Nutricion hospitalaria最新文献

Introduction: Background: food consumption can be affected during energy crises. Objective: to characterize the food consumption of the Ecuadorian population during the period of electric rationing. Methods: observational and retrospective study. The population consisted of Ecuadorian adults aged 18 and older who resided in cantons of the country during the 2024 electric rationing period. Food consumption was assessed through an online survey validated by experts, with 23 questions about the frequency of food consumption and changes in purchasing and consumption habits by food groups. Results: a total of 550 subjects participated, mainly from urban areas (86.5 %). Of these, 66.2 % were male, and 78.5 % of respondents were aged between 18 and 39 years. 53.6 % reported a reduction in grocery purchases, while 27.8 % increased their purchase of prepared meals. Regarding food groups, 30.9 % consumed vegetables once a day, 24.7 % consumed fruits 2 to 4 times a week, and 33.8 % consumed legumes 2 to 4 times a week. For cereals and tubers, 29.6 % consumed them once a day; 30 % reported consuming fats once a day, and 20.4 % consumed ultra-processed foods once a week; 46.5 % increased food waste, and 76 % changed their consumption of refrigerated products. Conclusions: electric rationing impacted the food consumption of Ecuadorians, especially in dairy, vegetables, and food waste.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Its treatment is based on chemotherapy, although its efficacy can be limited by tumor resistance and side effects. In this context, curcumin has been proposed as an adjuvant agent due to its anti-inflammatory, pro-apoptotic and cell cycle modulating properties. This systematic review, based on the PRISMA methodology, analyzed studies on the effects of curcumin in colorectal cancer. Curcumin was found to promote apoptosis through the generation of reactive oxygen species and the activation of P53. It also induces the overexpression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), which regulates the cell cycle and limits tumor proliferation. It has also been observed to reduce resistance to chemotherapeutic agents such as 5-fluorouracil and to suppress the NF-kB pathway, which is key to inflammation and tumor progression. The results suggest that the use of curcumin nanoformulations improves its bioavailability, enhances its therapeutic effects and favors sensitization to chemotherapy, thereby reducing its adverse effects. It is concluded that curcumin represents a promising option in the treatment of colorectal cancer; however, clinical trials are needed to validate its safety and efficacy in clinical practice.

Introduction: Introduction: obesity during university studies is becoming a growing problem. In order to recognize health risks in the young population as early as possible, it is important to define objective criteria for obesity. Body mass index (BMI) and percentage of body fat (PBF) are the most common parameters for assessing obesity. Objective: the aim of this research is to determine the criteria of BMI for young university students as a young adult population based on PBF criteria. Methods: this study included 1272 university students, divided by gender (675 females and 597 males). PBF was measured using multichannel bioelectrical impedance analysis InBody 720. Results: percentile distribution was used to establish obesity criteria for PBF based in four categories: athlete, fit, normally nourished and overweight. The results for female showed that the BMI cut-off value for the athlete criterion is 21.97 kg/m2, for the fit criterion is 22.01 kg/m2, for the normally nourished 23.18 kg/m2 and for the overweight 27.29 kg/m2. The results for male showed that for the athlete criterion the cut-off value for BMI was 23.70 kg/m2, for the fit criterion 25.66 kg/m2, for the normally nourished 26.63 kg/m2 and for the overweight 29.60 kg/m2. Conclusion: the existing standard BMI criteria for young adults are not specifically accurate regarding obesity. We propose to redefine BMI nutritional status criteria based on PBF for young adult subjects.

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Introduction: Introduction: heart-rate variability (HRV), respiratory-rate variability (RRV) and the pulse-respiration quotient (PRQ) reflect autonomic modulation, yet their relationship with university dietary habits remains understudied. Objective: to examine the association between dietary patterns and autonomic activity among university students. Methods: ninety-one young adults were classified, via factor analysis, into a healthy (PDS) or an unhealthy (PDNS) dietary pattern. From 5-min beat-to-beat (RR) and breath-to-breath (BB) recordings we extracted: high-frequency log power (HFlog), parasympathetic (PNS) and sympathetic (SNS) indices, stress index, mean RR interval (Mean RR), fractal exponents α₁ and α₂, Poincaré dispersion (SD₂), and the low- to high-frequency power ratio (LF/HF). For RRV we obtained mean breathing rate (BRmean) and BB deviation (SDBB); for PRQ we calculated mean PRQ (mPRQ). Student's t-, Mann-Whitney U-tests and Spearman correlations were applied (p ≤ 0.05). Results: fifty-three percent of participants followed the PDNS. In men, the PDS showed higher HFlog and α₁ ≈ 1. Within the PDS, lean animal products were linked to ↓SNS, ↓stress, ↓α₂ and ↑Mean RR; non-fat cereals to ↑PNS and ↓LF/HF in men; fruits-vegetables to ↓BRmean and ↑SDBB; legumes and canned fish to ↓mPRQ. In the PDNS, sugary drinks decreased PNS, HFlog and SD₂ but increased SNS in women, and raised stress and α₂ in men; fat-rich cereals elevated α₂. Conclusion: the PDS enhances vagal tone, fractal stability and cardiorespiratory synchrony, whereas the PDNS heightens sympathetic activity and lowers variability, particularly in women. These findings support early nutritional interventions that foster the PDS.

Introduction: Introduction: sarcopenia, characterized by the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, has been observed in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD), yet the precise causal connection between these two conditions remains unclear. Objectives: employing a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, this study endeavors to explore the potential causal links between sarcopenia-related traits and the risk of PD. Methods: genome-wide association study (GWAS) data on PD and sarcopenia traits (low handgrip strength in older adults, appendicular lean mass, and usual walking pace) were extracted. MR analyses were performed with an inverse-variance-weighted approach; an MR-Egger regression, a weighted-mode approach, a weighted-median method, and sensitivity analysis were implemented to evaluate the robustness of results Results: MR results suggested that that genetically predicted low handgrip strength was correlated with a reduced risk of PD (IVW OR = 0.66; 95 % CI, 0.47-0.92, p = 0.01; MR-Egger OR = 0.29; 95 % CI, 0.12-0.74, p = 0.03; weighted median OR = 0.59; 95 % CI, 0.39-0.91, p = 0.02; weighted mode OR = 0.56; 95 % CI, 0.29-1.1, p = 0.12). However, there were no significant causal associations observed for appendicular lean mass or usual walking pace with PD. Sensitivity analyses suggested that the findings were not influenced by horizontal pleiotropy. Conclusions: the findings from this MR study suggest that a diminished risk of PD is genetically causally associated with low muscle strength, whereas no such association was observed for muscle mass or walking pace genetically. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying the relationship between muscle strength and PD pathogenesis.

Introduction: Introduction: patients with neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes are at high risk of malnutrition. Enteral tube feeding improves prognosis by ensuring a continuous supply of essential nutrients, optimizing glycemic control, wound healing, and immune function. Objectives: to evaluate the effectiveness of an enteral nutrition formula in diabetic patients with chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Methods: this 12-month, multicenter, prospective observational study included 67 patients aged over 18 years, with chronic neurodegenerative disease and diabetes. Nutritional status (using the MNA-SF test, anthropometric variables, and biochemical parameters), pressure ulcers, tolerance, and adherence to the nutrition regimen were assessed. Results: significant improvements were observed in patient weight and body mass index (p < 0.0001). Nutritional status also improved significantly (MNA-SF score: from 4.16 ± 2.42 to 9.28 ± 2.66 at the end of the study; p < 0.0001). At 12 months, glucose decreased from 142.27 ± 29.01 mg/dl to 122.45 ± 20.94 mg/dl (p < 0.0001), and HbA1c levels dropped by 9.3 % (p < 0.0001). Urea levels decreased from 46.24 ± 16.67 mg/dl to 35.11 ± 19.75 mg/dl (p = 0.0078). The prevalence and size of pressure ulcers decreased (p < 0.01). Gastrointestinal tolerance was high, with a 98.5 % adherence rate to the prescribed enteral nutrition regimen. Conclusions: the enteral nutrition formula improved glycemic control, nutritional status, renal function, and pressure ulcers outcomes, showing high tolerance and adherence. The results suggest clinical benefits in managing diabetes in patients with neurodegenerative diseases, although additional studies are needed.

Introduction: Introduction: chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major risk factor for end-stage renal disease, and owing to its increasing global prevalence, poses a serious public health challenge. Patients with CKD frequently experience protein-energy wasting, frailty, sarcopenia, and cachexia, necessitating complex dietary restrictions, including protein, salt, and potassium limitation. Although a nutrition support team (NST) can improve nutritional status in hospitalised patients, additional interventions such as swallowing evaluation, oral care, and medication adjustments are crucial for effective outcomes. CKD is also strongly correlated with periodontal disease and diabetes: tooth loss and oral frailty exacerbate low nutritional intake, especially in older individuals. Objectives: to examine whether NST intervention combined with dental care would enhance nutritional and oral parameters in hospitalised patients referred for dental treatment. Methods: twenty-seven patients were assigned to either an NST-intervention (n = 10) or non-NST (n = 17) groups. We assessed serum albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), body mass index (BMI), Subjective Global Assessment scores, remaining teeth, periodontal pocket depth, and bleeding on probing. Results: over a 1-month period, both groups showed significant decline in body weight and BMI, whereas albumin, CRP, and periodontal indices did not substantially change. The NST group demonstrated a higher proportion (50 %) of improved carbohydrate intake than the non-NST group (11 %), but this difference was not statistically significant. Reduced appetite was correlated with meal reduction, decreased body weight and meal reduction, and swallowing difficulties. Conclusions: short-term periodontal or NST interventions are insufficient for achieving significant improvements in CKD-associated malnutrition or periodontal status; therefore, more specialised interventions are needed.

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