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Diffusion MRI in prostate cancer with ultra-strong whole-body gradients. 利用超强全身梯度对前列腺癌进行弥散磁共振成像。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q2 BIOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5229
Malwina Molendowska, Marco Palombo, Kieran G Foley, Krishna Narahari, Fabrizio Fasano, Derek K Jones, Daniel C Alexander, Eleftheria Panagiotaki, Chantal M W Tax

Diffusion-weighted MRI (dMRI) is universally recommended for the detection and classification of prostate cancer (PCa), with PI-RADS recommendations to acquire b-values of ≥1.4 ms/μm2. However, clinical dMRI suffers from a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as the consequence of prolonged echo times (TEs) attributable to the limited gradient power in the range of 40-80 mT/m. To overcome this, MRI systems with strong gradients have been designed but so far have mainly been applied in the brain. The aim of this work was to assess the feasibility, data quality, SNR and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of measurements in PCa with a 300 mT/m whole-body system. A cohort of men without and with diagnosed PCa were imaged on a research-only 3T Connectom Siemens MRI system equipped with a gradient amplitude of 300 mT/m. dMRI at high b-values were acquired using high gradient amplitudes and compared with gradient capabilities mimicking clinical systems. Data artefacts typically amplified with stronger gradients were assessed and their correction evaluated. The SNR gains and lesion-to-healthy tissue CNR were statistically tested investigating the effect of protocol and b-value. The diagnostic quality of the images for different dMRI protocols was assessed by an experienced radiologist using a 5-point Likert scale and an adapted PI-QUAL scoring system. The strong gradients for prostate dMRI allowed a significant gain in SNR per unit time compared with clinical gradients. Furthermore, a 1.6-2.1-fold increase in CNR was observed. Despite the more pronounced artefacts typically associated with strong gradients, a satisfactory correction could be achieved. Smoother and less biased parameter maps were obtained with protocols at shorter TEs. The results of this study show that dMRI in PCa with a whole-body 300-mT/m scanner is feasible without a report of physiological effects, SNR and CNR can be improved compared with lower gradient strengths, and artefacts do not negate the benefits of strong gradients and can be ameliorated. This assessment provides the first essential step towards unveiling the full potential of cutting-edge scanners, now increasingly becoming available, to advance early detection and diagnostic precision.

扩散加权磁共振成像(dMRI)被普遍推荐用于前列腺癌(PCa)的检测和分类,PI-RADS 建议获取≥1.4 ms/μm2 的 b 值。然而,由于 40-80 mT/m 范围内的梯度功率有限,回波时间(TE)较长,导致临床 dMRI 的信噪比(SNR)较低。为了克服这一问题,人们设计了具有强梯度的磁共振成像系统,但迄今为止主要应用于脑部。这项工作的目的是评估使用 300 mT/m 全身系统测量 PCa 的可行性、数据质量、信噪比(SNR)和对比噪声比(CNR)。使用高梯度振幅采集高b值的dMRI,并与模拟临床系统的梯度能力进行比较。对较强梯度通常会放大的数据伪影进行了评估和校正。对信噪比增益和病变-健康组织 CNR 进行了统计测试,以研究方案和 b 值的影响。不同 dMRI 方案的图像诊断质量由一名经验丰富的放射科医生使用 5 点李克特量表和改编的 PI-QUAL 评分系统进行评估。与临床梯度相比,前列腺 dMRI 的强梯度可显著提高单位时间内的 SNR。此外,还观察到 CNR 增加了 1.6-2.1 倍。尽管强梯度通常会产生更明显的伪影,但仍能达到令人满意的校正效果。采用较短 TEs 的方案获得的参数图更平滑,偏差更小。这项研究的结果表明,使用全身 300 mT/m 扫描仪进行 PCa 的 dMRI 是可行的,且不会产生生理效应,与较低的梯度强度相比,信噪比(SNR)和 CNR 都有所提高,而伪影并不会抵消强梯度的优势,并且可以得到改善。这项评估为揭示尖端扫描仪的全部潜力迈出了重要的第一步,现在越来越多的尖端扫描仪可用于推进早期检测和精确诊断。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of compartmental analytical Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging models against Monte Carlo simulations performed over cortical micro-angiograms. 将分区分析型血氧饱和度依赖性功能磁共振成像模型与通过皮层微血管图进行的蒙特卡罗模拟进行比较。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q2 BIOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-08 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5252
Jordan Charest, Mathieu Walsh, Élie Genois, Emmanuelle Sévigny, Pierre-Olivier Schwarz, Louis Gagnon, Michèle Desjardins

Blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD fMRI) arises from a physiological and physical cascade of events taking place at the level of the cortical microvasculature which constitutes a medium with complex geometry. Several analytical models of the BOLD contrast have been developed, but these have not been compared directly against detailed bottom-up modeling methods. Using a 3D modeling method based on experimentally measured images of mice microvasculature and Monte Carlo simulations, we quantified the accuracy of two analytical models to predict the amplitude of the BOLD response from 1.5 to 7 T, for different echo time (TE) and for both gradient echo and spin echo acquisition protocols. We also showed that accounting for the tridimensional structure of the microvasculature results in more accurate prediction of the BOLD amplitude, even if the values for SO2 were averaged across individual vascular compartments. A secondary finding is that modeling the venous compartment as two individual compartments results in more accurate prediction of the BOLD amplitude compared with standard homogenous venous modeling, arising from the bimodal distribution of venous SO2 across the microvasculature in our data.

依赖血氧水平的功能性磁共振成像(BOLD fMRI)源于皮层微血管水平上发生的一系列生理和物理事件,而皮层微血管是一种具有复杂几何形状的介质。目前已开发出多个 BOLD 对比分析模型,但这些模型尚未与详细的自下而上建模方法进行直接比较。利用基于小鼠微血管实验测量图像和蒙特卡罗模拟的三维建模方法,我们量化了两个分析模型在 1.5 到 7 T、不同回波时间(TE)以及梯度回波和自旋回波采集协议下预测 BOLD 反应振幅的准确性。我们还发现,考虑微血管的三维结构能更准确地预测 BOLD 幅值,即使 SO2 的值是各个血管区的平均值。另一个发现是,与标准的同质静脉建模相比,将静脉分区作为两个独立分区建模能更准确地预测 BOLD 幅值,这是因为我们的数据显示静脉 SO2 在整个微血管中呈双峰分布。
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引用次数: 0
Arterial input function estimation compensating for inflow and partial voluming in dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. 动态对比增强磁共振成像中补偿流入和部分容积的动脉输入功能估算。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q2 BIOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5225
Chih-Hsien Tseng, Martijn A Nagtegaal, Matthias J P van Osch, Jaap Jaspers, Alejandra Mendez Romero, Piotr Wielopolski, Marion Smits, Frans M Vos

Both inflow and the partial volume effect (PVE) are sources of error when measuring the arterial input function (AIF) in dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI. This is relevant, as errors in the AIF can propagate into pharmacokinetic parameter estimations from the DCE data. A method was introduced for flow correction by estimating and compensating the number of the perceived pulse of spins during inflow. We hypothesized that the PVE has an impact on concentration-time curves similar to inflow. Therefore, we aimed to study the efficiency of this method to compensate for both effects simultaneously. We first simulated an AIF with different levels of inflow and PVE contamination. The peak, full width at half-maximum (FWHM), and area under curve (AUC) of the reconstructed AIFs were compared with the true (simulated) AIF. In clinical data, the PVE was included in AIFs artificially by averaging the signal in voxels surrounding a manually selected point in an artery. Subsequently, the artificial partial volume AIFs were corrected and compared with the AIF from the selected point. Additionally, corrected AIFs from the internal carotid artery (ICA), the middle cerebral artery (MCA), and the venous output function (VOF) estimated from the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) were compared. As such, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the correction method with different levels of inflow and PVE in clinical data. The simulation data demonstrated that the corrected AIFs had only marginal bias in peak value, FWHM, and AUC. Also, the algorithm yielded highly correlated reconstructed curves over increasingly larger neighbourhoods surrounding selected arterial points in clinical data. Furthermore, AIFs measured from the ICA and MCA produced similar peak height and FWHM, whereas a significantly larger peak and lower FWHM was found compared with the VOF. Our findings indicate that the proposed method has high potential to compensate for PVE and inflow simultaneously. The corrected AIFs could thereby provide a stable input source for DCE analysis.

在动态对比增强(DCE)磁共振成像中测量动脉输入功能(AIF)时,流入和部分容积效应(PVE)都是误差来源。这一点很重要,因为 AIF 的误差会传播到 DCE 数据的药代动力学参数估计中。我们引入了一种方法,通过估计和补偿流入过程中感知到的自旋脉冲数来进行血流校正。我们假设 PVE 对浓度-时间曲线的影响与流入相似。因此,我们旨在研究这种方法同时补偿两种效应的效率。我们首先模拟了不同流入量和 PVE 污染水平的 AIF。将重建的 AIF 的峰值、半最大值全宽(FWHM)和曲线下面积(AUC)与真实(模拟)的 AIF 进行比较。在临床数据中,通过对动脉中人工选定点周围体素的信号进行平均,人为地在 AIF 中加入了 PVE。随后,对人工部分容积 AIF 进行校正,并与所选点的 AIF 进行比较。此外,我们还比较了颈内动脉(ICA)、大脑中动脉(MCA)和上矢状窦(SSS)估测的静脉输出功能(VOF)的校正 AIF。因此,我们的目的是研究在临床数据中不同流入量和 PVE 水平下校正方法的有效性。模拟数据表明,校正后的 AIF 在峰值、FWHM 和 AUC 方面仅存在微小偏差。此外,该算法还能在临床数据中选定的动脉点周围越来越大的邻域内生成高度相关的重建曲线。此外,通过 ICA 和 MCA 测量的 AIF 具有相似的峰高和 FWHM,而与 VOF 相比,AIF 的峰值明显更大,FWHM 更小。我们的研究结果表明,所提出的方法在同时补偿 PVE 和流入量方面具有很大的潜力。因此,校正后的 AIF 可为 DCE 分析提供稳定的输入源。
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引用次数: 0
Brain volume and microglial density changes are correlated in a juvenile mouse model of cranial radiation and CSF1R inhibitor treatment. 颅内辐射和 CSF1R 抑制剂治疗幼鼠模型的脑容量和小胶质细胞密度变化具有相关性。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q2 BIOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5222
Ramy Ayoub, Sabrina Yang, Helen Ji, Lloyd Fan, Steven De Michino, Donald J Mabbott, Brian J Nieman

Microglia have been shown to proliferate and become activated following cranial radiotherapy (CRT), resulting in a chronic inflammatory response. We investigated the role of microglia in contributing to widespread volume losses observed in the brain following CRT in juvenile mice. To manipulate microglia, we used low-dose treatment with a highly selective CSF1R inhibitor called PLX5622 (PLX). We hypothesized that alteration of the post-CRT microglia population would lead to changes in brain development outcomes, as evaluated by structural MRI. Wild-type C57BL/6J mice were provided with daily intraperitoneal injections of PLX (25 mg/kg) or vehicle from postnatal day (P)14 to P19. Mice also received whole-brain irradiation (7 Gy) or sham irradiation (0 Gy) at 16 days of age. In one cohort of mice, immunohistochemical assessment in tissue sections was conducted to assess the impact of the selected PLX and CRT doses as well as their combination. In a separate cohort, mice were imaged using MRI at P14 (pretreatment), P19, P23, P42 and P63 in order to assess induced volume changes, which were measured based on structures from a predefined atlas. We observed that PLX and radiation treatments led to sex-specific changes in the microglial cell population. Across treatment groups, MRI-detected anatomical volumes at P19 and P63 were associated with microglia and proliferating microglia densities, respectively. Overall, our study demonstrates that low-dose PLX treatment produces a sex-dependent response in juvenile mice, that manipulation of microglia alters CRT-induced volume changes and that microglia density and MRI-derived volume changes are correlated in this model.

有研究表明,小胶质细胞在颅脑放射治疗(CRT)后会增殖和活化,从而导致慢性炎症反应。我们研究了小胶质细胞在导致幼年小鼠接受 CRT 后大脑体积广泛缩小方面的作用。为了操纵小胶质细胞,我们使用了一种名为 PLX5622(PLX)的高选择性 CSF1R 抑制剂进行低剂量治疗。我们假设,CRT 后小胶质细胞群的改变将导致大脑发育结果的改变,并通过结构性核磁共振成像进行评估。从出生后第 14 天到第 19 天,野生型 C57BL/6J 小鼠每天腹腔注射 PLX(25 毫克/千克)或药物。小鼠在出生后 16 天还接受了全脑照射(7 Gy)或假照射(0 Gy)。在一组小鼠中,对组织切片进行了免疫组化评估,以评估选定的 PLX 和 CRT 剂量及其组合的影响。在另一个队列中,小鼠在P14(治疗前)、P19、P23、P42和P63时分别接受了核磁共振成像,以评估诱发的体积变化。我们观察到,PLX 和放射治疗会导致小胶质细胞群发生性别特异性变化。在所有治疗组中,P19 和 P63 时 MRI 检测到的解剖体积分别与小胶质细胞和增殖小胶质细胞密度相关。总之,我们的研究表明,低剂量 PLX 治疗会对幼鼠产生性别依赖性反应,对小胶质细胞的操作会改变 CRT 诱导的体积变化,而且在该模型中,小胶质细胞密度和 MRI 衍生的体积变化是相关的。
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引用次数: 0
Repeatability of alkaline inorganic phosphate quantification in the skeletal muscle using 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3 T. 在 3 T 条件下使用 31P 磁共振光谱定量骨骼肌中碱性无机磷酸盐的重复性。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q2 BIOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5255
Alexs A Matias, Corinna F Serviente, Stephen T Decker, Muhammet Enes Erol, Gaia Giuriato, Yann Le Fur, Rajakumar Nagarajan, David Bendahan, Gwenael Layec

The detection of a secondary inorganic phosphate (Pi) resonance, a possible marker of mitochondrial content in vivo, using phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS), poses technical challenges at 3 Tesla (T). Overcoming these challenges is imperative for the integration of this biomarker into clinical research. To evaluate the repeatability and reliability of measuring resting skeletal muscle alkaline Pi (Pialk) using with 31P-MRS at 3 T. After an initial set of experiments on five subjects to optimize the sequence, resting 31P-MRS of the quadriceps muscles were acquired on two visits (~4 days apart) using an intra-subjects design, from 13 sedentary to moderately active young male and female adults (22 ± 3 years old) within a whole-body 3 T MR system. Measurement variability attributed to changes in coil position, shimming procedure, and spectral analysis were quantified. 31P-MRS data were acquired with a 31P/-proton (1H) dual-tuned surface coil positioned on the quadriceps using a pulse-acquire sequence. Test-retest absolute and relative repeatability was analyzed using the coefficient of variation (CV) and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC), respectively. After sequence parameter optimization, Pialk demonstrated high intra-subject repeatability (CV: 10.6 ± 5.4%, ICC: 0.80). Proximo-distal change in coil position along the length of the quadriceps introduced Pialk quantitation variability (CV: 28 ± 5%), due to magnetic field inhomogeneity with more distal coil locations. In contrast, Pialk measurement variability due to repeated shims from the same muscle volume (0.40 ± 0.09mM; CV: 6.6%), and automated spectral processing (0.37 ± 0.01mM; CV: 2.3%), was minor. The quantification of Pialk in skeletal muscle via surface coil 31P-MRS at 3 T demonstrated excellent reproducibility. However, caution is advised against placing the coil at the distal part of the quadriceps to mitigate shimming inhomogeneity.

利用磷磁共振波谱(31P-MRS)检测次级无机磷酸盐(Pi)共振是体内线粒体含量的一种可能标记,但在 3 特斯拉(T)的条件下检测这种共振存在技术难题。要将这种生物标记纳入临床研究,必须克服这些挑战。目的是评估在 3 T 下使用 31P-MRS 测量静息骨骼肌碱性π(Pialk)的可重复性和可靠性。在对五名受试者进行了一组初步实验以优化序列后,采用受试者内设计,在全身 3 T MR 系统中对 13 名久坐至中等运动量的年轻男女成人(22 ± 3 岁)进行了两次访问(相隔约 4 天),采集了股四头肌的静息 31P-MRS 数据。对线圈位置、垫片程序和频谱分析变化引起的测量变异进行了量化。31P-MRS 数据是使用脉冲获取序列,通过定位在股四头肌上的 31P/ 质子(1H)双调谐表面线圈获取的。使用变异系数(CV)和类内相关系数(ICC)分别分析了测试-重复测试的绝对和相对重复性。序列参数优化后,Pialk 显示出较高的受试者内重复性(CV:10.6 ± 5.4%,ICC:0.80)。线圈位置沿股四头肌长度方向的近远变化带来了 Pialk 定量变异性(CV:28 ± 5%),这是由于线圈位置越远,磁场越不均匀。相比之下,来自同一肌肉体积的重复垫片(0.40 ± 0.09mM;CV:6.6%)和自动光谱处理(0.37 ± 0.01mM;CV:2.3%)造成的皮亚克测量变异性很小。在 3 T 下通过表面线圈 31P-MRS 对骨骼肌中的 Pialk 进行定量显示出极佳的重现性。不过,建议不要将线圈置于股四头肌远端,以减少垫片的不均匀性。
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引用次数: 0
DCE-MRI of the liver with sub-second temporal resolution using GRASP-Pro with navi-stack-of-stars sampling. 使用 GRASP-Pro,以亚秒时间分辨率对肝脏进行 DCE-MRI 扫描,并采用导航星堆采样。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q2 BIOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5262
Jingjia Chen, Chenchan Huang, Krishna Shanbhogue, Ding Xia, Mary Bruno, Yuhui Huang, Kai Tobias Block, Hersh Chandarana, Li Feng

Respiratory motion-induced image blurring and artifacts can compromise image quality in dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) of the liver. Despite remarkable advances in respiratory motion detection and compensation in past years, these techniques have not yet seen widespread clinical adoption. The accuracy of image-based motion detection can be especially compromised in the presence of contrast enhancement and/or in situations involving deep and/or irregular breathing patterns. This work proposes a framework that combines GRASP-Pro (Golden-angle RAdial Sparse Parallel MRI with imProved performance) MRI with a new radial sampling scheme called navi-stack-of-stars for free-breathing DCE-MRI of the liver without the need for explicit respiratory motion compensation. A prototype 3D golden-angle radial sequence with a navi-stack-of-stars sampling scheme that intermittently acquires a 2D navigator was implemented. Free-breathing DCE-MRI of the liver was conducted in 24 subjects at 3T including 17 volunteers and 7 patients. GRASP-Pro reconstruction was performed with a temporal resolution of 0.34-0.45 s per volume, whereas standard GRASP reconstruction was performed with a temporal resolution of 15 s per volume. Motion compensation was not performed in all image reconstruction tasks. Liver images in different contrast phases from both GRASP and GRASP-Pro reconstructions were visually scored by two experienced abdominal radiologists for comparison. The nonparametric paired two-tailed Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare image quality scores, and the Cohen's kappa coefficient was calculated to evaluate the inter-reader agreement. GRASP-Pro MRI with sub-second temporal resolution consistently received significantly higher image quality scores (P < 0.05) than standard GRASP MRI throughout all contrast enhancement phases and across all assessment categories. There was a substantial inter-reader agreement for all assessment categories (ranging from 0.67 to 0.89). The proposed technique using GRASP-Pro reconstruction with navi-stack-of-stars sampling holds great promise for free-breathing DCE-MRI of the liver without respiratory motion compensation.

呼吸运动引起的图像模糊和伪影可能会影响肝脏动态对比增强磁共振成像(DCE-MRI)的图像质量。尽管过去几年在呼吸运动检测和补偿方面取得了重大进展,但这些技术尚未在临床上得到广泛应用。尤其是在对比度增强和/或涉及深呼吸和/或不规则呼吸模式的情况下,基于图像的运动检测的准确性会大打折扣。这项研究提出了一种框架,它将 GRASP-Pro(黄金角径向稀疏并行核磁共振成像(Golden-angle RAdial Sparse Parallel MRI with imProved performance)核磁共振成像与一种名为 "星形导航堆栈"(navi-stack-of-stars)的新型径向采样方案相结合,用于肝脏的自由呼吸 DCE-MRI 而无需明确的呼吸运动补偿。我们实施了一个原型三维黄金角径向序列,该序列采用星形导航堆取样方案,间歇获取二维导航仪。在 3T 下对 24 名受试者(包括 17 名志愿者和 7 名患者)进行了肝脏自由呼吸 DCE-MRI 检查。GRASP-Pro 重建的时间分辨率为每个容积 0.34-0.45 秒,而标准 GRASP 重建的时间分辨率为每个容积 15 秒。所有图像重建任务均未进行运动补偿。由两名经验丰富的腹部放射科医生对 GRASP 和 GRASP-Pro 重建的不同对比阶段的肝脏图像进行目测评分,以进行比较。采用非参数配对双尾 Wilcoxon 符号秩检验来比较图像质量评分,并计算科恩卡帕系数来评估读片者之间的一致性。亚秒级时间分辨率的 GRASP-Pro MRI 获得的图像质量评分明显更高(P
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引用次数: 0
Measuring cerebral enzymatic activity, brain pH and extracranial muscle metabolism with hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate. 用超极化 13C 丙酮酸测量大脑酶活性、大脑 pH 值和颅外肌肉代谢。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q2 BIOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5271
Alixander S Khan, Mary A McLean, Joshua D Kaggie, Ines Horvat-Menih, Tomasz Matys, Rolf F Schulte, Matthew J Locke, Ashley Grimmer, Pascal Wodtke, Elizabeth Latimer, Amy Frary, Martin J Graves, Ferdia A Gallagher

Hyperpolarized carbon-13 (13C) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown promise for non-invasive assessment of the cerebral metabolism of [1-13C]pyruvate in both healthy volunteers and patients. The exchange of pyruvate to lactate catalysed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and that of pyruvate flux to bicarbonate through pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) are the most widely studied reactions in vivo. Here we show the potential of the technique to probe additional enzymatic activity within the brain. Approximately 50 s after intravenous injection of hyperpolarized pyruvate, high-flip-angle pulses were used to detect cerebral 13C-labelled carbon dioxide (13CO2), in addition to the 13C-bicarbonate (H13CO3 -) subsequently formed by carbonic anhydrase (CA). Brain pH measurements, which were weighted towards the extracellular compartment, were calculated from the ratio of H13CO3 - to 13CO2 in seven volunteers using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, demonstrating an average pH ± SD of 7.40 ± 0.02, with inter-observer reproducibility of 0.04. In addition, hyperpolarized [1-13C]aspartate was also detected, demonstrating irreversible pyruvate carboxylation to oxaloacetate by pyruvate carboxylase (PC) and subsequent transamination by aspartate aminotransferase (AST), with the average flux being on average 11% ± 3% of that through PDH. A hyperpolarized [1-13C]alanine signal was also detected, but this was localized to extracranial muscle tissue in keeping with skeletal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity. The results demonstrate the potential of hyperpolarized 13C-MRI to assess cerebral and extracerebral [1-13C]pyruvate metabolism in addition to LDH and PDH activity. Non-invasive measurements of brain pH could be particularly important in assessing cerebral pathology given the wide range of disease processes that alter acid-base balance.

超极化碳-13(13C)磁共振成像(MRI)已显示出对健康志愿者和患者脑部[1-13C]丙酮酸代谢进行无创评估的前景。由乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)催化的丙酮酸与乳酸的交换和丙酮酸脱氢酶(PDH)催化的丙酮酸与碳酸氢盐的交换是研究最广泛的体内反应。在这里,我们展示了该技术探测脑内其他酶活性的潜力。静脉注射超极化丙酮酸约 50 秒后,高翻转角脉冲用于检测脑内 13C 标记的二氧化碳(13CO2),以及随后由碳酸酐酶(CA)形成的 13C 碳酸氢盐(H13CO3-)。根据 Henderson-Hasselbalch 方程,通过 H13CO3 - 与 13CO2 的比率计算出七名志愿者的脑 pH 值,结果显示平均 pH 值为 7.40 ± 0.02(标准差),观察者之间的重复性为 0.04。此外,还检测到了超极化的[1-13C]天冬氨酸,表明丙酮酸羧化酶(PC)将丙酮酸羧化为草酰乙酸,随后天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)将其转氨为不可逆的丙酮酸,平均通量是通过 PDH 的通量的 11% ± 3%。同时还检测到了超极化的[1-13C]丙氨酸信号,但这与骨骼丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)的活性一致,定位在颅外肌肉组织。结果表明,除了 LDH 和 PDH 活性外,超极化 13C-MRI 还具有评估大脑和脑外 [1-13C]丙酮酸代谢的潜力。由于改变酸碱平衡的疾病过程多种多样,因此无创测量脑pH值对评估脑病理学尤为重要。
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引用次数: 0
Scientists' perspectives on ethical issues in research with emerging portable neuroimaging technology: The need for guidance on ethical, legal, and societal implications (ELSI). 科学家对新兴便携式神经成像技术研究伦理问题的看法:伦理、法律和社会影响指南的必要性 (ELSI)。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q2 BIOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-08 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5243
Frances Daniels, Efraín Torres, Frances Lawrenz, Susan M Wolf, Francis X Shen

Deployment of new, more portable, and less costly neuroimaging technologies such as portable magnetoencephalography, electroencephalography, positron emission tomography, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, high-density diffuse optical tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging is advancing rapidly. Given this trajectory toward increasing use of neuroimaging outside the hospital, we sought to identify ethical, legal, and societal implications (ELSI) of these new technologies by understanding the perspectives of those scientists and engineers developing and implementing portable neuroimaging technologies in the United States, Europe, and Asia. Based on a literature review, we identified and contacted 19 potential interviewees and then conducted 11 semi-structured interviews in English by Zoom. Analysis of the interviews revealed key themes and ELSI issues. Developers reported that without proper ELSI guidance, portable and accessible neuroimaging technology could be misused, fail to comply with applicable regulation and policy, and ultimately fall short in its mission to provide neuroimaging for the world. Our interviews suggested that ELSI guidance should address differences between imaging modalities because they vary in capability, limitations, and likelihood of generating incidental findings.

便携式脑磁图、脑电图、正电子发射断层扫描、功能性近红外光谱仪、高密度弥散光学断层扫描和磁共振成像等新型、更便携、成本更低的神经成像技术正在迅速发展。鉴于神经成像技术在医院外的应用越来越广泛,我们试图通过了解美国、欧洲和亚洲开发和实施便携式神经成像技术的科学家和工程师的观点,来确定这些新技术的伦理、法律和社会影响(ELSI)。根据文献综述,我们确定并联系了 19 位潜在受访者,然后通过 Zoom 用英语进行了 11 次半结构化访谈。对访谈的分析揭示了关键主题和ELSI问题。开发人员表示,如果没有适当的ELSI指导,便携式无障碍神经成像技术可能会被滥用,不符合适用的法规和政策,最终无法完成为全世界提供神经成像的使命。我们在访谈中建议,ELSI 指导应针对不同成像模式的差异,因为它们在能力、局限性和产生意外发现的可能性方面各不相同。
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引用次数: 0
Very-long T2-weighted imaging of the non-lesional brain tissue in multiple sclerosis patients. 多发性硬化症患者非病变脑组织的超长 T2 加权成像。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q2 BIOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5235
Pietro Bontempi, Sabrina Marangoni, Lucia Cazzoletti, Albulena Bajrami, Bruno Giometto, Paolo Farace, Umberto Rozzanigo

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that T2-weighted imaging with very long echo time (TE > 300 ms) can provide relevant information in neurodegenerative/inflammatory disorder. Twenty patients affected by relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis with stable disease course underwent 1.5 T 3D FLAIR, 3D T1-weighted, and a multi-echo sequence with 32 echoes (TE = 10-320 ms). Focal lesions (FL) were identified on FLAIR. T1-images were processed to segment deep gray matter (dGM), white matter (WM), FL sub-volumes with T1 hypo-intensity (T1FL), and dGM volumes (atrophy). Clinical-radiological parameters included Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), disease duration, patient age, T1FL, and dGM atrophy. Correlation analysis was performed between the mean signal intensity (SI) computed on the non-lesional dGM and WM at different TE versus the clinical-radiological parameters. Multivariable linear regressions were fitted to the data to assess the association between the dependent variable EDSS and the independent variables obtained by T1FL lesion load and the mean SI of dGM and WM at the different TE. A clear trend is observed, with a systematic strengthening of the significance of the correlation at longer TE for all the relationships with the clinical-radiological parameters, becoming significant (p < 0.05) for EDSS, T1FL volumes, and dGM atrophy. Multivariable linear regressions show that at shorter TE, the SI of the T2-weighted sequences is not relevant for describing the EDSS variability while the T1FL volumes are relevant, and vice versa, at very-long TEs (around 300 ms); the SI of the T2-weighted sequences significantly (p < 0.05) describes the EDSS variability. By very long TE, the SI primarily originates from water with a T2 longer than 250 ms and/or free water, which may be arising from the perivascular space (PVS). Very-long T2-weighting might detect dilated PVS and represent an unexplored MR approach in neurofluid imaging of neurodegenerative/inflammatory diseases.

本研究旨在证明超长回波时间(TE > 300 ms)的 T2 加权成像可为神经退行性疾病/炎症性疾病提供相关信息。20名病程稳定的复发性多发性硬化症患者接受了1.5 T三维FLAIR、三维T1加权和32次回波(TE = 10-320毫秒)的多回波序列检查。在 FLAIR 上确定病灶(FL)。对T1图像进行处理,以分割深部灰质(dGM)、白质(WM)、T1低强度的FL亚体积(T1FL)和dGM体积(萎缩)。临床放射学参数包括残疾状况扩展量表(EDSS)、病程、患者年龄、T1FL和dGM萎缩。在不同TE下计算的非病变dGM和WM的平均信号强度(SI)与临床放射学参数之间进行了相关性分析。对数据进行了多变量线性回归拟合,以评估因变量 EDSS 与自变量 T1FL 病变负荷以及不同 TE 下 dGM 和 WM 的平均 SI 之间的关联。可以观察到一个明显的趋势,即在较长的 TE 下,所有临床放射学参数之间的相关性都有系统性的加强,变得显著(p
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引用次数: 0
Ensemble learning-based pretreatment MRI radiomic model for distinguishing intracranial extraventricular ependymoma from glioblastoma multiforme. 基于集合学习的预处理磁共振成像放射学模型,用于区分颅内室外上皮瘤和多形性胶质母细胞瘤。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q2 BIOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5242
Haoling He, Qianyan Long, Liyan Li, Yan Fu, Xueying Wang, Yuhong Qin, Muliang Jiang, Zeming Tan, Xiaoping Yi, Bihong T Chen

This study aims to develop an ensemble learning (EL) method based on magnetic resonance (MR) radiomic features to preoperatively differentiate intracranial extraventricular ependymoma (IEE) from glioblastoma (GBM). This retrospective study enrolled patients with histopathologically confirmed IEE and GBM from June 2016 to June 2021. Radiomics features were extracted from T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) sequence images, and classification models were constructed using EL methods and logistic regression (LR). The efficiency of the models was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis. The combined EL model, based on clinical parameters and radiomic features from T1WI and T2WI images, demonstrated good discriminative ability, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.96 (95% CI 0.94-0.98), a specificity of 0.84, an accuracy of 0.92, and a sensitivity of 0.95 in the training set, and an AUC of 0.89 (95% CI 0.83-0.94), a specificity of 0.83, an accuracy of 0.81, and a sensitivity of 0.74 in the validation set. The discriminative efficacy of the EL model was significantly higher than that of the LR model. Favorable calibration performance and clinical applicability for the EL model were observed. The EL model combining preoperative MR-based tumor radiomics and clinical data showed high accuracy and sensitivity in differentiating IEE from GBM preoperatively, which may potentially assist in clinical management of these brain tumors.

本研究旨在开发一种基于磁共振(MR)放射学特征的集合学习(EL)方法,用于术前区分颅内室外上皮瘤(IEE)和胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)。这项回顾性研究招募了2016年6月至2021年6月经组织病理学确诊的IEE和GBM患者。研究人员从T1加权成像(T1WI)和T2加权成像(T2WI)序列图像中提取了放射组学特征,并使用EL方法和逻辑回归(LR)构建了分类模型。利用接收者操作特征曲线(ROC)、校准曲线和决策曲线分析评估了模型的效率。基于 T1WI 和 T2WI 图像的临床参数和放射学特征的组合 EL 模型显示出良好的分辨能力,接收器操作特征曲线下面积(AUC)达到 0.96(95% CI 0.94-0.98),特异性为 0.84,准确性为 0.92,灵敏度为 0.95;验证集的 AUC 为 0.89(95% CI 0.83-0.94),特异性为 0.83,准确性为 0.81,灵敏度为 0.74。EL模型的判别效力明显高于LR模型。EL模型具有良好的校准性能和临床适用性。结合术前基于磁共振的肿瘤放射组学和临床数据的EL模型在术前区分IEE和GBM方面显示出较高的准确性和灵敏度,这可能有助于这些脑肿瘤的临床治疗。
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引用次数: 0
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NMR in Biomedicine
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