Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453483
Wael Alsabbagh, P. Langendörfer
Industrial control systems (ICSs) consist of programmable logic controllers (PLCs) which communicate with an engineering station on one side, and control a certain physical process on the other side. Siemens PLCs, particularly S7-300 controllers, are widely used in industrial systems, and modern critical infrastructures heavily rely on them. But unfortunately, security features are largely absent in such devices or ignored/disabled because security is often at odds with operations. As a consequence of the already reported vulnerabilities, it is possible to leverage PLCs and perhaps even the corporate IT network. In this paper we show that S7-300 PLCs are vulnerable and demonstrate that exploiting the execution process of the logic program running in a PLC is feasible. We discuss a replay attack that compromises the password protected PLCs, then we show how to retrieve the Bytecode from the target and decompile the Bytecode to STL source code. Afterwards we present how to conduct a typical injection attack showing that even a very tiny modification in the code is sufficient to harm the target system. Finally we combine the replay attack with the injection approach to achieve a stronger attack – the stealth program injection attack – which can hide the previous modification by engaging a fake PLC, impersonating the real infected device. For real scenarios, we implemented all our attacks on a real industrial setting using S7-300 PLC. We eventually suggest mitigation approaches to secure systems against such threats.
{"title":"A Stealth Program Injection Attack against S7-300 PLCs","authors":"Wael Alsabbagh, P. Langendörfer","doi":"10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453483","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial control systems (ICSs) consist of programmable logic controllers (PLCs) which communicate with an engineering station on one side, and control a certain physical process on the other side. Siemens PLCs, particularly S7-300 controllers, are widely used in industrial systems, and modern critical infrastructures heavily rely on them. But unfortunately, security features are largely absent in such devices or ignored/disabled because security is often at odds with operations. As a consequence of the already reported vulnerabilities, it is possible to leverage PLCs and perhaps even the corporate IT network. In this paper we show that S7-300 PLCs are vulnerable and demonstrate that exploiting the execution process of the logic program running in a PLC is feasible. We discuss a replay attack that compromises the password protected PLCs, then we show how to retrieve the Bytecode from the target and decompile the Bytecode to STL source code. Afterwards we present how to conduct a typical injection attack showing that even a very tiny modification in the code is sufficient to harm the target system. Finally we combine the replay attack with the injection approach to achieve a stronger attack – the stealth program injection attack – which can hide the previous modification by engaging a fake PLC, impersonating the real infected device. For real scenarios, we implemented all our attacks on a real industrial setting using S7-300 PLC. We eventually suggest mitigation approaches to secure systems against such threats.","PeriodicalId":193338,"journal":{"name":"2021 22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125871437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453696
J. Toro, Carlos de la Viesca, S. Cóbreces, F. Huerta
This paper introduces a novel method of designing voltage controllers to improve the stability problem in the Common-Connection Point of the DC catenary railway system, using the QFT control technique. The considered stability problem is due to the interaction between the resonance of the LC filter connected to the DC catenary with the traction and auxiliary converters (3-phase inverters) it feeds, which behave like CPLs. An stability improvement is achieved by shaping the closed-loop input impedance of a three-phase inverter using impedance-based stability criteria. The obtained simulation results, under unfavourable conditions, verify the theoretical development.
{"title":"Improved Stability of DC Catenary Fed Traction Drivers and Auxiliary Converters using QFT Robust Technique","authors":"J. Toro, Carlos de la Viesca, S. Cóbreces, F. Huerta","doi":"10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453696","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a novel method of designing voltage controllers to improve the stability problem in the Common-Connection Point of the DC catenary railway system, using the QFT control technique. The considered stability problem is due to the interaction between the resonance of the LC filter connected to the DC catenary with the traction and auxiliary converters (3-phase inverters) it feeds, which behave like CPLs. An stability improvement is achieved by shaping the closed-loop input impedance of a three-phase inverter using impedance-based stability criteria. The obtained simulation results, under unfavourable conditions, verify the theoretical development.","PeriodicalId":193338,"journal":{"name":"2021 22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124335580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453508
Y. Li, Ji Wu, Zengbin Wang, Hong Lv, Yuzhu Wang, Yunjia Li
The design, manufacturing, and characterization of a temperature monitoring system is presented in this work. The system is used to measure the temperature of critical locations on the Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) including bus bar, contact, and switches. A compensation algorithm is developed to eliminate the influence of glass window, SF6 gas and the surface profile of the bus bar. The system is also capable of provide warning information on the overheating issues at the early stage of different equipment failures. The proposed temperature monitoring system is capable of measuring temperature of the GIS key locations in the range of 30-100°C, and an accuracy of ±2°C. The temperature monitoring system and its integration to GIS are intended to be the initial stage of the development of new GIS product line and its standard with temperature monitoring and warning function.
{"title":"Design and Manufacturing of a Wireless Temperature Monitoring System for Gas Insulated Switchgear","authors":"Y. Li, Ji Wu, Zengbin Wang, Hong Lv, Yuzhu Wang, Yunjia Li","doi":"10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453508","url":null,"abstract":"The design, manufacturing, and characterization of a temperature monitoring system is presented in this work. The system is used to measure the temperature of critical locations on the Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) including bus bar, contact, and switches. A compensation algorithm is developed to eliminate the influence of glass window, SF6 gas and the surface profile of the bus bar. The system is also capable of provide warning information on the overheating issues at the early stage of different equipment failures. The proposed temperature monitoring system is capable of measuring temperature of the GIS key locations in the range of 30-100°C, and an accuracy of ±2°C. The temperature monitoring system and its integration to GIS are intended to be the initial stage of the development of new GIS product line and its standard with temperature monitoring and warning function.","PeriodicalId":193338,"journal":{"name":"2021 22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122051497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453672
J. Male, Uriel Martinez-Hernandez
Reliable human machine interfaces is key to accomplishing the goals of Industry 4.0. This work proposes the late fusion of a visual recognition and human action recognition (HAR) classifier. Vision is used to recognise the number of screws assembled into a mock part while HAR from body worn Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) classifies actions done to assemble the part. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) methods are used in both modes of classification before various late fusion methods are analysed for prediction of a final state estimate. The fusion methods investigated are mean, weighted average, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Bayesian, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM). The results show the LSTM fusion method to perform best, with accuracy of 93% compared to 81% for IMU and 77% for visual sensing. Development of sensor fusion methods such as these is key to reliable Human Machine Interaction (HMI).
{"title":"Recognition of human activity and the state of an assembly task using vision and inertial sensor fusion methods","authors":"J. Male, Uriel Martinez-Hernandez","doi":"10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453672","url":null,"abstract":"Reliable human machine interfaces is key to accomplishing the goals of Industry 4.0. This work proposes the late fusion of a visual recognition and human action recognition (HAR) classifier. Vision is used to recognise the number of screws assembled into a mock part while HAR from body worn Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) classifies actions done to assemble the part. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) methods are used in both modes of classification before various late fusion methods are analysed for prediction of a final state estimate. The fusion methods investigated are mean, weighted average, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Bayesian, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM). The results show the LSTM fusion method to perform best, with accuracy of 93% compared to 81% for IMU and 77% for visual sensing. Development of sensor fusion methods such as these is key to reliable Human Machine Interaction (HMI).","PeriodicalId":193338,"journal":{"name":"2021 22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121087414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453640
Mattia Guidolin, E. Menegatti, M. Reggiani, L. Tagliapietra
This paper presents an efficient open-source driver for interfacing Xsens inertial measurement systems (in particular the Xsens MTw Awinda wireless motion trackers) with the Robot Operating System (ROS). The driver supports the simultaneous connection of up to 20 trackers, limit fixed by the Xsens software, to a master PC, and directly streams sensors data (linear accelerations, angular velocities, magnetic fields, orientations) up to 120 Hz to the ROS network through one or multiple configurable topics. Moreover, a synchronization procedure is implemented to avoid possible partial frames where the readings from one (or multiple) trackers are missing. The proposed messages are based on ROS standard ones and comply with the ROS developer guidelines. This guarantees the compatibility of any ROS package requiring as input ROS standard messages with the proposed driver, thus effectively integrating Xsens inertial measurement systems with the ROS ecosystem. This work aims to push forward the development of a large variety of human-robot interaction applications where accurate real-time knowledge of human motion is crucial.
{"title":"A ROS Driver for Xsens Wireless Inertial Measurement Unit Systems","authors":"Mattia Guidolin, E. Menegatti, M. Reggiani, L. Tagliapietra","doi":"10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453640","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an efficient open-source driver for interfacing Xsens inertial measurement systems (in particular the Xsens MTw Awinda wireless motion trackers) with the Robot Operating System (ROS). The driver supports the simultaneous connection of up to 20 trackers, limit fixed by the Xsens software, to a master PC, and directly streams sensors data (linear accelerations, angular velocities, magnetic fields, orientations) up to 120 Hz to the ROS network through one or multiple configurable topics. Moreover, a synchronization procedure is implemented to avoid possible partial frames where the readings from one (or multiple) trackers are missing. The proposed messages are based on ROS standard ones and comply with the ROS developer guidelines. This guarantees the compatibility of any ROS package requiring as input ROS standard messages with the proposed driver, thus effectively integrating Xsens inertial measurement systems with the ROS ecosystem. This work aims to push forward the development of a large variety of human-robot interaction applications where accurate real-time knowledge of human motion is crucial.","PeriodicalId":193338,"journal":{"name":"2021 22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)","volume":"35 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116487367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453494
Jorge Sola Merino, M. D. Castro, A. Masi
In this paper, an application of an Active Disturbance Rejection Controller (ADRC) to a hybrid stepper motor is presented. ADRC has gained the attention of practitioners due to its simplicity and robustness against model uncertainty and external disturbances compared to standard PID control. The performance of the Linear ADRC (LADRC) is addressed in this paper for a stepper motor under Field Oriented Control (FOC). First a simulation of current, speed and position control loops is performed, and after, a position reference step experiment is done in a real test bench. The results are systematically compared to the case of a PI controller showing improvements for the same given specifications. Also, a load torque observer (LTO) is added as feedforward to the PI controller for the experimental tests. Results show a better load rejection, setpoint tracking and repeatibility for the ADRC controller in hybrid stepper motors.
{"title":"An Application of Active Disturbance Rejection Control to Stepper Motors with Field Oriented Control","authors":"Jorge Sola Merino, M. D. Castro, A. Masi","doi":"10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453494","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an application of an Active Disturbance Rejection Controller (ADRC) to a hybrid stepper motor is presented. ADRC has gained the attention of practitioners due to its simplicity and robustness against model uncertainty and external disturbances compared to standard PID control. The performance of the Linear ADRC (LADRC) is addressed in this paper for a stepper motor under Field Oriented Control (FOC). First a simulation of current, speed and position control loops is performed, and after, a position reference step experiment is done in a real test bench. The results are systematically compared to the case of a PI controller showing improvements for the same given specifications. Also, a load torque observer (LTO) is added as feedforward to the PI controller for the experimental tests. Results show a better load rejection, setpoint tracking and repeatibility for the ADRC controller in hybrid stepper motors.","PeriodicalId":193338,"journal":{"name":"2021 22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)","volume":"1867 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129918179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453467
L. Dunai, J. Martins, K. Umetani, Óscar Lucía, Yousef Ibrahim, G. Appuhamillage
The educational methodologies employed in Industrial Electronics have been affected by Covid-19. In many cases, conventional learning methods relying on face-to-face lectures have been replaced by online methodologies. The whole process has required a fast adaptation and development of the e-learning tools to ensure a quality of theoretical, practical and laboratory lectures, as well as the development of new methods for the reliable assessment of the learning process. From this perspective, the present paper deals with the different strategies that have been implemented in institutions of several countries located in different geographical areas, including Portugal, Spain, Japan and Australia. It is shown that the use of methodologies, such as flip teaching, has provided a wide variety of possibilities to adapt to the new educational context. Moreover, for Industrial Electronics degrees, the use of virtual or remote laboratories, portable learning tools and advanced information and communication technologies have also risen as valuable resources. The paper also reports the problems arising during the development of the e-learning tools, their implementation constraints, and the evaluation of their results.
{"title":"E-Learning in Industrial Electronics during Covid-19","authors":"L. Dunai, J. Martins, K. Umetani, Óscar Lucía, Yousef Ibrahim, G. Appuhamillage","doi":"10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453467","url":null,"abstract":"The educational methodologies employed in Industrial Electronics have been affected by Covid-19. In many cases, conventional learning methods relying on face-to-face lectures have been replaced by online methodologies. The whole process has required a fast adaptation and development of the e-learning tools to ensure a quality of theoretical, practical and laboratory lectures, as well as the development of new methods for the reliable assessment of the learning process. From this perspective, the present paper deals with the different strategies that have been implemented in institutions of several countries located in different geographical areas, including Portugal, Spain, Japan and Australia. It is shown that the use of methodologies, such as flip teaching, has provided a wide variety of possibilities to adapt to the new educational context. Moreover, for Industrial Electronics degrees, the use of virtual or remote laboratories, portable learning tools and advanced information and communication technologies have also risen as valuable resources. The paper also reports the problems arising during the development of the e-learning tools, their implementation constraints, and the evaluation of their results.","PeriodicalId":193338,"journal":{"name":"2021 22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130288495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453556
Sanghun Choi, A. Meliopoulos
Maximizing DC-AC power conversion quality and efficiency while minimizing hardware and control complexity is a major technical challenge for multilevel converters in low nominal DC voltage applications. Among the conventional multilevel converters, the flying-capacitor-clamped multilevel converter (FCCMC) has the least hardware and control complexity; and redundant switching combinations for each reference multilevel voltage due to its flying capacitors clamped to serially-connected switches. The space vector modulation (SVM) method synthesizes a reference voltage vector by utilizing the three adjacent voltage vectors, and each voltage vector has a three-phase multilevel-voltage combination redundancy. Furthermore, these switching combination and three-phase multilevel-voltage combination redundancies can lead to various clamped flying-capacitor voltage and converter-leg voltage control strategies. This paper proposes a new FCCMC concept utilizing the advantages of FCCMC and SVM to address the above primary technical challenge. The proposed SVM-exploited binary capacitor voltage control (BCVC) regulates the clamped flying-capacitor voltages at the power-of-two reference values and the converter-leg voltages at the multilevel reference values through a Lyapunov stability-based cost-function optimization approach exploiting the binary numeral system. In low nominal DC voltage applications, the proposed FCCMC significantly improves the DC-AC power conversion quality and efficiency by synthesizing a sinusoidal AC voltage with a large number of voltage levels while extensively reducing the hardware and control complexity. Simulation results demonstrate the steady-state and dynamic performance of the proposed FCCMC under various operating conditions.
{"title":"Space Vector Modulation (SVM)-exploited Binary Capacitor Voltage Control (BCVC)-based Flying-Capacitor-Clamped Multilevel Converter (FCCMC) for Low Nominal DC Voltage Applications","authors":"Sanghun Choi, A. Meliopoulos","doi":"10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453556","url":null,"abstract":"Maximizing DC-AC power conversion quality and efficiency while minimizing hardware and control complexity is a major technical challenge for multilevel converters in low nominal DC voltage applications. Among the conventional multilevel converters, the flying-capacitor-clamped multilevel converter (FCCMC) has the least hardware and control complexity; and redundant switching combinations for each reference multilevel voltage due to its flying capacitors clamped to serially-connected switches. The space vector modulation (SVM) method synthesizes a reference voltage vector by utilizing the three adjacent voltage vectors, and each voltage vector has a three-phase multilevel-voltage combination redundancy. Furthermore, these switching combination and three-phase multilevel-voltage combination redundancies can lead to various clamped flying-capacitor voltage and converter-leg voltage control strategies. This paper proposes a new FCCMC concept utilizing the advantages of FCCMC and SVM to address the above primary technical challenge. The proposed SVM-exploited binary capacitor voltage control (BCVC) regulates the clamped flying-capacitor voltages at the power-of-two reference values and the converter-leg voltages at the multilevel reference values through a Lyapunov stability-based cost-function optimization approach exploiting the binary numeral system. In low nominal DC voltage applications, the proposed FCCMC significantly improves the DC-AC power conversion quality and efficiency by synthesizing a sinusoidal AC voltage with a large number of voltage levels while extensively reducing the hardware and control complexity. Simulation results demonstrate the steady-state and dynamic performance of the proposed FCCMC under various operating conditions.","PeriodicalId":193338,"journal":{"name":"2021 22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134621055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453469
Zeenat Hameed, S. Hashemi, C. Træholt
Rising environmental concerns are integrating more renewables in power systems. This increase introduces uncertainty in generation and makes it challenging to maintain a balance between demand and supply. To avoid balancing problems and consequent stability issues, better forecast models are needed as traditional techniques are not fully equipped to deal with these new challenges. Thus, artificial intelligence (AI) based forecast techniques are gaining potential recognition in the realm of electricity markets. This paper aims at investigating the state-of-art of AI applications for price forecasts in electricity balancing markets (EBMs). The focus of previous studies extended in this direction has been towards the day- ahead markets, whereas studies targeting EBMs are rather scarce. This paper shows how AI-based forecasts support EBMs modeling, resulting in more secure grid integration of distributed technologies. The benefits driven from such forecasts by market participants like brokers and customers are also investigated.
{"title":"Applications of AI-Based Forecasts in Renewable Based Electricity Balancing Markets","authors":"Zeenat Hameed, S. Hashemi, C. Træholt","doi":"10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453469","url":null,"abstract":"Rising environmental concerns are integrating more renewables in power systems. This increase introduces uncertainty in generation and makes it challenging to maintain a balance between demand and supply. To avoid balancing problems and consequent stability issues, better forecast models are needed as traditional techniques are not fully equipped to deal with these new challenges. Thus, artificial intelligence (AI) based forecast techniques are gaining potential recognition in the realm of electricity markets. This paper aims at investigating the state-of-art of AI applications for price forecasts in electricity balancing markets (EBMs). The focus of previous studies extended in this direction has been towards the day- ahead markets, whereas studies targeting EBMs are rather scarce. This paper shows how AI-based forecasts support EBMs modeling, resulting in more secure grid integration of distributed technologies. The benefits driven from such forecasts by market participants like brokers and customers are also investigated.","PeriodicalId":193338,"journal":{"name":"2021 22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134319632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453472
Wenxin Wang, Jun Ma, Zilong Cheng, Xiaocong Li, A. Mamun, Tong-heng Lee
Mechatronic systems are commonly used in the industry, where fast and accurate motion performance is always required to guarantee the manufacturing precision and efficiency. Nevertheless, the system model and parameters are difficult to be obtained accurately. Moreover, the high-order modes, strong coupling in multi-axis system, or unmodeled frictions will bring uncertain dynamics to the system. To overcome the above-mentioned issues and enhance the motion performance, this paper introduces a novel intelligent and totally model-free control method for mechatronic systems with unknown dynamics. In detail, a 2-degree-of-freedom (DOF) architecture is designed, which organically merges a generalized super-twisting algorithm with a unique iterative learning law. The controller solely utilizes the input-output data collected in iterations such that the it works without any knowledge of the system parameters. The rigorous proof of convergence ability is given and a case study on flexture-joint dual-drive H-gantry stage is shown to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
{"title":"Generalized Iterative Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Control: A Case Study on Flexure-Joint Dual-Drive H-Gantry Stage","authors":"Wenxin Wang, Jun Ma, Zilong Cheng, Xiaocong Li, A. Mamun, Tong-heng Lee","doi":"10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453472","url":null,"abstract":"Mechatronic systems are commonly used in the industry, where fast and accurate motion performance is always required to guarantee the manufacturing precision and efficiency. Nevertheless, the system model and parameters are difficult to be obtained accurately. Moreover, the high-order modes, strong coupling in multi-axis system, or unmodeled frictions will bring uncertain dynamics to the system. To overcome the above-mentioned issues and enhance the motion performance, this paper introduces a novel intelligent and totally model-free control method for mechatronic systems with unknown dynamics. In detail, a 2-degree-of-freedom (DOF) architecture is designed, which organically merges a generalized super-twisting algorithm with a unique iterative learning law. The controller solely utilizes the input-output data collected in iterations such that the it works without any knowledge of the system parameters. The rigorous proof of convergence ability is given and a case study on flexture-joint dual-drive H-gantry stage is shown to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":193338,"journal":{"name":"2021 22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133427748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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