Nutrition Journal最新文献

Background: Concerning rare evidence on the relationship of dietary nitrate (NO₃)/nitrite (NO₂) from plant or animal food groups with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children and adolescents, this study investigates the longitudinal association of total, plant- or animal-sourced dietary NO₂/NO₃ intake in children and adolescents with the incidence of MetS and its risk factors.

Methods: In this secondary analysis, 1144 children and adolescents (46.2% male) aged 6-19 years were selected from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study participants. Dietary data were gathered by a valid and reliable semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. A validated national database was used to estimate dietary NO₂/NO₃ intakes. MetS was defined according to Cook's criteria and the Iranian-modified National Cholesterol Education Program.

Results: The mean ± SD ages of males and females at baseline were 13.1 ± 3.76 and 14.0 ± 3.77, respectively. The risk of MetS increased with consuming total nitrite and total nitrate exceeding acceptable dietary intake (ADI); however, this association disappears after adjusting for dietary variables. There were positive significant associations between total NO₂ intake and the incidence of high fasting blood glucose (FBG) in follow-ups [HR (CI) Q4: 1.42(1.13-1.77), P-trend = 0.001]. Also, the HR of high FBG increased across quartiles of animal-based dietary NO₃ and plant-sourced dietary NO₂. The risk of high blood pressure (BP) increased about 5% with consuming every 100 mg of total nitrate exceeding ADI. Exposure to nitrate from animal and plant food groups were positively associated with high BP incidence, while higher intake of plant originated nitrite increased the risk of high BP incidence. Participants with the highest animal-sourced nitrate intake had a 19% higher risk of high triglyceride (TG), compared to the lowest intake.

Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence that dietary NO₂/NO₃ intake in children and adolescents whether from the plant or animal food sources were not associated with MetS incidence. High dietary intake of total NO₂ increased the incidence of some MetS risk factors; while high intake of NO₃ in spite of their sources increased the incidence of high BP. Exposure to animal-sourced nitrate intake had increased the risk of high TG.

Background: Circadian Syndrome (CircS) expands on metabolic syndrome (MetS) by including circadian rhythm disturbances and depression. It has been shown to be a better predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than MetS. While magnesium has been linked to circadian rhythm disturbances, its association with CircS remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary magnesium intake and CircS using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Methods: Data from 10,486 adults aged 20 years and above who attended the 2005-2016 NHANES were analyzed in this cross-sectional study. Magnesium intake was assessed using two 24-h dietary recalls. CircS was defined based on components of MetS plus short sleep and depression, with a cut-off of ≥ 4 components. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between magnesium intake and CircS.

Results: The mean participant age was 50.3 (SD 17.6) years. The prevalence of CircS was 41.3%, decreasing from 47.3% in the lowest quartile of magnesium intake to 35.2% in the highest. After adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, energy intake, education, and lifestyle factors, higher magnesium intake was linked to lower CircS prevalence. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) (95% CI) across magnesium intake quartiles were: 1.00, 0.80 (0.68-0.95), 0.75 (0.64-0.87), and 0.61 (0.49-0.76) (p for trend < 0.001). The association remained significant after additional adjustment for healthy eating index. No significant interaction was found between magnesium intake and race, gender, smoking, alcohol use, or physical activity.

Conclusions: Higher magnesium intake was associated with lower CircS prevalence in U.S. adults, suggesting a potential role for magnesium in circadian health.

Background: Serving as the predominant energy substrate, dietary carbohydrate consumption patterns significantly influence human health. However, the association between carbohydrate intake and asthma risk remains unclear. This study aims to systematically review and meta-analyze existing evidence on associations between various carbohydrate types (including free sugars [FS], non-free sugars [NFS], refined grains [RG], whole grains [WG], and dietary fiber [DF]) and risk of asthma.

Methods: From inception to May 2025, we systematically searched major databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) for epidemiological research on the associations between varied dietary carbohydrate types and risk of asthma or wheeze. Random-effect models were employed to calculate pooled odds ratios (pORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The I-squared (I²) statistic was used to assess heterogeneity.

Results: Ninety-four investigations met inclusion criteria (26 cohort, 8 case-control, 60 cross-sectional). Intake of DF (asthma: pOR = 0.879, 95% CI: 0.781-0.989; wheeze: pOR = 0.844, 95% CI: 0.737-0.967), NFS (asthma: pOR = 0.922, 95% CI: 0.870-0.976; wheeze: pOR = 0.813, 95% CI: 0.745-0.887) and WG-rich foods (asthma: pOR = 0.851, 95% CI: 0.749-0.966) was associated with lower risks of asthma and wheeze. In contrast, consumption of FS-rich foods was associated with increased asthma risk (pOR = 1.176, 95% CI: 1.093-1.265). Despite significant heterogeneity (I² = 53.1%-82.5%, all P < 0.05), sensitivity analyses (using trim-and-fill and leave-one-out methods) validated the stability of the findings.

Conclusions: This study underscores the importance of promoting high-quality carbohydrate intake (characterized by low FS and high NFS, DF, and WG), to support asthma prevention at the population level.

Background and aims: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is commonly associated with high rates of malnutrition, adversely affecting patient outcomes. This study aims to assess the impact of nutritional support combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) on survival and prognosis in ESCC patients, utilizing prognostic models based on five key immunonutritional indicators.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we reviewed the medical records of 200 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients who were treated between January 2017 and June 2022. Patients were categorized into two groups based on their treatment records: one group received nutritional support in addition to standard CCRT, and the other received only CCRT. We retrospectively analyzed survival outcomes using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests, and identified independent prognostic factors through Cox proportional hazards models. The study further assessed five specific immunonutritional indicators to develop and validate predictive nomogram models. The effectiveness of these models was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to determine their predictive accuracy for patient outcomes.

Results: Nutritional support improved overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) compared to the non-nutritional group. Patients in the nutritional group showed better biochemical markers and quality of life with fewer treatment-related complications. The nomogram models based on the immunonutritional indicators demonstrated strong predictive accuracy for both OS and PFS, with LMY and PAR showing the highest prognostic power.

Conclusions: Integrating nutritional support into the treatment plan for ESCC patients undergoing CCRT enhances may enhance treatment tolerance, reduce toxicity, and indirectly contribute to improved survival rates, quality of life, and fewer complications. The five immunonutritional indicators provide robust predictive capabilities for patient outcomes, supporting the use of personalized nutritional interventions and nomogram models in clinical practice.

Objective: This study examined the associations of phenotypic age (PhenoAge) acceleration and dietary fiber intake with mortality risk among middle-aged and older adult cancer survivors.

Methods: This study analyzed data from 2958 cancer survivors aged 40 and older using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2018. Dietary fiber intake was assessed via two 24-hour dietary recalls, calculated using the USDA database. High dietary fiber intake was defined as the top quartile. Biological age was estimated using the PhenoAge algorithm with 8 biomarkers, defining accelerated aging as PhenoAge >0. Mortality status was determined through linkage with the National Death Index. Cox regression models and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to examine the separate and combined association of dietary fiber intake and PhenoAge acceleration on mortality, adjusting for multiple covariates. Multiplicative interaction was assessed by including a product term in the cox regression models, while additive interaction was examined using the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) and the attributable proportion (AP). Restricted cubic spline models were applied to estimate the linear/non-linear relationships between PhenoAge acceleration, dietary fiber intake, and mortality risk. Sensitivity analysis was used to validate previous findings.

Results: The study included 2,958 cancer survivors with a baseline mean age of 65.58 years. During a 17-year follow-up (median [IQR]: 79 [42-125] months), 915 participants died. Accelerated aging had elevated risk of all-cause (HR (95% CI), 2.12 (1.78, 2.52), P<0.001), cardiovascular (HR (95% CI), 1.72 (1.18, 2.51), P=0.005), cancer (HR (95% CI), 2.68 (2.00, 3.58), P<0.001), and non-cancer/non-cardiovascular mortality (HR (95% CI), 2.04 (1.58, 2.63), P<0.001). Low dietary fiber intake was linked to increased all-cause (HR (95% CI), 1.31 (1.05, 1.63), P=0.015), cancer (HR (95% CI), 1.59 (1.11, 2.27), P=0.011), and non-cancer/non-cardiovascular mortality (HR (95% CI), 1.64 (1.11, 2.43), P=0.013). The "Accelerated aging & low dietary fiber" group had the highest all-cause mortality risk (HR (95% CI), 2.45 (1.81, 3.33), P<0.001), cancer mortality risk (HR (95% CI), 3.40 (2.16, 5.37), P<0.001), non-cancer/non-cardiovascular mortality risk (HR (95% CI), 3.18 (1.91, 5.29), P<0.001), compared to the "Non-accelerated aging & high dietary fiber" group. Furthermore, a significant additive interaction was observed between PhenoAge acceleration and low dietary fiber intake on cancer mortality (RERI = 1.44, 95% CI: 0.23-2.64; AP = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.08-0.76). The results of the sensitivity analysis excluding samples that died within two years are consistent with the main analysis.

Conclusions: PhenoAge acceleration and lower dietary fiber intake are associated with increased mortality risk in middle-aged and elderly cancer survivors. Not

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women. This study investigates the impact of 8-week supplementation with two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus helveticus and Bifidobacterium longum, on hormonal status, oxidative stress, and clinical symptoms in women with PCOS. Conducted as a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial, the research involved 90 women with PCOS from Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. Serum markers were assessed before and after the intervention. After adjusting for baseline values and confounding variables, the 8-week supplementation with two probiotic strains resulted in a significant increase in sex hormone binding globulin (24.39; 95% CI (15.23,33.55) vs. -11.99; 95% CI (-20.12, -3.86) nmol/L, P < 0.001), total antioxidant capacity (125.53; 95% CI (53.78,197.28) vs. -42.90; 95% CI (-78.32, -7.48) nmol/mL, P = 0.002) and Superoxide dismutase activity (0.19; 95% CI (0.09,0.30) vs. -0.11; 95% CI (-0.18, -0.04) U/mL, P < 0.001), in the intervention group compared to the placebo. While free androgen index (-57.05; 95% CI (-80.33, -33.76) vs. 49.86; 95% CI (28.81,70.92), P < 0.001), C-reactive protein (-0.50; 95% CI (-0.95, -0.04) vs. 0.05; 95% CI (-0.39,0.50), P = 0.046), and malondialdehyde levels (- 23.69; 95% CI (-30.02, -17.35) vs. -2.70; 95% CI (-9.19,3.77), P < 0.001), significantly decreased in the intervention group compared to the placebo. Furthermore, testosterone total levels showed a decreasing trend in the intervention group, although the between-group changes were not statistically significant after baseline value and other confounders adjustment (-3.37; 95% CI (-11.85, 5.11) vs. 6.48; 95% CI (3.43, 9.53) ng/dL, P = 0.08). Regarding clinical symptoms, including acne, alopecia, and hirsutism, the between-group changes were insignificant (P > 0.05). In conclusion, these findings suggest that 8 weeks of probiotic supplementation may alleviate oxidative stress, modulate certain hormonal factors, and reduce inflammation in women with PCOS. Trial registration, the current study was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials on 30 March 2024 (ID: IRCT20121216011763N62) ( https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/trial/76067 ). https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/trial/76067 .