Nutrition Journal最新文献

Background: Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome, defined by the coexistence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease, and metabolic disorders, significantly increases mortality risk. This study examines the relationship between dietary patterns and all-cause and CVD mortality in individuals with CKM syndrome.

Methods: A cohort study was conducted using data obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which included 16,589 subjects aged 30 years and above during the period from 2005 to 2018. Four dietary quality scores were used: the Alternate Mediterranean Diet Score (AMED), the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and the Healthy Eating Index 2020 (HEI-2020). The mean follow-up was 8.2 years, and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used for multivariable adjustment.

Results: During the follow-up, 2,811 all-cause and 882 CVD-related deaths were recorded. After multivariable adjustment, higher dietary quality scores were inversely associated with mortality risk. For participants in the highest quintile (Q5) of dietary scores, the hazard ratios (HR, 95% CI) for all-cause mortality were: AMED 0.63 (0.55, 0.71), AHEI 0.62 (0.54, 0.71), DASH 0.63 (0.55, 0.72), and HEI-2020 0.70 (0.62, 0.80). In the analysis of CVD mortality risk, the HRs for Q5 versus Q1 were AMED 0.66 (0.53, 0.82), AHEI 0.62 (0.49, 0.79), DASH 0.73 (0.58, 0.93), and HEI-2020 0.79 (0.64, 0.99). Subgroup analyses demonstrated consistent protective effects of dietary patterns across different socioeconomic characteristics.

Conclusions: High-quality dietary patterns are associated with a lower risk of all-cause and CVD mortality among individuals with CKM syndrome. These findings underscore the potential importance of dietary patterns in mortality outcomes and provide evidence for future intervention research in CKM syndrome management.

Background: The rise of mukbang and cookbang (eating and cooking broadcasts) has generated concerns about their potential influence on eating and drinking behaviors. This study investigated the association between alcohol consumption and watching mukbang and cookbang among adolescents.

Methods: Data of 50,111 adolescents from the 2022 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS) were analyzed. Alcohol consumption and watching mukbang and cookbang were measured based on the frequency of use during the past 30 days and 12 months, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analyses stratified by sex were performed to examine the associations between mukbang and cookbang content viewership and alcohol consumption, adjusting for all covariates. Odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) were calculated for each association.

Results: Over the past 30 days, 14.6% of males and 10.6% of females reported consuming alcohol. Furthermore, watching mukbang and cookbang significantly increased alcohol use among both males (OR: 1.29; 95% CI]: 1.20-1.38) and females (OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.26-1.59) compared to the non-watching group. Among males, watching mukbang or cookbang was associated with higher odds of alcohol consumption in the low (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.02-1.33) and middle (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.27-1.60) economic status groups, but not in the high group (OR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.46-1.39). Among females, significant associations were observed in the low (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.16-1.70) and middle (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.22-1.67) economic status groups, but not in the high group (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 0.53-2.44). The amount of time spent watching such media was incrementally associated with alcohol use in males and females.

Conclusion: A significant association was found between watching mukbang and cookbang and alcohol use among adolescents. The association varied according to economic status, with stronger associations observed in the low and middle economic status groups. These findings suggest that mukbang and cookbang media content may have substantial effects on adolescents' health-related behaviors.

Background: Hyperglycemic individuals, who are prone to microvascular complications of diabetes (MCDs) like diabetic patients, may benefit from timely carbohydrate intake intervention. But there remain inconsistent results and lack of focus on carbohydrate subtypes, which may have distinct effects. This study aimed to investigate the associations between dietary carbohydrate subtypes and the MCDs incidence in hyperglycemic individuals.

Methods: Participants with hyperglycemia (defined as having either fasting plasma glucose ≥ 5.56 mmol/L or diabetes mellitus) were included from the UK Biobank cohort. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models and multi-state modelling were employed to estimate the associations of total carbohydrate, free sugars, starch, and fiber intake with incident MCDs (diabetic kidney disease, retinopathy, neuropathy) and all-cause mortality. Restricted cubic splines were used to estimate the potential nonlinear relationship.

Results: A total of 32,720 participants were followed up for a median time of 13.19 years, and the intake of total carbohydrates was positively associated with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) (HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02-1.07 per 5% increase in energy intake; P = 0.005) and all-cause mortality (1.03; 1.01-1.05; P = 0.020). Intake of free sugars was positively associated with DKD (1.11; 95% CI 1.07-1.15; P < 0.001), total MCDs (1.08; 1.04-1.11; P < 0.001) and all-cause mortality (1.06; 1.03-1.10; P < 0.001). Conversely, fiber intake was inversely associated with the risk of DKD (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.89-0.96 per 5 g/d increase; P < 0.001) and total MCDs (0.95; 0.92-0.98; P = 0.008). Starch intake was not associated with any outcomes. Free sugar displayed a J-shaped association with all-cause mortality (10.4%, P-nonlinear = 0.042) and fiber presented an L-shaped relationship with MCD (17.4 g/d, P-nonlinear = 0.033). Multi-state analysis found similar results in the trajectory from MCD-free to first MCD and death.

Conclusion: Reducing free sugar intake and increasing fiber intake may help mitigate MCD risk and mortality in hyperglycemic individuals.

Objective: Obesity is linked to gut microbiota dysbiosis, and diet is a key determinant influencing the gut microbiome. This study examined the association between a newly proposed Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota (DI-GM) and obesity in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2020.

Methods: A total of 41,159 adults aged ≥ 20 years were included, with 15,327 individuals classified as obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) and 25,832 as living without obesity. DI-GM comprises 13 components deemed either beneficial or unfavorable to the gut microbiome, yielding a total score ranging from 0 to 13. Weighted logistic regression assessed the relationship between DI-GM (continuous and categorical) and obesity, adjusting for demographic and lifestyle factors plus comorbidities. Restricted cubic spline, stratified analyses, multiple imputation, and propensity score matching were also performed.

Results: Participants with obesity had a significantly lower mean DI-GM score than those without obesity (4.32 vs. 4.65, P < 0.001). Each 1-point increase in DI-GM was associated with 13% lower obesity odds (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.85-0.88) in the crude model, remaining robust (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.87-0.90, P < 0.001) after full adjustment. Higher DI-GM scores were linearly linked to lower odds of obesity, supported by multiple imputation and propensity score matching (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: In this nationally representative U.S. population, a more microbiota-oriented diet, as proxied by higher DI-GM scores, was independently associated with lower odds of obesity. Prospective and randomized trials are warranted to verify causality and investigate underlying mechanisms.

Background: Although nutritional supplementation and exercise have shown independent efficacy in managing sarcopenia, data supporting their combined implementation in real-world clinical settings remain limited.

Methods: This 12-week multicenter randomized controlled trial enrolled 110 older adults (≥ 65 years) with sarcopenia or possible sarcopenia. Participants were randomly allocated (1:1) to either the intervention group (n = 55) or control group (n = 55). In addition to their habitual diets, the intervention group received daily muscle-targeted oral nutritional supplementation (MT-ONS, 2 × 10 g sachets/day: containing 8.4 g protein, 0.5 g calcium β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, 200 IU D3 per sachet) alongside a structured exercise programs featuring twice-weekly resistance training (20 min/session), alternate-day chair-based exercises (10 min/session), and home-based activity recommendations. Control group participants maintained their habitual dietary and physical activity patterns without intervention. All outcome measures were assessed at baseline and post-intervention.

Results: The intervention group showed modest increases in BIA-derived appendicular lean tissue (mean change + 0.60 kg, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.88), skeletal muscle index (+ 0.20 kg/m², 95% CI 0.11 to 0.29), and handgrip strength (+ 2.22 kg, 95% CI 1.35 to 3.09) compared with the control group. Improvements were also observed in walking speed, chair-stand performance, Short Physical Performance Battery scores, serum vitamin D, and EQ-5D measures of quality of life.

Conclusion: A 12-week combined intervention of multi-ingredient nutritional supplementation and exercise led to modest improvements in proxy measures of muscle mass, strength, function, and quality of life in older adults. As muscle mass was not directly measured and the study did not employ a factorial design, the relative contributions of exercise and supplementation cannot be determined. These findings suggest that combined interventions may help attenuate, rather than reverse, sarcopenia-related decline.

Trial registration: This clinical trial was registered on Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2300077187) on 1 November 2023.

Background: Supplementation of the diet with phosphatidylserine (PS) is associated with cognitive and neuropsychological benefits in healthy and neuro-compromised adults. It has also been shown to mitigate symptoms of inattention in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, there is little data on the effects of PS in healthy children.

Objective: The aim of this randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was to examine the effects of sunflower-derived PS on cognitive performance in healthy, neurotypical children aged 8-12 years.

Methods: Participants received 100 mg of sunflower-derived PS daily in gummy form or a matching placebo for 12 weeks and completed an assessment battery at baseline and after 6 and 12 weeks to monitor changes in cognitive performance, mood, and sleep. Retrospectively registered at Clinicaltrials.gov; NCT05177978 RESULTS: There were no differences in the primary or secondary outcomes in the total cohort. However, in a pre-defined subgroup analysis of children who were selected based on their constant below median performance across the cognitive tasks at baseline, PS-supplementation showed benefit on a visuospatial memory task. The supplementation with 100 mg of Sharp PS green was shown to be safe and well tolerated.

Conclusion: Although there were no differences in the primary and secondary outcomes, the findings suggest that future research should focus on children with below median performance, who are more prone to benefit from PS supplementation.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of death and is closely linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and metabolic disorders. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and related indices are potential markers for all-cause and CVD mortality. This study aimed to evaluate their predictive value in patients with COPD.

Methods: Data from the UK Biobank, a large-scale biomedical database including genetic, environmental, lifestyle, and disease outcome information, were used for this analysis. Four indicators were constructed, including TyG, TyG combined with BMI (TyG-BMI), waist circumference (TyG-WC), and waist-to-height ratio (TyG-WHtR). Both the continuous values and tertile categories of these indicators were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier curves, restricted cubic splines, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine their associations with all-cause and CVD mortality among patients with COPD.

Results: A total of 40,414 COPD patients (mean age, 58 years) were included. Over a median follow-up period of 13 years, 35,558 participants were alive, while 4,856 died, including 524 from CVD. Compared with the lowest tertile, the highest tertile of TyG, TyG-WC and TyG-WHtR were significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, with fully adjusted HRs of 1.149 (95% CI: 1.048-1.259), 1.143 (95% CI: 1.045-1.252) and 1.313 (95% CI: 1.205-1.430), respectively. In contrast, TyG-BMI showed no significant association with all-cause mortality (HR: 0.979, 95% CI: 0.903-1.061). Additionally, TyG-WHtR was significantly associated with a higher risk of CVD mortality (HR: 1.539, 95% CI: 1.178-2.011). Nonlinear relationships were observed between TyG-WC and TyG-WHtR with all-cause mortality, while a linear association was noted with CVD mortality. A U-shaped relationship was found between TyG-BMI and both all-cause and CVD mortality. TyG-related indices performed well in predicting all-cause and CVD mortality, especially TyG-WHtR. Sensitivity analyses excluding early deaths, missing covariates, or stratified by age, sex, and smoking confirmed the main findings.

Conclusion: TyG-related indices showed significant associations with all-cause and CVD mortality among patients with COPD, highlighting their potential in predicting long-term COPD prognosis, with TyG-WHtR demonstrating the strongest and most consistent predictive value.