{"title":"Itraconazole in the Treatment of Pulmonary Aspergillosis","authors":"Y. Niki, Takashi Sasaki, K. Yoshida, N. Miyashita, M. Nakajima, T. Matsushima","doi":"10.3314/JJMM.37.239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3314/JJMM.37.239","url":null,"abstract":"トリアゾール系抗真菌薬イトラコナゾール(ITCZ)を,種々の肺アスペルギルス感染症例あるいはその疑いの10例の患者に投与して,それぞれの血中濃度および一部では病巣内の濃度を測定し,また,感染症例ではその臨床効果を検討した.ITCZの血中濃度は用量相関的に高まり,200～400mg/日,8日間以上の投与では1,300ng/mlを上まわる最高血中濃度が得られていた,ただ症例によってはやや血中濃度上昇の不十分なものもみられ,吸収性や代謝の個人差については注意が必要と考えられる.組織内移行については,肺組織へは血中濃度の3/4程度が移行していたが,胸水内濃度はやや低く,1例では測定下限以下であった.また,喀痰中へのITCZ移行も確認できなかった.臨床効果は他の治療法との総合的な評価でみた結果,感染症例9例中2例で治癒,5例で改善の有効率77.8%であったが,血中濃度の高低と必ずしも相関をみなかった.しかしながら,長期間投与でも特に副作用の出現をみたものはなく,慢性経過例や維持療法には好適と考えられた.さらに,比較的大量の初期用量を用いて早期に十分な血中濃度を得ることで,より侵襲型感染も含めた幅広い治療適応も得られるものと考えられた.","PeriodicalId":19301,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi","volume":"22 1","pages":"239-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75931276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical Evaluation of the Efficacy of Antifungal Therapy","authors":"W. Naka","doi":"10.3314/JJMM.37.211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3314/JJMM.37.211","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19301,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi","volume":"1 1","pages":"211-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72914793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deep-seated Mycosis in Patients with Bone Marrow Transplantation in the United States","authors":"M. Wakayama, K. Shibuya, T. Ando, Kei Takahashi, S. Naoe, W. Coulson","doi":"10.3314/JJMM.37.229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3314/JJMM.37.229","url":null,"abstract":"免疫抑制療法を基盤として発症する日和見真菌感染症の制御は,骨髄移植の成否の鍵を握る重要な要素の一つであろう.今回我々は,米国における骨髄移植剖検例を用い,深在性真菌症の合併頻度や原因菌,侵襲臓器について検討を行った.深在性真菌症は,骨髄移植例の31.5%にみられた.その1/4例は全身性真菌症として認められた.つまり,強力な骨髄抑制が求められる骨髄移植例では,より重篤な全身性真菌症が惹起され易い可能性がある.原因菌の大部分はアスペルギルスとカンジダであった.また,経年的推移をみると,カンジダ症の合併頻度は近年著しく減少しているが,アスペルギルス症は逆に増加傾向にあった.これはカンジダ症が有効な抗真菌剤の開発によって合併頻度の減少が十分期待できるのに対して,アスペルギルス症の治療が困難であることが反映された結果であると考えられた.すなわち,骨髄移植に合併した深在性真菌症を考える上で,アスペルギルス症の予防法や有効かつ安全な治療法の確立が,今後の骨髄移植の成功率を上げる不可欠の要因であると推察された.","PeriodicalId":19301,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi","volume":"20 1","pages":"229-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74446026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Augmentation of Anti-Candida Activity of Lanoconazole by Lysozyme","authors":"S. Tansho, T. Tansho, T. Ikeda, S. Abe, H. Yamaguchi, P. Perera","doi":"10.3314/JJMM.37.245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3314/JJMM.37.245","url":null,"abstract":"lysozymeとアゾール系抗真菌剤lanoconazoleのCandida albicans(以下Candida)発育阻止能に対する併用効果を検討した.Candida発育量は,サブロー培地で14時間培養したときの濁度の増加で測定し,卵白lysozymeとlanoconazoleを培養系に添加したときのCandida発育阻止能を求めた.その結果,1)8株のCandidaのうちlysozymeは,7株の発育を阻止した.それらの7株はlanoconazoleと併用すると,より強いCandidaの発育阻止を示した.そのうちの平均的な1株(TIMM1768)では,共存することによって相乗的効果が見られた.2)Candida発育に対する阻止効果は,14時間から72時間に培養時間を延長した場合にも観察された.3)lysozymeとlanoconazoleを共存させた14時間培養下でのCandida菌数は,培養開始時と変化がなかった.これらの結果からlysozymeは,lanoconazoleのCandida発育阻止能を,相加的または相乗的に強めることが示され,その併用効果が,臨床的に局所治療効果を高める可能性を考察した.","PeriodicalId":19301,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi","volume":"53 1","pages":"245-249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84028775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
凝血酶原蛋白(TM)是存在于血管内皮细胞上的膜表面糖蛋白。作者们最近展示了TM作为组织球的标记，对慢性肉芽肿性炎症中出现的细胞成分的分类有帮助。此次，作者选取了深在性真菌病的代表性疾病——孢子虫，使用抗TM抗体进行了免疫组织化学研究，并与已知的组织球标记物的免疫组织化学染色进行了比较研究，结果为TM阳性细胞感染,出现性肉芽肿的c d 11 b, c d 14, cd16, cd33, cd68, mac387,或者根据ライソザイム路标被各自的组织球几乎重复,表现出一个独立的细胞集团被暗示了的事。本研究的成绩表明，在炎症组织中组织球类细胞的分化方面，TM是有效的标记。
This is a short review of the ultrastructure observed in various types of conidial and other kinds of fungal spores as revealed by freeze-fracturing. We conclude that on the basis of ultrastructural difference the pathogenic Cladosporium species should be transferred to another genus.
{"title":"Ultrastructure of Fungal Conidial and Spore Walls as Revealed by Freeze-Fracturing a Basis to Show Phylogenical Difference Between Pathogenic and Saprobic Cladosporium Species","authors":"K. Takeo, K. Nishimura, M. Miyaji","doi":"10.3314/JJMM.37.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3314/JJMM.37.123","url":null,"abstract":"This is a short review of the ultrastructure observed in various types of conidial and other kinds of fungal spores as revealed by freeze-fracturing. We conclude that on the basis of ultrastructural difference the pathogenic Cladosporium species should be transferred to another genus.","PeriodicalId":19301,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi","volume":"44 1","pages":"123-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90202183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of Itraconazole on Cell Membrane of Murine Macrophages","authors":"Y. Hinohara, H. Ochi, S. Ishijima, M. Osumi, S. Abe, H. Yamaguchi","doi":"10.3314/JJMM.37.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3314/JJMM.37.161","url":null,"abstract":"アゾール系抗真菌剤であるイトラコナゾール(ITCZ)のマウスマクロファージ細胞膜に及ぼす作用について検討した.C3H/HeJマウスの誘導腹腔マクロファージをITCZ存在下で20時間培養し,0.0375%のデオキシコール酸(DOC)で処理した.その後トリパンブルーで染色し,その染色率を膜のDOC感受性の指標として用いた.ITCZ 0.5μg/ml以上の濃度で37℃の培養によりDOC感受性が上昇し,この感受性の変化は早期の2時間後からみられた.また4℃で培養するとDOC感受性は上昇しなかった.この作用は,ITCZ及びその代謝産物であるハイドロキシイトラコナゾールにおいて特に強く,他のアゾール系抗真菌剤では弱かった.また腸球菌製剤FK-23存在下でITCZとともに培養した場合には,DOC処理なしでもマクロファージのトリパンブルー染色性が上昇し,細胞膜の性質を変化させることが示唆された.以上のマクロファージに及ぼすITCZの作用が,ITCZの免疫調節作用とどのように関係しているかを考察した.","PeriodicalId":19301,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi","volume":"2 1","pages":"161-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89899566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Until now, 10 cases of phaeohyphomycosis have been reported in China. Their causative agents were as follows: Exophiala dermatitidis (4 cases), E. spinifera (3), E. jeanselmei (1), Alternaria alternata (1) and Veronaea botryosa (1). The clinical data will be reviewed in this paper.The pathogenic dematiaceous fungi isolated from the phaeohyphomycosis patients were identified carefully and the conidiogenesis of these organisms was studied by using a scanning electron microscope. Besides of these, physiological and other studies were also carried out to aid the correct classification and identification. RAPD-PCR technique was applied to the genomic DNA assay of pathogenic ‘black yeasts’ and reveled highly polymorphisms in their genomic fingerprints.The ecological studies were carried out and seven species were isolated from the soil and rotting plant materials. Phialophora verrucosa was the most dominant species in nature in Shandong, China, followed by Exophiala spinifera and Veronaea botryosa. The pathogenicity of Veronaea botryosa and Exophiala spinifera were studied by using both normal and precompromised mice. The results show that both natural and clinical strains of V. botryosa have potential pathogenicity. E. spinifera is neurotropic and its pathogenicity is specially potential in immunodeficient hosts.
{"title":"Studies on Phaeohyphomycosis and Its Causative Agents in China","authors":"Ruoyu Li, Duanli Wang","doi":"10.3314/JJMM.37.135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3314/JJMM.37.135","url":null,"abstract":"Until now, 10 cases of phaeohyphomycosis have been reported in China. Their causative agents were as follows: Exophiala dermatitidis (4 cases), E. spinifera (3), E. jeanselmei (1), Alternaria alternata (1) and Veronaea botryosa (1). The clinical data will be reviewed in this paper.The pathogenic dematiaceous fungi isolated from the phaeohyphomycosis patients were identified carefully and the conidiogenesis of these organisms was studied by using a scanning electron microscope. Besides of these, physiological and other studies were also carried out to aid the correct classification and identification. RAPD-PCR technique was applied to the genomic DNA assay of pathogenic ‘black yeasts’ and reveled highly polymorphisms in their genomic fingerprints.The ecological studies were carried out and seven species were isolated from the soil and rotting plant materials. Phialophora verrucosa was the most dominant species in nature in Shandong, China, followed by Exophiala spinifera and Veronaea botryosa. The pathogenicity of Veronaea botryosa and Exophiala spinifera were studied by using both normal and precompromised mice. The results show that both natural and clinical strains of V. botryosa have potential pathogenicity. E. spinifera is neurotropic and its pathogenicity is specially potential in immunodeficient hosts.","PeriodicalId":19301,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi","volume":"11 1","pages":"135-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80789503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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