Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453516
Anthony Abdayem, J. Sawma, F. Khatounian, E. Monmasson
Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) topologies have a bright future for high-power applications. In order to operate them, the first objective is to control the current at MMC terminals. Therefore, the arm currents must be controlled. The second objective is to control the capacitor voltages. Therefore, the internal circulating current must be controlled too. Additionally, the third objective is to reduce the switching losses. As of late, there has been an extensive effort towards addressing the technical constraints associated with the control and operation of MMC. The control of single phase MMC is however not widely developed. This paper proposes a complete scheme for controlling the MMC load current and capacitor voltages. The proposed control scheme presents a new modulation technique called the Integral Modulation technique. Finally, the effectiveness of the control scheme with its new modulation technique is tested on a single phase MMC using MATLAB/Simulink.
{"title":"Control of a Single Phase Modular Multilevel Converter based on a New Modulation Technique","authors":"Anthony Abdayem, J. Sawma, F. Khatounian, E. Monmasson","doi":"10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453516","url":null,"abstract":"Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) topologies have a bright future for high-power applications. In order to operate them, the first objective is to control the current at MMC terminals. Therefore, the arm currents must be controlled. The second objective is to control the capacitor voltages. Therefore, the internal circulating current must be controlled too. Additionally, the third objective is to reduce the switching losses. As of late, there has been an extensive effort towards addressing the technical constraints associated with the control and operation of MMC. The control of single phase MMC is however not widely developed. This paper proposes a complete scheme for controlling the MMC load current and capacitor voltages. The proposed control scheme presents a new modulation technique called the Integral Modulation technique. Finally, the effectiveness of the control scheme with its new modulation technique is tested on a single phase MMC using MATLAB/Simulink.","PeriodicalId":193338,"journal":{"name":"2021 22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128352783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453557
S. Ebrahimi, M. Choux, Van Khang Huynh
This paper presents a fault diagnosis method based on structural analysis of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), focusing on detecting and discriminating two of the most common faults in PMSMs, namely demagnetization and inter-turn short circuit faults. The structural analysis technique uses the dynamic mathematical model of the PMSM in matrix form to evaluate the system’s structural model. After obtaining the analytical redundancy using the over-determined part of the system, it is divided into redundant testable sub-models. Four structured residuals are designed to detect and isolate the investigated faults, which are applied to the system in different time intervals. Finally, the proposed diagnostic approach is numerically verified through a simulation of an inverter-fed PMSM and white Gaussian noise are added to the measured signals from the motor to verify its diagnosis performances.
{"title":"Detection and Discrimination of Inter-Turn Short Circuit and Demagnetization Faults in PMSMs Based on Structural Analysis","authors":"S. Ebrahimi, M. Choux, Van Khang Huynh","doi":"10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453557","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a fault diagnosis method based on structural analysis of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), focusing on detecting and discriminating two of the most common faults in PMSMs, namely demagnetization and inter-turn short circuit faults. The structural analysis technique uses the dynamic mathematical model of the PMSM in matrix form to evaluate the system’s structural model. After obtaining the analytical redundancy using the over-determined part of the system, it is divided into redundant testable sub-models. Four structured residuals are designed to detect and isolate the investigated faults, which are applied to the system in different time intervals. Finally, the proposed diagnostic approach is numerically verified through a simulation of an inverter-fed PMSM and white Gaussian noise are added to the measured signals from the motor to verify its diagnosis performances.","PeriodicalId":193338,"journal":{"name":"2021 22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128421447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453585
P. Boden, S. Rank, T. Schmidt
Wafer transport by Automated Material Handling Systems is essential in modern semiconductor front-end factories to efficiently supply the manufacturing tools. Most common are ceiling mounted Overhead Hoist Transport Systems that allow high throughput and fast delivery times. These systems are increasingly supplemented by various types of Automated Guided Vehicle Systems that enable high flexibility. This development requires new approaches for transport system dispatching.We denote such Automated Material Handling Systems that combine several types of transport systems as heterogeneous. Here, vehicles with different characteristics can execute either a complete or a part of a transport order. Until now, this task allocation process for the vehicles is executed based on predefined rules. A dynamic exchange between the transport systems based on the current system state is not yet considered.This paper presents a formalization of the related planning problem by a mathematical model for transport system scheduling. The approach is not suitable for real-time decision making. However, on the one hand, it may help to identify and evaluate the solution quality of heuristic approaches. On the other hand, it allows the evaluation of the effect of transfers.
{"title":"Control of heterogenous AMHS in semiconductor industry under consideration of dynamic transport carrier transfers","authors":"P. Boden, S. Rank, T. Schmidt","doi":"10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453585","url":null,"abstract":"Wafer transport by Automated Material Handling Systems is essential in modern semiconductor front-end factories to efficiently supply the manufacturing tools. Most common are ceiling mounted Overhead Hoist Transport Systems that allow high throughput and fast delivery times. These systems are increasingly supplemented by various types of Automated Guided Vehicle Systems that enable high flexibility. This development requires new approaches for transport system dispatching.We denote such Automated Material Handling Systems that combine several types of transport systems as heterogeneous. Here, vehicles with different characteristics can execute either a complete or a part of a transport order. Until now, this task allocation process for the vehicles is executed based on predefined rules. A dynamic exchange between the transport systems based on the current system state is not yet considered.This paper presents a formalization of the related planning problem by a mathematical model for transport system scheduling. The approach is not suitable for real-time decision making. However, on the one hand, it may help to identify and evaluate the solution quality of heuristic approaches. On the other hand, it allows the evaluation of the effect of transfers.","PeriodicalId":193338,"journal":{"name":"2021 22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134151471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453659
Armin Ebrahimian, Sinaee Vahid, N. Weise, A. El-Refaie
Due to various applications of variable frequency drives in industry, design procedure and control methods of these converters have attracted many researchers from both industry and academia. In this paper, a high power density AC-DC-AC converter design is presented alongside finite control set model predictive control method. Using model predictive control for the LC filter at the load side enables load voltage control which is an important issue in variable frequency drive applications. Also, input, output, and DC link filters’ design methods are presented and the results are compared to the designed filters in the literature. The comparison shows significant filter size decrease by using presented approach. Applying the proposed control method to the AC-DC-AC converter brings benefits such as simple implementation, robustness to the load changes, and fast dynamic response compared to conventional control methods. Finally, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design and control method, the designed variable frequency drive has been simulated and the results are presented.
{"title":"Two Level AC-DC-AC Converter Design with a New Approach to Implement Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control","authors":"Armin Ebrahimian, Sinaee Vahid, N. Weise, A. El-Refaie","doi":"10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453659","url":null,"abstract":"Due to various applications of variable frequency drives in industry, design procedure and control methods of these converters have attracted many researchers from both industry and academia. In this paper, a high power density AC-DC-AC converter design is presented alongside finite control set model predictive control method. Using model predictive control for the LC filter at the load side enables load voltage control which is an important issue in variable frequency drive applications. Also, input, output, and DC link filters’ design methods are presented and the results are compared to the designed filters in the literature. The comparison shows significant filter size decrease by using presented approach. Applying the proposed control method to the AC-DC-AC converter brings benefits such as simple implementation, robustness to the load changes, and fast dynamic response compared to conventional control methods. Finally, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design and control method, the designed variable frequency drive has been simulated and the results are presented.","PeriodicalId":193338,"journal":{"name":"2021 22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134177955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453486
Rui Almeida, Luís Novais, N. Naia, R. Faria, J. Cabral
Highly reliable systems achieve a low failure probability during their operational lifetime with the help of redundancy. This technique ensures functionality by replicating components or modules, on both software and hardware. The addition of redundancy and further architectural decisions that arise from its usage results in increased system complexity. The resultant complexity hinders analytical approaches to evaluate competing architectural designs, as the time and effort spent with this type of evaluation may significantly delay development. A way to avoid time spent on this type of analysis is to submit the designed architecture to simulation, both for validation and evaluation. In this paper, we propose the usage of a simulation tool, specifically QEMU, to assist reliable system development and simulation. Based on this tool, extensions were developed, aiming for a simulation environment that covers the redundancy use case, allowing to validate the complex interactions under redundant architectures, and supports reliability estimations to compare architecturally redundant designs.
{"title":"Reliable Software Design Aided by QEMU Simulation","authors":"Rui Almeida, Luís Novais, N. Naia, R. Faria, J. Cabral","doi":"10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453486","url":null,"abstract":"Highly reliable systems achieve a low failure probability during their operational lifetime with the help of redundancy. This technique ensures functionality by replicating components or modules, on both software and hardware. The addition of redundancy and further architectural decisions that arise from its usage results in increased system complexity. The resultant complexity hinders analytical approaches to evaluate competing architectural designs, as the time and effort spent with this type of evaluation may significantly delay development. A way to avoid time spent on this type of analysis is to submit the designed architecture to simulation, both for validation and evaluation. In this paper, we propose the usage of a simulation tool, specifically QEMU, to assist reliable system development and simulation. Based on this tool, extensions were developed, aiming for a simulation environment that covers the redundancy use case, allowing to validate the complex interactions under redundant architectures, and supports reliability estimations to compare architecturally redundant designs.","PeriodicalId":193338,"journal":{"name":"2021 22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129023858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453618
Shota Hori, Yasuki Kanazawa, Hiroyasu Akatuka, Shen Wang, S. Doki, H. Tadano, K. Shiozaki
This paper aims to propose a control method of a high efficiency electric vehicles(EVs) drive motor and to verify its effectiveness. One of the ways to extend the driving distance is to improve the efficiency of the motor control system. However, existing motor control systems which use Si-IGBT inverters have limitations in terms of efficiency due to device restrictions. New inverters using wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors such as Gallium Nitride (GaN) are being investigated to improve the efficiency. The advantages of a GaN inverter are the lower conduction and switching losses than a Si-IGBT inverter and the higher switching frequency. If the switching frequency is increased, the motor harmonic loss as well as the whole loss in the motor control system can be reduced. However, most of the existing research have focused on small capacity modules, which are not sufficient to study the motor control system of EVs. Therefore, our research group has been working on improving the GaN inverter to realize a compact EV. We are investigating variable carrier frequency control as a control method to make WBG semiconductors more useful. In this paper, a variable carrier frequency control is applied to a motor control system using GaN and SiC inverters, and we discuss the usefulness of wide bandgap semiconductors for electric vehicles by measuring the loss in WLTC mode with the systems. The experimental results show that the application of variable carrier frequency control to the motor control system with SiC inverter reduces the loss in WLTC mode by up to about 6% compared to the conventional control method.
{"title":"Application of Variable Carrier Frequency Control by Using Wide Bandgap Semiconductors Inverter for WLTC Mode Driving","authors":"Shota Hori, Yasuki Kanazawa, Hiroyasu Akatuka, Shen Wang, S. Doki, H. Tadano, K. Shiozaki","doi":"10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453618","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to propose a control method of a high efficiency electric vehicles(EVs) drive motor and to verify its effectiveness. One of the ways to extend the driving distance is to improve the efficiency of the motor control system. However, existing motor control systems which use Si-IGBT inverters have limitations in terms of efficiency due to device restrictions. New inverters using wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors such as Gallium Nitride (GaN) are being investigated to improve the efficiency. The advantages of a GaN inverter are the lower conduction and switching losses than a Si-IGBT inverter and the higher switching frequency. If the switching frequency is increased, the motor harmonic loss as well as the whole loss in the motor control system can be reduced. However, most of the existing research have focused on small capacity modules, which are not sufficient to study the motor control system of EVs. Therefore, our research group has been working on improving the GaN inverter to realize a compact EV. We are investigating variable carrier frequency control as a control method to make WBG semiconductors more useful. In this paper, a variable carrier frequency control is applied to a motor control system using GaN and SiC inverters, and we discuss the usefulness of wide bandgap semiconductors for electric vehicles by measuring the loss in WLTC mode with the systems. The experimental results show that the application of variable carrier frequency control to the motor control system with SiC inverter reduces the loss in WLTC mode by up to about 6% compared to the conventional control method.","PeriodicalId":193338,"journal":{"name":"2021 22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115602344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453601
J. Pesente, M. S. Ríos
In the countries where most of the generation is hydroelectric, the long term operation planning is performed using techniques of decision making under uncertainties, due to the nature of water inflows. Also, in power systems with these characteristics which are in the process of deregulation, rules were designed in a way that generators could simultaneously profit and be protected from the risk of uncertainties. In the case of the Brazilian power market, the plan of operation defines the maximum energy a power plant can sell in a specific year but allows facilities to distribute it among the months of the year of the contract. Once the energy price is defined based on stochastic simulations, different strategies of generation distributions can be simulated and used to determine the expected profit, considering the energy available for the forthcoming year along with the short-run price of the power market. In this paper, a case study for maximizing the revenue of hydroelectric in Brazil is presented in which experiments using the Itaipu power plant were performed and discussed to illustrate the expected outcomes.
{"title":"A Case Study for maximizing Hydroelectric annual revenue on Brazilian Power Market","authors":"J. Pesente, M. S. Ríos","doi":"10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453601","url":null,"abstract":"In the countries where most of the generation is hydroelectric, the long term operation planning is performed using techniques of decision making under uncertainties, due to the nature of water inflows. Also, in power systems with these characteristics which are in the process of deregulation, rules were designed in a way that generators could simultaneously profit and be protected from the risk of uncertainties. In the case of the Brazilian power market, the plan of operation defines the maximum energy a power plant can sell in a specific year but allows facilities to distribute it among the months of the year of the contract. Once the energy price is defined based on stochastic simulations, different strategies of generation distributions can be simulated and used to determine the expected profit, considering the energy available for the forthcoming year along with the short-run price of the power market. In this paper, a case study for maximizing the revenue of hydroelectric in Brazil is presented in which experiments using the Itaipu power plant were performed and discussed to illustrate the expected outcomes.","PeriodicalId":193338,"journal":{"name":"2021 22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115760127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453515
Saeed Arazm, K. Al-haddad
Single module of ZPUC topology is presented in this paper which can be operated with single DC source. Although ZPUC has one more capacitor compared to its counterpart PUC converter, it requires single DC source instead of three isolated DC sources in three-phase system which is a great advantages to reduce the cost and bulkiness of the system. It also reduces the total components counts of the converters in comparison to the most popular types of multilevel converters. Active voltage balancing through Phase shift pulsed width modulation (PS-PWM) strategy has been used to balance the voltages of three flying capacitors. ZPUC topology based on the 5-L inverter is investigated in Matlab-Simulink to validate the performance of the single module of ZPUC topology.
{"title":"Z Packed U-cell (ZPUC) topology, configuration of single DC Source single-phase and three-phase Multilevel Converter","authors":"Saeed Arazm, K. Al-haddad","doi":"10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453515","url":null,"abstract":"Single module of ZPUC topology is presented in this paper which can be operated with single DC source. Although ZPUC has one more capacitor compared to its counterpart PUC converter, it requires single DC source instead of three isolated DC sources in three-phase system which is a great advantages to reduce the cost and bulkiness of the system. It also reduces the total components counts of the converters in comparison to the most popular types of multilevel converters. Active voltage balancing through Phase shift pulsed width modulation (PS-PWM) strategy has been used to balance the voltages of three flying capacitors. ZPUC topology based on the 5-L inverter is investigated in Matlab-Simulink to validate the performance of the single module of ZPUC topology.","PeriodicalId":193338,"journal":{"name":"2021 22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)","volume":"37 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114088903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453498
David Ginthör, Marie-Theres Suer, Maximilian Schüngel, René Guillaume, H. Schotten
Achieving high reliability while maintaining low-latency is one key challenge to make wireless technologies suitable for critical applications in the industrial domain. In 5G, multi-connectivity (MC) in combination with packet duplication (PD) has been identified as a viable solution to meet the stringent reliability requirements. However, this approach can quickly lead to an inefficient usage of scarce radio resources. We present a dynamic PD model tailored for deterministic control applications with known survival times. Based on the risk of exceeding the survival time, our model controls redundancy efficiently on demand. We validate our model via system-level simulation and analyze the effectiveness of MC under correlated slow fading channels. The results reveal that with our proposed dynamic scheme, we are able to achieve outages very close to standard PD while only utilizing approximately 50% the radio resources in comparison.
{"title":"Survival Time-aware Dynamic Multi-connectivity for Industrial Control Applications","authors":"David Ginthör, Marie-Theres Suer, Maximilian Schüngel, René Guillaume, H. Schotten","doi":"10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453498","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving high reliability while maintaining low-latency is one key challenge to make wireless technologies suitable for critical applications in the industrial domain. In 5G, multi-connectivity (MC) in combination with packet duplication (PD) has been identified as a viable solution to meet the stringent reliability requirements. However, this approach can quickly lead to an inefficient usage of scarce radio resources. We present a dynamic PD model tailored for deterministic control applications with known survival times. Based on the risk of exceeding the survival time, our model controls redundancy efficiently on demand. We validate our model via system-level simulation and analyze the effectiveness of MC under correlated slow fading channels. The results reveal that with our proposed dynamic scheme, we are able to achieve outages very close to standard PD while only utilizing approximately 50% the radio resources in comparison.","PeriodicalId":193338,"journal":{"name":"2021 22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125973403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453526
Jae-Yeop Jeong, Chang-Gun Lee
Due to the complex computation requirements of autonomous car functions, high-performance ECUs are inevitable for the future automotive system architecture. However, it has been reported that high-performance ECUs are usually more susceptible to the soft-error due to the technology scaling. One of the key methods to tolerate these soft errors (i.e. transient faults) is the lockstep mechanism based on the hardware redundancy. However, since this uses multiple redundant cores to execute a single program, it is very inefficient in terms of resource usage. To cope with this drawback, a new feature, ‘Lockstep/Performance mode switch' was introduced. It aims to guarantee safety for safety-critical tasks using the lockstep and maximize throughput for non-critical tasks using different cores for different tasks. This paper proposes a real-time scheduling method in order to efficiently use this new feature following the previous work. We first propose a condition of Periodic Resource Model(PRM) that avoids pessimism while we construct a PRM with the harmonic task set. Then, we partition the given input set into multiple PRMs where each PRM possesses a harmonic task set and has the optimal PRM period and budget. Consequently, The proposed method achieves optimal maximum schedulable utilization, which is more resource-efficient than the previous work.
{"title":"Multiple PRM-Based Lockstep/Performance Mode Switches for Critical/Non-Critical Real-Time Tasks","authors":"Jae-Yeop Jeong, Chang-Gun Lee","doi":"10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453526","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the complex computation requirements of autonomous car functions, high-performance ECUs are inevitable for the future automotive system architecture. However, it has been reported that high-performance ECUs are usually more susceptible to the soft-error due to the technology scaling. One of the key methods to tolerate these soft errors (i.e. transient faults) is the lockstep mechanism based on the hardware redundancy. However, since this uses multiple redundant cores to execute a single program, it is very inefficient in terms of resource usage. To cope with this drawback, a new feature, ‘Lockstep/Performance mode switch' was introduced. It aims to guarantee safety for safety-critical tasks using the lockstep and maximize throughput for non-critical tasks using different cores for different tasks. This paper proposes a real-time scheduling method in order to efficiently use this new feature following the previous work. We first propose a condition of Periodic Resource Model(PRM) that avoids pessimism while we construct a PRM with the harmonic task set. Then, we partition the given input set into multiple PRMs where each PRM possesses a harmonic task set and has the optimal PRM period and budget. Consequently, The proposed method achieves optimal maximum schedulable utilization, which is more resource-efficient than the previous work.","PeriodicalId":193338,"journal":{"name":"2021 22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115107837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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