Nutricion hospitalaria最新文献

Objective: to associate low dairy consumption with determinants of health and the Human Development Index (HDIs) in Latin American university students.

Methods: a cross-sectional, multicenter, observational study in university students from eleven Latin American countries.

Results: the study included 4880 subjects. In all, 66 % of the sample consumed at least one serving of dairy products per day. A higher percentage of dairy consumers was observed among participants who are in the highest quartile of quality of life as compared to those in the lowest quartile (p < 0.001). Dairy consumption was positively associated with the consumption of breakfast (OR, 1.58; 95 % CI, 1.36-1.85), healthy dinner (OR, 1.16; 95 % CI, 1.01-1.32), fruits (OR, 1.77; 95 % CI, 1.53-2.05), vegetables (OR, 1.19; 95 % CI, 1.02-1.39), fish (OR: 1.37; 95 % CI, 1.36-1.85), whole-grain foods (OR, 1.72; 95 % CI, 1.49-1.98), and the practice of physical activity (OR, 1.16; 95 % CI, 1.01-1.34), and was negatively associated with the consumption of fried food (non-consumption) (OR, 0.72; 95 % CI, 0.58-0.90), junk food (OR, 0.78; 95 % CI, 0.63-0.96), sweet snacks (OR, 0.69; 95 % CI, 0.57-0.82), and alcohol (OR, 0.83; 95 % CI, 0.72-0.95). Furthermore, to reside in a country whose HDI is medium-high was found to be associated as a risk factor for non-compliance with the recommended intake of at least 3 servings of dairy per day, as compared to individuals from countries with very high HDIs (OR, 2.05; 95 % CI, 1.79-2.36). In addition, the results show that being female is a protective factor and is associated with the compliance of the consumption recommendation for dairy products (OR, 0.83; 95 % CI, 0.71-0.98).

Conclusion: dairy consumption is related to better diet quality and higher levels of physical activity. Complying with the recommendation to consume 3 servings of dairy per day is associated with better quality of diet, stressing the importance of promoting dairy consumption.

Introduction: bone mineral density (BMD) is strongly associated with the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. Furthermore, dietary tea consumption also has a great impact on the variation in BMD. The pathway mechanisms from tea consumption to BMD are not well known. Therefore, we applied a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach in an attempt to explore the causality between tea consumption and BMD. And then examine whether the effects of tea intake on BMD are specific across different age groups.

Methods: we investigated the relationship between tea consumption and BMD using a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis, utilizing 31 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to tea intake from pooled data from a gene-wide association study (GWAS) of 447,485 British Biobank of European Origin participants, with BMD derived from a meta-analysis of total body BMD and age-specific effects in the Lifelong Genetic Cohort Study (n = 66,628). Causal analysis between tea intake and BMD was performed using MR-Egger, inverse variance weighting (IVW), weighted median, and weighted mode.

Results: in IVW, tea consumption has a positive causal effect on total body BMD. However, in different age groups, BMD has a positive effect only within the 45-60-year group. There is no genetic pleiotropy effect of tea intake can have an effect on systemic BMD or among the five different age groups. The Cochran Q statistic and MR-Egger regression were applied to calculate heterogeneity in the IVW method, and no significant heterogeneity was indicated.

Conclusions: the results of the MR analysis showed a positive causal effect of tea intake on total body BMD, whereas among the different age groups, tea intake positively affected BMD only in the 45-60 age group, which implies that tea is beneficial in maintaining or increasing BMD in this age group and may reduce osteoporosis and fracture risk.

Computed tomography (CT) is a direct and reference technique for body composition analysis with interesting possibilities in clinical nutrition. Segmentation is the automatic or semi-automatic software-based process by which different metabolic tissues of interest (muscle tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue and intermuscular adipose tissue) that are part of the current diagnoses of malnutrition, sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity are delimited, separated and quantified. The Alberta protocol is the most common segmentation guide, being applicable in most software. In this paper, we review the main characteristics of the most common open-source segmentation software, their degree of agreement, and some precautions and limitations of this process.

Background: this study examined fermented food consumption habits and the relationship between other factors and Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Methods: the study included 90 children and their mothers, 45 of whom had HT and 45 of whom did not. Participants answered a survey questioning about their fermented food consumption habits and the status of various environmental factors.

Results: mothers who consumed homemade pickles during pregnancy (OR: 0.341, [95 % CI: 0.117 to 0.990]) homemade yogurt (OR: 0.091, [95 % CI: 0.011 to 0.752]), tarhana (OR: 0.325 [95 % CI: 0.136 to 0.778)]) and olive oil (OR: 0.163 [95 % CI: 0.033 to 0.792]) were found to have a statistically significant lower risk of developing Hashimoto's disease in their children. The risk of HT in children who consumed homemade yogurt (OR: 0.091 [95 % CI: 0.011 to 0.752]), cheese (OR: 0.242 [95 % CI: 0.100 to 0.590]), and olive oil (OR: 0.042 [95 % CI: 0.002 to 0.750]) was found to be significantly lower than in children who did not consume it.

Conclusions: fermented food consumption habits can be protective against autoimmune diseases such as HT by affecting the immune system through the intestinal microbiota.

Introduction: children with ASD have a higher percentage of obesity compared to neurotypical children of the same age. Diet problems can lead to excesses or deficiencies in the consumption of macro and micronutrients.

Objectives: to rigorously and serially evaluate the anthropometric and dietary data of ASD patients of preschool and school age over a period of 6 months.

Methods: a longitudinal study that included 34 children diagnosed with ASD of both sexes, from 4 to 11 years of age, recruited at convenience in the Mental Health Service of the National Institute of Pediatrics in Mexico City. The variables considered were: age, body mass index with Z-score and intake of macro and micronutrients.

Results: at the end of the follow-up, 25 of 34 patients concluded the study and their nutritional status showed changes that did not have statistical significance, where 4 % were underweight, 56 % were normal weight, 12 % were overweight and 28 % were obese. Macronutrients, such as energy and fiber, and micronutrients, such as zinc, vitamin D, omega-3 and omega-6, and tryptophan, showed imbalances in consumption by patients without statistical significant changes in time.

Conclusions: there is an imbalance in the consumption of macro and micronutrients in children with ASD and the prevalence of obesity is higher compared to other studies.

Introduction: diabesity (coexistence of diabetes and obesity) and metabolic associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are two very frequent pathologies whose prevalence is increasing every day.

Objective: to find out how these two pathological entities are associated in a group of Spanish workers.

Methodology: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in 219477 workers to assess the association between diabesity (applying a double criterion, the body mass index BMI and the Clínica Universitaria de Navarra body adiposity estimator CUN BAE) and different risk scales for MASLD and liver fibrosis.

Results: all MASH and liver fibrosis risk scales show higher values in people with diabesity applying the two criteria compared to people without diabesity.

Conclusion: diabesity and MASLD and liver fibrosis risk scales show a significant association in our study.

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Introduction: liver fibrosis (FH) is one of the main risks and mortality factors for many patients. Metabolic syndrome, MASLD, alcoholism or hepatotropic viruses are the main causes of the development of FH. Due to the wide range of patients affected, FH screening is the order of the day. Furthermore, it is of enormous nutritional interest given that the only effective treatment today is diet and physical exercise. Metabolic syndrome and MASLD are closely linked. The prevalence of these is increasing and consequently, so is FH. Therefore, finding less invasive diagnostic strategies than liver biopsy (gold standard) is a priority.

Objective: this study analyzes the relationship between age, sex, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity and dyslipidemia with the development of FH.

Material and methods: the diagnostic capacity of the main non-invasive markers available today is analyzed, as well as their confounding factors. Finally, a score with FIB4, NFS and APRI is proposed to improve their individual diagnostic capacity.

Results: the prevalence of FH in the study is 44 %. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are significant in the development of FH. For their part, FIB4, NFS and APRI show acceptable specificity, although in all of them platelets are an important confounding factor.

Conclusions: the score of the three markers improves specificity (89.28 %), leaving fewer indeterminates than any of the indices. Therefore, it improves the diagnostic capacity compared to individual use.