Nutrition Journal最新文献

Purpose: This study aimed to examine temporal protein patterns (i.e., protein intake timing across the day) in American adults and their associations with diabetes, BMI and glycaemic measures.

Methods: Total protein intake at eating occasions was estimated from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2020 one-day dietary recall data (≥ 20 y; n = 7625). Latent variable mixture models were used to identify temporal patterns based on hourly protein intake (g). Adults with fasting glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L, poor glycaemic control (HbA1c ≥ 6.5%), diabetic medications, or previous diabetes diagnosis were classified as having diabetes. Regression models were used to examine associations for temporal protein patterns with diabetes prevalence, BMI and glycaemic measures (fasting glucose, HbA1c, insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance), adjusted for multiple confounders.

Results: Three latent classes for men's and women's temporal protein patterns were identified. Class 1 had higher conditional probabilities of eating protein at 18:00 h, while Class 2 tended to eat protein 1-h later than Class 1 and had higher overall protein intake (p < 0.001). Class 3 was characterised by variable protein intake timing and had lower overall protein intake than other classes (p < 0.001). Men's Class 1 had lower probabilities for poor glycaemic control (5.9%), but associations were attenuated after adjusting for BMI. There were no associations between temporal protein patterns with diabetes, BMI and other glycaemic measures.

Conclusions: Temporal protein patterns were not associated with diabetes and glycaemic measures. Future prospective studies may better examine the effects of temporal protein patterns on diabetes by considering variations in protein sources.

Purpose: This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the Beverage Intake Questionnaire (BEVQ-15) to the Turkish population and to assess its validity and reproducibillity.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included adults and older residing in Ankara, Turkey. The study process involved the translation of the BEVQ-15 from English into Turkish and its adaptation to the Turkish community. Adaptations to the original BEVQ-15 included separating the black tea and coffee category into distict categories, as well as herbal tea. Additionally, plain mineral water, flavored mineral water, kefir, and turnip juice were presented as individual categories. The adaptation of BEVQ-15 to Turkish preferences resulted in the BEVQ-21. Participants come to three visits, each two weeks apart. The BEVQ-21 was administered at visits 1 and 3, and a three day dietary record was returned during visit 2.. The BEVQ-21 was conducted at visit one (BEVQ-1) and visit three (BEVQ-2). Validity and reproducability statistical analyses were conducted using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, Bland-Altman plots, and Spearman correlations.

Results: Fifty-one participants completed all study visits. Minimal yet significant differences were identified between the two assessment tools (BEVQ-2 and DR) across various beverage categories, with mean differences ranging from 3 to 82 mL and 0 to 16 kcal. According to Bland-Altman plots between BEVQ-21 and dietary records, differences for water (mL), regular mineral water (mL), whole and flavored milk (mL and kcal), soft drinks (mL and kcal), black tea (mL), herbal teas (mL), and total beverage intake (mL) were found to be approximately consistent within the boundaries (p < 0.05). For reproducibility, sugary beverage and total beverage consumption were significantly associated between the first and second administration of the BEVQ-21 (r = 0.44-0.65, p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusions: The adapted BEVQ-21 for the Turkish population demonstrated validity and reproducibility for most types of beverage intake among adults in Turkey.

Background: Low dietary diversity can contribute to undernutrition, impacting gestational weight gain (GWG) and increasing the risk of low birth weight (LBW).

Objective: This study investigates the relationships between maternal dietary diversity, dietary quality, GWG, and LBW in a cohort of singleton pregnant mothers in Jordan. It was hypothesized that higher dietary diversity and appropriate GWG would correlate with a reduced likelihood of LBW and that "minimum dietary diversity for women (MDD-W)" and "prime diet quality scores (PDQS) " would have both indirect and direct effects on birth weight, mediated by GWG.

Methods: The prospective study involved 198 singleton pregnant mothers aged 19 to 45, segmented into three groups by trimester (66 women per trimester). Dietary diversity was assessed using the MDD-W and the PDQS. GWG was classified as appropriate, excess, or inadequate based on pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). Birth weights, lengths, and head circumferences of neonates were measured.

Results: Mothers with MDD-W > 5 and PDQS > 21 had significantly higher average birth weights and lengths compared to those with lower scores (MDD-W: 3.1 ± 0.6 vs. 2.6 ± 0.5 kg; PDQS: 3.0 ± 0.6 vs. 2.6 ± 0.5 kg; MDD-W: 49.8 ± 1.7 vs. 48.1 ± 1.7 cm; PDQS: 49.2 ± 1.8 vs. 48.1 ± 1.8 cm). Significant predictors of LBW included GWG for pre-pregnancy BMI, previous LBW deliveries, PDQS, and family income. Inadequate GWG was significantly associated with LBW. GWG significantly mediated the relationship between MDD-W (B = 0.067, P < 0.001, 95% CI [0.059-0.076]), PDQS (B = 0.069, P < 0.001, 95% CI [0.06-0.077]), and birth weight. Each score increase in MDD-W was associated with a 0.141 kg increase in birth weight (B = 0.141, P < 0.001, 95% CI [0.093-0.189]), compared to a 0.041 kg increase for each PDQS score (B = 0.041, P < 0.001, 95% CI [0.025-0.058]).

Conclusions: Our findings indicated that both MDD-W and PDQS are associated with birth weight, with higher scores correlating with increased GWG and birth weight. Notably, dietary diversity and GWG relative to pre-pregnancy BMI emerged as robust predictors of birth weight at delivery.

Background: The evidence linking dietary indices to Parkinson's disease (PD) risk remains limited. This study investigated the association between the Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota (DI-GM) and PD risk in middle-aged and elderly populations.

Methods: Cross-sectional data were obtained from the 2007-2020 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), including 17,373 participants aged 40 years or older. PD was defined by antiparkinsonian medication use. DI-GM scores were calculated based on 14 dietary components. Multiple logistic regression and a restricted cubic spline model (RCS) were used to test the relationship between DI-GM and PD. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the robustness of the results.

Results: Among 17,373 participants, those with PD (n = 232) had lower DI-GM scores compared to non-PD individuals. Higher DI-GM scores (≥ 6) were associated with a 49% reduction in PD prevalence. RCS analysis showed a non-linear relationship between DI-GM and PD (P < 0.05). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses confirmed stable associations across demographic groups and after adjusting for comorbidities.

Conclusions: A gut microbiota-friendly diet, as measured by DI-GM, is associated with reduced PD risk, especially in the higher DI-GM score. This finding may inform future dietary guidelines for the prevention of PD.

Background: To determine the demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with self-reported diet and physical activity among women in the U.S.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of the Third U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-1994). Chi-squared analyses were used to compare differences in diet and physical activity (PA) among participants.

Results: Of 3,196 female participants, 87.1% of participants were White, 9.4% were Black, and 3.5% Mexican American. 39.4% measured as not obese and 27.4% obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²). Overall, 8.4% reported a poor diet and 19.5% were inactive. Participants reporting both poor diet and low PA were likely to be younger (28.0% vs. 12.0% p < 0.001), Black (36.0%, p < 0.001), less than 12 years education (26.5%, p < 0.001), lower income (23.6%, p < 0.002). In the obese group, 27% of women reported being physically inactive with few reporting poor diet (9.7%). Among participants with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m², 44.3% of Black women reported poor diet and low physical activity, compared to 24.1% of Mexican American and 22.1% of White participants (p = 0.005).

Conclusion: Participants who were younger than 55, non-Hispanic Black, had less than 12 years of education, low income, obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²), and current smokers were more likely to report poor diet and low PA. Of obese participants, Mexican American and White women were less likely to report both poorer nutrition and a sedentary lifestyle compared to Black women.

Background: Although higher intake of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) has been associated with a higher risk of mortality in Western populations such as populations from France and the United States (US), evidence in Asian populations remains limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between UPF consumption and the risk of mortality in an Asian population.

Methods: We included 62,197 middle-aged and older Chinese adults who were recruited for the Singapore Chinese Health Study from 1993 to 1998. UPFs were defined from items in the FFQ using the Nova classification, and their consumption was categorized into quintiles according to intake level. Mortality from all-cause, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancer, and respiratory diseases were ascertained via Linkage with a nationwide registry through 2022. Associations between UPF intake and mortality were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression models.

Results: After 24.9 years (median) of follow-up, 29,472 deaths occurred. In the multivariable-adjusted model (variables related to demographics, anthropometric data, lifestyle factors, medical history, and total energy intake), compared with the lowest quintile of UPF consumption, the highest quintile was associated with higher risks of mortality from all-cause [hazard ratio (HR): 1.06; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-1.10], CVDs (HR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01-1.15), and respiratory diseases (HR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.02-1.19), but not of mortality from cancer (HR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.94-1.07). The associations remained essentially unchanged after further adjusting for diet quality measured using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 and antioxidant capacity using the Vitamin C Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity. Among the subgroups of UPFs, positive associations with all-cause mortality were observed for consumption of sweetened beverages (e.g. soft drinks) and sugary products (e.g. crackers and western cakes). This association was stronger in participants who were non-smokers at recruitment [respective HR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.03-1.13 in non-smokers versus HR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.94-1.08 in smokers (P for interaction = 0.03)].

Conclusion: Higher intake of UPFs was associated with higher risks of mortality from all-cause, CVDs, and respiratory diseases in an Asian population. These results need to be confirmed in other Asian populations.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the associations between dietary choline, its subtypes, and cognitive function in older adults from underdeveloped regions of China, using data from the Nutrition and Chronic Disease Family Cohort (NCDFaC) study.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1 522 older adults aged 60 and over. Dietary choline intakes were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and cognitive function was evaluated with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The associations between choline intake and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were analyzed using logistic regression models, restricted cubic splines and propensity score matching (PSM).

Result: Among the 1 522 participants, 292 (19.2%) were diagnosed with MCI. Compared to those in the lowest quartile of total choline intake, participants in the 2nd quartile (169.0 mg/[1000 kcal*d]) had lower odds of MCI, with an OR (95% CI) of 0.63 (0.42, 0.94). Similarly, participants in the 2nd (116.0 mg/[1000 kcal*d]) and 3rd (148.0 mg/[1000 kcal*d]) quartiles of phosphatidylcholine intake had reduced odds of MCI, with ORs (95% CI) of 0.59 (0.39, 0.88) and 0.60 (0.40, 0.91), respectively. For free choline intake, the highest quartile (74.2 mg/[1000 kcal*d]) was associated with an OR (95% CI) of 0.55 (0.35, 0.86). After PSM, higher intakes of total choline and phosphatidylcholine remained associated with lower odds of MCI.

Conclusion: Moderate to high dietary intakes of total choline, phosphatidylcholine, and free choline may be associated with lower odds of MCI among older adults in underdeveloped regions.

Background: The understanding of daily eating frequency (DEF) and nighttime fasting duration (NFD) is limited. The aim of this research is to investigate the links between DEF, NFD, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods: The research involved 11,153 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2005 and 2018. The evaluation of DEF and NFD was conducted through interviews focusing on dietary recalls spanning 24 h. DEF refers to the overall number of times individuals eat throughout the day, whereas NFD indicates the duration between the last and first meal of the day. The diagnosis of NAFLD was established through the application of the US fatty liver index (USFLI). A weighted logistic regression model investigated the connection between DEF, NFD, and NAFLD.

Results: After full adjustment, participants with DEF ≤ 3 times exhibited a 21% higher risk of NAFLD than those with DEF > 4.5 times (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.01-1.45). Similarly, individuals with NFD ≥ 14 h were 26% more likely to develop NAFLD than those with NFD ≤ 10 h (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.04-1.53). The effect of DEF on NAFLD risk was more evident in participants without T2D and with low fibrosis risk, whereas the adverse impact of NFD was particularly pronounced among those younger than 60 years.

Conclusion: DEF below 3 times and NFD exceeding 14 h were significantly linked to a heightened risk of developing NAFLD.