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Catastrophizing is associated with excess cognitive symptom reporting after mild traumatic brain injury. 轻度创伤性脑损伤后的过度认知症状报告与灾难有关。
IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000930
Shuyuan Shi, Edwina L Picon, Mathilde Rioux, William J Panenka, Noah D Silverberg

Objective: Persistent cognitive symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) often do not correlate with objective neuropsychological performance. Catastrophizing (i.e., excessively negative interpretations of symptoms) may help explain this discrepancy. We hypothesize that symptom catastrophizing will be associated with greater cognitive symptom reporting relative to neuropsychological test performance in people seeking treatment for mTBI.

Method: Secondary analysis of baseline data from a randomized controlled trial. Adults with mTBI (N = 77) were recruited from two outpatient mTBI clinics in British Columbia, Canada. Questionnaires and assessments were administered at baseline (M = 17.7 weeks postinjury). The sample was 64% women with a mean age of 42 years (SD = 11.5). Validated questionnaires were used to assess catastrophizing, cognitive symptoms, and affective distress. Neuropsychological performance was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery. Discrepancies between cognitive symptoms and cognitive functioning were operationalized using standard residuals from neuropsychological test performance scores regressed on cognitive symptom scores. Generalized linear models were run to measure the association between symptom catastrophizing, cognitive variables, and their discrepancy, with affective distress as a covariate.

Results: Symptom catastrophizing was associated with more severe cognitive symptoms when controlling for neuropsychological performance (β = 0.44, 95% CI [0.23, 0.65]). Symptom catastrophizing was also associated with higher subjective-objective cognition residuals (β = 0.43, 95% CI [0.22, 0.64]). Catastrophizing remained a significant predictor after affective distress was introduced as a covariate.

Conclusions: Catastrophizing is associated with misperceptions of cognitive functioning following mTBI, specifically overreporting cognitive symptoms relative to neuropsychological performance. Symptom catastrophizing may be an important determinant of cognitive symptom reporting months after mTBI. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的:轻度颅脑损伤(mTBI)后持续的认知症状通常与客观的神经心理表现无关。灾难性的(即对症状的过度负面解释)可能有助于解释这种差异。我们假设,在寻求mTBI治疗的人中,相对于神经心理测试表现,症状灾难化将与更大的认知症状报告有关。方法:对随机对照试验的基线数据进行二次分析。从加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省的两个门诊mTBI诊所招募患有mTBI的成年人(N=77)。在基线时进行问卷调查和评估(M=用药后17.7周)。样本中64%的女性平均年龄为42岁(SD=11.5)。经验证的问卷用于评估灾难、认知症状和情感痛苦。使用美国国立卫生研究院工具箱认知电池评估神经心理学表现。认知症状和认知功能之间的差异是使用神经心理测试成绩分数的标准残差来操作的,这些分数是根据认知症状分数回归的。运行广义线性模型来测量症状突变、认知变量及其差异之间的关联,情感痛苦是协变量。结果:在控制神经心理表现时,症状突变与更严重的认知症状相关(β=0.44,95%CI[0.23,0.65])。症状突变还与更高的主观-客观认知残差相关(β=0.043,95%CI[0.22,0.64])协变。结论:突变与mTBI后对认知功能的误解有关,特别是相对于神经心理表现过度报告认知症状。症状突变可能是mTBI后数月认知症状报告的重要决定因素。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2023 APA,保留所有权利)。
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引用次数: 0
Capturing learning curves with the multiday Boston Remote Assessment of Neurocognitive Health (BRANCH): Feasibility, reliability, and validity. 用多日波士顿神经认知健康远程评估(BRANCH)捕捉学习曲线:可行性、可靠性和效度。
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000933
Emma L Weizenbaum, Daniel Soberanes, Stephanie Hsieh, Cassidy P Molinare, Rachel F Buckley, Rebecca A Betensky, Michael J Properzi, Gad A Marshall, Dorene M Rentz, Keith A Johnson, Reisa A Sperling, Rebecca E Amariglio, Kathryn V Papp

Objective: Unsupervised remote digital cognitive assessment makes frequent testing feasible and allows for measurement of learning over repeated evaluations on participants' own devices. This provides the opportunity to derive individual multiday learning curve scores over short intervals. Here, we report feasibility, reliability, and validity, of a 7-day cognitive battery from the Boston Remote Assessment for Neurocognitive Health (Multiday BRANCH), an unsupervised web-based assessment.

Method: Multiday BRANCH was administered remotely to 181 cognitively unimpaired older adults using their own electronic devices. For 7 consecutive days, participants completed three tests with associative memory components (Face-Name, Groceries-Prices, Digit Signs), using the same stimuli, to capture multiday learning curves for each test. We assessed the feasibility of capturing learning curves across the 7 days. Additionally, we examined the reliability and associations of learning curves with demographics, and traditional cognitive and subjective report measures.

Results: Multiday BRANCH was feasible with 96% of participants completing all study assessments; there were no differences dependent on type of device used (t = 0.71, p = .48) or time of day completed (t = -0.08, p = .94). Psychometric properties of the learning curves were sound including good test-retest reliability of individuals' curves (intraclass correlation = 0.94). Learning curves were positively correlated with in-person cognitive tests and subjective report of cognitive complaints.

Conclusions: Multiday BRANCH is a feasible, reliable, and valid cognitive measure that may be useful for identifying subtle changes in learning and memory processes in older adults. In the future, we will determine whether Multiday BRANCH is predictive of the presence of preclinical Alzheimer's disease. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的:无监督远程数字认知评估使频繁测试成为可能,并允许在参与者自己的设备上重复评估学习的测量。这提供了在短时间间隔内获得个人多日学习曲线分数的机会。在这里,我们报告了来自波士顿神经认知健康远程评估(Multiday BRANCH)的7天认知电池的可行性、可靠性和有效性,这是一种无监督的基于网络的评估。方法:使用自己的电子设备对181名认知功能正常的老年人进行多天远程BRANCH治疗。在连续7天的时间里,参与者使用相同的刺激物完成了包含联想记忆成分(面孔-名字、杂货店-价格、数字符号)的三个测试,以捕捉每个测试的多日学习曲线。我们评估了在7天内捕捉学习曲线的可行性。此外,我们还检验了学习曲线与人口统计学、传统认知和主观报告测量的可靠性和相关性。结果:多日BRANCH是可行的,96%的参与者完成了所有的研究评估;使用的器械类型(t = 0.71, p = 0.48)或完成一天的时间(t = -0.08, p = 0.94)没有差异。学习曲线的心理测量特性良好,个体曲线的重测信度良好(类内相关= 0.94)。学习曲线与面对面的认知测试和主观的认知抱怨报告呈正相关。结论:Multiday BRANCH是一种可行、可靠和有效的认知测量方法,可用于识别老年人学习和记忆过程的细微变化。在未来,我们将确定Multiday BRANCH是否可以预测临床前阿尔茨海默病的存在。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c) 2023 APA,版权所有)。
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引用次数: 0
Executive functions beyond the "Holy Trinity": A scoping review. 超越 "神圣三位一体 "的执行功能:范围审查。
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-24 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000922
Natália Martins Dias, Isabela Espezin Helsdingen, Eduarda Kammers Rita Momm de Lins, Camila Erlinda Etcheverria, Vanessa de Araújo Dechen, Luana Steffen, Caroline de Oliveira Cardoso, Fernanda Machado Lopes

Objective: Executive functions (EFs) are a multifaceted construct, important for several outcomes throughout life. The most commonly addressed executive components are inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. To map how other executive components are addressed conceptually and methodologically in the literature, a scoping review was carried out.

Method: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guideline was used. The database search (2017-2022) was carried out on the APA PsycInfo, Medline, Scopus, LILACS, and SciELO databases. A total of 3,473 articles were identified; 1,302 remained after screening. Given the large number of articles, a sample calculation was performed (95% CI and 5% error), with 297 articles randomly selected for full-text reading and 242 studies included for analysis.

Results: There was a predominance of health application studies in adults and older adults and in developed countries. There is relative conceptual consensus that EF are a multidimensional construct; however, there is no explicit identification of the theoretical model used in the studies. A diversity of EF was evidenced, which broadens the understanding of the construct, its assessment, and intervention targets. Furthermore, there was a variety of instruments used to assess these skills, with a predominance of performance tests, often with construct-instrument ambivalence between studies.

Conclusions: The mapping showed a diversity of skills referred to as EF in addition to the core components and identified the instruments used in their assessment. Greater conceptual and structural clarity and greater methodological care are fundamental to support the assessment of EF and their intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的:执行功能(EFs)是一个多层面的概念,对人的一生有重要影响。最常涉及的执行成分是抑制控制、工作记忆和认知灵活性。为了从概念和方法上了解文献中是如何论述其他执行成分的,我们进行了一次范围界定综述:采用了《系统综述和元分析首选报告项目扩展范围综述指南》。在 APA PsycInfo、Medline、Scopus、LILACS 和 SciELO 数据库中进行了数据库检索(2017-2022 年)。共检索到 3473 篇文章,经筛选后剩余 1302 篇。鉴于文章数量众多,我们进行了样本计算(95% CI 和 5%误差),随机抽取了 297 篇文章进行全文阅读,并纳入了 242 项研究进行分析:以成人和老年人以及发达国家的健康应用研究为主。在概念上,EF 是一个多维度的建构,这一点已达成相对一致的共识;然而,研究中使用的理论模型却没有明确的标识。研究证明了情绪情感因素的多样性,这拓宽了对该因素、其评估和干预目标的理解。此外,用于评估这些技能的工具也多种多样,其中以表现测试为主,不同研究之间往往存在建构与工具之间的矛盾:研究结果表明,除核心成分外,被称为 EF 的技能多种多样,并确定了用于评估这些技能的工具。更清晰的概念和结构以及更谨慎的方法是支持评价 EF 及其干预的基础。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
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引用次数: 0
Multitrial free recall for evaluating memory. 用于评估记忆的多试用免费回忆。
IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-23 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000910
R T Adrogue, N Herz, D J Halpern, J Tracy, M J Kahana

Objective: Much of our knowledge concerning the neural basis of human memory derives from lab-based verbal recall tasks. Outside of the lab, clinicians use validated and normed neuropsychological tests to assess patients' memory function and to evaluate clinical interventions. Here we sought to establish the clinical validity of examining memory through multitrial free recall of semantically organized and unrelated word lists.

Method: We compare memory performance in multitrial free recall tasks with the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and the California Verbal Learning Test, two common neuropsychological tests aimed at evaluating memory function in clinical settings. We compare predictive validity between the tasks by evaluating deficits in a patient sample and examining age-related declines in memory. We additionally compare test-retest reliability, establish convergent validity, and show the emergence of common recall dynamics between the tasks.

Results: We demonstrate that both laboratory free recall tasks have better predictive validity and test-retest reliability than the established neuropsychological tests. We further show that all tasks have good convergent validity and reveal core memory processes, including temporal and semantic organization. However, we also demonstrate the benefits of repeated trials for evaluating the dynamics of memory search and their neuropsychological sequelae.

Conclusions: These results provide evidence for the clinical validity of lab-based multitrial free recall tasks and highlight their psychometric benefits over neuropsychological measures. Based on these results, we discuss the need to bridge the gap between clinical understanding of putative mechanisms underlying memory disorders and neuroscientific findings obtained using lab-based free recall tasks. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

目的:我们关于人类记忆的神经基础的大部分知识来源于基于实验室的言语回忆任务。在实验室之外,临床医生使用经过验证和规范的神经心理学测试来评估患者的记忆功能并评估临床干预措施。在这里,我们试图通过对语义组织和不相关单词列表的多试验自由回忆来建立检查记忆的临床有效性。方法:我们将多试验自由回忆任务中的记忆表现与Rey听觉言语学习测试和California言语学习测试进行比较,这两种常见的神经心理学测试旨在评估临床环境中的记忆功能。我们通过评估患者样本中的缺陷和检查与年龄相关的记忆力下降来比较任务之间的预测有效性。此外,我们还比较了重测信度,建立了收敛有效性,并显示了任务之间出现的共同回忆动态。结果:我们证明,与已建立的神经心理学测试相比,两种无实验室回忆任务都具有更好的预测有效性和重测可靠性。我们进一步证明,所有任务都具有良好的收敛有效性,并揭示了核心记忆过程,包括时间和语义组织。然而,我们也证明了重复试验对评估记忆搜索动力学及其神经心理后遗症的好处。结论:这些结果为基于实验室的多试验自由回忆任务的临床有效性提供了证据,并强调了其心理测量优于神经心理学测量。基于这些结果,我们讨论了弥合对记忆障碍潜在机制的临床理解与使用基于实验室的自由回忆任务获得的神经科学发现之间差距的必要性。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2023 APA,保留所有权利)。
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引用次数: 0
Multiple sclerosis is associated with differences in semantic memory structure. 多发性硬化症与语义记忆结构的差异有关。
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-03 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000924
Amy L Lebkuecher, Abigail L Cosgrove, Lauren B Strober, Nancy D Chiaravalloti, Michele T Diaz

Objective: Although language is often considered to be largely intact in multiple sclerosis (MS), word-finding difficulties are a common complaint. Recent work suggests that declines in language are not solely the result of motoric and cognitive slowing that is most strongly associated with MS. Network science approaches have been effectively used to examine network structure as it relates to clinical conditions, aging, and language. The present study utilizes a network science approach to investigate whether individuals with MS exhibit less interconnected and resilient semantic networks compared to age-matched neurotypical peers.

Method: We used semantic fluency data from 89 participants with MS and 88 neurotypical participants to estimate and analyze the semantic network structure for each participant group. Additionally, we conducted a percolation analysis to examine the resilience of each network.

Results: Network measures showed that individuals with MS had lower local and global clustering coefficients, longer average shortest path lengths, and higher modularity values compared to neurotypical peers. Small-worldness, network portrait divergence measures, and community detection analyses were consistent with these results and indicated that macroscopic properties of the two networks differed and that the semantic network for individuals with MS was more fractured than the neurotypical peer network. Moreover, a spreading activation simulation and percolation analysis suggested that the semantic networks of individuals with MS are less flexible and activation degrades faster than those of age-matched neurotypical participants.

Conclusions: These differing semantic network structures suggest that language retrieval difficulties in MS partially result from decline in language-specific factors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

目的:尽管人们通常认为多发性硬化症(MS)患者的语言功能基本完好,但找词困难却是患者的常见症状。最近的研究表明,语言能力的下降并不仅仅是与多发性硬化症密切相关的运动和认知能力减退的结果。网络科学方法已被有效地用于研究与临床症状、衰老和语言有关的网络结构。本研究利用网络科学方法来研究多发性硬化症患者与年龄匹配的神经畸形同龄人相比,是否表现出更少的语义网络相互连接和弹性:我们利用 89 名多发性硬化症患者和 88 名神经畸形患者的语义流畅性数据,估算并分析了各组患者的语义网络结构。此外,我们还进行了渗流分析,以检查每个网络的弹性:网络测量结果显示,与神经畸形患者相比,多发性硬化症患者的局部和全局聚类系数较低,平均最短路径长度较长,模块化值较高。小世界度、网络肖像发散测量和群落检测分析与这些结果一致,并表明两种网络的宏观属性不同,多发性硬化症患者的语义网络比神经畸形同龄人的网络更加支离破碎。此外,扩散激活模拟和渗流分析表明,多发性硬化症患者的语义网络比年龄匹配的神经畸形参与者的语义网络更不灵活,激活退化更快:这些不同的语义网络结构表明,多发性硬化症患者的语言检索困难部分源于语言特异性因素的衰退。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)。
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引用次数: 0
Interference and attentional switching in aging. 老化过程中的干扰和注意力转换
IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000919
Chris A Schumann, Nathan J Evans, Gail A Robinson

Objective: Diffusion decision modeling (DDM) is a validated cognitive modeling method that has been used to provide insights into why older adults are slower than younger adults on a wide variety of cognitive tasks. DDM results have shown that increased processing time, caution, and sensorimotor factors have explained most of this slowing. Enhanced attentional processing of irrelevant information by older adults has also been reported in DDM studies but not explicitly studied. This enhanced processing of interference has been attributed to a motivational goal-directed decision to minimize errors by increasing accumulation of information (i.e., caution) rather than neurocognitive changes associated with aging. No DDM study has explicitly investigated interference and aging by comparing single task and dual performance within the framework of attentional control to explore more fully what and how attentional processes are involved. Our study attempts to fill these gaps.

Method: We used a choice response time (RT) task of attentional switching with and without interference and applied the EZ-diffusion model on the data of 117 healthy younger and older adults aged 18-87.

Results: Repeated mixed-measures analyses of variance of DDM parameters found that longer nondecision time was the main driver for longer RTs for older adults on both attentional switch tasks, but more prominently on the attentional switch trials of the dual task.

Conclusions: Processing interference before the decision to switch attention was the main driver of increased RTs for older adults. Rather than motivational goal-directed factors for error minimization (i.e., caution), findings supported neurocognitive and inhibition deficit explanations. Future DDM studies into cognition and aging could consider how difficulties inhibiting interference impacts on the cognitive processes under investigation and whether the concept of caution is applicable. Findings raise functional considerations for older adults on visually oriented tasks that require attentional switching (e.g., work vs. driving). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

研究目的扩散决策建模(DDM)是一种经过验证的认知建模方法,已被用于深入研究老年人在各种认知任务上比年轻人慢的原因。DDM 结果表明,处理时间的增加、谨慎和感觉运动因素可以解释这种迟钝的大部分原因。在 DDM 研究中,也有报告称老年人对无关信息的注意加工能力增强,但没有进行明确的研究。这种对干扰处理的增强被归因于一种动机目标导向的决定,即通过增加信息积累(即谨慎)来尽量减少错误,而不是与衰老相关的神经认知变化。目前还没有任何一项 DDM 研究通过在注意控制框架内比较单一任务和双重表现来明确调查干扰和衰老问题,从而更全面地探索哪些注意过程以及如何参与其中。我们的研究试图填补这些空白:我们使用了有干扰和无干扰的注意转换的选择反应时间(RT)任务,并对 117 名年龄在 18-87 岁之间的健康年轻人和老年人的数据应用了 EZ 扩散模型:结果:DDM参数的重复混合测量方差分析发现,在两项注意转换任务中,较长的非决策时间是老年人较长RT的主要驱动因素,但在双重任务的注意转换试验中更为突出:结论:做出注意力转换决定之前的加工干扰是导致老年人 RTs 增加的主要原因。研究结果支持神经认知和抑制缺陷的解释,而不是错误最小化的动机目标导向因素(即谨慎)。未来有关认知和老龄化的 DDM 研究可以考虑抑制干扰的困难如何影响所研究的认知过程,以及谨慎的概念是否适用。研究结果提出了老年人在执行需要转换注意力的视觉导向任务(如工作与驾驶)时的功能性考虑。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, 版权所有)。
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引用次数: 0
Does early adversity predict executive functioning difficulties among undergraduates? Dissociations among self-report, performance, and EEG measures. 早期逆境能预测大学生的执行功能困难吗?自我报告、表现和脑电图测量之间的分离。
IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000921
Rebecca J Compton, Eric Kopczynski, Keishla Sanchez, Katrina Severtson, Joanna Gengo, Olivia Ahart, Lauren Handler

Objective: The present research aimed to determine whether self-reports of early adversity predicted individual differences in self-reported and laboratory-measured executive functioning in college-aged samples.

Method: Two studies with young adult samples (n = 231 and n = 61) measured endorsement of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), self-reported executive functioning difficulties on the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), and self-report measures of depression and emotion regulation. The second sample also completed laboratory performance tasks of working memory, inhibitory control, and selective attention while electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded.

Results: In both samples, greater self-reported ACEs predicted greater reports of executive functioning difficulties on the BRIEF (rs = 0.378 and 0.322), relationships of medium effect size that remained significant when controlling for depression and emotion regulation variables. In the second sample, despite robust EEG/event-related potential (ERP) task findings in the group as a whole, neither lab task performance nor EEG/ERP measures were reliably correlated with individual differences in ACEs.

Conclusions: We consider multiple alternative explanations for why early adversity predicted self-reported executive functioning difficulties but not lab task performance or neural measures in the same sample. These findings may reflect a propensity for negative self-evaluation among those with early adverse experiences, leading to inflated estimates of their own executive function problems. Alternatively, the findings may indicate that the lab tasks are insufficient in tapping aspects of executive functions that are relevant outside the lab context. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

目的:本研究旨在确定早期逆境的自我报告是否能预测大学年龄样本中自我报告和实验室测量的执行功能的个体差异。方法:两项研究分别以青年成人为样本(n = 231和n = 61),测量了不良童年经历(ace)的认可、执行功能行为评定量表(BRIEF)中自我报告的执行功能困难,以及抑郁和情绪调节的自我报告。第二组同时完成工作记忆、抑制控制和选择性注意的实验任务,同时记录脑电图。结果:在两个样本中,更大的自我报告的ace预示着更多的BRIEF执行功能困难报告(rs = 0.378和0.322),中等效应量的关系在控制抑郁和情绪调节变量时仍然显著。在第二个样本中,尽管整个组的EEG/事件相关电位(ERP)任务结果稳健,但实验室任务表现和EEG/ERP测量都没有可靠地与ace的个体差异相关。结论:我们考虑了多种不同的解释,为什么早期逆境预测自我报告的执行功能困难,而不是实验室任务表现或神经测量在同一样本中。这些发现可能反映了那些早期不良经历的人倾向于消极的自我评价,导致他们对自己的执行功能问题的高估。另外,研究结果可能表明,实验室任务在挖掘与实验室环境之外相关的执行功能方面是不够的。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c) 2023 APA,版权所有)。
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引用次数: 0
Relationships between hourly cognitive variability and risk of Alzheimer's disease revealed with mixed-effects location scale models. 混合效应位置量表模型揭示了每小时认知变异性与阿尔茨海默病风险之间的关系。
IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-20 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000905
Andrew J Aschenbrenner, Jason Hassenstab, John C Morris, Carlos Cruchaga, Joshua J Jackson

Objective: Observational studies on aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) typically focus on mean-level changes in cognitive performance over relatively long periods of time (years or decades). Additionally, some studies have examined how trial-level fluctuations in speeded reaction time are related to both age and AD. The aim of the current project was to describe patterns of variability across repeated days of testing as a function of AD risk in cognitively normal older adults.

Method: The current project examined the performance of the Ambulatory Research in Cognition (ARC) smartphone application, a high-frequency remote cognitive assessment paradigm, that administers brief tests of episodic memory, spatial working memory, and processing speed. Bayesian mixed-effects location scale models were used to explore differences in mean cognitive performance and intraindividual variability across 28 repeated sessions over a 1-week assessment interval as function of age and genetic risk of AD, specifically the presence of at least one apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele.

Results: Mean performance on processing speed and working memory was negatively related to age and APOE status. More importantly, e4 carriers exhibited increased session-level variability on a test of processing speed compared to noncarriers. Age and education did not consistently relate to cognitive variability, contrary to expectations.

Conclusion: Preclinical AD risk, defined as possessing at least one APOE ε4 allele, is not only associated with mean-level performance differences, but also with increases in variability across repeated testing occasions particularly on a test of processing speed. Thus, cognitive variability may serve as an additional and important indicator of AD risk. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

目的:关于衰老和阿尔茨海默病(AD)的观察性研究通常集中在相对较长时间(几年或几十年)内认知表现的平均水平变化上。此外,一些研究还研究了快速反应时间的试验水平波动与年龄和AD的关系。当前项目的目的是描述认知正常的老年人在重复几天的试验中的变异模式,作为AD风险的函数。方法:当前项目检查了认知动态研究(ARC)智能手机应用程序的性能,这是一种高频远程认知评估范式,负责对情景记忆、空间工作记忆和处理速度进行简短测试。贝叶斯混合效应位置量表模型用于探索在1周的评估间隔内,28次重复治疗的平均认知表现和个体内变异性的差异,作为年龄和AD遗传风险的函数,特别是至少一种载脂蛋白E(APOE)ε4等位基因的存在。结果:处理速度和工作记忆的平均表现与年龄和APOE状态呈负相关。更重要的是,与非载波相比,e4载波在处理速度测试中表现出更高的会话级别可变性。与预期相反,年龄和教育与认知变异性的关系并不一致。结论:临床前AD风险,定义为至少拥有一个APOEε4等位基因,不仅与平均水平的表现差异有关,还与重复测试的变异性增加有关,尤其是在处理速度测试中。因此,认知变异性可能是AD风险的一个额外的重要指标。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2023 APA,保留所有权利)。
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引用次数: 0
Parental warmth, stressful life events, and impulsivity: A gene-environment-wide interaction study. 父母的温暖、压力生活事件和冲动:一项全基因-环境交互研究。
IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000927
Xinrui Wang, Hejun Liu, Qinghua He, Chuansheng Chen, Gui Xue, Qi Dong, Chunhui Chen

Objective: Impulsivity is influenced by genetic, neural, and environmental factors, but no study has examined how these factors work together to generate individual differences in impulsivity. The present study aimed to define the functional network that subserves impulsivity and test its relations with the gene-environment interactions found in the gene-environment-wide interaction study.

Method: This study used a sample of healthy Chinese college students (N = 1,145) to identify gene-environment interactive effects on impulsivity, then defined the functional brain network related to impulsivity in an independent sample (N = 483), and explored the gene-brain associations using polygenic risk score.

Results: The present study found that 14 genes showed significant interactive effects with parental warmth (a protective environmental factor) and that six genes showed significant interactive effects with stressful life events (a risk environmental factor). The polygenic risk score for parental warmth was significantly correlated with functional connectivity especially the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG)-left inferior occipital and left MFG-left superior frontal gyrus functional connectivity, while the polygenic risk score for more stressful life events was significantly correlated with functional connectivity of left dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) to other regions. These associations were stronger in more adverse environments (i.e., low parental warmth or high stressful life events).

Conclusions: This was the first gene-environment-wide interaction study of impulsivity. Future studies should replicate our results and explore the underlying mechanisms of these interactions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

目的:冲动受遗传、神经和环境因素的影响,但没有研究表明这些因素是如何共同作用产生冲动的个体差异的。本研究旨在定义服从冲动的功能网络,并测试其与基因-环境全交互研究中发现的基因-环境交互的关系。方法:本研究以健康的中国大学生(N=1145)为样本,确定基因-环境交互作用对冲动性的影响,然后在独立样本(N=483)中定义与冲动性相关的功能性脑网络,并利用多基因风险评分探讨基因-脑的关联。结果:本研究发现,14个基因与父母温暖(一种保护性环境因素)表现出显著的交互作用,6个基因与压力生活事件(一种风险环境因素)显示出显著的相互作用。父母温暖的多基因风险评分与功能连接显著相关,尤其是左额中回(MFG)-左枕下回和左MFG-左额上回功能连接,而压力较大的生活事件的多基因风险评分与左背内侧前额叶皮层(DMPFC)与其他区域的功能连接显著相关。在更不利的环境中(即父母温暖程度低或生活压力大),这些关联性更强。结论:这是第一次对冲动性进行全基因-环境交互研究。未来的研究应该复制我们的结果,并探索这些相互作用的潜在机制。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2023 APA,保留所有权利)。
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引用次数: 0
What's in a score: A longitudinal investigation of scores based on item response theory and classical test theory for the Amsterdam Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire in cognitively normal and impaired older adults. 分数的意义基于项目反应理论和经典测试理论,对认知正常和受损老年人的阿姆斯特丹日常生活活动工具问卷评分进行纵向调查。
IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000914
Mark A Dubbelman, Merel C Postema, Roos J Jutten, John E Harrison, Craig W Ritchie, André Aleman, Frank Jan de Jong, Benjamin D Schalet, Caroline B Terwee, Wiesje M van der Flier, Philip Scheltens, Sietske A M Sikkes

Objective: We aimed to investigate whether item response theory (IRT)-based scoring allows for a more accurate, responsive, and less biased assessment of everyday functioning than traditional classical test theory (CTT)-based scoring, as measured with the Amsterdam Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire.

Method: In this longitudinal multicenter study including cognitively normal and impaired individuals, we examined IRT-based and CTT-based score distributions and differences between diagnostic groups using linear regressions, and investigated scale attenuation. We compared change over time between scoring methods using linear mixed models with random intercepts and slopes for time.

Results: Two thousand two hundred ninety-four participants were included (66.6 ± 7.7 years, 54% female): n = 2,032 (89%) with normal cognition, n = 93 (4%) with subjective cognitive decline, n = 79 (3%) with mild cognitive impairment, and n = 91 (4%) with dementia. At baseline, IRT-based and CTT-based scores were highly correlated (r = -0.92). IRT-based scores showed less scale attenuation than CTT-based scores. In a subsample of n = 1,145 (62%) who were followed for a mean of 1.3 (SD = 0.6) years, IRT-based scores declined significantly among cognitively normal individuals (unstandardized coefficient [B] = -0.15, 95% confidence interval, 95% CI [-0.28, -0.03], effect size = -0.02), whereas CTT-based scores did not (B = 0.20, 95% CI [-0.02, 0.41], effect size = 0.02). In the other diagnostic groups, effect sizes of change over time were similar.

Conclusions: IRT-based scores were less affected by scale attenuation than CTT-based scores. With regard to responsiveness, IRT-based scores showed more signal than CTT-based scores in early disease stages, highlighting the IRT-based scores' superior suitability for use in preclinical populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

目的我们的目的是研究基于项目反应理论(IRT)的评分是否比基于传统经典测验理论(CTT)的评分更准确、反应更迅速、偏差更小,正如阿姆斯特丹日常生活工具活动问卷所测量的那样:在这项多中心纵向研究中,我们对认知能力正常和受损的个体进行了研究,利用线性回归分析了基于 IRT 和基于 CTT 的评分分布以及诊断组之间的差异,并对量表衰减进行了调查。我们使用线性混合模型比较了不同计分方法随时间的变化,并对时间进行了随机截距和斜率:共纳入 2294 名参与者(66.6 ± 7.7 岁,54% 为女性):n = 2,032 人(89%)认知正常,n = 93 人(4%)主观认知下降,n = 79 人(3%)轻度认知障碍,n = 91 人(4%)痴呆。基线时,基于 IRT 的评分和基于 CTT 的评分高度相关(r = -0.92)。与 CTT 评分相比,IRT 评分的量表衰减较小。在平均随访 1.3 (SD = 0.6) 年的 n = 1,145 (62%) 个子样本中,认知正常者的 IRT 评分显著下降(非标准化系数 [B] = -0.15,95% 置信区间,95% CI [-0.28, -0.03],效应大小 = -0.02),而 CTT 评分没有下降(B = 0.20,95% CI [-0.02, 0.41],效应大小 = 0.02)。在其他诊断组中,随时间变化的效应大小相似:结论:与 CTT 评分相比,IRT 评分受量表衰减的影响较小。在反应性方面,基于IRT的评分在疾病早期阶段比基于CTT的评分显示出更多的信号,这突出表明基于IRT的评分更适合用于临床前人群。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, 版权所有)。
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引用次数: 0
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Neuropsychology
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