Counterflow superfluidity is an anomalous quantum phase that was predicted two decades ago in the context of a two-component Bose–Hubbard model. In this phase, although both components exhibit fluidity, their correlated counterflow currents cancel each other out, resulting in the system behaving as an incompressible Mott insulator. However, realizing and identifying this phase experimentally has proven challenging due to the stringent requirements for a single set-up, including defect-free state preparation, minimal heating during coherent manipulations, and spin- and site-resolved detection of the phases. Here, we report on the observation of counterflow superfluidity in a binary Bose mixture in optical lattices. After preparing a low-entropy spin-Mott state by conveying two spin-1/2 bosonic atoms at every single lattice site to form a doublon, we adiabatically drove the system to the counterflow superfluid phase at approximately 1 nK. We observed features of antipair correlations through site- and spin-resolved quantum-gas microscopy in both real and momentum spaces. Finally, we measured long-range off-diagonal spin correlations in the rotated basis, revealing a correlation length approaching the system size. These techniques and observations demonstrated here provide accessibility to Borromean counterfluids. Counterflow superfluidity is a quantum phase in which two fluid components flow in opposite directions without resistance, cancelling out their overall combined motion. This phase has now been observed in an optical lattice system hosting Bose mixtures.
{"title":"Counterflow superfluidity in a two-component Mott insulator","authors":"Yong-Guang Zheng, An Luo, Ying-Chao Shen, Ming-Gen He, Zi-Hang Zhu, Ying Liu, Wei-Yong Zhang, Hui Sun, Youjin Deng, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, Jian-Wei Pan","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02732-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-024-02732-5","url":null,"abstract":"Counterflow superfluidity is an anomalous quantum phase that was predicted two decades ago in the context of a two-component Bose–Hubbard model. In this phase, although both components exhibit fluidity, their correlated counterflow currents cancel each other out, resulting in the system behaving as an incompressible Mott insulator. However, realizing and identifying this phase experimentally has proven challenging due to the stringent requirements for a single set-up, including defect-free state preparation, minimal heating during coherent manipulations, and spin- and site-resolved detection of the phases. Here, we report on the observation of counterflow superfluidity in a binary Bose mixture in optical lattices. After preparing a low-entropy spin-Mott state by conveying two spin-1/2 bosonic atoms at every single lattice site to form a doublon, we adiabatically drove the system to the counterflow superfluid phase at approximately 1 nK. We observed features of antipair correlations through site- and spin-resolved quantum-gas microscopy in both real and momentum spaces. Finally, we measured long-range off-diagonal spin correlations in the rotated basis, revealing a correlation length approaching the system size. These techniques and observations demonstrated here provide accessibility to Borromean counterfluids. Counterflow superfluidity is a quantum phase in which two fluid components flow in opposite directions without resistance, cancelling out their overall combined motion. This phase has now been observed in an optical lattice system hosting Bose mixtures.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"21 2","pages":"208-213"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142935586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-08DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02728-1
Akash Kumar, Avinash Kumar Chaurasiya, Victor H. González, Nilamani Behera, Ademir Alemán, Roman Khymyn, Ahmad A. Awad, Johan Åkerman
Spin–orbit torque can drive auto-oscillations of propagating spin-wave modes in nano-constriction spin Hall nano-oscillators. These modes facilitate both long-range coupling and the possibility of controlling their phase, which is a crucial aspect for device application. Here, we demonstrate variable-phase coupling between two nano-constriction spin Hall nano-oscillators and their mutual synchronization driven by propagating spin waves. Using electrical measurements and phase-resolved micro-focused Brillouin light scattering microscopy, we show that the phase of the mutual synchronization can be tuned by modulating the drive current or the applied field. Our micromagnetic simulations explore the phase tunability using voltage gating. Our results advance the capabilities of mutually synchronized spin Hall nano-oscillators and open the possibilities for applications in spin-wave logic-based devices. Phase tuning of propagating spin waves is a crucial step in the development of devices based on magnons, which are the quanta of spin waves. Now, this has been demonstrated in a device comprising two spin Hall nano-oscillators.
{"title":"Spin-wave-mediated mutual synchronization and phase tuning in spin Hall nano-oscillators","authors":"Akash Kumar, Avinash Kumar Chaurasiya, Victor H. González, Nilamani Behera, Ademir Alemán, Roman Khymyn, Ahmad A. Awad, Johan Åkerman","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02728-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-024-02728-1","url":null,"abstract":"Spin–orbit torque can drive auto-oscillations of propagating spin-wave modes in nano-constriction spin Hall nano-oscillators. These modes facilitate both long-range coupling and the possibility of controlling their phase, which is a crucial aspect for device application. Here, we demonstrate variable-phase coupling between two nano-constriction spin Hall nano-oscillators and their mutual synchronization driven by propagating spin waves. Using electrical measurements and phase-resolved micro-focused Brillouin light scattering microscopy, we show that the phase of the mutual synchronization can be tuned by modulating the drive current or the applied field. Our micromagnetic simulations explore the phase tunability using voltage gating. Our results advance the capabilities of mutually synchronized spin Hall nano-oscillators and open the possibilities for applications in spin-wave logic-based devices. Phase tuning of propagating spin waves is a crucial step in the development of devices based on magnons, which are the quanta of spin waves. Now, this has been demonstrated in a device comprising two spin Hall nano-oscillators.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"21 2","pages":"245-252"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-024-02728-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142935642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-08DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02716-5
Lakshmi Balasubramaniam, Siavash Monfared, Aleksandra Ardaševa, Carine Rosse, Andreas Schoenit, Tien Dang, Chrystelle Maric, Mathieu Hautefeuille, Leyla Kocgozlu, Ranjith Chilupuri, Sushil Dubey, Elisabetta Marangoni, Bryant L. Doss, Philippe Chavrier, René-Marc Mége, Amin Doostmohammadi, Benoit Ladoux
Tissues eliminate unfit, unwanted or unnecessary cells through cell extrusion, and this can lead to the elimination of both apoptotic and live cells. However, the mechanical signatures that influence the fate of extruding cells remain unknown. Here we show that modified force transmission across adherens junctions inhibits apoptotic cell eliminations. By combining cell experiments with varying levels of E-cadherin junctions and three-dimensional modelling of cell monolayers, we find that these changes not only affect the fate of the extruded cells but also shift extrusion from the apical to the basal side, leading to cell invasion into soft collagen gels. We generalize our findings using xenografts and cysts cultured in matrigel, derived from patients with breast cancer. Our results link intercellular force transmission regulated by cell–cell communication to cell extrusion mechanisms, with potential implications during morphogenesis and invasion of cancer cells. Tissues eliminate unwanted cells through cell extrusion, but the factors determining whether these extuded cells live or die are not fully understood. Now force transmission across adherens junctions is shown to have a role in shaping their fate.
{"title":"Dynamic forces shape the survival fate of eliminated cells","authors":"Lakshmi Balasubramaniam, Siavash Monfared, Aleksandra Ardaševa, Carine Rosse, Andreas Schoenit, Tien Dang, Chrystelle Maric, Mathieu Hautefeuille, Leyla Kocgozlu, Ranjith Chilupuri, Sushil Dubey, Elisabetta Marangoni, Bryant L. Doss, Philippe Chavrier, René-Marc Mége, Amin Doostmohammadi, Benoit Ladoux","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02716-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-024-02716-5","url":null,"abstract":"Tissues eliminate unfit, unwanted or unnecessary cells through cell extrusion, and this can lead to the elimination of both apoptotic and live cells. However, the mechanical signatures that influence the fate of extruding cells remain unknown. Here we show that modified force transmission across adherens junctions inhibits apoptotic cell eliminations. By combining cell experiments with varying levels of E-cadherin junctions and three-dimensional modelling of cell monolayers, we find that these changes not only affect the fate of the extruded cells but also shift extrusion from the apical to the basal side, leading to cell invasion into soft collagen gels. We generalize our findings using xenografts and cysts cultured in matrigel, derived from patients with breast cancer. Our results link intercellular force transmission regulated by cell–cell communication to cell extrusion mechanisms, with potential implications during morphogenesis and invasion of cancer cells. Tissues eliminate unwanted cells through cell extrusion, but the factors determining whether these extuded cells live or die are not fully understood. Now force transmission across adherens junctions is shown to have a role in shaping their fate.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"21 2","pages":"269-278"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142935643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-08DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02729-0
Peiran Tong, Linming Zhou, Kai Du, Meng Zhang, Yuting Sun, Tulai Sun, Yongjun Wu, Yong Liu, Haizhong Guo, Zijian Hong, Yanwu Xie, He Tian, Ze Zhang
Particle-like topological structures such as polar skyrmions in ferroelectrics have the potential for application in high-density information storage. Since the polar topologies arise from a complicated competitive energy balance, such non-trivial topological states are difficult to manipulate by applying non-persistent external stimuli, such as bias or strain. Thus, a flexible strategy for manipulating topological polar states is needed to realize ultrahigh-density topological devices. Here we demonstrate that thermal excitation can simultaneously regulate the competition of elastic, electrostatic, polarization gradient and Landau energies to trigger polar topological state switching. By designing the temperature evolution pathways, the individual states that are believed to be unstable or intermediate can now be switched and stabilized. Therefore, our strategy expands the diversity of polar topologies in a single superlattice system. Furthermore, we demonstrate the laser-based thermal local switching of polar solitons ranging from several hundred nanometres to a few topologies. These findings will advance the design of polar topology-based ultrahigh-density storage.
{"title":"Thermal triggering for multi-state switching of polar topologies","authors":"Peiran Tong, Linming Zhou, Kai Du, Meng Zhang, Yuting Sun, Tulai Sun, Yongjun Wu, Yong Liu, Haizhong Guo, Zijian Hong, Yanwu Xie, He Tian, Ze Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02729-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-024-02729-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Particle-like topological structures such as polar skyrmions in ferroelectrics have the potential for application in high-density information storage. Since the polar topologies arise from a complicated competitive energy balance, such non-trivial topological states are difficult to manipulate by applying non-persistent external stimuli, such as bias or strain. Thus, a flexible strategy for manipulating topological polar states is needed to realize ultrahigh-density topological devices. Here we demonstrate that thermal excitation can simultaneously regulate the competition of elastic, electrostatic, polarization gradient and Landau energies to trigger polar topological state switching. By designing the temperature evolution pathways, the individual states that are believed to be unstable or intermediate can now be switched and stabilized. Therefore, our strategy expands the diversity of polar topologies in a single superlattice system. Furthermore, we demonstrate the laser-based thermal local switching of polar solitons ranging from several hundred nanometres to a few topologies. These findings will advance the design of polar topology-based ultrahigh-density storage.</p>","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142935645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-07DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02731-6
Li-Qiao Xia, Sergio C. de la Barrera, Aviram Uri, Aaron Sharpe, Yves H. Kwan, Ziyan Zhu, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, David Goldhaber-Gordon, Liang Fu, Trithep Devakul, Pablo Jarillo-Herrero
The intrinsic anomalous Hall effect (AHE) is driven by non-zero Berry curvature and spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking. This effect can be realized in two-dimensional moiré systems hosting flat electronic bands but is not usually seen in inversion-symmetric materials. Here, we show that this physics is manifested in helical trilayer graphene—three graphene layers, each twisted in sequence by the same angle—although the system retains global in-plane inversion symmetry. We uncover a phase diagram of correlated and magnetic states at a magic twist angle of 1.8∘, which is explained by a lattice relaxation that leads to the formation of large periodic domains where in-plane inversion symmetry is broken on the moiré scale. Each domain harbours flat topological bands with opposite Chern numbers in the two valleys. We find correlated states at multiple integer and fractional electron fillings per moiré unit cell and an AHE at a subset of them. The AHE disappears above a critical electric displacement field at one electron per unit cell, indicating a topological phase transition. We establish helical trilayer graphene as a platform that presents an opportunity to engineer topology due to its emergent moiré-scale symmetries. Trilayer graphene with the layers consecutively twisted by the same angle is shown to be a platform in which correlated and topological states exist, driven by local lattice relaxations.
{"title":"Topological bands and correlated states in helical trilayer graphene","authors":"Li-Qiao Xia, Sergio C. de la Barrera, Aviram Uri, Aaron Sharpe, Yves H. Kwan, Ziyan Zhu, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, David Goldhaber-Gordon, Liang Fu, Trithep Devakul, Pablo Jarillo-Herrero","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02731-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-024-02731-6","url":null,"abstract":"The intrinsic anomalous Hall effect (AHE) is driven by non-zero Berry curvature and spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking. This effect can be realized in two-dimensional moiré systems hosting flat electronic bands but is not usually seen in inversion-symmetric materials. Here, we show that this physics is manifested in helical trilayer graphene—three graphene layers, each twisted in sequence by the same angle—although the system retains global in-plane inversion symmetry. We uncover a phase diagram of correlated and magnetic states at a magic twist angle of 1.8∘, which is explained by a lattice relaxation that leads to the formation of large periodic domains where in-plane inversion symmetry is broken on the moiré scale. Each domain harbours flat topological bands with opposite Chern numbers in the two valleys. We find correlated states at multiple integer and fractional electron fillings per moiré unit cell and an AHE at a subset of them. The AHE disappears above a critical electric displacement field at one electron per unit cell, indicating a topological phase transition. We establish helical trilayer graphene as a platform that presents an opportunity to engineer topology due to its emergent moiré-scale symmetries. Trilayer graphene with the layers consecutively twisted by the same angle is shown to be a platform in which correlated and topological states exist, driven by local lattice relaxations.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"21 2","pages":"239-244"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142934883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-07DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02735-2
Franziska L. Lampart, Roman Vetter, Kevin A. Yamauchi, Yifan Wang, Steve Runser, Nico Strohmeyer, Florian Meer, Marie-Didiée Hussherr, Gieri Camenisch, Hans-Helge Seifert, Cyrill A. Rentsch, Clémentine Le Magnen, Daniel J. Müller, Lukas Bubendorf, Dagmar Iber
Malignancies of epithelial tissues, called carcinomas, account for most cancer cases. Research has largely focused on correlating different carcinoma subtypes to genetic alterations. However, as well as a rewiring in the signalling networks, carcinoma progression is accompanied by mechanical changes in the epithelial cells and the extracellular matrix. Here we reveal intricate morphologies in the basement membrane at the onset of bladder cancer and propose that they emerge from a mechanical instability upon epithelial overgrowth. We imaged mouse and human bladder tissue and performed differential growth simulations, and found that stiffness changes in the different mucosa layers can result in aberrant tissue morphologies. The resulting thickening, wrinkles and folds resemble early papillary tumours and carcinomas in situ. Atomic force microscopy confirmed local stiffness changes in the pathological basement membrane. Our findings suggest a possible mechanical origin of the different bladder carcinoma subtypes and may guide future developments in treatment and prophylaxis. Carcinoma subtypes are normally linked to specific genetic alterations, but tissue mechanical changes also play a role. Now, aberrant morphologies resembling bladder carcinoma are shown to emerge from stiffness changes during epithelial overgrowth.
{"title":"Morphometry and mechanical instability at the onset of epithelial bladder cancer","authors":"Franziska L. Lampart, Roman Vetter, Kevin A. Yamauchi, Yifan Wang, Steve Runser, Nico Strohmeyer, Florian Meer, Marie-Didiée Hussherr, Gieri Camenisch, Hans-Helge Seifert, Cyrill A. Rentsch, Clémentine Le Magnen, Daniel J. Müller, Lukas Bubendorf, Dagmar Iber","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02735-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-024-02735-2","url":null,"abstract":"Malignancies of epithelial tissues, called carcinomas, account for most cancer cases. Research has largely focused on correlating different carcinoma subtypes to genetic alterations. However, as well as a rewiring in the signalling networks, carcinoma progression is accompanied by mechanical changes in the epithelial cells and the extracellular matrix. Here we reveal intricate morphologies in the basement membrane at the onset of bladder cancer and propose that they emerge from a mechanical instability upon epithelial overgrowth. We imaged mouse and human bladder tissue and performed differential growth simulations, and found that stiffness changes in the different mucosa layers can result in aberrant tissue morphologies. The resulting thickening, wrinkles and folds resemble early papillary tumours and carcinomas in situ. Atomic force microscopy confirmed local stiffness changes in the pathological basement membrane. Our findings suggest a possible mechanical origin of the different bladder carcinoma subtypes and may guide future developments in treatment and prophylaxis. Carcinoma subtypes are normally linked to specific genetic alterations, but tissue mechanical changes also play a role. Now, aberrant morphologies resembling bladder carcinoma are shown to emerge from stiffness changes during epithelial overgrowth.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"21 2","pages":"279-288"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-024-02735-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142934882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-07DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02740-5
Mutasem Odeh, Kadircan Godeneli, Eric Li, Rohin Tangirala, Haoxin Zhou, Xueyue Zhang, Zi-Huai Zhang, Alp Sipahigil
Reducing decoherence in quantum computers rapidly decreases the overhead needed to construct a logical qubit from physical qubits. In solid-state systems, a class of defects known as two-level systems is a major source of decoherence. Currently, superconducting qubit experiments reduce dissipation due to the two-level systems by using large device dimensions. However, this approach only provides partial protection and results in a trade-off between qubit size and dissipation. In this work, we instead engineer the interactions between a qubit and the surrounding two-level systems using phononics. We fabricate a superconducting qubit on a phononic-bandgap metamaterial that suppresses phonon emission mediated by the two-level systems. The phonon-engineered bath of two-level systems shows increased lifetime and affects the thermalization dynamics of the qubit. Within the phononic bandgap, we observe the emergence of a non-Markovian qubit behaviour. Combined with qubit miniaturization, our approach could substantially extend the qubit relaxation times.
{"title":"Non-Markovian dynamics of a superconducting qubit in a phononic bandgap","authors":"Mutasem Odeh, Kadircan Godeneli, Eric Li, Rohin Tangirala, Haoxin Zhou, Xueyue Zhang, Zi-Huai Zhang, Alp Sipahigil","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02740-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-024-02740-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Reducing decoherence in quantum computers rapidly decreases the overhead needed to construct a logical qubit from physical qubits. In solid-state systems, a class of defects known as two-level systems is a major source of decoherence. Currently, superconducting qubit experiments reduce dissipation due to the two-level systems by using large device dimensions. However, this approach only provides partial protection and results in a trade-off between qubit size and dissipation. In this work, we instead engineer the interactions between a qubit and the surrounding two-level systems using phononics. We fabricate a superconducting qubit on a phononic-bandgap metamaterial that suppresses phonon emission mediated by the two-level systems. The phonon-engineered bath of two-level systems shows increased lifetime and affects the thermalization dynamics of the qubit. Within the phononic bandgap, we observe the emergence of a non-Markovian qubit behaviour. Combined with qubit miniaturization, our approach could substantially extend the qubit relaxation times.</p>","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142934886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-06DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02707-6
Jingxuan Ding, Mayanak K. Gupta, Carolin Rosenbach, Hung-Min Lin, Naresh C. Osti, Douglas L. Abernathy, Wolfgang G. Zeier, Olivier Delaire
Superionic materials represent a regime intermediate between the crystalline and liquid states of matter. Despite the considerable interest in potential applications for solid-state batteries or thermoelectric devices, it remains unclear whether the fast ionic diffusion observed in superionic materials reflects liquid-like dynamics or whether the hops of mobile ions are inherently coupled to more conventional lattice phonons. Here we reveal a crossover from crystalline vibrations to relaxational dynamics of ionic diffusion in the superionic compound Li6PS5Cl, a candidate solid-state electrolyte. By combining inelastic and quasi-elastic neutron-scattering measurements with first-principles-based machine-learned molecular dynamics simulations, we found that the vibrational density of states in the superionic state strongly deviates from the quadratic behaviour expected from the Debye law of lattice dynamics. The superionic dynamics emerges from overdamped phonon quasiparticles to give rise to a linear density of states characteristic of instantaneous normal modes in the liquid state. Further, we showed that the coupling of lattice phonons with a dynamic breathing of the Li+ diffusion bottleneck enables an order-of-magnitude increase in diffusivity. Thus, our results shed insights into superionics for future energy storage and conversion technologies. Understanding the mechanism of ionic diffusion in superionic materials is crucial for their potential applications in solid-state batteries. Now liquid-like dynamics that break the Debye law of lattice dynamics have been demonstrated in a lithium electrolyte.
{"title":"Liquid-like dynamics in a solid-state lithium electrolyte","authors":"Jingxuan Ding, Mayanak K. Gupta, Carolin Rosenbach, Hung-Min Lin, Naresh C. Osti, Douglas L. Abernathy, Wolfgang G. Zeier, Olivier Delaire","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02707-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-024-02707-6","url":null,"abstract":"Superionic materials represent a regime intermediate between the crystalline and liquid states of matter. Despite the considerable interest in potential applications for solid-state batteries or thermoelectric devices, it remains unclear whether the fast ionic diffusion observed in superionic materials reflects liquid-like dynamics or whether the hops of mobile ions are inherently coupled to more conventional lattice phonons. Here we reveal a crossover from crystalline vibrations to relaxational dynamics of ionic diffusion in the superionic compound Li6PS5Cl, a candidate solid-state electrolyte. By combining inelastic and quasi-elastic neutron-scattering measurements with first-principles-based machine-learned molecular dynamics simulations, we found that the vibrational density of states in the superionic state strongly deviates from the quadratic behaviour expected from the Debye law of lattice dynamics. The superionic dynamics emerges from overdamped phonon quasiparticles to give rise to a linear density of states characteristic of instantaneous normal modes in the liquid state. Further, we showed that the coupling of lattice phonons with a dynamic breathing of the Li+ diffusion bottleneck enables an order-of-magnitude increase in diffusivity. Thus, our results shed insights into superionics for future energy storage and conversion technologies. Understanding the mechanism of ionic diffusion in superionic materials is crucial for their potential applications in solid-state batteries. Now liquid-like dynamics that break the Debye law of lattice dynamics have been demonstrated in a lithium electrolyte.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"21 1","pages":"118-125"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-06DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02715-6
J. Dominguez-Palacios, S. Futatani, M. Garcia-Munoz, A. Jansen van Vuuren, E. Viezzer, J. Gonzalez-Martin, M. Toscano-Jimenez, P. Oyola, Y. Todo, Y. Suzuki, L. Sanchis, J. Rueda-Rueda, J. Galdon-Quiroga, J. Hidalgo-Salaverri, H. Chen, J. F. Rivero-Rodriguez, L. Velarde, the ASDEX Upgrade Team, the EuroFUSION MST1 Team
The most efficient and promising operational regime for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor tokamak is the high-confinement mode. In this regime, however, periodic relaxations of the plasma edge can occur. These edge-localized modes pose a threat to the integrity of the fusion device. Here we reveal the strong impact of energetic ions on the spatio-temporal structure of edge-localized modes in tokamaks using nonlinear hybrid kinetic–magnetohydrodynamic simulations. A resonant interaction between the fast ions at the plasma edge and the electromagnetic perturbations from the edge-localized mode leads to an energy and momentum exchange. Energetic ions modify, for example, the amplitude, frequency spectrum and crash timing of edge-localized modes. The simulations reproduce some observations that feature abrupt and large edge-localized mode crashes. The results indicate that, in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, a strong interaction between the fusion-born alpha particles and ions from neutral beam injection, a main heating and fast particle source, is expected with predicted edge-localized mode perturbations. This work advances the understanding of the physics underlying edge-localized mode crashes in the presence of energetic particles and highlights the importance of including energetic ion kinetic effects in the optimization of edge-localized mode control techniques and regimes that are free of such modes. Edge-localized plasma modes in a tokamak can damage its innermost wall. Simulations now show that fast ions can modify the spatio-temporal structure of these modes. These effects need to be considered in the optimization of control techniques.
{"title":"Effect of energetic ions on edge-localized modes in tokamak plasmas","authors":"J. Dominguez-Palacios, S. Futatani, M. Garcia-Munoz, A. Jansen van Vuuren, E. Viezzer, J. Gonzalez-Martin, M. Toscano-Jimenez, P. Oyola, Y. Todo, Y. Suzuki, L. Sanchis, J. Rueda-Rueda, J. Galdon-Quiroga, J. Hidalgo-Salaverri, H. Chen, J. F. Rivero-Rodriguez, L. Velarde, the ASDEX Upgrade Team, the EuroFUSION MST1 Team","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02715-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-024-02715-6","url":null,"abstract":"The most efficient and promising operational regime for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor tokamak is the high-confinement mode. In this regime, however, periodic relaxations of the plasma edge can occur. These edge-localized modes pose a threat to the integrity of the fusion device. Here we reveal the strong impact of energetic ions on the spatio-temporal structure of edge-localized modes in tokamaks using nonlinear hybrid kinetic–magnetohydrodynamic simulations. A resonant interaction between the fast ions at the plasma edge and the electromagnetic perturbations from the edge-localized mode leads to an energy and momentum exchange. Energetic ions modify, for example, the amplitude, frequency spectrum and crash timing of edge-localized modes. The simulations reproduce some observations that feature abrupt and large edge-localized mode crashes. The results indicate that, in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, a strong interaction between the fusion-born alpha particles and ions from neutral beam injection, a main heating and fast particle source, is expected with predicted edge-localized mode perturbations. This work advances the understanding of the physics underlying edge-localized mode crashes in the presence of energetic particles and highlights the importance of including energetic ion kinetic effects in the optimization of edge-localized mode control techniques and regimes that are free of such modes. Edge-localized plasma modes in a tokamak can damage its innermost wall. Simulations now show that fast ions can modify the spatio-temporal structure of these modes. These effects need to be considered in the optimization of control techniques.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"21 1","pages":"43-51"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-024-02715-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-06DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02698-4
Claudio Cazorla
Solid-state electrolytes with high ionic conductivity are promising candidates for battery applications. Experiments in one of these materials now reveal a mechanism that mediates ionic diffusivity and mirrors the vibrational properties of liquids.
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