Neuroscience Research最新文献_第6页

A supplemental receiver coil recovers frontal and subcortical functional magnetic resonance imaging signals under half-volume head coil configuration 在半体积头线圈配置下，补充接收线圈恢复额叶和皮层下功能磁共振成像信号。

IF 2.3 4区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience Research

Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2025.104943

Yucong Yuan , Toshiko Tanaka , Daisuke Nishiyama , Yasuhiro Shimada , Ichiro Fujimoto , Tomoki Haji , Atsushi Wada , Masahiko Haruno

The need for multisensory devices such as virtual reality and touch during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is increasing. However, implementation of those devices requires a large presentation system, and the face-covering receiver coil obstructs their placement. To create more space, it has been proposed to remove the front half coil and place a small elliptical flex receiver coil on the participant's forehead. However, this coil configuration's signal intensity has not been evaluated quantitatively and needs validation for use in various fMRI experiments. In this study, we first compared signal-to-noise ratios of resting-state fMRI for different brain regions under full, posterior half only, and posterior half + flex coil conditions and found that the flex coil improved the fMRI signal in both frontal and subcortical regions significantly. Furthermore, we tested the flex coil during a facial expression discrimination task, finding it enabled the detection of task-related fMRI signals in areas related to emotional decision-making and perception such as the amygdala. Thus, this study demonstrated the usefulness of the flex configuration in various fMRI experiments requiring additional equipment in front of the face, expanding the range of fMRI studies.

在功能磁共振成像（fMRI）中，对虚拟现实和触觉等多感官设备的需求正在增加。然而，这些设备的实现需要一个大的呈现系统，并且覆盖面部的接收器线圈阻碍了它们的放置。为了创造更多的空间，有人建议移除前半线圈，并在参与者的额头上放置一个小的椭圆弯曲接收器线圈。然而，这种线圈结构的信号强度尚未定量评估，需要在各种功能磁共振成像实验中使用验证。在本研究中，我们首先比较了静息状态下不同脑区fMRI的信噪比，包括满脑、后半脑和后半脑+弯曲线圈的情况，发现弯曲线圈显著改善了额叶和皮层下区域的fMRI信号。此外，我们在面部表情识别任务中测试了弯曲线圈，发现它可以在杏仁核等与情绪决策和感知相关的区域检测到与任务相关的fMRI信号。因此，本研究证明了在各种需要在面部前附加设备的功能磁共振成像实验中，弯曲配置的有用性，扩大了功能磁共振成像研究的范围。

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引用次数: 0

Establishment of a transgenic strain for the whole brain calcium imaging in larval medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) medaka鱼幼鱼全脑钙显像转基因菌株的建立。

IF 2.3 4区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience Research

Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2025.104944

Takahide Seki , Kazuhiro Miyanari , Asuka Shiraishi , Sachiko Tsuda , Satoshi Ansai , Hideaki Takeuchi

GCaMP-based calcium imaging is a powerful tool for investigating neural function in specific neurons. We generated transgenic (Tg) medaka strains expressing jGCaMP7s across extensive brain regions under the control of the gap43 promoter. Using these Tg larvae, calcium imaging successfully detected a tricaine-induced suppression of spontaneous neural activity and topographical visual responses in the optic tectum elicited by moving paramecia or optical fiber stimulation. These results indicate that our Tg medaka strains provide a versatile platform for investigating neural dynamics and their responses to various stimuli.

基于gcamp的钙成像是研究特定神经元神经功能的有力工具。我们在gap43启动子的控制下，在广泛的脑区产生了表达jGCaMP7s的转基因（Tg） medaka菌株。利用这些Tg幼虫，钙成像成功地检测到三卡因诱导的自发神经活动和由移动草草虫或光纤刺激引起的视顶叶地形视觉反应的抑制。这些结果表明，我们的Tg medaka菌株为研究神经动力学及其对各种刺激的反应提供了一个通用的平台。

引用次数: 0

Neural responses to male and female voices: An event-related potential study on listener and speaker differences 对男性和女性声音的神经反应：听者和说话者差异的事件相关电位研究。

IF 2.3 4区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience Research

Pub Date : 2025-07-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2025.104942

Eunbi Park , Misato Kasuya , Fumitaka Homae

This study investigated sex-based differences in the temporal dynamics of brain responses to male and female voices using electroencephalography (EEG). We examined whether the sex of the speaker and listener influenced the early and late event-related potential (ERP) components. The participants (14 females and 15 males) listened to voice stimuli and identified the speaker’s sex. The results showed a trend toward lower recognition accuracy for female voices. EEG revealed distinct differences in responses; both male and female participants exhibited stronger positivity for female voices, whereas late-stage components showed pronounced responses to female voices in male participants. These findings suggest that voice-based sex identification relies on both basic acoustic feature processing and advanced cognitive stages with sex-specific dynamics in brain responses. This study provides insight into the neural mechanisms of voice perception and highlights the influence of the interaction between voice gender and listener’s sex, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of social communication.

本研究利用脑电图（EEG）研究了基于性别的大脑对男声和女声反应的时间动态差异。我们研究了说话者和听话者的性别是否会影响事件相关电位（ERP）的早期和晚期成分。参与者（14名女性和15名男性）听声音刺激并识别说话者的性别。结果显示，女性声音的识别准确率呈下降趋势。脑电图显示两组反应有明显差异；男性和女性参与者都对女性声音表现出更强的积极性，而男性参与者的后期成分对女性声音表现出明显的反应。这些发现表明，基于声音的性别识别既依赖于基本的声学特征处理，也依赖于大脑反应中具有性别特异性动态的高级认知阶段。本研究揭示了语音感知的神经机制，并强调了语音性别与听者性别之间的交互作用的影响，从而有助于对社会交际的更深入理解。

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引用次数: 0

Neural mechanisms for the control of thirst and salt appetite in response to body fluid conditions and intake behavior 根据体液状况和摄入行为控制口渴和盐的食欲的神经机制。

IF 2.3 4区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience Research

Pub Date : 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2025.104941

Takashi Matsuda

Terrestrial animals, including humans, seek out and consume adequate amounts of water and salt on a daily basis to maintain body fluid homeostasis. To initiate water and salt intake behaviors, the brain anticipates and senses fluid imbalances, i.e., changes in [Na⁺ ] and relevant circulating hormones, including angiotensin II and aldosterone. Circumventricular organs, such as the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis and subfornical organ, continuously detect information about body fluids and convert it into neuronal signals that drive or quench thirst and salt appetite. On the other hand, signals for water and salt intake are detected in peripheral organs and sent back to the control center for the transient suppression of thirst and salt appetite through specific neural circuits. Some brain regions integrate this information to maintain the harmony of body fluid balance. This review discusses the neural mechanisms responsible for monitoring fluid imbalances, driving the motivation for thirst and salt appetite, and then quenching this motivation after the ingestion of water and salt. Based on our findings and those of other studies, the mechanisms by which the brain integrates multiple sources of information to flexibly control thirst and salt appetite are also highlighted.

陆生动物，包括人类，每天都要寻找和消耗足量的水和盐，以维持体液平衡。为了启动水和盐的摄入行为，大脑预测和感知液体失衡，即[Na+]和相关循环激素（包括血管紧张素II和醛固酮）的变化。心室周围器官，如血管终板器官和皮层下器官，不断地检测体液信息并将其转化为神经元信号，驱动或消除口渴和盐的食欲。另一方面，外周器官检测到水和盐摄入的信号，并通过特定的神经回路发送回控制中心，短暂抑制口渴和盐的食欲。大脑的一些区域整合这些信息来维持体液平衡的和谐。本文综述了监测体液失衡、驱动口渴和盐食欲的神经机制，然后在摄入水和盐后熄灭这种动机。基于我们和其他研究的发现，大脑整合多种信息来源以灵活控制口渴和盐食欲的机制也得到了强调。

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引用次数: 0

Asfotase alfa restores PLP-dependent GABA, cystathionine, and amino acid metabolism in a mouse model of hypophosphatasia 在低磷酸症小鼠模型中，Asfotase α恢复plp依赖的GABA、胱胱甘氨酸和氨基酸代谢。

IF 2.4 4区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience Research

Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2025.104940

Kathryn N. Phoenix , Andre Marozsan , Susan Liu-Chen , Lizhong Zhang , Amit Mogha , Yan Wong , Catherine A. Brownstein , Raja Padidela

This study assessed whether asfotase alfa treatment in Akp2^-/- mice (a model of hypophosphatasia) reversibly normalizes GABA and cystathionine in brain tissue to concentrations in wild-type mice. To do this, metabolite concentrations were analyzed at postnatal days 10 and 48. The data showed that asfotase alfa treatment significantly increased GABA concentrations and significantly decreased cystathionine concentrations in Akp2^-/- mice compared with vehicle-treated Akp2^-/- mice (GABA: 1.28 ± 0.03 vs 0.48 ± 0.02 μmol/g [P < 0.0001]; cystathionine: 0.06 ± 0.00 vs 0.60 ± 0.02 μmol/g [P < 0.0001]). Concentrations post-treatment were similar to those in wild-type mice. Asfotase alfa withdrawal negated these effects. These analyses demonstrated that asfotase alfa restores GABA and cystathionine concentrations in a murine model of hypophosphatasia.

本研究评估了在Akp2-/-小鼠（低磷酸症模型）中使用asfotase α fa是否可逆地使脑组织中GABA和半胱硫氨酸的浓度恢复到野生型小鼠的水平。为此，在出生后第10天和第48天分析代谢物浓度。结果表明，与Akp2-/-小鼠相比，asfotase α fa处理显著提高了Akp2-/-小鼠GABA浓度，显著降低了Akp2-/-小鼠胱硫氨酸浓度（GABA: 1.28±0.03 μmol/g vs 0.48±0.02 μmol/g）

引用次数: 0

Functional analysis of periaqueductal gray neurons projecting to the medulla in active and passive defensive behaviors 主动和被动防御行为中投射到延髓的导水管周围灰色神经元的功能分析

IF 2.4 4区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience Research

Pub Date : 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2025.104939

Yuki Honshuku , Yuki Yamaguchi , Koki Kawazoe , Yuki Nishida , Yuki Kurauchi , Masabumi Minami , Hiroshi Katsuki , Natsuko Hitora-Imamura

Fear responses and defensive behaviors are essential for survival. Fear responses are mediated by neural circuits that detect threatening stimuli and classify them as “unpleasant” or “aversive”. These circuits coordinate the selection of defensive behaviors, such as freezing or flight, depending on the perceived imminence of the threat. Activation of excitatory neurons in the lateral/ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (l/vlPAG) induces diverse fear responses, depending on the subregions, projection targets, and stimulation intensity. Some l/vlPAG neurons project to the magnocellular nucleus of the medulla (Mc). However, it remains unclear which of the diverse behaviors arising from different intensities of l/vlPAG stimulation are mediated via the l/vlPAG-Mc pathway. Additionally, the role of the l/vlPAG-Mc pathway activation in driving negative or positive valence-related behavior is unknown. To address these questions, we used optogenetics to stimulate Mc-projecting l/vlPAG neurons at two levels of light intensity and analyzed the resulting behavioral changes. Strong stimulation of Mc-projecting l/vlPAG neurons induced flight behavior, whereas weak stimulation elicited a freezing response. Real-time and conditioned place aversion tests indicated that strong stimulation was aversive. These findings suggest that strong stimulation of Mc-projecting l/vlPAG neurons induces active defensive behavior and behavioral aversion, while weak stimulation induces passive defensive behavior.

恐惧反应和防御行为是生存所必需的。恐惧反应是由神经回路调节的，神经回路检测到威胁刺激，并将其分类为“不愉快”或“厌恶”。这些回路根据感知到的威胁迫近性来协调防御行为的选择，比如冻结或逃跑。侧/腹外侧导水管周围灰质（l/vlPAG）兴奋性神经元的激活会引起不同的恐惧反应，这取决于亚区、投射目标和刺激强度。一些l/vlPAG神经元投射到髓质的大细胞核（Mc）。然而，目前尚不清楚不同强度的l/vlPAG刺激引起的各种行为中，哪些是通过l/vlPAG- mc途径介导的。此外，l/vlPAG-Mc通路激活在驱动负或正价价相关行为中的作用尚不清楚。为了解决这些问题，我们使用光遗传学方法在两个光强水平下刺激mc -投射l/vlPAG神经元，并分析由此产生的行为变化。强刺激mc - l/vlPAG神经元诱导飞行行为，弱刺激诱导冻结反应。即时和条件厌恶实验表明，强刺激具有厌恶性。这些结果表明，强刺激mc - l/vlPAG神经元可诱导主动防御行为和行为厌恶，弱刺激可诱导被动防御行为。

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引用次数: 0

Formyl peptide receptor 2 antagonist WRW4 ameliorates diabetes-induced cognitive decline in mice 甲酰基肽受体2拮抗剂WRW4改善糖尿病诱导的小鼠认知能力下降。

IF 2.4 4区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience Research

Pub Date : 2025-07-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2025.104932

Hiroki Uno , Takahide Itokazu , Toshihide Yamashita

Cognitive impairment is a significant complication of diabetes. Although the detailed mechanism remains unclear, prolonged neuroinflammation mediated by microglia is recognized as a key contributor to neural dysfunction. Recent studies have shown that Formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1), a G protein-coupled chemoattractant receptor, plays a role in microglial activation and brain pathology. However, the involvement of FPR2, another isoform within the FPR family, in microglial activation and cognitive decline has not yet been explored. In this study, we observed an increased expression of FPR2 in microglia within the hippocampus of type 2 diabetes (db/db) mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that intracerebroventricular administration of WRW4, a selective FPR2 antagonist, alleviates diabetes-related cognitive decline. Histological analysis revealed that WRW4 treatment mitigates morphological alteration and upregulation of a phagocytic marker (CD68) of the microglia in the hippocampus of db/db mice. These results indicate that FPR2 plays a critical role in inducing diabetes-related microglial phenotype. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of FPR2 signal inhibition as a novel strategy to mitigate cognitive decline associated with diabetes.

认知障碍是糖尿病的一个重要并发症。虽然详细的机制尚不清楚，但由小胶质细胞介导的长期神经炎症被认为是神经功能障碍的关键因素。近年来的研究表明，甲酰基肽受体1 （FPR1）是一种G蛋白偶联的化学引诱剂受体，在小胶质细胞的激活和脑病理中起着重要作用。然而，FPR家族中的另一种亚型FPR2在小胶质细胞激活和认知能力下降中的作用尚未被探索。在本研究中，我们观察到2型糖尿病小鼠海马内小胶质细胞中FPR2的表达增加（db/db）。此外，我们证明了脑室内给药WRW4（一种选择性FPR2拮抗剂）可以减轻糖尿病相关的认知能力下降。组织学分析显示，WRW4处理减轻了db/db小鼠海马小胶质细胞形态改变和吞噬标志物（CD68）的上调。这些结果表明，FPR2在诱导糖尿病相关的小胶质细胞表型中起关键作用。这些发现强调了FPR2信号抑制作为一种缓解糖尿病相关认知能力下降的新策略的治疗潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Biased thalamic innervation onto the distinct subregion where dopamine receptor 1 is dominantly expressed in the caudal striatum 偏置丘脑神经支配到多巴胺受体1在尾状体中主要表达的独特亚区。

IF 2.4 4区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience Research

Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2025.104930

Fuko Kadono , Jingqi Wang , Kenta Kobayashi , Fuyuki Karube , Fumino Fujiyama

In the ventral part of the caudal striatum, the direct and indirect pathway neurons are unevenly distributed, forming zones with a paucity of neurons with dopamine receptor 1 (D1R) or dopamine receptor 2 (D2R), referred as D1R- or D2R-poor zone (D1pz or D2pz, respectively). This contrasts with their uniform distribution in other striatal regions. A key question is whether D1pz and D2pz function as a unit or independently. Since the striatum requires afferent excitatory inputs for activation, investigating biased excitatory inputs to the caudal striatum is essential. Our findings indicate that vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGluT2) was concentrated in D2pz, suggesting biased excitatory innervation. Retrograde tracer labeling identified potential sources of subcortical glutamatergic projections. Projection from the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) was visualized using VGluT2-Cre mice. PVT preferentially projected to the ventral caudal region in the striatum. Quantitative analysis of PVT axons revealed preferential localization in the D2pz, with fewer axons in the D1pz. The substantia nigra pars lateralis, innervated by the caudal striatum, did not project to the PVT, suggesting the caudal striatum and PVT may not form a part of the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic loop. These results imply that D1pz and D2pz may be differentially activated by PVT inputs, selectively recruiting direct pathways.

在尾侧纹状体腹侧，直接和间接通路神经元分布不均匀，形成多巴胺受体1 （D1R）或多巴胺受体2 （D2R）神经元缺乏的区域，称为D1R-或D2R-贫区（分别为D1pz或D2pz）。这与它们在其他纹状体区域的均匀分布形成对比。一个关键问题是D1pz和D2pz是作为一个整体还是独立发挥作用。由于纹状体需要传入兴奋输入来激活，因此研究尾侧纹状体的偏向性兴奋输入是必要的。我们的研究结果表明，水疱性谷氨酸转运蛋白2 （VGluT2）集中在D2pz，提示偏向性兴奋神经支配。逆行示踪标记确定了皮层下谷氨酸能投射的潜在来源。使用VGluT2-Cre小鼠观察丘脑室旁核（PVT）的投影。PVT优先投射到纹状体尾侧腹侧区。定量分析显示PVT轴突优先定位于D2pz，而D1pz轴突较少。由尾状纹状体支配的黑质外侧部没有投射到PVT，这表明尾状纹状体和PVT可能不是皮质-基底神经节-丘脑回路的一部分。这些结果表明，D1pz和D2pz可能被PVT输入不同地激活，选择性地招募直接通路。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of MEK1/2 blocker U0126 on the medial preoptic synapse and behavioral selection of male mice MEK1/2阻滞剂U0126对雄性小鼠内侧视前突触和行为选择的影响。

IF 2.4 4区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience Research

Pub Date : 2025-06-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2025.104929

Yumi Hamasaki, Masabumi Minami, Taiju Amano

The central part of the mouse medial preoptic area (cMPOA) is involved in parental behavior because the neurotoxic lesion of the cMPOA disturbed parental behavior and switched to infanticidal behavior. The cMPOA receives projection from many brain regions, including the medial amygdala (Me). We have previously found that optogenetic inhibition of the projection pathway from the Me to the cMPOA in virgin male mice suppressed the infanticidal behavior of virgin mice toward pups. Furthermore, electrophysiological analysis has revealed that intracellular signaling-mediated disinhibition occurs in the cMPOA neurons during the transition from virgin to father in gestation experience (FGE) mice. However, the specific downstream signal transduction pathway remains unclear. In this study, we utilized U0126, a MEK1/2 inhibitor, because U0126 has been reported to modulate GABAergic currents. Therefore, we examined the contribution of U0126 at the synaptic and behavioral levels. Applying U0126 to the cMPOA neurons in FGE mice restored eIPSP as much as that in cMPOA neurons in virgin mice. Furthermore, microinfusion of U0126 into the cMPOA shifted the behavioral pattern of FGE mice toward infanticide. These changes were not observed in the mice that experienced parenting. The results suggest that MEK1/2 mediates neurotransmission in the cMPOA and contributes to the stage transition from virgin to FGE mice after mating with females.

小鼠内侧视前区（cMPOA）的中央部分参与亲代行为，因为cMPOA的神经毒性病变扰乱了亲代行为并转变为杀婴行为。cpoa接收来自许多大脑区域的投射，包括内侧杏仁核（Me）。我们之前已经发现，光遗传抑制从Me到cpoa的雄性小鼠的投射途径可以抑制雄性小鼠对幼崽的杀婴行为。此外，电生理分析显示，在妊娠经历（FGE）小鼠从处女到父亲的转变过程中，细胞内信号介导的去抑制发生在cMPOA神经元中。然而，具体的下游信号转导途径尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们使用了MEK1/2抑制剂U0126，因为已有报道称U0126可以调节gaba能电流。因此，我们研究了U0126在突触和行为水平上的贡献。U0126作用于FGE小鼠的cMPOA神经元后，eIPSP的恢复程度与未处理小鼠的相同。此外，将U0126微量注入cpoa可使FGE小鼠的行为模式转向杀婴。这些变化在经历父母抚养的老鼠身上没有观察到。结果表明，MEK1/2介导cpoa中的神经传递，并有助于与雌性交配后从处女小鼠到FGE小鼠的阶段转变。

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引用次数: 0

Dopamine dynamics underlying maternal motivation and reward 母性动机和奖励背后的多巴胺动态。

IF 2.4 4区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience Research

Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2025.104928

Katherine R. Day, Stephen D. Shea

Maternal behavior comprises a diverse set of caregiving actions essential for ensuring offspring survival and development. Shaped by evolutionary pressures, these behaviors range from goal-directed and coordinated overt motor actions such as nest building and pup retrieval to sustained akinetic states such as nursing and crouching. These can each be thought of as varying along two continua, one which captures the appetitive versus consummatory aspects of a given behavior, and the other describes the relative activity or passivity of the behavior. Since individual behaviors (1) vary substantially along these axes, and (2) evolve in time, we propose that motivated execution of them is likely accomplished through dynamic regulation by multiple circuits and neuromodulatory systems. One important regulator of maternal behaviors is dopamine (DA), a key neuromodulator that makes diverse contributions to behavior. Classically, dopamine is hypothesized to play a role in both the appetitive (e.g. pup retrieval) and consummatory (e.g. nursing, grooming) aspects of maternal behavior via distinct circuitry. Considering recent studies revealing the temporal dynamics of DA during maternal behavior, we examine the complexity of the concepts of appetitive and consummatory drive as maternal behavior unfolds in time. We propose that seemingly discrete behaviors, like pup retrieval, may be appreciated as evolving sequences of appetitive and consummatory components that reflect shifts in underlying neural dynamics at different timescales.

母性行为包括确保后代生存和发育所必需的各种照料行为。受进化压力的影响，这些行为范围从目标导向和协调的明显运动行为，如筑巢和幼崽的取回，到持续的动态状态，如护理和蹲伏。这些都可以被认为是沿着两个连续体变化的，一个捕获了给定行为的食欲和圆满的方面，另一个描述了行为的相对主动性或被动性。由于个体行为(1)沿着这些轴变化很大，(2)随时间而变化，我们认为动机的执行可能是通过多回路和神经调节系统的动态调节来完成的。多巴胺（DA）是母亲行为的一个重要调节因子，它是一种关键的神经调节剂，对行为有多种贡献。传统上，多巴胺被假设通过不同的电路在母性行为的食欲（如幼犬检索）和圆满（如护理，梳理）方面发挥作用。考虑到最近的研究揭示了DA在母亲行为中的时间动态，我们研究了随着母亲行为的时间展开，欲望驱动和圆满驱动概念的复杂性。我们提出，看似离散的行为，如幼犬取回，可能被理解为食欲和完善成分的进化序列，反映了不同时间尺度下潜在神经动力学的变化。

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引用次数: 0