Nutricion hospitalaria最新文献

Introduction:

Introduction: Introduction: pediatric population adhering to a nutritionally balanced diet are less likely to suffer from severe dental caries than those consuming a diet high in sugars. Objectives: the aim of this study was to establish the relationship between dental caries and eating behavior patterns using the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) in a sample of children aged 3 to 9 years attending the Dental Clinic of the Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir. Material and methods: the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) was utilized to investigate their eating behavior patterns. This questionnaire encompasses two dimensions: Pro-feeding, which encourages food intake, and Anti-feeding. Prior to their involvement in the study, parents or guardians provided informed consent by signing a consent form. Results: a total of 382 children underwent examination, and their caries presence was assessed through the International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS). The p-values of the contrast statistics for the Anti-feeding and Pro-feeding dimensions were both less than 0.05. That is, there are significant differences between Pro-feeding and Anti-feeding values depending on the tooth status. Conclusions: we can conclude that eating behavior patterns in children may be a risk factor associated with childhood caries.

Background: nightmares are a common sleep disorder characterized by distressing dreams, leading to sleep disruption and psychological distress. Emerging evidence suggests a potential link between lipid metabolism and nightmare occurrence, but the causal relationship is poorly understood.

Objective: to investigate the causal relationship between blood lipid metabolism characteristics and the risk of nightmares using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Methods: a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted using data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The analysis focused on specific lipid metabolism traits, including triglyceride levels in HDL and LDL, the triglycerides to total lipids ratio in medium HDL, and the free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in medium LDL. The inverse variance weighting (IVW) method was used as the primary analytical approach, with supplementary analyses conducted using MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode methods.

Results: the study identified that higher triglyceride levels in HDL (OR = 0.40, 95 % CI: 0.16-0.98, p = 0.04) and LDL (OR = 0.24, 95 % CI: 0.10-0.57, p = 0.001), as well as a higher triglycerides to total lipids ratio in medium HDL (OR = 0.38, 95 % CI: 0.15-0.95, p = 0.04), were protective against the occurrence of nightmares. In contrast, a higher free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in medium LDL was associated with an increased risk of nightmares (OR = 3.14, 95 % CI: 1.29-7.67, p = 0.01).

Conclusion: lipid metabolism characteristics have a causal relationship with nightmare risk. Proper regulation of lipid metabolism may help reduce nightmare prevalence, particularly in vulnerable populations. Further studies are needed to validate these findings and explore underlying mechanisms.

Aims: this study aimed to identify the threshold values of TyG index-related parameters for diagnosing metabolic syndrome (MetS) in elderly Caucasian individuals with obesity, and to evaluate the predictive performance of the TyG index in comparison to HOMA-IR.

Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted including 465 elderly individuals with obesity. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index was computed using the formula: Ln [fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)] / 2. Based on this index, additional TyG-derived parameters were calculated: TyG-BMI, defined as TyG×body mass index (BMI); TyG-WC, defined as TyG×waist circumference (WC); and TyG-WHtR, defined as TyG×waist-to-height ratio (WHtR).

Results: the study population consisted of 465 elderly individuals, including 105 men (22.6 %) and 360 women (77.4 %), mean age of 73.4 ± 6.8 years. MetS was identified in 303 participants, representing 65.2 % of the cohort. The area under the curve (AUC) of TyG index based on the ATPIII criteria was 0.743 (95 % CI: 0.695-0.791; p = 0.001). The optimal cut-off point was 4.74. For HOMA-IR, the AUC was 0.681 (95 % CI: 0.621-0.741, p = 0.01, with a cutoff point of 2.49. AUCs of the TyG index-related parameters (TyGBMI: 0.715 (95 % CI: 0.661-0.762), TyGWC: 0.765 (95 % CI: 0.714-0.813), TyGWHtR: 0.757 (95 % CI: 0.707-0.807)) were similar to TyG and superior to HOMA-IR.

Conclusions: TyG-related parameters serve as dependable indicators for detecting MetS in elderly individuals with obesity.

Objective: this study aimed to determine the effects of a concurrent training program on metabolic syndrome (MetS) markers, body mass, body fat, and fitness in patients with severe or morbid obesity, comparing two Muscle Quality Index (MQI)groups (High-MQI vs. Low-MQI) across different age categories (young adults [Y-ad, 18-29.9 years], middle-aged adults [MA-ad, 30-49.9 years], and intermediate adults [I-ad, 50-59.9 years]).

Methods: twenty-seven patients with severe or morbid obesity (Low-MQI n = 15, High-MQI n = 12) participated in a 16-week exercise program. MetS markers, body composition, and fitness parameters were evaluated before and after the intervention.

Results: low-MQI Group: middle-aged adults showed significant reductions in weight (107.5 ± 10.6 to 108.8 ± 12.9 kg, p = 0.029) and BMI (43.8 ± 3.4 to 42.4 ± 4.2 kg/m2, p = 0.0006). In intermediate adults (I-ad), there was a notable increase in diastolic blood pressure (78 ± 9 to 87 ± 5 mmHg, p = 0.012). High-MQI Group: young adults exhibited significant decreases in waist circumference (122.6 ± 11.4 to 115.9 ± 11.9 cm, p = 0.012) and BMI (43.8 ± 3.4 to 42.4 ± 4.2 kg/m2, p = 0.0006). Among middle-aged adults, systolic blood pressure declined significantly (139 ± 15.2 to 126 ± 8.3 mmHg, p = 0.025) and diastolic blood pressure improved (90 ± 4 to 82 ± 3 mmHg, p = 0.044).

Conclusion: a 16-week concurrent training program led to positive changes in weight, BMI, and select MetS indicators among individuals with severe or morbid obesity.

Introduction: metabolic syndrome (MS) affects approximately 27 % of the global population and represents a growing public health concern. Identifying factors associated with its presence is essential for prevention, early diagnosis, and clinical management.

Objective: to evaluate the association between depressive symptomatology (DS) and three IL-18 gene variants-rs360719 (-1297 T>C), rs187238 (-137 G>C), and rs1834481 (+488 C>G)-in individuals with MS.

Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted between May and June 2023 involving 180 adults (90 with MS and 90 controls), diagnosed according to ALAD criteria. The PHQ-9 questionnaire was used to assess DS. Plasma IL-18 levels were measured using ELISA, and the IL-18 gene variants were genotyped by real-time PCR. The study was approved by the Ethics and Biosafety Committees (CEI-01-2023-02, CBIO-01-2023-02), and informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Results: significant differences in anthropometric, biochemical, and blood pressure parameters were found between groups, confirming a dyslipidemic and inflammatory profile in the MS group. Although no statistically significant association was observed between DS and MS, a higher proportion of moderate to severe DS was noted in the MS group. No significant differences were identified in genotype or allele distributions of the studied variants. However, nonsignificant protective trends were observed for the G allele of rs360719 and rs1834481. Plasma IL-18 levels were significantly higher in participants with MS.

Conclusions: MS was associated with characteristic clinical and inflammatory alterations. Although no significant association was found with DS, the observed trends suggest a potential proinflammatory role of IL-18 and a possible protective effect of specific gene variants.