Neuroscience Research最新文献

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A systematic study of changes in monoamine neurotransmitters in the rat brain following acute administration of alpha-methyltryptamine (AMT), 5-methoxy-alpha-methyltryptamine (5-MeO-AMT) and 5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DiPT) 急性给药α -甲基色胺（AMT）、5-甲氧基- α -甲基色胺（5-MeO-AMT）和5-甲氧基- n， n -二异丙基色胺（5-MeO-DiPT）后大鼠脑内单胺类神经递质变化的系统研究

IF 2.4 4区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience Research

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2025.04.006

Kaixi Li , Nan Li , Yuanyuan Chen , Xiangyu Li , Yanling Qiao , Dan Wang , Bin Di , Peng Xu

Alpha-methyltryptamine (AMT), 5-methoxy-alpha-methyltryptamine (5-MeO-AMT), and 5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DiPT) are three synthetic tryptamines with hallucinogenic properties that are widely abused worldwide. The hallucinogenic effects of tryptamines are primarily related to activation of the 5-HT receptor, and among the many subtypes of 5-HT receptors, the 5-HT_2A receptor is the key receptor for hallucinogenic effects. In the present study, the monoamine neurotransmitters DA and its metabolites 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-HT and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were systematically investigated in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), nucleus accumbent (NAc), dorsolateral striatum (DLS) and hippocampus (HIP) using a validated HPLC-ECD analytical method after administration of the three tryptamines at different doses. The results showed that the three tryptamines had certain effects and the effects were different in different brain regions and showed that AMT, 5-MeO-AMT and 5-MeO-DiPT had significant effects on monoaminergic neurotransmitters in rat brains. Among them, DAergic and serotonergic play important roles, and this study provides valuable information for further research on the neurochemical effects of tryptamine hallucinogens in the brain.

α -甲基色胺（AMT）、5-甲氧基- α -甲基色胺（5-MeO-AMT）和5-甲氧基- n， n -二异丙基色胺（5-MeO-DiPT）是三种具有致幻作用的合成色胺，在世界范围内被广泛滥用。色胺的致幻作用主要与5-HT受体的激活有关，在5-HT受体的众多亚型中，5-HT2A受体是致幻作用的关键受体。本研究采用经验证的HPLC-ECD分析方法，系统研究了不同剂量给药后，单胺类神经递质DA及其代谢物3,4-二羟基苯基乙酸（DOPAC）和同型香草酸（HVA）， 5-HT及其代谢物5-羟基吲哚乙酸（5-HIAA）在前额叶皮质（PFC）、伏隔核（NAc）、背外侧纹状体（DLS）和海马（HIP）中的含量。结果表明，三种色胺均有一定作用，且在不同脑区作用不同，表明AMT、5-MeO-AMT和5-MeO-DiPT对大鼠脑内单胺类神经递质有显著影响。其中DAergic和5 -羟色胺能发挥着重要作用，本研究为进一步研究色胺类致幻剂在脑内的神经化学作用提供了有价值的信息。

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Large-scale foundation models and generative AI for BigData neuroscience 用于大数据神经科学的大规模基础模型和生成式人工智能。

IF 2.4 4区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience Research

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2024.06.003

Ran Wang , Zhe Sage Chen

Recent advances in machine learning have led to revolutionary breakthroughs in computer games, image and natural language understanding, and scientific discovery. Foundation models and large-scale language models (LLMs) have recently achieved human-like intelligence thanks to BigData. With the help of self-supervised learning (SSL) and transfer learning, these models may potentially reshape the landscapes of neuroscience research and make a significant impact on the future. Here we present a mini-review on recent advances in foundation models and generative AI models as well as their applications in neuroscience, including natural language and speech, semantic memory, brain-machine interfaces (BMIs), and data augmentation. We argue that this paradigm-shift framework will open new avenues for many neuroscience research directions and discuss the accompanying challenges and opportunities.

机器学习的最新进展为计算机游戏、图像和自然语言理解以及科学发现带来了革命性的突破。得益于 BigData，基础模型和大规模语言模型（LLMs）最近实现了类似人类的智能。在自我监督学习（SSL）和迁移学习的帮助下，这些模型有可能重塑神经科学研究的格局，并对未来产生重大影响。在此，我们将对基础模型和生成式人工智能模型的最新进展及其在神经科学中的应用做一个小型回顾，包括自然语言和语音、语义记忆、脑机接口（BMI）和数据增强。我们认为，这种范式转换框架将为许多神经科学研究方向开辟新的途径，并讨论了随之而来的挑战和机遇。

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Probing neuronal activity with genetically encoded calcium and voltage fluorescent indicators 利用基因编码的钙离子和电压荧光指示剂探测神经元活动

IF 2.4 4区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience Research

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2024.06.004

Masayuki Sakamoto, Tatsushi Yokoyama

Monitoring neural activity in individual neurons is crucial for understanding neural circuits and brain functions. The emergence of optical imaging technologies has dramatically transformed the field of neuroscience, enabling detailed observation of large-scale neuronal populations with both cellular and subcellular resolution. This transformation will be further accelerated by the integration of these imaging technologies and advanced big data analysis. Genetically encoded fluorescent indicators to detect neural activity with high signal-to-noise ratios are pivotal in this advancement. In recent years, these indicators have undergone significant developments, greatly enhancing the understanding of neural dynamics and networks. This review highlights the recent progress in genetically encoded calcium and voltage indicators and discusses the future direction of imaging techniques with big data analysis that deepens our understanding of the complexities of the brain.

监测单个神经元的神经活动对于理解神经回路和大脑功能至关重要。光学成像技术的出现极大地改变了神经科学领域，使大规模神经元群体的细胞和亚细胞分辨率的详细观察成为可能。这些成像技术和先进的大数据分析的融合将进一步加速这种转变。基因编码荧光指示器检测神经活动与高信噪比是关键在这一进展。近年来，这些指标有了显著的发展，极大地增强了对神经动力学和网络的理解。这篇综述强调了基因编码钙和电压指示器的最新进展，并讨论了大数据分析成像技术的未来方向，加深了我们对大脑复杂性的理解。

引用次数: 0

Editorial: Does big data change neuroscience? 社论：大数据会改变神经科学吗？

IF 2.4 4区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience Research

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2025.04.007

Ryota Kobayashi , Ken Nakae

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Estimation of firing rate from instantaneous interspike intervals 从瞬时间隔估算发射率

IF 2.4 4区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience Research

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2024.06.006

Lubomir Kostal, Kristyna Kovacova

The rate coding hypothesis is the oldest and still one of the most accepted hypotheses of neural coding. Consequently, many approaches have been devised for the firing rate estimation, ranging from simple binning of the time axis to advanced statistical methods. Nonetheless the concept of firing rate, while informally understood, can be mathematically defined in several distinct ways. These definitions may yield mutually incompatible results unless implemented properly. Recently it has been shown that the notions of the instantaneous and the classical firing rates can be made compatible, at least in terms of their averages, by carefully discerning the time instant at which the neuronal activity is observed. In this paper we revisit the properties of instantaneous interspike intervals in order to derive several novel firing rate estimators, which are free of additional assumptions or parameters and their temporal resolution is ’locally self-adaptive’. The estimators are simple to implement and are numerically efficient even for very large sets of data.

速率编码假说是最古老的神经编码假说，也是目前最被接受的假说之一。因此，人们设计了许多方法来估计发射率，从简单的时间轴分档到先进的统计方法，不一而足。然而，尽管对发射率的概念有非正式的理解，但在数学上却有几种不同的定义。这些定义如果不能正确执行，可能会产生互不兼容的结果。最近的研究表明，通过仔细辨别观察神经元活动的时间瞬间，可以使瞬时发射率和经典发射率的概念相容，至少就其平均值而言是如此。在本文中，我们重新审视了瞬时棘间间隔的特性，从而推导出几种新的发射率估计器，它们不需要额外的假设或参数，其时间分辨率是 "局部自适应 "的。这些估计器的实现非常简单，即使在数据量非常大的情况下也能有效计算。

引用次数: 0

Bayesian estimation of trunk-leg coordination during walking using phase oscillator models 利用相位振荡器模型对行走过程中躯干-腿协调性进行贝叶斯估计。

IF 2.4 4区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience Research

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2024.10.002

Haruma Furukawa , Takahiro Arai , Tetsuro Funato , Shinya Aoi , Toshio Aoyagi

In human walking, the legs and other body parts coordinate to produce a rhythm with appropriate phase relationships. From the point of view for rehabilitating gait disorders, such as Parkinson Disorders, it is important to understand the control mechanism of the gait rhythm. A previous study showed that the antiphase relationship of the two legs during walking is not strictly controlled using the reduction of the motion of the legs during walking to coupled phase oscillators. However, the control mechanisms other than those of the legs remains unknown. In particular, the trunk moves in tandem with the legs and must play an important role in stabilizing walking because it is above the legs and accounts for more than half of the mass of the human body. This study aims to uncover the control mechanism of the leg-trunk coordination in the sagittal plane using the coupled phase oscillators model and Bayesian estimation. We demonstrate that the leg-trunk coordination is not strictly controlled, as well as the interleg coordination.

在人类行走过程中，腿部和其他身体部位协调产生具有适当相位关系的节奏。从帕金森病等步态障碍康复的角度来看，了解步态节奏的控制机制非常重要。之前的一项研究表明，通过将行走时双腿的运动还原为耦合相位振荡器，并不能严格控制行走时双腿的反相位关系。然而，除双腿之外的控制机制仍然未知。特别是躯干与双腿同步运动，由于躯干位于双腿之上，并且占人体质量的一半以上，因此躯干在稳定行走方面必须发挥重要作用。本研究旨在利用耦合相位振荡器模型和贝叶斯估计揭示矢状面上腿-躯干协调的控制机制。我们证明，腿-躯干协调以及腿间协调并未受到严格控制。

引用次数: 0

Future projections for mammalian whole-brain simulations based on technological trends in related fields 基于相关领域技术发展趋势的哺乳动物全脑模拟未来预测。

IF 2.4 4区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience Research

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2024.11.005

Jun Igarashi

Large-scale brain simulation allows us to understand the interaction of vast numbers of neurons having nonlinear dynamics to help understand the information processing mechanisms in the brain. The scale of brain simulations continues to rise as computer performance improves exponentially. However, a simulation of the human whole brain has not yet been achieved as of 2024 due to insufficient computational performance and brain measurement data. This paper examines technological trends in supercomputers, cell type classification, connectomics, and large-scale activity measurements relevant to whole-brain simulation. Based on these trends, we attempt to predict the feasible timeframe for mammalian whole-brain simulation. Our estimates suggest that mouse whole-brain simulation at the cellular level could be realized around 2034, marmoset around 2044, and human likely later than 2044.

大规模大脑模拟使我们能够了解大量具有非线性动态特性的神经元之间的相互作用，从而帮助我们了解大脑的信息处理机制。随着计算机性能的指数级提高，大脑模拟的规模也在不断扩大。然而，由于计算性能和大脑测量数据不足，截至 2024 年，人类全脑模拟尚未实现。本文探讨了与全脑模拟相关的超级计算机、细胞类型分类、连接组学和大规模活动测量的技术趋势。基于这些趋势，我们试图预测哺乳动物全脑模拟的可行时间框架。我们的估计表明，小鼠全脑模拟在细胞水平上可在 2034 年左右实现，狨猴可在 2044 年左右实现，而人类则可能晚于 2044 年。

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A data augmentation procedure to improve detection of spike ripples in brain voltage recordings 改进脑电压记录中尖峰波纹检测的数据增强程序。

IF 2.4 4区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience Research

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2024.07.005

Emily D. Schlafly , Daniel Carbonero , Catherine J. Chu , Mark A. Kramer

Epilepsy is a major neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, spontaneous seizures. For patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, treatments include neurostimulation or surgical removal of the epileptogenic zone (EZ), the brain region responsible for seizure generation. Precise targeting of the EZ requires reliable biomarkers. Spike ripples - high-frequency oscillations that co-occur with large amplitude epileptic discharges - have gained prominence as a candidate biomarker. However, spike ripple detection remains a challenge. The gold-standard approach requires an expert manually visualize and interpret brain voltage recordings, which limits reproducibility and high-throughput analysis. Addressing these limitations requires more objective, efficient, and automated methods for spike ripple detection, including approaches that utilize deep neural networks. Despite advancements, dataset heterogeneity and scarcity severely limit machine learning performance. Our study explores long-short term memory (LSTM) neural network architectures for spike ripple detection, leveraging data augmentation to improve classifier performance. We highlight the potential of combining training on augmented and in vivo data for enhanced spike ripple detection and ultimately improving diagnostic accuracy in epilepsy treatment.

癫痫是一种主要的神经系统疾病，其特点是反复、自发的癫痫发作。对于耐药性癫痫患者，治疗方法包括神经刺激或手术切除致痫区（EZ），即导致癫痫发作的脑区。要精确定位 EZ 需要可靠的生物标志物。尖峰波纹--与大振幅癫痫放电同时出现的高频振荡--作为一种候选生物标志物已逐渐受到重视。然而，尖峰波纹检测仍然是一项挑战。金标准方法需要专家手动观察和解释脑电压记录，这限制了可重复性和高通量分析。要解决这些局限性，需要更客观、高效和自动化的尖峰波纹检测方法，包括利用深度神经网络的方法。尽管取得了进步，但数据集的异质性和稀缺性严重限制了机器学习的性能。我们的研究探索了用于尖峰波纹检测的长短期记忆（LSTM）神经网络架构，利用数据增强来提高分类器性能。我们强调了在增强数据和活体数据上结合训练以增强尖峰波纹检测并最终提高癫痫治疗诊断准确性的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Inference of monosynaptic connections from parallel spike trains: A review 从平行尖峰序列推断单突触连接：综述。

IF 2.4 4区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience Research

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2024.07.006

Ryota Kobayashi , Shigeru Shinomoto

This article presents a mini-review about the progress in inferring monosynaptic connections from spike trains of multiple neurons over the past twenty years. First, we explain a variety of meanings of “neuronal connectivity” in different research areas of neuroscience, such as structural connectivity, monosynaptic connectivity, and functional connectivity. Among these, we focus on the methods used to infer the monosynaptic connectivity from spike data. We then summarize the inference methods based on two main approaches, i.e., correlation-based and model-based approaches. Finally, we describe available source codes for connectivity inference and future challenges. Although inference will never be perfect, the accuracy of identifying the monosynaptic connections has improved dramatically in recent years due to continuous efforts.

本文简要回顾了过去二十年来从多个神经元的尖峰序列推断单突触连接的研究进展。首先，我们解释了神经科学不同研究领域中 "神经元连接 "的各种含义，如结构连接、单突触连接和功能连接。其中，我们重点关注从尖峰数据推断单突触连通性的方法。然后，我们总结了基于两种主要方法的推断方法，即基于相关性的方法和基于模型的方法。最后，我们介绍了用于连接性推断的可用源代码以及未来的挑战。尽管推断永远不可能完美无缺，但经过近年来的不断努力，识别单突触连接的准确性已经有了显著提高。

引用次数: 0

Molecular, neural, and tissue circuits underlying physiological temperature responses in Caenorhabditis elegans 草履虫生理温度反应的分子、神经和组织回路。

IF 2.4 4区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience Research

Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2024.11.001

Yukina Mori , Akane Ohta , Atsushi Kuhara

Temperature is a constant environmental factor on Earth, acting as a continuous stimulus that organisms must constantly perceive to survive. Organisms possess neural systems that receive various types of environmental information, including temperature, and mechanisms for adapting to their surroundings. This paper provides insights into the neural circuits and intertissue networks involved in physiological temperature responses, specifically the mechanisms of “cold tolerance” and “temperature acclimation,” based on an analysis of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as an experimental system for neural and intertissue information processing.

温度是地球上一个恒定的环境因素，是生物必须不断感知才能生存的持续刺激。生物拥有接收各种环境信息（包括温度）的神经系统，以及适应周围环境的机制。本文基于对线虫作为神经和组织间信息处理实验系统的分析，深入探讨了生理温度反应所涉及的神经回路和组织间网络，特别是 "耐寒 "和 "温度适应 "的机制。

引用次数: 0

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