamics within a much broader range of peak intensities than accessible with classical light. High-harmonic generation has so far been driven only by classical light. Now, its driving by a bright squeezed vacuum—a quantum state of light—has been observed and shown to be more efficient than using classical light.
{"title":"High-harmonic generation by a bright squeezed vacuum","authors":"Andrei Rasputnyi, Zhaopin Chen, Michael Birk, Oren Cohen, Ido Kaminer, Michael Krüger, Denis Seletskiy, Maria Chekhova, Francesco Tani","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02659-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-024-02659-x","url":null,"abstract":"High-harmonic generation has been driving the development of attosecond science and sources. More recently, high-harmonic generation in solids has been adopted by other communities as a method to study material properties. However, so far high-harmonic generation has only been driven by classical light, despite theoretical proposals to do so with quantum states of light. Here we observe non-perturbative high-harmonic generation in solids driven by a macroscopic quantum state of light, a bright squeezed vacuum, which we generate in a single spatiotemporal mode. The process driven by a bright squeezed vacuum is considerably more efficient in the generation of high harmonics than classical light of the same mean intensity. Due to its broad photon-number distribution, covering states from 0 to 2 × 1013 photons per pulse, and strong subcycle electric field fluctuations, a bright squeezed vacuum gives access to free carrier dynamics within a much broader range of peak intensities than accessible with classical light. High-harmonic generation has so far been driven only by classical light. Now, its driving by a bright squeezed vacuum—a quantum state of light—has been observed and shown to be more efficient than using classical light.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"20 12","pages":"1960-1965"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-024-02659-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142363031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-30DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02612-y
J. Karthein, C. M. Ricketts, R. F. Garcia Ruiz, J. Billowes, C. L. Binnersley, T. E. Cocolios, J. Dobaczewski, G. J. Farooq-Smith, K. T. Flanagan, G. Georgiev, W. Gins, R. P. de Groote, F. P. Gustafsson, J. D. Holt, A. Kanellakopoulos, Á. Koszorús, D. Leimbach, K. M. Lynch, T. Miyagi, W. Nazarewicz, G. Neyens, P.-G. Reinhard, B. K. Sahoo, A. R. Vernon, S. G. Wilkins, X. F. Yang, D. T. Yordanov
Understanding the nuclear properties in the vicinity of 100Sn, which has been suggested to be the heaviest doubly magic nucleus with proton number Z equal to neutron number N, has been a long-standing challenge for experimental and theoretical nuclear physics. In particular, contradictory experimental evidence exists regarding the role of nuclear collectivity in this region of the nuclear chart. Here, we provide further evidence for the doubly magic character of 100Sn by measuring the ground-state electromagnetic moments and nuclear charge radii of indium (Z = 49) isotopes as N approaches 50 from above using precision laser spectroscopy. Our results span almost the complete range between the two major closed neutron shells at N = 50 and N = 82 and reveal parabolic trends as a function of the neutron number, with a clear reduction towards these two closed neutron shells. A detailed comparison between our experimental results and numerical results from two complementary nuclear many-body frameworks (density functional theory and ab initio methods) exposes deficiencies in nuclear models and establishes a benchmark for future theoretical developments. Precision laser spectroscopy of ground-state electromagnetic moments and nuclear charge radii of indium shows that 100Sn has closed proton and neutron shells. The results serve as a benchmark for future theoretical models.
100Sn 被认为是质子数 Z 等于中子数 N 的最重的双魔核，了解 100Sn 附近的核特性一直是实验和理论核物理面临的长期挑战。特别是关于核集合性在核图这一区域的作用，存在着相互矛盾的实验证据。在这里，我们利用精密激光光谱法测量了铟同位素（Z = 49）在 N 从上往下接近 50 时的基态电磁矩和核电荷半径，从而为 100Sn 的双魔力特性提供了进一步的证据。我们的结果几乎涵盖了 N = 50 和 N = 82 时两个主要封闭中子壳之间的全部范围，并揭示了与中子数函数相关的抛物线趋势，以及向这两个封闭中子壳方向的明显减弱。我们的实验结果与两个互补的核多体框架（密度泛函理论和 ab initio 方法）的数值结果之间的详细比较揭示了核模型的缺陷，并为未来的理论发展确立了基准。
{"title":"Electromagnetic properties of indium isotopes illuminate the doubly magic character of 100Sn","authors":"J. Karthein, C. M. Ricketts, R. F. Garcia Ruiz, J. Billowes, C. L. Binnersley, T. E. Cocolios, J. Dobaczewski, G. J. Farooq-Smith, K. T. Flanagan, G. Georgiev, W. Gins, R. P. de Groote, F. P. Gustafsson, J. D. Holt, A. Kanellakopoulos, Á. Koszorús, D. Leimbach, K. M. Lynch, T. Miyagi, W. Nazarewicz, G. Neyens, P.-G. Reinhard, B. K. Sahoo, A. R. Vernon, S. G. Wilkins, X. F. Yang, D. T. Yordanov","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02612-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-024-02612-y","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the nuclear properties in the vicinity of 100Sn, which has been suggested to be the heaviest doubly magic nucleus with proton number Z equal to neutron number N, has been a long-standing challenge for experimental and theoretical nuclear physics. In particular, contradictory experimental evidence exists regarding the role of nuclear collectivity in this region of the nuclear chart. Here, we provide further evidence for the doubly magic character of 100Sn by measuring the ground-state electromagnetic moments and nuclear charge radii of indium (Z = 49) isotopes as N approaches 50 from above using precision laser spectroscopy. Our results span almost the complete range between the two major closed neutron shells at N = 50 and N = 82 and reveal parabolic trends as a function of the neutron number, with a clear reduction towards these two closed neutron shells. A detailed comparison between our experimental results and numerical results from two complementary nuclear many-body frameworks (density functional theory and ab initio methods) exposes deficiencies in nuclear models and establishes a benchmark for future theoretical developments. Precision laser spectroscopy of ground-state electromagnetic moments and nuclear charge radii of indium shows that 100Sn has closed proton and neutron shells. The results serve as a benchmark for future theoretical models.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"20 11","pages":"1719-1725"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142329576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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