A. Ishiguro, T. Kanbe, Matsuko Doi, M. Homma, K. Horibe, Kenji Tanaka
The levels of IgG antibodies specific for enolase, extracellular proteinase (EPR) and common antigens of Candida albicans, namely, the 67, 62, 29 and 25 kDa components in five children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were sequentially monitored by Western blot analysis. The total amounts of immunoglobulins in all sera of patients were below the normal range. Enolase-specific antibodies were detected in four of the five patients and in 38-57% of healthy children. EPR-specific antibody which was not detected in healthy children was shown only in one patient. In contrast, antibodies specific for the 67, 62, 29 and 25 kDa components were frequently detected in patients as well as in healthy children. In most cases in which specific antibodies were detected, the intensities of bands were sequentially decreased during chemotherapy, especially for the 29 and 25 kDa. Candida cells were recovered from four patients with enolase-specific antibodies. These preliminary results justify a large-scale study of quantitative tests of antibodies for enolase, EPR, and 29 and 25 kDa components of C. albicans to clarify their usefulness for monitoring candidal infection and immune status during chemotherapy in patients with ALL.
{"title":"Detection of IgG Antibodies Specific for Candida albicans Antigens in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.","authors":"A. Ishiguro, T. Kanbe, Matsuko Doi, M. Homma, K. Horibe, Kenji Tanaka","doi":"10.3314/JJMM.37.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3314/JJMM.37.167","url":null,"abstract":"The levels of IgG antibodies specific for enolase, extracellular proteinase (EPR) and common antigens of Candida albicans, namely, the 67, 62, 29 and 25 kDa components in five children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were sequentially monitored by Western blot analysis. The total amounts of immunoglobulins in all sera of patients were below the normal range. Enolase-specific antibodies were detected in four of the five patients and in 38-57% of healthy children. EPR-specific antibody which was not detected in healthy children was shown only in one patient. In contrast, antibodies specific for the 67, 62, 29 and 25 kDa components were frequently detected in patients as well as in healthy children. In most cases in which specific antibodies were detected, the intensities of bands were sequentially decreased during chemotherapy, especially for the 29 and 25 kDa. Candida cells were recovered from four patients with enolase-specific antibodies. These preliminary results justify a large-scale study of quantitative tests of antibodies for enolase, EPR, and 29 and 25 kDa components of C. albicans to clarify their usefulness for monitoring candidal infection and immune status during chemotherapy in patients with ALL.","PeriodicalId":19301,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi","volume":"62 1","pages":"167-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88129091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prophylactic Effect of Enterococcus casseliflavus NF-1004 Preparation on the Lethal Infection of Mice with Opportunistic Pathogens","authors":"T. Nohmi, S. Abe, T. Ikeda, Tetsurou Yamamoto, H. Yamaguchi","doi":"10.3314/JJMM.37.175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3314/JJMM.37.175","url":null,"abstract":"主要な日和見感染菌であるCandida albicans,緑膿菌およびMRSAのマウス感染モデルを用いて乳酸菌Enterococcus casseliflavus NF-1004株熱水処理死菌体標品(NF-1004標品)の感染予防効果について検討した.C.albicans感染モデルに対して,NF-1004標品は腹腔内投与のみならず経口投与によっても感染予防効果を示し,対照群に比して有意に生存期間を延長させた.その際,NF-1004標品投与マウスの腎臓内におけるC.albicansの生菌数は対照群に比して有意に減少していた.このNF-1004標品の効果は,感染させる前にcyclophosphamideで易感染状態にした時に強く発揮されるという特徴があった.緑膿菌およびMRSA感染モデルに対してはNF-1004標品の腹腔内投与が感染予防効果を示した.以上の結果より,日和見感染症が予想される患者に対する予防法としてNF-1004標品が使用できる可能性を指摘した.","PeriodicalId":19301,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi","volume":"126 1","pages":"175-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89854068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
mtDNAのRFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism)分析によりE. dermatitidis, E. jeanselmei (var. jeanselmei), E. jeanselmei var. heteromorpha, E. jeanselmei var. lecaniicorni, E. spinifera, F. pedrosoi, P. verrucosa, C. carrionii, H. werneckiiは明確に区別され同定が可能である事が示された.またE.dermatitidisが極めて均一な種である事,E.jeanselmei,E.spinifera,E.moniliaeが複合種である事が示唆され,F.pedrosoi,P.verrucosa,C.carrionii,H.werneckiiでは種内変異はあるものの遺伝的にまとまりのある単一種である事が明らかにされた.更にF.pedrosoiとF.compacta及びP.verrucosaとP.americanaがそれぞれ同一種である事が遺伝的に示され,F.pedrosoiは6,P.verrucosaは10,C.carrioniiは4,H.werneckiiは9のタイプに分けられた.前3種において各タイプは地域特異的な分布を示し,後の一種では地域特異性は見られない事よりH.werneckiiが他の3種とは異なる分布の広げ方をしている事が推測された.また系統的に遠い関係にある,即ち共通の祖先から早い時期に分かれたと推定されるタイプがいずれも南米において分離されている事から,これらの菌種が北米及びアジアに比べ,より古くから南米に存在していた事が推測された.
根据mtDNA的RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism)分析，E. dermatitidis，詹斯梅(var. jeanselmei)，詹斯梅var. heteromorpha，詹斯梅var. lecaniicorni，E. spinifera, F. pedrosoi, P. verrucosa, C. carrionii，h。werneckii明确区分被辨识有可能表明了一件事。另外e.dermatitidis非常均匀的种事,e.jeanselmei, e.spinifera, e.moniliae复合种有被暗示,f.pedrosoi, p.verrucosa, c.carrionii, h.werneckii那么种内的遗传变异是运河的一个单一物种中被明确的一件事。另外，f.p osoi和F.compacta以及P.verrucosa和P.americana分别是同一种基因，f.p odrosoi是6种，P.verrucosa是10种，C. Carrionii分为4种，H.werneckii分为9种。前三种中各类型都呈现出区域特异性分布，后一种则没有区域特异性，由此可以推测H.werneckii的分布方式与其他三种不同。从从共同的祖先很早分离出来的类型都是在南美分离出来的，由此可以推测，这些菌种与北美及亚洲相比，更早的时候就存在于南美。
{"title":"Typing and Molecular Epidemiology of Some Black Fungi Based on Analysis of the Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism in the Mitochondrial DNA","authors":"M. Kawasaki","doi":"10.3314/JJMM.37.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3314/JJMM.37.129","url":null,"abstract":"mtDNAのRFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism)分析によりE. dermatitidis, E. jeanselmei (var. jeanselmei), E. jeanselmei var. heteromorpha, E. jeanselmei var. lecaniicorni, E. spinifera, F. pedrosoi, P. verrucosa, C. carrionii, H. werneckiiは明確に区別され同定が可能である事が示された.またE.dermatitidisが極めて均一な種である事,E.jeanselmei,E.spinifera,E.moniliaeが複合種である事が示唆され,F.pedrosoi,P.verrucosa,C.carrionii,H.werneckiiでは種内変異はあるものの遺伝的にまとまりのある単一種である事が明らかにされた.更にF.pedrosoiとF.compacta及びP.verrucosaとP.americanaがそれぞれ同一種である事が遺伝的に示され,F.pedrosoiは6,P.verrucosaは10,C.carrioniiは4,H.werneckiiは9のタイプに分けられた.前3種において各タイプは地域特異的な分布を示し,後の一種では地域特異性は見られない事よりH.werneckiiが他の3種とは異なる分布の広げ方をしている事が推測された.また系統的に遠い関係にある,即ち共通の祖先から早い時期に分かれたと推定されるタイプがいずれも南米において分離されている事から,これらの菌種が北米及びアジアに比べ,より古くから南米に存在していた事が推測された.","PeriodicalId":19301,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi","volume":"55 26 1","pages":"129-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87840344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Germ tube production of Candida albicans is favoured by, and is adapted to, conditions of nutrient deprivation, particularly low nitrogen. Hyphal development in media containing low serum concentrations is characterised by the formation of sparsely branched hyphae in which uninucleated, highly vacuolated intercalary compartments are arrested in the cell cycle, probably in G1. Re-entry into the cell cycle is accelerated by enrichment of the medium for nutrients and is preceded by reduction of the vacuolar space and concomitant increase in the size of the cytoplasmic volume. Hyphae exhibit contact guidance (thigmotropism) which may facilitate the invasion of tissues through local wounds, invaginations or sites of weakened surface integrity. Thus hyphal growth is adapted for nutrient scavenging and penetration of irregular surfaces.The genetics of dimorphism and virulence has been investigated through studies of differential gene expression, and by specific manipulation of gene expression by overexpression and the creation of null mutants. The expression of many genes is regulated during dimorphism however few of these play active roles in the regulation of morphogenesis. Disruption of genes encoding certain secreted aspartyl proteinases (SAP2) and a key step in the assembly of O-linked mannosylation (MNT1) led to attenuation of virulence. Manipulation of the expression of a hyphal specific gene HYR1 did not affect germ tube growth while overexpression of a constitutively expressed Candida gene HST7 stimulated pseudohyphal growth in Saccharomyces. Therefore, analysis and manipulation of the normal temporal pattern of gene expression is yielding valuable information regarding the regulation of morphogenesis and pathogenesis in this fungus.
{"title":"Candida albicans: Morphogenesis and Pathogenesis","authors":"N. Gow","doi":"10.3314/JJMM.37.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3314/JJMM.37.49","url":null,"abstract":"Germ tube production of Candida albicans is favoured by, and is adapted to, conditions of nutrient deprivation, particularly low nitrogen. Hyphal development in media containing low serum concentrations is characterised by the formation of sparsely branched hyphae in which uninucleated, highly vacuolated intercalary compartments are arrested in the cell cycle, probably in G1. Re-entry into the cell cycle is accelerated by enrichment of the medium for nutrients and is preceded by reduction of the vacuolar space and concomitant increase in the size of the cytoplasmic volume. Hyphae exhibit contact guidance (thigmotropism) which may facilitate the invasion of tissues through local wounds, invaginations or sites of weakened surface integrity. Thus hyphal growth is adapted for nutrient scavenging and penetration of irregular surfaces.The genetics of dimorphism and virulence has been investigated through studies of differential gene expression, and by specific manipulation of gene expression by overexpression and the creation of null mutants. The expression of many genes is regulated during dimorphism however few of these play active roles in the regulation of morphogenesis. Disruption of genes encoding certain secreted aspartyl proteinases (SAP2) and a key step in the assembly of O-linked mannosylation (MNT1) led to attenuation of virulence. Manipulation of the expression of a hyphal specific gene HYR1 did not affect germ tube growth while overexpression of a constitutively expressed Candida gene HST7 stimulated pseudohyphal growth in Saccharomyces. Therefore, analysis and manipulation of the normal temporal pattern of gene expression is yielding valuable information regarding the regulation of morphogenesis and pathogenesis in this fungus.","PeriodicalId":19301,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi","volume":"1 1","pages":"49-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72757919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Conti, W. Magliani, M. Gerloni, P. Fisicaro, C. Cantelli, P. Mozzoni, D. Bertolotti, L. Polonelli
The fungicidal activity of uman natural antibodies. elicited in the course of Candida albicans and Pneumocystis carinii infections against the cell wall receptors for a Pichia anomala killer toxin. that mimic the yeast killer toxin-like antiidiotypic antibodies (antibiobodies) raised through parenteral and mucosal immunization with a yeast killer toxin neutralizing monoclonal antibody (idiotypic vaccination) which protected animals from systemic and vaginal candidiasis is discussed on the basis of the background of the yeast killer phenomenon and in the perspective of the potential of molecular immunology for the production of conceptually new engineered antifungal recombinant antibodies.
{"title":"Antireceptor Yeast Killer Toxin-like Antibiobodies","authors":"S. Conti, W. Magliani, M. Gerloni, P. Fisicaro, C. Cantelli, P. Mozzoni, D. Bertolotti, L. Polonelli","doi":"10.3314/JJMM.37.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3314/JJMM.37.63","url":null,"abstract":"The fungicidal activity of uman natural antibodies. elicited in the course of Candida albicans and Pneumocystis carinii infections against the cell wall receptors for a Pichia anomala killer toxin. that mimic the yeast killer toxin-like antiidiotypic antibodies (antibiobodies) raised through parenteral and mucosal immunization with a yeast killer toxin neutralizing monoclonal antibody (idiotypic vaccination) which protected animals from systemic and vaginal candidiasis is discussed on the basis of the background of the yeast killer phenomenon and in the perspective of the potential of molecular immunology for the production of conceptually new engineered antifungal recombinant antibodies.","PeriodicalId":19301,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi","volume":"25 1","pages":"63-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83933212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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