Nutrition Journal最新文献

Objective: This study analyzed data from the US population to examine how oral microbiome diversity and diet quality individually and synergistically affect frailty.

Methods: This study included 6,283 participants aged 20 years or older from the 2009-2010 and 2011-2012 NHANES cycles. A frailty index (FI) consisting of 36 items was developed, with items related to nutritional status excluded. The diversity of the oral microbiome was assessed using α-diversity, including observed ASVs, the Shannon-Weiner index, Faith's phylogenetic diversity (PD), and the Simpson index. Dietary quality was assessed using Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean Diet Score (MED), and Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI). Multivariable logistic models were employed to examine the separate and combined associations of oral microbiome diversity and four dietary quality scores with FI, with interaction effects were explored. Several subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of our findings. Furthermore, the mediation analysis was used to explore oral microbiome diversity as a mediator in the relationship between dietary scores and FI.

Results: Both oral microbiome diversity and dietary quality scores showed significant individual associations with FI. Jointly, those in the highest tertile of oral microbiome diversity and the lowest tertile of DII had lower FI [β_{Observed ASVs} (95% CI) = -2.544(-3.678,-1.411); β_{Faith's PD} (95% CI) = -2.688(-3.783,-1.593); β_{Shannon-Weiner index} (95% CI) = -2.359(-3.333,-1.386); β_{Simpson index} (95% CI) = -1.93(-2.879,-0.981)], compared to participants in the lowest tertile of oral microbiome diversity and the highest tertile of DII. A significant interaction between oral microbiome diversity (Observed ASVs and Faith's PD) and DII in relation to FI reduction was found (P for interaction_{Observed ASVs*DII} = 0.032, P for interaction_{Faith's PD*DII} = 0.014). Other dietary scores showed similar joint associations of oral microbiome diversity with FI, but no significant interactions were observed. Further mediation analysis indicated that the proportion of DII's effect on FI mediated through Observed ASVs, Faith's PD, and the Shannon-Weiner index was 8.7%, 7.5%, and 3.4%, respectively.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that a high-quality diet and greater α-diversity of oral microbiota are significantly associated with a reduced risk of frailty. Notably, the interaction between DII and the diversity of the oral microbiota exerts a particularly substantial influence on frailty risk.

Background: No study has been conducted to investigate the association between adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and odds of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia (FD). This cross-sectional study was aimed to assess the association between adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and odds of IBS and FD.

Methods: This cross-sectional analysis was done among 1892 Iranian apparently healthy adults, aged 18 to 65 years, in Isfahan, Iran. Usual dietary intakes of participants were assessed using a validated Dish-based, 106-item food frequency questionnaire. To measure participants' adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet, the EAT-Lancet diet index (ELD-I) was calculated. IBS and FD were assessed using ROME IV criteria.

Results: In total, 5.29% and 3.17% of participants had IBS and FD, respectively. The mean age of study participants was 39.64 ± 10.24 years, and the mean BMI was 27.08 ± 4.91 kg/m². After adjustment for potential confounding factors, a significant positive association between lower adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and odds of IBS was revealed (OR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.00-3.04), but not for FD (OR: 1.37; 95% CI: 0.65-2.89).

Conclusion: A significant positive association was observed between lower adherence to EAT-Lancet diet and odds of IBS. More prospective studies are needed to affirm these associations.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory disorder marked by demyelination and axonal damage, where oxidative stress and cytokine-mediated inflammation are key pathological factors. Spirulina, a microalga rich in phycocyanin, phenolic compounds, and omega-3 fatty acids, exhibits potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, potentially targeting these pathways. This study investigated spirulina's impact on inflammatory biomarkers and quality of life in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients.

Methods: A triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial randomized 80 RRMS patients (EDSS 0-6) to receive 1 g/day spirulina (n = 40) or placebo (n = 40) for 12 weeks. Sixteen participants (20%) withdrew. Primary analysis followed the intention-to-treat (ITT) principle (N = 80) using baseline-observation-carried-forward for missing data. Serum IL-1β and IL-6 (primary outcomes) were measured by ELISA. Quality of life (MSQoL-54) and anthropometric measures were secondary outcomes.

Results: A linear mixed-effects model revealed that spirulina supplementation significantly reduced serum IL-1β (Estimate = - 1.07 ± 0.14, p < 0.001) and IL-6 levels (Estimate = - 2.66 ± 0.26, p < 0.001) compared to placebo. Significant improvements were also observed in health perception (Estimate = - 0.49 ± 0.12, p < 0.001), physical function (-0.37 ± 0.11, p < 0.001), role limitation-physical (-0.36 ± 0.16, p = 0.030), energy (-0.64 ± 0.15, p < 0.001), and sexual function (-1.31 ± 0.29, p < 0.001). No significant effects were found for emotional wellbeing, health distress, social function, cognitive function, sexual satisfaction, overall quality of life, or total mental health. Anthropometric analysis showed a significant weight reduction in the spirulina group versus placebo (-2.85 ± 1.13 kg, p = 0.015), while BMI reduction was borderline significant (-0.78 ± 0.41, p = 0.060). No significant changes were observed in waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, energy intake, or physical activity.

Conclusion: Spirulina supplementation significantly reduced pro-inflammatory markers and improved multiple physical and cognitive quality of life domains in patients with RRMS. Spirulina shows promise as a safe adjunct therapy in MS management, but larger trials with longer follow-up are warranted to confirm these findings and explore its clinical utility alongside DMTs.

Trial registration: The trial is registered with the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (ID IRCT2024124060794N1), with registration completed on 4 February 2024. Informed consent will be secured from each participant or their legal guardian.

Background: Currently, there is an absence of large-scale research focusing on the metabolome profiles of individuals prior to the development of sepsis. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of circulating Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) metabolic biomarkers with the risk of incident sepsis and the predictive ability of these metabolites for sepsis.

Methods: The analysis utilized plasma metabolomic data measuring through NMR from the UK Biobank, which involved baseline plasma samples of 106,533 participants. The multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the associations of each circulating NMR metabolite biomarker with risk of incident sepsis. The full cohort was randomly assigned to a training set (n = 53,267) and a test set (n = 53,266) to develop and validate the sepsis risk prediction model. In training set, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and stepwise Cox regression analyses were used to develop the prediction model. In test set, the predictive ability of conventional risk factors-based and combined metabolic biomarkers prediction model was assessed by Harrell's C-index. The incremental predictive power of the metabolic biomarkers was evaluated with continuous net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI).

Results: A total of 90 circulating metabolic biomarkers were significantly associated with risk of incident sepsis (all FDR adjusted P value < 0.05). Of these, triglycerides related lipid sub-classes, glycolysis, ketone bodies, and inflammation related metabolite biomarkers, creatinine, and phenylalanine were positively associated with risk of incident sepsis, while most of other lipid sub-classes, albumin, histidine, fatty acid and cholines related metabolic biomarkers were negatively associated with risk of sepsis. The Harrell's C-index of the conventional prediction model was 0.733 (95% CI: 0.722, 0.745) for incident sepsis; after adding the circulating NMR metabolic biomarkers to the conventional prediction model, the Harrell's C-index increased to 0.741 (95% CI: 0.730, 0.753) for incident sepsis. In addition, the continuous NRI and IDI were 0.022 (95% CI: 0.015, 0.043, P < 0.05) and 0.009 (95% CI: 0.006, 0.014, P < 0.05).

Conclusion: This study identified multiple plasma metabolic biomarkers were associated with risk of incident sepsis. The addition of these metabolic biomarkers to the conventional risk factors-based model significantly improved the prediction precision.