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Brief instruments for measuring nutrition literacy - the Nutrition Health Literacy Scale and the Self-Perceived Food Literacy Scale Short Form. 测量营养知识的简易工具--营养健康知识量表和自我感觉食物知识量表简表。
IF 4.4 2区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00971-z
Robert Griebler, Denise Schütze, Thomas Link, Karin Schindler

Background: A healthy diet is a critical factor in maintaining long-term health. In addition to a health-promoting food environment, the nutrition health literacy (NHL) and food literacy (FL) of the population are important in this context. This paper describes the development and validation of two short instruments to measure the nutrition literacy of the population, used in the Austrian Nutrition Literacy Survey 2021.

Methods: An instrument to measure NHL (Nutrition Health Literacy Scale; NHLS) has been adapted and further developed. To measure FL, the Self-perceived Food Literacy Scale by Poelman et al. has been modified and shortened (SPFL-SF). Validation of the instruments was based on data from a web survey conducted in Austria in 2021 with almost 3,000 participants aged 18 years and older. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to assess the factorial validity/dimensionality of the instruments. Additionally, internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, ordinal alpha, and McDonald's omega.

Results: Both instruments demonstrate excellent data-model fit. The NHLS also shows excellent internal consistency (α = 0.91), while the SPFL-SF displays a sufficient internal consistency for all (α between 0.70 and 0.89) but one sub-dimension (resisting temptation α = 0.61). Furthermore, the distribution of the items indicates that the measures are understandable and suitable, as evidenced by the absence of missing values in the sample. In addition, the items of both instruments differ in their level of difficulty or agreement.

Conclusions: The NHLS and SPFL-SF are reliable and valid instruments for measuring NHL and FL in the general adult population. The brief instruments measuring the different aspects of nutrition literacy can be easily used in nutritional or evaluation studies. Further work is required to investigate other aspects of validity.

背景:健康饮食是保持长期健康的关键因素。在此背景下,除了促进健康的食品环境外,居民的营养健康素养(NHL)和食品素养(FL)也很重要。本文介绍了 2021 年奥地利营养素养调查(Austrian Nutrition Literacy Survey 2021)中使用的两种测量居民营养素养的简易工具的开发和验证情况:方法:对营养健康素养测量工具(营养健康素养量表;NHLS)进行了改编和进一步开发。为了测量FL,对Poelman等人的 "自我感觉食物素养量表"(SPFL-SF)进行了修改和缩短。2021 年在奥地利对近 3000 名 18 岁及以上的参与者进行了网络调查,根据调查数据对这些工具进行了验证。为了评估问卷的因子有效性/维度性,我们对问卷进行了探索性和确认性因子分析。此外,还使用 Cronbach's alpha、ordinal alpha 和 McDonald's omega 评估了内部一致性:结果:两种工具都显示出极佳的数据模型拟合度。NHLS 也显示出极佳的内部一致性(α = 0.91),而 SPFL-SF 除一个子维度(抵制诱惑 α = 0.61)外,其他维度都显示出足够的内部一致性(α 在 0.70 和 0.89 之间)。此外,从项目的分布来看,测量结果是可以理解的,也是合适的,这一点可以从样本中没有缺失值得到证明。此外,两种工具的项目在难度或一致性方面也存在差异:NHLS和SPFL-SF是测量普通成年人NHL和FL的可靠有效的工具。测量营养素养不同方面的简明工具可轻松用于营养或评估研究。还需要进一步研究其他方面的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Adverse events profile associated with intermittent fasting in adults with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. 与超重或肥胖成人间歇性禁食有关的不良事件概况:随机对照试验的系统回顾和荟萃分析。
IF 4.4 2区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00975-9
Fan Zhong, Ting Zhu, Xingyi Jin, Xiangjun Chen, Ruipeng Wu, Li Shao, Shaokang Wang

Background: There is little evidence to comprehensively summarize the adverse events (AEs) profile of intermittent fasting (IF) despite its widespread use in patients with overweight or obesity.

Methods: We searched the main electronic databases and registry websites to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing IF versus control groups. A direct meta-analysis using a fixed-effect model was conducted to pool the risk differences regarding common AEs and dropouts. Study quality was assessed by using the Jadad scale. Pre-specified subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore potential heterogeneity.

Results: A total of 15 RCTs involving 1,365 adult individuals were included. Findings did not show a significant difference between IF and Control in risk rate of fatigue [0%, 95% confidence interval (CI), -1% to 2%; P = 0.61], headache [0%, 95%CI: -1% to 2%; P = 0.86] and dropout [1%, 95%CI: -2% to 4%; P = 0.51]. However, a numerically higher risk of dizziness was noted among the IF alone subgroup with non-early time restricted eating [3%, 95%CI: -0% to 6%; P = 0.08].

Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggested that IF was not associated with a greater risk of AEs in adult patients affected by overweight or obesity. Additional large-scale RCTs stratified by key confounders and designed to evaluate the long-term effects of various IF regimens are needed to ascertain these AEs profile.

背景:尽管间歇性禁食广泛用于超重或肥胖症患者,但全面总结间歇性禁食不良事件(AEs)概况的证据却很少:我们搜索了主要的电子数据库和注册网站,以确定符合条件的随机对照试验(RCT),这些试验比较了间歇性禁食组和对照组。采用固定效应模型进行直接荟萃分析,以汇集常见AEs和辍学的风险差异。研究质量采用 Jadad 量表进行评估。进行了预先指定的亚组和敏感性分析,以探讨潜在的异质性:共纳入了 15 项 RCT,涉及 1,365 名成人。研究结果显示,在疲劳风险率[0%,95% 置信区间(CI):-1% 至 2%;P = 0.61]、头痛风险率[0%,95%CI:-1% 至 2%;P = 0.86]和辍学风险率[1%,95%CI:-2% 至 4%;P = 0.51]方面,IF 和对照组之间没有显著差异。然而,在不限制进食时间的单用 IF 亚组中,出现头晕的风险较高[3%,95%CI:-0% 至 6%;P = 0.08]:这项荟萃分析表明,在受超重或肥胖影响的成年患者中,中性食物与发生 AEs 的更大风险无关。要确定这些 AEs 的情况,还需要进行更多大规模的 RCT 研究,根据主要的混杂因素进行分层,并评估各种 IF 方案的长期效果。
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引用次数: 0
Differences in the cost and environmental impact between the current diet in Brazil and healthy and sustainable diets: a modeling study. 巴西当前饮食与健康和可持续饮食在成本和环境影响方面的差异:一项模型研究。
IF 4.4 2区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00973-x
Thaís Cristina Marquezine Caldeira, Stefanie Vandevijvere, Boyd Swinburn, Sally Mackay, Rafael Moreira Claro

Background: While healthy and sustainable diets benefit human and planetary health, their monetary cost has a direct impact on consumer food choices. This study aimed to identify the cost and environmental impact of the current Brazilian diet (CBD) and compare it with healthy and sustainable diets.

Methods: Data from the Brazilian Household Budget Survey 2017/18 and the Footprints of Foods and Culinary Preparations Consumed in Brazil database were used for a modeling study comparing the cost of healthy and sustainable diets (based on the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines (BDG) diet and the EAT-Lancet diet) versus the CBD. The DIETCOST program generated multiple food baskets for each scenario (Montecarlo simulations). Nutritional quality, cost, and environmental impact measures (carbon footprint (CF) and water footprint (WF)) were estimated for all diets and compared by ANOVA. Simple linear regressions used standardized environmental impacts measures to estimate differentials in costs and environmental impacts among diets scenarios.

Results: We observed significant differences in costs/1000 kcal. The BDG diet was cheaper (BRL$4.9 (95%IC:4.8;4.9) ≈ USD$1.5) than the CBD (BRL$5.6 (95%IC:5.6;5.7) ≈ USD$1.8) and the EAT-Lancet diet (BRL$6.1 (95%IC:6.0;6.1) ≈ USD$1.9). Ultra-processed foods (UPF) and red meat contributed the most to the CBD cost/1000 kcal, while fruits and vegetables made the lowest contribution to CBD. Red meat, sugary drinks, and UPF were the main contributors to the environmental impacts of the CBD. The environmental impact/1000 kcal of the CBD was nearly double (CF:3.1 kg(95%IC: 3.0;3.1); WF:2,705 L 95%IC:2,671;2,739)) the cost of the BDG diet (CF:1.4 kg (95%IC:1.4;1.4); WF:1,542 L (95%IC:1,524;1,561)) and EAT-Lancet diet (CF:1.1 kg (95%IC:1.0;1.1); WF:1,448 L (95%IC:1,428;1,469)). A one standard deviation increase in standardized CF corresponded to an increase of BRL$0.48 in the cost of the CBD, similar to standardized WF (BRL$0.56). A similar relationship between the environmental impact and the cost of the BDG (CF: BRL$0.20; WF: BRL$0.33) and EAT-Lancet (CF: BRL$0.04; WF: BRL$0.18) was found, but with a less pronounced effect.

Conclusions: The BDG diet was cost-effective, while the EAT-Lancet diet was slightly pricier than the CBD. The CBD presented almost double the CF and WF compared to the BDG and EAT-Lancet diets. The lower cost in each diet was associated with lower environmental impact, particularly for the BDG and EAT-Lancet diets. Multisectoral public policies must be applied to guide individuals and societies towards healthier and more sustainable eating patterns.

背景:健康和可持续饮食有利于人类和地球健康,但其货币成本对消费者的食品选择有直接影响。本研究旨在确定当前巴西饮食(CBD)的成本和环境影响,并将其与健康和可持续饮食进行比较:这项建模研究使用了 2017/18 年巴西家庭预算调查的数据以及巴西食品和烹饪制剂消费足迹数据库的数据,比较了健康和可持续饮食(基于巴西膳食指南(BDG)饮食和 EAT-Lancet 饮食)与 CBD 的成本。DIETCOST 程序为每种方案生成了多个食物篮子(蒙特卡罗模拟)。对所有膳食的营养质量、成本和环境影响指标(碳足迹(CF)和水足迹(WF))进行估算,并通过方差分析进行比较。简单线性回归使用标准化的环境影响指标来估算不同饮食方案的成本和环境影响差异:结果:我们观察到成本/1000 千卡有明显差异。BDG饮食(4.9 BRL$4.9 (95%IC:4.8;4.9) ≈ USD$1.5)比CBD饮食(5.6 BRL$5.6 (95%IC:5.6;5.7) ≈ USD$1.8)和EAT-Lancet饮食(6.1 BRL$6.1 (95%IC:6.0;6.1) ≈ USD$1.9)便宜。超加工食品(UPF)和红肉对 CBD 成本/1000 千卡的贡献最大,而水果和蔬菜对 CBD 的贡献最小。红肉、含糖饮料和超加工食品是造成 CBD 环境影响的主要因素。CBD 的环境影响/1000 千卡几乎是 BDG 饮食成本的两倍(CF:3.1 千克(95%IC:3.0;3.1);WF:2,705 千卡(95%IC:2,671;2,739))(CF:1.4 kg (95%IC:1.4;1.4); WF:1,542 L (95%IC:1,524;1,561)) 和 EAT-Lancet 日粮 (CF:1.1 kg (95%IC:1.0;1.1); WF:1,448 L (95%IC:1,428;1,469)) 的成本。标准化 CF 值每增加一个标准差,CBD 的成本就会增加 0.48 BRL,与标准化 WF 值(0.56 BRL)相似。环境影响与 BDG(CF:0.20 BRL$;WF:0.33 BRL$)和 EAT-Lancet(CF:0.04 BRL$;WF:0.18 BRL$)的成本之间存在类似的关系,但影响不那么明显:结论:BDG 日粮具有成本效益,而 EAT-Lancet 日粮的价格略高于 CBD 日粮。与 BDG 和 EAT-Lancet 日粮相比,CBD 日粮的 CF 和 WF 几乎是后者的两倍。每种日粮的成本较低,对环境的影响也较小,尤其是 BDG 和 EAT-Lancet 日粮。必须采用多部门公共政策,引导个人和社会采用更健康、更可持续的饮食模式。
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引用次数: 0
Correlation between serum trimethylamine-N-oxide and body fat distribution in middle-aged and older adults: a prospective cohort study. 中老年人血清三甲胺-N-氧化物与体内脂肪分布的相关性:一项前瞻性队列研究。
IF 4.4 2区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00974-w
Si Chen, Xiao-Yan Chen, Zi-Hui Huang, Ai-Ping Fang, Shu-Yi Li, Rong-Zhu Huang, Yu-Ming Chen, Bi-Xia Huang, Hui-Lian Zhu

Background: Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is linked with obesity, while limited evidence on its relationship with body fat distribution. Herein, we investigated the associations between serum TMAO and longitudinal change of fat distribution in this prospective cohort study.

Methods: Data of 1964 participants (40-75y old) from Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study (GNHS) during 2008-2014 was analyzed. Serum TMAO concentration was quantified by HPLC-MS/MS at baseline. The body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at each 3-y follow-up. Fat distribution parameters were fat-to-lean mass ratio (FLR) and trunk-to-leg fat ratio (TLR). Fat distribution changes were derived from the coefficient of linear regression between their parameters and follow-up duration.

Results: After an average of 6.2-y follow-up, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and linear regression displayed women with higher serum TMAO level had greater increments in trunk FLR (mean ± SD: 1.47 ± 4.39, P-trend = 0.006) and TLR (mean ± SD: 0.06 ± 0.24, P-trend = 0.011). Meanwhile, for women in the highest TMAO tertile, linear mixed-effects model (LMEM) analysis demonstrated the annual estimated increments (95% CI) were 0.03 (95% CI: 0.003 - 0.06, P = 0.032) in trunk FLR and 1.28 (95% CI: -0.17 - 2.73, P = 0.083) in TLR, respectively. In men, there were no similar significant observations. Sensitivity analysis yielded consistent results.

Conclusion: Serum TMAO displayed a more profound correlation with increment of FLR and TLR in middle-aged and older community-dwelling women in current study. More and further studies are still warranted in the future.

Trial registration: NCT03179657.

背景:三甲胺-N-氧化物(TMAO)与肥胖有关,但其与体内脂肪分布关系的证据有限。在这项前瞻性队列研究中,我们探讨了血清 TMAO 与脂肪分布纵向变化之间的关系:方法:分析 2008-2014 年期间广州营养与健康研究(GNHS)中 1964 名参与者(40-75 岁)的数据。采用 HPLC-MS/MS 对基线血清 TMAO 浓度进行定量。每3年随访一次,采用双能X射线吸收测定法评估身体成分。脂肪分布参数为脂肪与瘦体重比(FLR)和躯干与腿部脂肪比(TLR)。脂肪分布变化是根据其参数与随访时间之间的线性回归系数得出的:经过平均 6.2 年的随访,协方差分析(ANCOVA)和线性回归显示,血清 TMAO 水平越高的女性,其躯干 FLR(平均值±标准差:1.47±4.39,P-趋势 = 0.006)和 TLR(平均值±标准差:0.06±0.24,P-趋势 = 0.011)的增量越大。同时,线性混合效应模型(LMEM)分析表明,TMAO最高三分位数的女性躯干FLR和TLR的年估计增量(95% CI)分别为0.03(95% CI:0.003 - 0.06,P = 0.032)和1.28(95% CI:-0.17 - 2.73,P = 0.083)。在男性中,没有类似的显著观察结果。敏感性分析结果一致:结论:在目前的研究中,血清 TMAO 与中老年社区女性的 FLR 和 TLR 增量有更密切的相关性。结论:在本次研究中,血清 TMAO 与中老年社区居住妇女的 FLR 和 TLR 增量有更密切的相关性:NCT03179657.
{"title":"Correlation between serum trimethylamine-N-oxide and body fat distribution in middle-aged and older adults: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Si Chen, Xiao-Yan Chen, Zi-Hui Huang, Ai-Ping Fang, Shu-Yi Li, Rong-Zhu Huang, Yu-Ming Chen, Bi-Xia Huang, Hui-Lian Zhu","doi":"10.1186/s12937-024-00974-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-024-00974-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is linked with obesity, while limited evidence on its relationship with body fat distribution. Herein, we investigated the associations between serum TMAO and longitudinal change of fat distribution in this prospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data of 1964 participants (40-75y old) from Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study (GNHS) during 2008-2014 was analyzed. Serum TMAO concentration was quantified by HPLC-MS/MS at baseline. The body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at each 3-y follow-up. Fat distribution parameters were fat-to-lean mass ratio (FLR) and trunk-to-leg fat ratio (TLR). Fat distribution changes were derived from the coefficient of linear regression between their parameters and follow-up duration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After an average of 6.2-y follow-up, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and linear regression displayed women with higher serum TMAO level had greater increments in trunk FLR (mean ± SD: 1.47 ± 4.39, P<sub>-trend</sub> = 0.006) and TLR (mean ± SD: 0.06 ± 0.24, P<sub>-trend</sub> = 0.011). Meanwhile, for women in the highest TMAO tertile, linear mixed-effects model (LMEM) analysis demonstrated the annual estimated increments (95% CI) were 0.03 (95% CI: 0.003 - 0.06, P = 0.032) in trunk FLR and 1.28 (95% CI: -0.17 - 2.73, P = 0.083) in TLR, respectively. In men, there were no similar significant observations. Sensitivity analysis yielded consistent results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serum TMAO displayed a more profound correlation with increment of FLR and TLR in middle-aged and older community-dwelling women in current study. More and further studies are still warranted in the future.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>NCT03179657.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11234726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141563928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Identifying the barriers and facilitators to fruit and vegetable consumption in rural Australian adults: a mixed methods analysis. 确定澳大利亚农村成年人食用水果和蔬菜的障碍和促进因素:混合方法分析。
IF 4.4 2区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00972-y
Brooke T Carroll, Sarah A McNaughton, Kate E Parker, Laura E Marchese, Katherine M Livingstone

Background: Low fruit and vegetable consumption is a leading contributor to non-communicable disease risk. However, understanding of barriers and facilitators to fruit and vegetable intake in rural settings is limited. This study used a mixed methods approach to determine the barriers and facilitators to increasing fruit and vegetable intake in rural Australian adults and to identify if these varied by gender.

Methods: Quantitative and qualitative data were used from the 2019 Active Living Census, completed by adults living in north-west Victoria, Australia. Data were collected on fruit and vegetable intakes and barriers and facilitators to meeting fruit and vegetable recommendations. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association between facilitators, classified using the socio-ecological framework, and meeting recommendations. Machine learning was used to automate content analysis of open ended information on barriers.

Results: A total of 13,464 adults were included in the quantitative analysis (51% female; mean age 48 [SE 0.17] years) with 48% and 19% of participants consuming the recommended two serves of fruit and five serves of vegetables daily, respectively. Strongest facilitators to fruit consumption were at the individual level: never smoked (OR: 2.12 95% CI: 1.83-2.45) and not drinking alcohol (OR: 1.47 95% CI: 1.31-1.64). Strongest facilitators for vegetable consumption were found at all levels; i.e., individual level: used to smoke (OR: 1.48 95% CI: 1.21-1.80), social-environmental level: living with three or more people (OR: 1.41 95% CI: 1.22-1.63), and physical-environmental level: use community gardens (OR: 1.20 95% CI: 1.07-1.34). Qualitative analyses (fruit n = 5,919; vegetable n = 9,601) showed that barriers to fruit consumption included a preference for other snacks and desire to limit sugar content, whilst lack of time and unachievable guidelines were barriers for vegetables. Barriers and facilitators differed by gender; females experienced barriers due to having a more varied diet while males reported a dislike of the taste.

Conclusions: Barriers and facilitators to fruit and vegetable consumption among rural Australian adults were identified across all levels of the socio-ecological framework and varied between fruit and vegetables and by gender. Strategies that address individual, social, and physical-level barriers are required to improve consumption.

背景:水果和蔬菜摄入量低是导致非传染性疾病风险的一个主要因素。然而,人们对农村地区水果和蔬菜摄入量的障碍和促进因素了解有限。本研究采用混合方法确定澳大利亚农村成年人增加水果和蔬菜摄入量的障碍和促进因素,并确定这些因素是否因性别而异:研究使用了澳大利亚维多利亚州西北部成年人填写的 "2019 年积极生活普查 "中的定量和定性数据。收集的数据涉及水果和蔬菜摄入量以及达到水果和蔬菜建议摄入量的障碍和促进因素。多变量逻辑回归分析用于研究使用社会生态框架分类的促进因素与满足建议之间的关联。使用机器学习对有关障碍的开放式信息进行自动内容分析:共有 13,464 名成年人参与了定量分析(51% 为女性;平均年龄 48 [SE 0.17] 岁),其中 48% 和 19% 的参与者每天分别食用两份水果和五份蔬菜。在个人层面上,促进水果摄入量最大的因素是:从不吸烟(OR:2.12 95% CI:1.83-2.45)和不饮酒(OR:1.47 95% CI:1.31-1.64)。在所有层面都发现了蔬菜消费的最强促进因素,即个人层面:习惯吸烟(OR:1.48 95% CI:1.21-1.80),社会环境层面:与三人或三人以上共同生活(OR:1.41 95% CI:1.22-1.63),以及物理环境层面:使用社区菜园(OR:1.20 95% CI:1.07-1.34)。定性分析(水果 n = 5919;蔬菜 n = 9601)显示,水果消费的障碍包括偏爱其他零食和希望限制含糖量,而蔬菜消费的障碍则是缺乏时间和无法实现指南。阻碍因素和促进因素因性别而异;女性因饮食更多样化而遇到障碍,而男性则表示不喜欢水果的味道:结论:在澳大利亚农村成年人中,水果和蔬菜消费的障碍和促进因素在社会生态框架的各个层面上都有体现,并且因水果和蔬菜以及性别而异。需要采取针对个人、社会和物理层面障碍的策略来提高消费。
{"title":"Identifying the barriers and facilitators to fruit and vegetable consumption in rural Australian adults: a mixed methods analysis.","authors":"Brooke T Carroll, Sarah A McNaughton, Kate E Parker, Laura E Marchese, Katherine M Livingstone","doi":"10.1186/s12937-024-00972-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-024-00972-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Low fruit and vegetable consumption is a leading contributor to non-communicable disease risk. However, understanding of barriers and facilitators to fruit and vegetable intake in rural settings is limited. This study used a mixed methods approach to determine the barriers and facilitators to increasing fruit and vegetable intake in rural Australian adults and to identify if these varied by gender.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Quantitative and qualitative data were used from the 2019 Active Living Census, completed by adults living in north-west Victoria, Australia. Data were collected on fruit and vegetable intakes and barriers and facilitators to meeting fruit and vegetable recommendations. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association between facilitators, classified using the socio-ecological framework, and meeting recommendations. Machine learning was used to automate content analysis of open ended information on barriers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 13,464 adults were included in the quantitative analysis (51% female; mean age 48 [SE 0.17] years) with 48% and 19% of participants consuming the recommended two serves of fruit and five serves of vegetables daily, respectively. Strongest facilitators to fruit consumption were at the individual level: never smoked (OR: 2.12 95% CI: 1.83-2.45) and not drinking alcohol (OR: 1.47 95% CI: 1.31-1.64). Strongest facilitators for vegetable consumption were found at all levels; i.e., individual level: used to smoke (OR: 1.48 95% CI: 1.21-1.80), social-environmental level: living with three or more people (OR: 1.41 95% CI: 1.22-1.63), and physical-environmental level: use community gardens (OR: 1.20 95% CI: 1.07-1.34). Qualitative analyses (fruit n = 5,919; vegetable n = 9,601) showed that barriers to fruit consumption included a preference for other snacks and desire to limit sugar content, whilst lack of time and unachievable guidelines were barriers for vegetables. Barriers and facilitators differed by gender; females experienced barriers due to having a more varied diet while males reported a dislike of the taste.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Barriers and facilitators to fruit and vegetable consumption among rural Australian adults were identified across all levels of the socio-ecological framework and varied between fruit and vegetables and by gender. Strategies that address individual, social, and physical-level barriers are required to improve consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"69"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11214237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141469710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dietary choline intake in European and non-european populations: current status and future trends-a narrative review. 欧洲和非欧洲人群的膳食胆碱摄入量:现状和未来趋势--综述。
IF 4.4 2区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00970-0
Ewelina Zuk, Grzegorz Nikrandt, Agata Chmurzynska

Background: Choline is a nutrient necessary for the proper functioning of the body with a multidimensional impact on human health. However, comprehensive studies evaluating the dietary intake of choline are limited. The aim of this narrative review is to analyze current trends in choline intake in European and non-European populations. The secondary aim was to discuss possible future choline trends.

Methods: The search strategy involved a systematic approach to identifying relevant literature that met specific inclusion criteria. Observational studies and randomized clinical trials were searched for in PubMed and Scopus databases from January 2016 to April 2024. This review includes the characteristics of study groups, sample sizes, methods used to assess choline intake and time period, databases used to determine intake, choline intakes, and the main sources of choline in the diet. The review considered all population groups for which information on choline intake was collected.

Results: In most studies performed in Europe after 2015 choline intake did not exceed 80% of the AI standard value. The mean choline intake for adults in different European countries were 310 mg/day, while the highest value was reported for Polish men at 519 mg/day. In non-European countries, mean choline intakes were 293 mg/day and above. The main reported sources of choline in the diet are products of animal origin, mainly eggs and meat. The available data describing the potential intake of these products in the EU in the future predict an increase in egg intake by another 8% compared to 2008-2019 and a decrease in meat intake by about 2 kg per capita from 2018 to 2030.

Conclusions: In the last decade, choline intake among adults has been insufficient, both in Europe and outside it. In each population group, including pregnant women, choline intake has been lower than recommended. Future choline intake may depend on trends in meat and egg consumption, but also on the rapidly growing market of plant-based products. However, the possible changes in the intake of the main sources of choline may lead to either no change or a slight increase in overall choline intake.

背景:胆碱是人体正常运作所必需的营养物质,对人体健康有多方面的影响。然而,对胆碱膳食摄入量进行评估的全面研究十分有限。本综述旨在分析欧洲和非欧洲人群胆碱摄入量的当前趋势。其次是讨论胆碱未来可能的发展趋势:检索策略包括采用系统方法来确定符合特定纳入标准的相关文献。在 PubMed 和 Scopus 数据库中搜索了 2016 年 1 月至 2024 年 4 月期间的观察性研究和随机临床试验。本综述包括研究群体的特征、样本大小、评估胆碱摄入量的方法和时间段、用于确定摄入量的数据库、胆碱摄入量以及膳食中胆碱的主要来源。综述考虑了所有收集到胆碱摄入量信息的人群:2015 年后在欧洲进行的大多数研究中,胆碱摄入量均未超过 AI 标准值的 80%。欧洲各国成年人的平均胆碱摄入量为 310 毫克/天,波兰男性的最高值为 519 毫克/天。非欧洲国家的平均胆碱摄入量为 293 毫克/天及以上。据报道,膳食中胆碱的主要来源是动物源性产品,主要是蛋类和肉类。现有数据描述了欧盟未来这些产品的潜在摄入量,预测鸡蛋摄入量将比 2008-2019 年再增加 8%,肉类摄入量从 2018 年到 2030 年人均减少约 2 千克:在过去十年中,无论是在欧洲还是在欧洲以外地区,成年人的胆碱摄入量都不足。包括孕妇在内的每个人群的胆碱摄入量都低于建议摄入量。未来的胆碱摄入量可能取决于肉类和蛋类的消费趋势,也取决于快速增长的植物性产品市场。不过,胆碱主要来源摄入量的可能变化可能会导致胆碱总摄入量不变或略有增加。
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引用次数: 0
Association of maternal ultra-processed food consumption during pregnancy with atopic dermatitis in infancy: Korean Mothers and Children's Environmental Health (MOCEH) study. 母亲在怀孕期间食用超加工食品与婴儿特应性皮炎的关系:韩国母亲与儿童环境健康(MOCEH)研究。
IF 4.4 2区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00969-7
Won Jang, Minji Kim, Eunhee Ha, Hyesook Kim

Background: Maternal diet during pregnancy might influence the development of childhood allergic disorders. There are few studies on the association between processed food intake and infant atopic dermatitis (AD) during pregnancy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of ultra-processed food (UPF) intake during pregnancy with infantile AD.

Methods: This study involved 861 pairs of pregnant women and their offspring from the Mothers' and Children's Environmental Health (MOCEH) study, a multi-center birth cohort project conducted in Korea. Dietary intake was estimated using a 24-h recall method at 12-28 weeks gestation. The NOVA classification was used to identify UPF, and UPF intake was calculated as the percentage of total energy consumption and categorized into quartiles. Infantile AD was assessed based on medical history and the criteria of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Associations were assessed by logistic regression with adjustment for confounding factors.

Results: Children born to mothers in the highest quartile of UPF consumption (15.5% or more of the total energy) compared to the lowest quartile (6.8% or less) showed a higher risk of AD within 12 months [odds ratio (OR) = 1.69; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07-2.66, P for trend 0.0436]. After adjustment for the confounding factors under study, the association was strengthened; the adjusted OR between extreme quartiles was 2.19 (95% CI: 1.11-4.32, P for trend = 0.0418). This association was maintained even after an additional adjustment based on the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI), an indicator of diet quality.

Conclusions: Higher maternal consumption of UPF during pregnancy was associated with a greater risk of infantile AD within the first year of life.

背景:母亲在怀孕期间的饮食可能会影响儿童过敏性疾病的发展。有关孕期加工食品摄入量与婴儿特应性皮炎(AD)之间关系的研究很少。本研究旨在探讨孕期超加工食品(UPF)摄入量与婴儿特应性皮炎的关系:本研究涉及861对孕妇及其后代,这些孕妇和后代均来自母亲和儿童环境健康(MOCEH)研究,这是一项在韩国开展的多中心出生队列项目。膳食摄入量是通过妊娠 12-28 周时的 24 小时回忆法估算的。NOVA分类法用于识别UPF,UPF摄入量按总能量消耗的百分比计算,并分为四等分。根据病史和国际儿童哮喘和过敏症研究(ISAAC)的标准对婴儿哮喘进行评估。在对混杂因素进行调整后,通过逻辑回归评估了两者之间的关联:UPF消耗量最高四分位数(占总能量的15.5%或以上)的母亲与最低四分位数(占总能量的6.8%或以下)的母亲所生的孩子相比,在12个月内患AD的风险更高[几率比(OR)=1.69;95%置信区间(CI):1.07-2.66,趋势P为0.0436]。在对研究中的混杂因素进行调整后,这种关联得到了加强;极端四分位数之间的调整后 OR 为 2.19(95% 置信区间:1.11-4.32,趋势 P = 0.0418)。根据韩国健康饮食指数(KHEI)这一饮食质量指标进行额外调整后,这一关联仍得以保持:结论:孕妇在怀孕期间摄入较多的UPF与婴儿出生后第一年内患AD的风险较高有关。
{"title":"Association of maternal ultra-processed food consumption during pregnancy with atopic dermatitis in infancy: Korean Mothers and Children's Environmental Health (MOCEH) study.","authors":"Won Jang, Minji Kim, Eunhee Ha, Hyesook Kim","doi":"10.1186/s12937-024-00969-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-024-00969-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maternal diet during pregnancy might influence the development of childhood allergic disorders. There are few studies on the association between processed food intake and infant atopic dermatitis (AD) during pregnancy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of ultra-processed food (UPF) intake during pregnancy with infantile AD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study involved 861 pairs of pregnant women and their offspring from the Mothers' and Children's Environmental Health (MOCEH) study, a multi-center birth cohort project conducted in Korea. Dietary intake was estimated using a 24-h recall method at 12-28 weeks gestation. The NOVA classification was used to identify UPF, and UPF intake was calculated as the percentage of total energy consumption and categorized into quartiles. Infantile AD was assessed based on medical history and the criteria of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Associations were assessed by logistic regression with adjustment for confounding factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children born to mothers in the highest quartile of UPF consumption (15.5% or more of the total energy) compared to the lowest quartile (6.8% or less) showed a higher risk of AD within 12 months [odds ratio (OR) = 1.69; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07-2.66, P for trend 0.0436]. After adjustment for the confounding factors under study, the association was strengthened; the adjusted OR between extreme quartiles was 2.19 (95% CI: 1.11-4.32, P for trend = 0.0418). This association was maintained even after an additional adjustment based on the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI), an indicator of diet quality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher maternal consumption of UPF during pregnancy was associated with a greater risk of infantile AD within the first year of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"67"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11202355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141451031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessing the relative validity of a web-based self-administered 24-hour dietary recall in a Canadian adolescent's population. 在加拿大青少年群体中评估基于网络的 24 小时自我管理饮食回忆的相对有效性。
IF 4.4 2区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00954-0
Vicky Drapeau, Catherine Laramée, Jacynthe Lafreniere, Christiane Trottier, Charlotte Brochu, Julie Robitaille, Benoît Lamarche, Simone Lemieux

Background: Healthy eating habits at a young age are crucial to support growth and development and good general health. In this context, monitoring youth dietary intakes adequately with valid tools is important to develop efficient interventions and identify groups that are more at risk of inadequate intakes. This study aimed to assess the relative validity of the self-administered web-based 24-h dietary recall (R24W) for evaluating energy and nutrient intakes among active adolescents.

Methods: Participants were invited to complete one interviewer-administered 24-h dietary dietary recall and the R24W on up to three occasions within one month. A total of 272 French-speaking active adolescents aged 12 to 17 years from the province of Québec were invited to complete three R24W and one interview-administered 24-h recall. Student's t-test and correlations were conducted on sex-adjusted data. Percent differences, cross-classification (percentage of agreement), weighted Kappa and Bland-Altman plots were calculated.

Results: Mean (SD) energy intake from the R24W was 8.8% higher than from the interview-administered 24-h dietary recall (2558 kcal ± 1128 vs. 2444 kcal ± 998, p < 0.05). Significant differences in mean nutrient intake between the R24W and the interview-administered 24-h dietary recall ranged from 6.5% for % E from fat (p < 0.05) to 25.2% for saturated fat (p < 0.001), i.e., higher values with R24W. Sex-adjusted correlations were significant for all nutrients except for % E from proteins and thiamin (range: 0.24 to 0.52, p < 0.01). Cross-classification demonstrated that 36.6% of the participants were classified in the same fourth with both methods, 39.6% in the adjacent fourth, and 5.7% misclassified. Bland-Atman plots revealed proportional bias between the two methods for 7/25 nutrients. Completing at least two recalls with the R24W increased the precision of intake estimates.

Conclusion: These data suggest that the R24W presents an acceptable relative validity compared to a standard interview-administered 24-h recall for estimating energy and most nutrients in a cohort of French-speaking adolescents from the province of Québec.

背景:年轻时养成健康的饮食习惯对促进生长发育和总体健康至关重要。在这种情况下,使用有效的工具充分监测青少年的膳食摄入量对于制定有效的干预措施和识别摄入量不足风险较高的群体非常重要。本研究旨在评估基于网络的 24 小时膳食回顾(R24W)在评估好动青少年的能量和营养素摄入量方面的相对有效性:方法:邀请参与者在一个月内完成一次由访谈者主持的 24 小时膳食回顾和 R24W,最多三次。魁北克省共邀请了 272 名 12 至 17 岁的法语青少年完成了三次 R24W 和一次访谈式 24 小时膳食回忆。对性别调整后的数据进行了学生 t 检验和相关分析。计算了差异百分比、交叉分类(一致百分比)、加权 Kappa 和 Bland-Altman 图:这些数据表明,在对魁北克省讲法语的青少年群体进行能量和大多数营养素的估计时,R24W 与标准的访谈式 24 小时膳食回忆相比,具有可接受的相对有效性。
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引用次数: 0
A comprehensive approach to lifestyle intervention based on a calorie-restricted diet ameliorates liver fat in overweight/obese patients with NAFLD: a multicenter randomized controlled trial in China. 基于卡路里限制饮食的综合生活方式干预可改善非酒精性脂肪肝的超重/肥胖患者的肝脏脂肪状况:中国多中心随机对照试验。
IF 5.4 2区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00968-8
Zhong Liu, Piaopiao Jin, Yuping Liu, Zhimian Zhang, Xiangming Wu, Min Weng, Suyan Cao, Yan Wang, Chang Zeng, Rui Yang, Chenbing Liu, Ping Sun, Cuihuan Tian, Nan Li, Qiang Zeng

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a globally increasing health epidemic. Lifestyle intervention is recommended as the main therapy for NAFLD. However, the optimal approach is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a comprehensive approach of intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) concerning enhanced control of calorie-restricted diet (CRD), exercise, and personalized nutrition counseling on liver steatosis and extrahepatic metabolic status in Chinese overweight and obese patients with NAFLD.

Methods: This study was a multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted across seven hospitals in China. It involved 226 participants with a body mass index (BMI) above 25. These participants were randomly assigned to two groups: the ILI group, which followed a low carbohydrate, high protein CRD combined with exercise and intensive counseling from a dietitian, and a control group, which adhered to a balanced CRD along with exercise and standard counseling. The main measure of the study was the change in the fat attenuation parameter (FAP) from the start of the study to week 12, analyzed within the per-protocol set. Secondary measures included changes in BMI, liver stiffness measurement (LSM), and the improvement of various metabolic indexes. Additionally, predetermined subgroup analyses of the FAP were conducted based on variables like gender, age, BMI, ethnicity, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension.

Results: A total of 167 participants completed the whole study. Compared to the control group, ILI participants achieved a significant reduction in FAP (LS mean difference, 16.07 [95% CI: 8.90-23.25] dB/m) and BMI (LS mean difference, 1.46 [95% CI: 1.09-1.82] kg/m2) but not in LSM improvement (LS mean difference, 0.20 [95% CI: -0.19-0.59] kPa). The ILI also substantially improved other secondary outcomes (including ALT, AST, GGT, body fat mass, muscle mass and skeletal muscle mass, triglyceride, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, blood pressure, and homocysteine). Further subgroup analyses showed that ILI, rather than control intervention, led to more significant FAP reduction, especially in patients with concurrent hypertension (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: In this RCT, a 12-week intensive lifestyle intervention program led to significant improvements in liver steatosis and other metabolic indicators in overweight and obese Chinese patients suffering from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Further research is required to confirm the long-term advantages and practicality of this approach.

Trial registration: This clinical trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (registration number: NCT03972631) in June 2019.

背景:非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)是一种全球日益流行的疾病。生活方式干预被推荐为治疗非酒精性脂肪肝的主要方法。然而,最佳方法仍不明确。本研究旨在评估强化生活方式干预(ILI)的综合方法对中国超重和肥胖非酒精性脂肪肝患者肝脏脂肪变性和肝外代谢状况的影响:本研究是一项多中心随机对照试验(RCT),在中国七家医院进行。226名参与者的体重指数(BMI)超过25。这些参与者被随机分配到两组:ILI 组和对照组,前者采用低碳水化合物、高蛋白的 CRD,同时配合运动和营养师的强化辅导;后者采用均衡的 CRD,同时配合运动和标准辅导。研究的主要衡量指标是脂肪衰减参数(FAP)从研究开始到第 12 周的变化,并在按方案设定的范围内进行分析。次要衡量指标包括体重指数(BMI)的变化、肝脏硬度测量(LSM)以及各种代谢指标的改善情况。此外,还根据性别、年龄、体重指数、种族、高脂血症和高血压等变量对 FAP 进行了预先确定的亚组分析:共有 167 人完成了整个研究。与对照组相比,ILI 参与者的 FAP(LS 平均差值,16.07 [95% CI:8.90-23.25] dB/m)和 BMI(LS 平均差值,1.46 [95% CI:1.09-1.82] kg/m2)显著降低,但 LSM 改善幅度不大(LS 平均差值,0.20 [95% CI:-0.19-0.59] kPa)。ILI 还显著改善了其他次要结果(包括谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、体脂质量、肌肉质量和骨骼肌质量、甘油三酯、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、HbA1c、HOMA-IR、HOMA-β、血压和同型半胱氨酸)。进一步的亚组分析表明,ILI 比对照干预能更显著地降低 FAP,尤其是在同时患有高血压的患者中(P 结论:ILI 比对照干预能更显著地降低 FAP,尤其是在同时患有高血压的患者中):在这项研究中,为期 12 周的强化生活方式干预计划显著改善了中国超重和肥胖非酒精性脂肪肝患者的肝脏脂肪变性和其他代谢指标。要证实这种方法的长期优势和实用性,还需要进一步的研究:本临床试验于2019年6月在ClinicalTrials.gov上注册(注册号:NCT03972631)。
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引用次数: 0
Fish oil supplementation and risk of incident systemic lupus erythematosus: a large population-based prospective study. 鱼油补充剂与系统性红斑狼疮发病风险:一项大型人群前瞻性研究。
IF 5.4 2区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00965-x
Yancong Chen, Zhilan Li, Yinyan Gao, Boya Xu, Weiru Zhang, Irene X Y Wu

Background: Although fish oil has been considered to have an anti-inflammatory effect and has been proven to play a beneficial role in the incidence of numerous diseases, the association between fish oil supplementation and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is still unknown. This study aimed at evaluating the correlation between fish oil use and incident SLE in a large population-based prospective cohort.

Methods: 390,277 participants without SLE at baseline from the UK Biobank were enrolled. Fish oil use was ascertained through a touchscreen questionnaire at baseline. The incidence of SLE was identified by the International Classification of Diseases version 10 code in medical records or self-report. Cox proportional hazard models were employed to estimate the association between fish oil use and SLE risk.

Results: Fish oil users accounted for 31.47% of participants. During a median follow-up duration of 11.57 years, 141 participants without fish oil use (4.56/100 000 person-years) and 68 participants with fish oil use (4.78/100 000 person-years) developed SLE. In four models with adjustments for different amounts of confounders, there was no significant difference in the risk of SLE between fish oil users and fish oil non-users (all p-values > 0.05). In subgroup analyses, we found that fish oil supplementation was associated with a lower risk of SLE among females with ultraviolet radiation ≥ 3 h/day (hazard ratio: 0.63, 95% confidence interval: 0.40-0.98), which turned insignificant after further adjustment for female-related factors and sun protection measures.

Conclusions: No significant association between fish oil use and overall incident SLE was observed, except in females exposed to prolonged ultraviolet radiation. Subgroup analysis suggested that females exposed to prolonged ultraviolet radiation might benefit from fish oil supplementation in terms of preventing SLE, but it needs to be confirmed in further studies.

背景:尽管鱼油被认为具有抗炎作用,并已被证实对多种疾病的发病率有益,但鱼油补充剂与系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)发病风险之间的关系仍然未知。这项研究的目的是在一个基于人群的大型前瞻性队列中评估鱼油的使用与系统性红斑狼疮发病之间的相关性。通过基线触摸屏问卷调查确定了鱼油的使用情况。系统性红斑狼疮的发病率是通过医疗记录中的国际疾病分类第 10 版代码或自我报告确定的。采用 Cox 比例危险模型来估计鱼油使用与系统性红斑狼疮风险之间的关系:结果:鱼油使用者占参与者的31.47%。在中位 11.57 年的随访期间,141 名未使用鱼油的参与者(4.56/100 000 人-年)和 68 名使用鱼油的参与者(4.78/100 000 人-年)患上了系统性红斑狼疮。在对不同数量的混杂因素进行调整的四个模型中,鱼油使用者和非鱼油使用者患系统性红斑狼疮的风险没有显著差异(所有 p 值均大于 0.05)。在亚组分析中,我们发现在紫外线辐射≥3小时/天的女性中,补充鱼油与较低的系统性红斑狼疮风险相关(危险比:0.63,95%置信区间:0.40-0.98),在进一步调整女性相关因素和防晒措施后,危险比变得不显著:结论:除长期暴露于紫外线辐射的女性外,没有观察到鱼油的使用与系统性红斑狼疮的总体发病率有明显关系。亚组分析表明,长期暴露于紫外线辐射下的女性可能会从补充鱼油中获益,从而预防系统性红斑狼疮,但这还需要进一步研究证实。
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Nutrition Journal
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