Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453536
Taichi Shimura, R. Tasaki, Harumo Sasatake, Takahito Yamashita, M. Fujimoto
The occurrence of convex part on metal surface of the product during casting is unpreventable. The purpose of this research is to propose a robot manipulation algorithm with a feedback control system for automatic removal of convex parts, which consists of a tool tip reaction force and a position feedback control, instead of manual removal as done by craftsmen. Removal experiments are carried out to identify the appropriate value of each of the parameters used in the proposed feedback control system. It is shown that better removal time and high-quality surface can be achieved by applying the proposed feedback control in the removal process of convex parts. Besides, sufficient machining performance obtained from the removal processing experiment of convex part of different shape proves that the proposed method is effective on convex parts of unknown shape. In addition, the generality of this system is proven by applying desired reaction force as reference input to the proposed feedback controller s not only to S50C but also to several metal materials such as SUS303, ANP79 and C2801P.
{"title":"Flexible Tool Manipulation for High-Accuracy Removal Processing of Unknown Shape Convex parts","authors":"Taichi Shimura, R. Tasaki, Harumo Sasatake, Takahito Yamashita, M. Fujimoto","doi":"10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453536","url":null,"abstract":"The occurrence of convex part on metal surface of the product during casting is unpreventable. The purpose of this research is to propose a robot manipulation algorithm with a feedback control system for automatic removal of convex parts, which consists of a tool tip reaction force and a position feedback control, instead of manual removal as done by craftsmen. Removal experiments are carried out to identify the appropriate value of each of the parameters used in the proposed feedback control system. It is shown that better removal time and high-quality surface can be achieved by applying the proposed feedback control in the removal process of convex parts. Besides, sufficient machining performance obtained from the removal processing experiment of convex part of different shape proves that the proposed method is effective on convex parts of unknown shape. In addition, the generality of this system is proven by applying desired reaction force as reference input to the proposed feedback controller s not only to S50C but also to several metal materials such as SUS303, ANP79 and C2801P.","PeriodicalId":193338,"journal":{"name":"2021 22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122279470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453654
Hongbo Ye, X. Chen, Yong Cui, Chao Lu, Jun Gu, Xiaobo Ling
Considering the inertia time-varying nature and its significance on frequency initial dynamics, it is meaningful to online real-time estimate available inertia with synchronous measurements. To avoiding the influence of neighboring connected systems on the inertia of specific concerned system, monitoring the system inertia is realized by estimating inertia of individual generator connected to it and aggregated them. Inertia estimation methods presented are swing equation based method with large disturbance measurements and system identification based method with ambient signals, which guarantee the accuracy and continuity of inertia monitoring respectively. The proposed generator inertia estimation system takes full advantage of effective information in PMU measurements, and achieves a useful input to adaptive protection and control application in a near-time way. The methods have been validated with the simulation of IEEE 39 bus system and PMU measurements in power grid in Shanghai, China.
{"title":"Generator Available Inertia Estimation Based on Various Disturbance Measurements of PMU","authors":"Hongbo Ye, X. Chen, Yong Cui, Chao Lu, Jun Gu, Xiaobo Ling","doi":"10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453654","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the inertia time-varying nature and its significance on frequency initial dynamics, it is meaningful to online real-time estimate available inertia with synchronous measurements. To avoiding the influence of neighboring connected systems on the inertia of specific concerned system, monitoring the system inertia is realized by estimating inertia of individual generator connected to it and aggregated them. Inertia estimation methods presented are swing equation based method with large disturbance measurements and system identification based method with ambient signals, which guarantee the accuracy and continuity of inertia monitoring respectively. The proposed generator inertia estimation system takes full advantage of effective information in PMU measurements, and achieves a useful input to adaptive protection and control application in a near-time way. The methods have been validated with the simulation of IEEE 39 bus system and PMU measurements in power grid in Shanghai, China.","PeriodicalId":193338,"journal":{"name":"2021 22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126604600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453658
P. Denzler, D. Ramsauer, W. Kastner
Accessing runtime information originated from Operational Technology (OT) communication protocols by Information Technology (IT) applications remains a challenging task. Middlewares and gateways could provide a possible solution to bridge this OT/IT gap. In this context, this paper examines the feasibility of interconnecting legacy OT protocols via different middlewares and gateways by presenting two simplified scenarios. Each scenario exemplifies a possible use-case by either mimicking bidirectional tunnelling or propagating (mirroring) of automation data. Both scenarios use OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA) and Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) and a respective gateway prototype. The paper concludes by outlining future research challenges by discussing the limitations of the selected scenarios related to configuration, deployment and scalability.
{"title":"Tunnelling and Mirroring Operational Technology Data with IP-based Middlewares","authors":"P. Denzler, D. Ramsauer, W. Kastner","doi":"10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453658","url":null,"abstract":"Accessing runtime information originated from Operational Technology (OT) communication protocols by Information Technology (IT) applications remains a challenging task. Middlewares and gateways could provide a possible solution to bridge this OT/IT gap. In this context, this paper examines the feasibility of interconnecting legacy OT protocols via different middlewares and gateways by presenting two simplified scenarios. Each scenario exemplifies a possible use-case by either mimicking bidirectional tunnelling or propagating (mirroring) of automation data. Both scenarios use OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA) and Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) and a respective gateway prototype. The paper concludes by outlining future research challenges by discussing the limitations of the selected scenarios related to configuration, deployment and scalability.","PeriodicalId":193338,"journal":{"name":"2021 22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126657369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453492
Anja Elser, A. Lechler
Automation of gravity die casting can be achieved by Numerical Controls (NC). However, NCs are not inherently capable to control every process, but rather have to be extended accordingly. In this paper, we show how a Numerical Control can be extended by a process model for the gravity die casting process. The extension enables either flow rates or machine axes positions to be passed to the NC. Then the NC interpolates those values and they are either fed directly to the machine axes or, when the casting process is running, processed further. We define some more functions for process safety. The implemented behavior is tested with dedicated tests and test software. First results confirm that the presented concept for model integration is valid.
{"title":"Implementation of a Model Based Numerical Control for the Gravity Die Casting Process","authors":"Anja Elser, A. Lechler","doi":"10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453492","url":null,"abstract":"Automation of gravity die casting can be achieved by Numerical Controls (NC). However, NCs are not inherently capable to control every process, but rather have to be extended accordingly. In this paper, we show how a Numerical Control can be extended by a process model for the gravity die casting process. The extension enables either flow rates or machine axes positions to be passed to the NC. Then the NC interpolates those values and they are either fed directly to the machine axes or, when the casting process is running, processed further. We define some more functions for process safety. The implemented behavior is tested with dedicated tests and test software. First results confirm that the presented concept for model integration is valid.","PeriodicalId":193338,"journal":{"name":"2021 22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131406738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453486
Rui Almeida, Luís Novais, N. Naia, R. Faria, J. Cabral
Highly reliable systems achieve a low failure probability during their operational lifetime with the help of redundancy. This technique ensures functionality by replicating components or modules, on both software and hardware. The addition of redundancy and further architectural decisions that arise from its usage results in increased system complexity. The resultant complexity hinders analytical approaches to evaluate competing architectural designs, as the time and effort spent with this type of evaluation may significantly delay development. A way to avoid time spent on this type of analysis is to submit the designed architecture to simulation, both for validation and evaluation. In this paper, we propose the usage of a simulation tool, specifically QEMU, to assist reliable system development and simulation. Based on this tool, extensions were developed, aiming for a simulation environment that covers the redundancy use case, allowing to validate the complex interactions under redundant architectures, and supports reliability estimations to compare architecturally redundant designs.
{"title":"Reliable Software Design Aided by QEMU Simulation","authors":"Rui Almeida, Luís Novais, N. Naia, R. Faria, J. Cabral","doi":"10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453486","url":null,"abstract":"Highly reliable systems achieve a low failure probability during their operational lifetime with the help of redundancy. This technique ensures functionality by replicating components or modules, on both software and hardware. The addition of redundancy and further architectural decisions that arise from its usage results in increased system complexity. The resultant complexity hinders analytical approaches to evaluate competing architectural designs, as the time and effort spent with this type of evaluation may significantly delay development. A way to avoid time spent on this type of analysis is to submit the designed architecture to simulation, both for validation and evaluation. In this paper, we propose the usage of a simulation tool, specifically QEMU, to assist reliable system development and simulation. Based on this tool, extensions were developed, aiming for a simulation environment that covers the redundancy use case, allowing to validate the complex interactions under redundant architectures, and supports reliability estimations to compare architecturally redundant designs.","PeriodicalId":193338,"journal":{"name":"2021 22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129023858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453618
Shota Hori, Yasuki Kanazawa, Hiroyasu Akatuka, Shen Wang, S. Doki, H. Tadano, K. Shiozaki
This paper aims to propose a control method of a high efficiency electric vehicles(EVs) drive motor and to verify its effectiveness. One of the ways to extend the driving distance is to improve the efficiency of the motor control system. However, existing motor control systems which use Si-IGBT inverters have limitations in terms of efficiency due to device restrictions. New inverters using wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors such as Gallium Nitride (GaN) are being investigated to improve the efficiency. The advantages of a GaN inverter are the lower conduction and switching losses than a Si-IGBT inverter and the higher switching frequency. If the switching frequency is increased, the motor harmonic loss as well as the whole loss in the motor control system can be reduced. However, most of the existing research have focused on small capacity modules, which are not sufficient to study the motor control system of EVs. Therefore, our research group has been working on improving the GaN inverter to realize a compact EV. We are investigating variable carrier frequency control as a control method to make WBG semiconductors more useful. In this paper, a variable carrier frequency control is applied to a motor control system using GaN and SiC inverters, and we discuss the usefulness of wide bandgap semiconductors for electric vehicles by measuring the loss in WLTC mode with the systems. The experimental results show that the application of variable carrier frequency control to the motor control system with SiC inverter reduces the loss in WLTC mode by up to about 6% compared to the conventional control method.
{"title":"Application of Variable Carrier Frequency Control by Using Wide Bandgap Semiconductors Inverter for WLTC Mode Driving","authors":"Shota Hori, Yasuki Kanazawa, Hiroyasu Akatuka, Shen Wang, S. Doki, H. Tadano, K. Shiozaki","doi":"10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453618","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to propose a control method of a high efficiency electric vehicles(EVs) drive motor and to verify its effectiveness. One of the ways to extend the driving distance is to improve the efficiency of the motor control system. However, existing motor control systems which use Si-IGBT inverters have limitations in terms of efficiency due to device restrictions. New inverters using wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors such as Gallium Nitride (GaN) are being investigated to improve the efficiency. The advantages of a GaN inverter are the lower conduction and switching losses than a Si-IGBT inverter and the higher switching frequency. If the switching frequency is increased, the motor harmonic loss as well as the whole loss in the motor control system can be reduced. However, most of the existing research have focused on small capacity modules, which are not sufficient to study the motor control system of EVs. Therefore, our research group has been working on improving the GaN inverter to realize a compact EV. We are investigating variable carrier frequency control as a control method to make WBG semiconductors more useful. In this paper, a variable carrier frequency control is applied to a motor control system using GaN and SiC inverters, and we discuss the usefulness of wide bandgap semiconductors for electric vehicles by measuring the loss in WLTC mode with the systems. The experimental results show that the application of variable carrier frequency control to the motor control system with SiC inverter reduces the loss in WLTC mode by up to about 6% compared to the conventional control method.","PeriodicalId":193338,"journal":{"name":"2021 22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115602344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453601
J. Pesente, M. S. Ríos
In the countries where most of the generation is hydroelectric, the long term operation planning is performed using techniques of decision making under uncertainties, due to the nature of water inflows. Also, in power systems with these characteristics which are in the process of deregulation, rules were designed in a way that generators could simultaneously profit and be protected from the risk of uncertainties. In the case of the Brazilian power market, the plan of operation defines the maximum energy a power plant can sell in a specific year but allows facilities to distribute it among the months of the year of the contract. Once the energy price is defined based on stochastic simulations, different strategies of generation distributions can be simulated and used to determine the expected profit, considering the energy available for the forthcoming year along with the short-run price of the power market. In this paper, a case study for maximizing the revenue of hydroelectric in Brazil is presented in which experiments using the Itaipu power plant were performed and discussed to illustrate the expected outcomes.
{"title":"A Case Study for maximizing Hydroelectric annual revenue on Brazilian Power Market","authors":"J. Pesente, M. S. Ríos","doi":"10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453601","url":null,"abstract":"In the countries where most of the generation is hydroelectric, the long term operation planning is performed using techniques of decision making under uncertainties, due to the nature of water inflows. Also, in power systems with these characteristics which are in the process of deregulation, rules were designed in a way that generators could simultaneously profit and be protected from the risk of uncertainties. In the case of the Brazilian power market, the plan of operation defines the maximum energy a power plant can sell in a specific year but allows facilities to distribute it among the months of the year of the contract. Once the energy price is defined based on stochastic simulations, different strategies of generation distributions can be simulated and used to determine the expected profit, considering the energy available for the forthcoming year along with the short-run price of the power market. In this paper, a case study for maximizing the revenue of hydroelectric in Brazil is presented in which experiments using the Itaipu power plant were performed and discussed to illustrate the expected outcomes.","PeriodicalId":193338,"journal":{"name":"2021 22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115760127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453515
Saeed Arazm, K. Al-haddad
Single module of ZPUC topology is presented in this paper which can be operated with single DC source. Although ZPUC has one more capacitor compared to its counterpart PUC converter, it requires single DC source instead of three isolated DC sources in three-phase system which is a great advantages to reduce the cost and bulkiness of the system. It also reduces the total components counts of the converters in comparison to the most popular types of multilevel converters. Active voltage balancing through Phase shift pulsed width modulation (PS-PWM) strategy has been used to balance the voltages of three flying capacitors. ZPUC topology based on the 5-L inverter is investigated in Matlab-Simulink to validate the performance of the single module of ZPUC topology.
{"title":"Z Packed U-cell (ZPUC) topology, configuration of single DC Source single-phase and three-phase Multilevel Converter","authors":"Saeed Arazm, K. Al-haddad","doi":"10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453515","url":null,"abstract":"Single module of ZPUC topology is presented in this paper which can be operated with single DC source. Although ZPUC has one more capacitor compared to its counterpart PUC converter, it requires single DC source instead of three isolated DC sources in three-phase system which is a great advantages to reduce the cost and bulkiness of the system. It also reduces the total components counts of the converters in comparison to the most popular types of multilevel converters. Active voltage balancing through Phase shift pulsed width modulation (PS-PWM) strategy has been used to balance the voltages of three flying capacitors. ZPUC topology based on the 5-L inverter is investigated in Matlab-Simulink to validate the performance of the single module of ZPUC topology.","PeriodicalId":193338,"journal":{"name":"2021 22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)","volume":"37 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114088903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453498
David Ginthör, Marie-Theres Suer, Maximilian Schüngel, René Guillaume, H. Schotten
Achieving high reliability while maintaining low-latency is one key challenge to make wireless technologies suitable for critical applications in the industrial domain. In 5G, multi-connectivity (MC) in combination with packet duplication (PD) has been identified as a viable solution to meet the stringent reliability requirements. However, this approach can quickly lead to an inefficient usage of scarce radio resources. We present a dynamic PD model tailored for deterministic control applications with known survival times. Based on the risk of exceeding the survival time, our model controls redundancy efficiently on demand. We validate our model via system-level simulation and analyze the effectiveness of MC under correlated slow fading channels. The results reveal that with our proposed dynamic scheme, we are able to achieve outages very close to standard PD while only utilizing approximately 50% the radio resources in comparison.
{"title":"Survival Time-aware Dynamic Multi-connectivity for Industrial Control Applications","authors":"David Ginthör, Marie-Theres Suer, Maximilian Schüngel, René Guillaume, H. Schotten","doi":"10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453498","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving high reliability while maintaining low-latency is one key challenge to make wireless technologies suitable for critical applications in the industrial domain. In 5G, multi-connectivity (MC) in combination with packet duplication (PD) has been identified as a viable solution to meet the stringent reliability requirements. However, this approach can quickly lead to an inefficient usage of scarce radio resources. We present a dynamic PD model tailored for deterministic control applications with known survival times. Based on the risk of exceeding the survival time, our model controls redundancy efficiently on demand. We validate our model via system-level simulation and analyze the effectiveness of MC under correlated slow fading channels. The results reveal that with our proposed dynamic scheme, we are able to achieve outages very close to standard PD while only utilizing approximately 50% the radio resources in comparison.","PeriodicalId":193338,"journal":{"name":"2021 22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125973403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453526
Jae-Yeop Jeong, Chang-Gun Lee
Due to the complex computation requirements of autonomous car functions, high-performance ECUs are inevitable for the future automotive system architecture. However, it has been reported that high-performance ECUs are usually more susceptible to the soft-error due to the technology scaling. One of the key methods to tolerate these soft errors (i.e. transient faults) is the lockstep mechanism based on the hardware redundancy. However, since this uses multiple redundant cores to execute a single program, it is very inefficient in terms of resource usage. To cope with this drawback, a new feature, ‘Lockstep/Performance mode switch' was introduced. It aims to guarantee safety for safety-critical tasks using the lockstep and maximize throughput for non-critical tasks using different cores for different tasks. This paper proposes a real-time scheduling method in order to efficiently use this new feature following the previous work. We first propose a condition of Periodic Resource Model(PRM) that avoids pessimism while we construct a PRM with the harmonic task set. Then, we partition the given input set into multiple PRMs where each PRM possesses a harmonic task set and has the optimal PRM period and budget. Consequently, The proposed method achieves optimal maximum schedulable utilization, which is more resource-efficient than the previous work.
{"title":"Multiple PRM-Based Lockstep/Performance Mode Switches for Critical/Non-Critical Real-Time Tasks","authors":"Jae-Yeop Jeong, Chang-Gun Lee","doi":"10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453526","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the complex computation requirements of autonomous car functions, high-performance ECUs are inevitable for the future automotive system architecture. However, it has been reported that high-performance ECUs are usually more susceptible to the soft-error due to the technology scaling. One of the key methods to tolerate these soft errors (i.e. transient faults) is the lockstep mechanism based on the hardware redundancy. However, since this uses multiple redundant cores to execute a single program, it is very inefficient in terms of resource usage. To cope with this drawback, a new feature, ‘Lockstep/Performance mode switch' was introduced. It aims to guarantee safety for safety-critical tasks using the lockstep and maximize throughput for non-critical tasks using different cores for different tasks. This paper proposes a real-time scheduling method in order to efficiently use this new feature following the previous work. We first propose a condition of Periodic Resource Model(PRM) that avoids pessimism while we construct a PRM with the harmonic task set. Then, we partition the given input set into multiple PRMs where each PRM possesses a harmonic task set and has the optimal PRM period and budget. Consequently, The proposed method achieves optimal maximum schedulable utilization, which is more resource-efficient than the previous work.","PeriodicalId":193338,"journal":{"name":"2021 22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115107837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：