Nutrition Journal最新文献

Background & aims: Associations between different types of coffee consumption and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) remained inconsistent. We aimed to assess the longitudinal associations of coffee consumption (including unsweetened, sugar-sweetened, artificially sweetened, caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee) with the risk of MASLD, while also exploring the potential coffee type-gut microbial abundance interactions.

Methods: The present cohort study included 185,437 participants free of MASLD at baseline in the UK Biobank. Dietary consumption of different types of coffee was collected through 24-hour dietary recall questionnaires. Incident cases of MASLD were ascertained through linked hospital records and death registries. Genetic risk scores (GRSs) of the relative abundance of intestinal microbiota and the risk of MASLD were calculated using 19 and 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms, respectively. Cox proportional hazards regression model was employed to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations.

Results: During a median follow-up of 10.49 years, we documented 1,536 MASLD cases. Compared with non-consumers, individuals consuming more than 2.5 servings per day of unsweetened coffee, caffeinated coffee, or a combination of both had a lower risk of MASLD, with adjusted HRs (CIs) of 0.70 (0.60-0.82), 0.78 (0.67-0.91), and 0.69 (0.58-0.82), respectively. No significant association was found between sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened coffee consumption and the risk of MASLD. These associations were consistent across genetic risk levels of abundance of intestinal microbiota and MASLD itself, with no significant interaction observed (all P values for interactions ≥ 0.05).

Conclusion: Higher intake of unsweetened coffee, particularly the caffeinated variety, was significantly associated with a reduced risk of MASLD, irrespective of genetic predisposition related to the abundance of intestinal microbiota or MASLD itself.

Background: Oral health has a significant effect on longevity and quality of life. Periodontal diseases and dental caries are the primary causes of tooth loss, with the former being more prevalent than the latter. Antioxidants are associated with periodontal diseases. However, comprehensive analyses of this association are limited in literature, especially when focusing on circulating antioxidants. This study analyzed the association between antioxidant levels in the blood and skin along with periodontal diseases in populations with normal occlusion.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted as part of the Iwaki Health Promotion Project in 2022. Overall, 456 individuals aged ≥ 20 years with healthy occlusion were included. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed, with periodontal disease defined as the primary outcome variable, circulating antioxidant levels as the exposure, and the following covariates: age, sex, smoking and drinking status, sugar intake, educational background, and oral care habits. In addition, the potential causal direction between antioxidant levels and periodontal diseases were explored using Bayesian network analysis.

Results: Individuals with the fifth quintile of blood and skin carotenoid levels had a lower odds ratio (OR) for periodontal diseases compared with those with the first quintile (blood: adjusted OR = 0.32 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.16-0.64], skin: adjusted OR = 0.45 [95% CI, 0.23-0.88]). In particular, blood lutein and lycopene levels, but not vitamin A, C, and E levels, were significantly associated with periodontal diseases. Bayesian network analysis suggested that carotenoid levels may be a potential causal factor for periodontal diseases, and this association may be mediated by salivary immunoglobulin A and oral dysbiosis.

Conclusions: Blood and skin carotenoid levels are associated with the prevalence of periodontal diseases.

Purpose: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common psychiatric condition. The role of sugar in emotional health is becoming more apparent. This cross-sectional study investigated the potential non-linear associations of sugar on GAD and identified thresholds that would be associated with GAD if these non-linear associations were significant, using the UK Biobank.

Method: A sample of 84,087 subjects was included. Total energy and sugar consumption were calculated using Oxford WebQ. Total sugar, glucose, fructose, maltose, and sucrose as dietary exposure. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire was used to measure anxiety symptoms. The non-linear relationship between sugar and GAD scores was examined using generalized additive models (GAMs).

Results: Significant non-linear relationships were found between sugar consumption and GAD score, and were modified by gender and age. Total sugar and sucrose consumption demonstrated non-linear associations with GAD scores among those aged 45 or younger. In those aged 46 to 64 years, non-linear associations of GAD score were found in total sugar consumption in both genders. Additionally, in females, non-linear associations were also observed across all the sugar types; compared to males, only sucrose consumption showed a significant association. Specifically, the association between sucrose consumption and GAD score followed a J-shaped pattern in both genders. Only sucrose consumption demonstrated a non-linear association with GAD scores in females aged 65 or above.

Conclusion: This study identified non-linear and dose-dependent associations between various types of sugar on anxiety in different gender and age groups, which may have implications for lifestyle psychiatry.