{"title":"Antifungal Effect of Macrophages Against Candida krusei-Synergistic Effect with Flucytosine","authors":"K. Kamei, K. Yokoyama, J. Ito, H. Kaji, K. Nishimura, M. Miyaji","doi":"10.3314/JJMM.36.303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3314/JJMM.36.303","url":null,"abstract":"抗真菌剤が示す抗菌力は,しばしばin vivoとin vitroとで大きく異なることが知られており,真菌症治療における問題点の一つとなっている.この現象が起こる理由の一つとして生体のdefense mechanismと抗真菌剤とが協力して抗菌力を発揮している可能性が考えられる.そこで,flucytosineが,マウス腹腔マクロファージの存在下に示す抗菌作用を,近年,深在性真菌症の原因菌として注目されているCandida kruseiを用いて検討した.チオグリコレート培地により,ICRマウスの腹腔マクロファージを誘導,分離した後,flucytosineの存在下でC.kruseiを加え,24時間後に逆培養しcolony forming unit数から抗菌力を判定した.その結果,1) マクロファージはC.kruseiに対し静菌作用を有する,2) flucytosineは,C.kruseiに対し単独では0.1-1μg/mlの範囲では有意な抗菌作用を示さず,10μg/mlに至って初めて抗菌作用を示す,3) マクロファージの存在下では,flucytosineは単独投与の場合の1/100の濃度に当たる0.1μg/mlの濃度から,抗菌作用を示すこと,等が示された.この結果から,マクロファージとflucytosineがin vitroで協同作用を持っていることが明らかになった.これは,現在施行されている抗真菌剤のMIC測定法と臨床効果との解離の一因となっている可能性があり,in vitroにおける抗真菌剤の抗菌力判定法に関し,新たな検討の必要性を示唆するものと考えられる.","PeriodicalId":19301,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi","volume":"73 1","pages":"303-307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86124368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Cutler, T. Kanbe, Ren-Kai Li, Q. Qian, Yongmoon Han, M. Riesselman
The ability of Candida albicans to adhere to host tissue may well represent an important virulence trait of this opportunistic fungal pathogen. The initiation of lesions at specific tissue locations in the host appears due to specific adherence interactions between adhesins of C. albicans and host cell surface ligands. We and others have found that adhesins appear associated with the phosphomannoprotein of the candidal cell surface. Hydrophilic yeast cells specifically attach to mouse splenic marginal zone macrophages via adhesins that are associated with the glycan portion of the phosphomannoprotein complex. Treatment of yeast cells with β-mercaptoethanol causes release of the fungal adhesin. The adhesin activity is preserved following boiling or digestion with proteolytic enzymes, but is lost following α-mannosidase digestion or periodate oxidation, thus giving support to the mannan nature of the adhesin (s). Hydrolysis of the mannan adhesins by 10mM HCl yields acid-stable and acidlabile moieties, and adhesin sites are associated with both moieties. Adhesin activity in the acid-stable part appears to involve the α-1, 6-linked mannose backbone and the α-1, 2-linked mannosyl side chains. In the acid-labile portion, a β-1, 2-linked tetramannose side-chain shows strong adhesin activity. In related work, we found that specific elimination of macrophages results in increased susceptibility of mice to disseminated candidiasis. In addition, mice induced to make an antibody response against the adhesin preparation are more resistant to disease. Our results indicate that macrophages are important in host resistance against disseminated candidiasis, and we speculate that antibodies specific for mannan adhesins aid in host resistance.
{"title":"Mannan Adhesins of Candida albicans: Characterization and Pathogenetic Implications","authors":"J. Cutler, T. Kanbe, Ren-Kai Li, Q. Qian, Yongmoon Han, M. Riesselman","doi":"10.3314/JJMM.36.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3314/JJMM.36.193","url":null,"abstract":"The ability of Candida albicans to adhere to host tissue may well represent an important virulence trait of this opportunistic fungal pathogen. The initiation of lesions at specific tissue locations in the host appears due to specific adherence interactions between adhesins of C. albicans and host cell surface ligands. We and others have found that adhesins appear associated with the phosphomannoprotein of the candidal cell surface. Hydrophilic yeast cells specifically attach to mouse splenic marginal zone macrophages via adhesins that are associated with the glycan portion of the phosphomannoprotein complex. Treatment of yeast cells with β-mercaptoethanol causes release of the fungal adhesin. The adhesin activity is preserved following boiling or digestion with proteolytic enzymes, but is lost following α-mannosidase digestion or periodate oxidation, thus giving support to the mannan nature of the adhesin (s). Hydrolysis of the mannan adhesins by 10mM HCl yields acid-stable and acidlabile moieties, and adhesin sites are associated with both moieties. Adhesin activity in the acid-stable part appears to involve the α-1, 6-linked mannose backbone and the α-1, 2-linked mannosyl side chains. In the acid-labile portion, a β-1, 2-linked tetramannose side-chain shows strong adhesin activity. In related work, we found that specific elimination of macrophages results in increased susceptibility of mice to disseminated candidiasis. In addition, mice induced to make an antibody response against the adhesin preparation are more resistant to disease. Our results indicate that macrophages are important in host resistance against disseminated candidiasis, and we speculate that antibodies specific for mannan adhesins aid in host resistance.","PeriodicalId":19301,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi","volume":"4 1","pages":"193-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89353641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Hasegawa, T. Nikai, R. Yamashita, Yukie Yoshikawa, H. Sugihara, K. Ogawa, M. Mizuno
An elastolytic proteinase was isolated from Aspergillus fumigatus by column chromatography using diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-Sephacel, carboxymethyl (CM)-Sephadex C-50 and Mono-S. Homogeneity was confirmed by the formation of a single band after disk polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). This enzyme had a molecular weight of 32, 000 Da as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-PAGE.The enzyme activity was inhibited by leupeptin, diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), phenylmethan-esulfonylfluoride (PMSF), α1-antitrypsin, α2-macroglobulin and ulinastatin. However, neither ethylene-diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) nor dithiothreitol (DTT) showed any effect on it. This enzyme contained 366 amino acid residues and exhibited an isoelectric point of 9.1. The Aα chain of human fibrinogen was cleaved first, followed later by the Bβ and γ chains.Elastolytic proteinase from A. fumigatus possesses proteolytic activity as demmonstrated by the hydrolysis of Asn(3)-Gln(4), Gly(8)-Ser(9), Glu(13)-Ala(14), Tyr(16)-Leu(17), Gly(20)-Glu(21), Tyr(26)-Thr(27), and Lys(29)-Ala(30) bonds of oxidized insulin B chain.
{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Elastolytic Proteinase from Aspergillus fumigatus","authors":"Y. Hasegawa, T. Nikai, R. Yamashita, Yukie Yoshikawa, H. Sugihara, K. Ogawa, M. Mizuno","doi":"10.3314/JJMM.36.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3314/JJMM.36.235","url":null,"abstract":"An elastolytic proteinase was isolated from Aspergillus fumigatus by column chromatography using diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-Sephacel, carboxymethyl (CM)-Sephadex C-50 and Mono-S. Homogeneity was confirmed by the formation of a single band after disk polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). This enzyme had a molecular weight of 32, 000 Da as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-PAGE.The enzyme activity was inhibited by leupeptin, diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), phenylmethan-esulfonylfluoride (PMSF), α1-antitrypsin, α2-macroglobulin and ulinastatin. However, neither ethylene-diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) nor dithiothreitol (DTT) showed any effect on it. This enzyme contained 366 amino acid residues and exhibited an isoelectric point of 9.1. The Aα chain of human fibrinogen was cleaved first, followed later by the Bβ and γ chains.Elastolytic proteinase from A. fumigatus possesses proteolytic activity as demmonstrated by the hydrolysis of Asn(3)-Gln(4), Gly(8)-Ser(9), Glu(13)-Ala(14), Tyr(16)-Leu(17), Gly(20)-Glu(21), Tyr(26)-Thr(27), and Lys(29)-Ala(30) bonds of oxidized insulin B chain.","PeriodicalId":19301,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi","volume":"23 1","pages":"235-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88185229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Studies on the Dissemination of Dermatophytes from the Feet of Tinea Pedis Patients after Treatment with Topical Terbinafine Cream Using the Foot-press Culture","authors":"T. Katoh, Rhuji Maruyama, K. Nishioka","doi":"10.3314/JJMM.36.229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3314/JJMM.36.229","url":null,"abstract":"足からの皮膚糸状菌の散布状況を直接評価できるFoot-press培養法(FP法と略す)を用いて,足白癬患者の抗真菌剤外用による治療後の菌散布状況を検討した.対象は足白癬患者24例で,1%塩酸テルビナフィンクリーム(ラミシール®)を1日1回単純塗布させ,皮膚所見の観察,直接鏡検,試験管斜面培地による培養およびFP法を行った.初診時のFP法の陽性率は24例中17例(70.8%)で,足白癬患者が菌を散布していることが確認された.治療後の効果判定ができた21例の最終の皮膚所見判定の改善以上(著明改善と改善)は18例(85.7%),直接鏡検陰性は15例(71.4%)であった.さらにこの21例中,初診時FP法陽性の14例では,治療開始1週後の皮膚所見の改善以上と直接鏡検陰性化率がともに20.0%であるのに対し,FP法の陰性化率は75.0%,2週後の改善以上が66.7%,直接鏡検陰性化率が41.7%であるのに対し,FP法の陰性化率は83.3%であった.3週以後はFP法はすべて陰性であった.また,1週後にFP法が陽性の1例は,病変を認めないために外用を行わなかったかかとのみから菌が分離された.以上より,臨床的に症状が残り,直接鏡検陽性であってもFP法の陰性化率は高く,抗真菌剤外用が足からの皮膚糸状菌の散布を比較的速やかに抑制することがわかった.また,病変を認めなくても,足底全体と全趾間に外用する必要があることも示唆された.","PeriodicalId":19301,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi","volume":"39 1","pages":"229-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80940848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Detection of Asp-hemolysin from Clinical Isolated Strains of Aspergillus fumigatus","authors":"K. Ebina, Katsumasa Suzuki, T. Kumagai, Y. Fukuchi, R. Amitani, K. Yokota","doi":"10.3314/JJMM.36.245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3314/JJMM.36.245","url":null,"abstract":"Aspergillus fumigatus感染におけるAsp-hemolysinの関与を推定する目的からA.fumigatus臨床分離株でのAsp-hemolysinタンパク質,およびそのmRNA発現の有無をウエスタンブロット法ならびにノーザンブロット法により検討した.ウエスタンブロット解析の結果,サブロー培地培養株16株中5株に,199培地培養株16株中12株にそれぞれ抗Asp-hemolysinウサギ抗血清に対し反応陽性を示すバンドが認められた.また,ノーザンブロット解析では,サブロー培地培養株16株中6株に,199培地培養株16株中13株にAsp-hemolysin cDNAとハイブリダイズした約0.7kb mRNAの単一シグナルが認められた.以上の結果から,Asp-hemolysinはA.fumigatus臨床分離株の遺伝子にもコードされていることが明らかとなった.","PeriodicalId":19301,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi","volume":"38 1","pages":"245-250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86556886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
急性骨髄性白血病の化学療法開始後,四肢を中心に筋層内まで及ぶカンジダ性の結節性皮下膿瘍が多発した症例を経験した.症例は47歳,男性.急性骨髄性白血病の為,behenoyl-Ara C (BHAC), daunolubicin (DNR)による化学療法を受けたところ,骨髄抑制が長期間続き,高熱が出現した.化学療法開始一ヵ月後には右上肺野に異常陰影が出現すると共に,上下肢を中心に多発性の結節性皮下膿瘍が出現し,頚部CT上椎体前面にも膿瘍が認められるようになった.これらの皮下膿瘍は筋層内まで達しており,その摘出組織の培養からCandida tropicalisが分離された.治療として,fluconazole(FCZ)を投与し,加えて7ヵ所の皮下膿瘍のうち5ヵ所を摘出した.2ヵ月後,右上肺野,頚部にあった膿瘍に加えて,残りの皮下膿瘍の消失をみた.
急性骨髓性白血病的化疗开始后，经历了以四肢为中心，累及肌层内的念珠菌性结节性皮下脓肿多发的病例。病例47岁，男性。因患急性骨髓性白血病，在接受behenoyl-Ara C (BHAC)、daunolubicin (DNR)的化疗时，骨髓长期受到抑制，出现高烧。化疗开始一个月后，右上肺野出现异常阴影，同时以上下肢为中心出现多发性结节性皮下脓肿，颈椎CT上椎体前面也出现脓肿，这些皮下脓肿已到达肌层内，从摘除组织的培养中分离出Candida tropicalis。作为治疗，注射了fluconazole(FCZ)，并摘除了7处皮下脓肿中的5处。2个月后，除右上肺野和颈部的脓肿外，还发现剩余的皮下脓肿消失。
{"title":"A Case of Nodular Subcutaneous Abscesses due to Candida tropicalis Complicated by Acute Myeloid Leukemia","authors":"T. Sakata, M. Fukuda, K. Hirashima, Y. Inoue","doi":"10.3314/JJMM.36.251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3314/JJMM.36.251","url":null,"abstract":"急性骨髄性白血病の化学療法開始後,四肢を中心に筋層内まで及ぶカンジダ性の結節性皮下膿瘍が多発した症例を経験した.症例は47歳,男性.急性骨髄性白血病の為,behenoyl-Ara C (BHAC), daunolubicin (DNR)による化学療法を受けたところ,骨髄抑制が長期間続き,高熱が出現した.化学療法開始一ヵ月後には右上肺野に異常陰影が出現すると共に,上下肢を中心に多発性の結節性皮下膿瘍が出現し,頚部CT上椎体前面にも膿瘍が認められるようになった.これらの皮下膿瘍は筋層内まで達しており,その摘出組織の培養からCandida tropicalisが分離された.治療として,fluconazole(FCZ)を投与し,加えて7ヵ所の皮下膿瘍のうち5ヵ所を摘出した.2ヵ月後,右上肺野,頚部にあった膿瘍に加えて,残りの皮下膿瘍の消失をみた.","PeriodicalId":19301,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi","volume":"55 1","pages":"251-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82736872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dermatophyte Flora Surveyed at the Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine in 1991 and 1992","authors":"M. Maeda, T. Noda, S. Mori, Y. Kitajima, H. Sawamura, Y. Shikano","doi":"10.3314/JJMM.36.265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3314/JJMM.36.265","url":null,"abstract":"全国各地での白癬菌相や白癬の病型はこれまでに数々報告されているが,過去と対比して検討した報告は少ない.そこで,われわれは最近2年間(1991～1992年)の岐阜大学皮膚科を受診した患者について白癬菌相や病型の統計的観察を試みる一方で,10年前の統計と比較検討した.その結果,1) 新患6,627名中白癬患者は533名(8.0%)を占めていた.2) 月別では,7月が最も多く次に6月,8月または5月に多かった.3) 足白癬は50～60歳台に多く,体部と股部白癬は比較的高齢者に多い傾向にあった.4) TR/TM比は10年前(3.0～4.0)に比べ1.4～1.3と低下した.10年前の同統計と比較すると,患者は10年前(745名;9.8%)よりやや減少傾向にあり,病型別では男女合計すると10年前の745例中足白癬(54.1%)>爪白癬(16.2%)>股部白癬(11.7%)>体部白癬(10.5%)>手白癬(7.9%)の順から今回は533例中足白癬(58.2%)>体部白癬(14.8%)>爪白癬(9.8%)>股部白癬(9.2%)>手白癬(7.5%)の順となり,爪白癬と股部白癬の減少と体部白癬の増加が目だった,TR/TM比も低下していることより,受診患者層や病型の変動および菌種の変化が窺われた.","PeriodicalId":19301,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi","volume":"95 1","pages":"265-270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74774471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the Hematogenous Spread of Candida albicans from the Lung","authors":"J. Cui, Rui Zhao, M. Hotchi","doi":"10.3314/JJMM.36.223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3314/JJMM.36.223","url":null,"abstract":"播種性カンジダ症における肺からの血行性伝播の機序を明らかにするため,各種処置を施したマウスに経気道的にCandida albicansを接種して病理組織学的に検討した.ICR及びBALB/cマウスを用い,抗癌剤と副腎皮質ホルモンを腹腔内に4日間投与して,末梢白血球数を4,000/mm3以下とした.C.albicansの生菌2×106個を気管より肺内に接種した.対照動物では全身播種は起こらなかったが,薬物処理マウスでは2日目より血行性播種が観察された.肺では径50μm以下の血管内に侵入した菌体は線維素性血栓で包まれ,血行性播種には至らなかったが,径50μm以上の静脈内に侵入した菌体は全身播種を生じ,マウスの感染死をもたらした.真菌の血管内侵入は肺胞壁と血管壁を直接貫通して行われた.また,I型肺胞上皮が積極的に細胞質突起を出して,真菌を取り囲む像も観察された.上述の薬物処理マウスに生菌を接種した後,ヘパリンを静注すると,真菌の全身播種と感染死の頻度が増加した.予め同種マウスで作られた抗カンジダ抗体を連日静注しておくと,末梢白血球数の上昇が観察され,肺における白血球の浸潤も顕著となり,真菌の全身播種と感染死の頻度が減少した,以上の結果から,C.albicansの肺からの血行性播種には,肺に予め特別な処置をしない場合,ある程度の全身的な生体防御能の低下,特に白血球の減少が必要であり,肺内のやや太い静脈内に真菌が侵入すると血行性播種が起こることが明らかになった.また,血液凝固能やカンジダに対する抗体の存在などが血行性播種に深く関わっていることが示唆された.","PeriodicalId":19301,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi","volume":"23 1","pages":"223-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89057621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：