Nutricion hospitalaria最新文献

Introduction: Background: disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) encompass altered eating behaviors that do not meet the diagnostic criteria to be considered eating disorders, yet, like the latter, are associated with multiple medical, psychological, and social complications. Objective: this study aimed to analyze the influence of the internalization of beauty ideals (specifically thinness and muscularity), depressive symptoms, body mass index (BMI), and type of university on DEBs. Methods: a correlational, cross-sectional study was conducted with two independent samples of university students from two universities, one public and one private, in Mexico City (n = 1571; 20.8  2.07 years). Data analysis included frequency and percentage estimation, mean comparison, and linear regression analysis. Results: students enrolled at the private university scored higher for all the variables studied, with statistically significant differences, except for BMI, where public university students scored higher. When compared by BMI, overweight and obese students scored higher for DEBs and internalization. In women, DEBs were predicted by thin-ideal internalization, BMI, and type of university. In male participants, predictors included BMI, depressive symptoms, and type of university. Conclusions: the results confirmed previous findings in the literature, with socioeconomic status being a determining factor for the presence of DEBs.

Introduction: Introduction: the administration of enteral nutrition formulas with peptides, medium-chain triglycerides and no fibre could mitigate gastrointestinal intolerance in cancer patients with digestive tract involvement. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness, in terms of maintenance or improvement of nutritional status and symptom control, of a nutritional management algorithm, designed by a specialist in endocrinology and nutrition and based on oligomeric oral supplementation, within radiation oncology departments. Patients and methods: we conducted a prospective study in three radiation oncology services with patients diagnosed with tumours treated with radical intention irradiation of the abdominal and/or pelvic area. Bowel function, body composition study, dynamometry and nutritional assessment according to the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria were evaluated. Results: 120 patients were included, 39 of whom required oral nutritional supplementation. Of these, 43.5 % were severely malnourished at baseline. Seventeen of them received polymeric and 22 oligomeric supplements. Patients who were well nourished at baseline and received oligomeric supplementation maintained this good nutritional status at the end of the study significantly more often than those who received polymeric supplementation. They also showed a decrease in the duration of diarrhoea, 24 vs 35 days (p = 0.047) and better scores on the adherence questionnaires. Conclusion: in patients without malnutrition, early oligomeric supplementation manages to maintain this state in a greater number of cases than polymeric formulas, as well as reducing the duration of diarrhoea.

Introduction: Background and objectives: many specialized immunonutrient formulas are available, with an emphasis on combining arginine, omega 3 fatty acids, and nucleotides. These nutrients can reduce the inflammatory pattern, with an increased contribution to resolving infections. Considering the inflammatory catharsis resulting from COVID-19, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of immunonutrition on serum albumin, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in patients with COVID-19. Materials and methods: a randomized double-blind clinical trial conducted in 2020 in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were randomized to receive a standard hyperproteic normocaloric supplement (control) or a supplement enriched with immunonutrients (experiment) for a period of 7 days. The participants were monitored for a period of 8 days, including the assessment of risk and nutritional status, and collection of blood samples to evaluate albumin, IL-6, and TNF-α. Results: 70 patients were included in the study. 64 were randomly allocated to receive an immunonutrient diet or a standard control diet. The nutritional diagnosis was 27.6 (± 0.8) kg/m² and the nutritional risk was 41.9 %. In the experiment group, there was an average increase in albumin to 0.84 (± 0.65) mg/dL, while in the control group this increase was of 0.21 (± 0.52) mg/dL. Regarding the IL-6 doses, there was a reduction both in the experiment group (-257.27 ± 448.89 pg/ml) and in the control group (-142.75 ± 253.29 pg/ml). When comparing the difference in TNF-α levels, a reduction was observed in the experiment group (-3.72 ± 5.98 pg/ml), while an increase in the control group (5.33 ± 10.48 pg/ml) was observed. Conclusions: the use of an oral supplement enriched with immunonutrients seems to be able to reduce the IL-6 and TNF-α serum levels and increase serum albumin levels.

Introduction: Background: the concurrent occurrence of hyperuricemia and hypertension is a significant public health issue, highlighting the need for effective predictive markers. Objective: this study aimed to assess the correlation between hyperuricemia and two metabolic indices, the TyG index and the TG/HDL ratio, in H-type hypertension patients, with gender-specific analysis. Material and methods: a cohort of 7,051 patients was selected from a stroke risk screening program in Nanshan District between 2017-2018 and 2021-2023. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline modeling were used to evaluate the risk and dose-response relationships. Results: the highest quartiles of both indices were associated with an increased risk of hyperuricemia, with stronger predictive power in females. Nonlinear and linear dose-response relationships were observed between the TyG index and hyperuricemia in males and females, respectively, while the TG/HDL ratio showed a nonlinear association with hyperuricemia in both genders. No association was found between these indices and homocysteine levels. Conclusion: these results suggest that the TyG index and TG/HDL ratio could serve as predictive biomarkers for hyperuricemia in H-type hypertension, particularly in females.

Introduction: Background: meal replacement (MR) diets consist of replacing one or more meals. The objective was to evaluate the effect of a MR diet on weight reduction and metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods: a real-world study was designed with a MR diet. The first phase consisted of the replacement of one meal (12 weeks); and the second phase the reintroduction of foods following a low-calorie diet (-300 to -500 calories per day) (12 weeks). Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were performed at initiation of the study; 12 and 24 weeks. Results: the mean age was 45.6 ± 3.5 years (n = 364). There were 100 males (27.5 %) and 264 females (72.5 %) enrolled. We observed significant improvements at 12 weeks and 24 weeks in body weight, BMI, fat mass, waist circumference, serum triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and frequencies of (MS, central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, and hyperglycaemia). The odds ratio of MS after phase 2 (24 weeks) was 0.66 (95 % CI = 0.49-0.90; p = 0.03). The number needed to treat was 10.17 patients for the resolution of one MS (95 % CI 6.15-41.2; p = 0.02). Conclusions: in patients with obesity, those MR diet decreased in weight and fat mass with a secondary improvement in metabolic parameters.

Introduction: Introduction: rhythmic gymnastics is a highly demanding aesthetic sport that has been associated with an increased risk of eating disorders, body dissatisfaction and nutritional deficits. Objectives: providing data on the dietary habits and body composition of Spanish amateur rhythmic gymnasts. Methods: descriptive transversal study on 56 female amateur rhythmic gymnasts practicing within clubs belonging to the Galician Gymnastics Federation, categorized into pre-teens (10-12 yrs) and teens (13-18 yrs). Anthropometric measurements were performed following ISAK protocols and complemented with bioimpedance. Dietary intake was qualitative and quantitatively determined through a three-day food record and a food frequency questionnaire. Physical activity level was estimated by an activity and training record. The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40) was used to identify disordered eating attitudes. Results: anthropometric data showed significantly lower z-scores, body fat percentage, triceps skinfold thickness, and waist-to-hip ratio in pre-teen gymnasts than in teens, and higher body water and mineral mass percentages. Pre-teens accumulated higher training load. Energy intake was lower than estimated energy expenditure and Spanish recommendations. The intake of fiber, legumes, fruit, vegetables, oils and fats did not reach the recommendations, while sugar and protein exceeded them. EAT-40 reflected no signs of eating disorders, with older gymnasts showing higher scores. Conclusions: suboptimal intake of energy and certain food groups such as legumes, vegetables, fruit and healthy fats, plus high training loads, could negatively impact health and performance of young female athletes. Considering the high nutritional and physical demands of rhythmic gymnastics, attention should be addressed to their diet and eating behaviors.

Introduction: Background: diabetes mellitus is increasing globally. The macronutrient content of food consumed by diabetic patients plays a critical role in the course of the disease. Objective: this study aimed to evaluate the effect of carbohydrate quality on sleep quality and depression in patients with type 2 diabetes. Method: a total of 150 individuals with type 2 diabetes were included in the study. A demographic questionnaire, sleep quality scale (SQS) (where higher scores indicate poorer sleep quality), and the depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS) were administered to participants. Additionally, a food frequency questionnaire consisting of 132 foods was used. To determine the Carbohydrate Quality Index (CQI) score, four components (fiber intake, whole grain ratio, glycemic index, and total carbohydrate ratio) were assessed on a scale of 1-5 points. The total CQI score was calculated, with Q5 representing the highest carbohydrate quality and Q1 the lowest. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 24 program. Results: the mean age of participants was 53.9 ± 16.38 years. The mean CQI score was 15.5 ± 2.57 in men and 13.2 ± 3.02 in women. Anxiety and depression levels were higher in women than in men. The highest SQS scores were observed in the Q1 group, indicating poorer sleep quality. Anxiety and depression scores were highest in the Q5 group and lowest in the Q1 group (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was found between CQI scores and sub-scores of depression, anxiety, and stress, while a negative correlation was observed with SQS scores. Conclusion: the study found that as carbohydrate quality was associated with worsened sleep quality, and higher levels of anxiety, stress, and depression, although the relationship was weak. Further research on this topic is needed.

Introduction: Objective: this study aimed to determine the effects of a concurrent training program on metabolic syndrome (MetS) markers, body mass, body fat, and fitness in patients with severe or morbid obesity, comparing two Muscle Quality Index (MQI)groups (High-MQI vs. Low-MQI) across different age categories (young adults [Y-ad, 18-29.9 years], middle-aged adults [MA-ad, 30-49.9 years], and intermediate adults [I-ad, 50-59.9 years]). Methods: twenty-seven patients with severe or morbid obesity (Low-MQI n = 15, High-MQI n = 12) participated in a 16-week exercise program. MetS markers, body composition, and fitness parameters were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results: low-MQI Group: middle-aged adults showed significant reductions in weight (107.5 ± 10.6 to 108.8 ± 12.9 kg, p = 0.029) and BMI (43.8 ± 3.4 to 42.4 ± 4.2 kg/m2, p = 0.0006). In intermediate adults (I-ad), there was a notable increase in diastolic blood pressure (78 ± 9 to 87 ± 5 mmHg, p = 0.012). High-MQI Group: young adults exhibited significant decreases in waist circumference (122.6 ± 11.4 to 115.9 ± 11.9 cm, p = 0.012) and BMI (43.8 ± 3.4 to 42.4 ± 4.2 kg/m2, p = 0.0006). Among middle-aged adults, systolic blood pressure declined significantly (139 ± 15.2 to 126 ± 8.3 mmHg, p = 0.025) and diastolic blood pressure improved (90 ± 4 to 82 ± 3 mmHg, p = 0.044). Conclusion: a 16-week concurrent training program led to positive changes in weight, BMI, and select MetS indicators among individuals with severe or morbid obesity.

Introduction: Introduction: alterations in plasma metabolites are increasingly recognized as an important characteristic of aortic aneurysms (AA). Objective: to evaluate the causal effects of circulating metabolites and their metabolic pathways on the risk of developing AA using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method. Methods: metabolite data were derived from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, and the genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data on AA were obtained from the FinnGen Consortium. Instrumental variables were rigorously selected, and a range of MR analysis methods were employed to identify metabolites associated with AA, followed by metabolic pathway enrichment analysis of these metabolites. Results: among the 1,400 metabolites analyzed, 77 were found to demonstrate a causal relationship to AA. Notably, 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE) + 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (9-HODE) (OR = 0.835, p = 0.001) and linoleoylcholine (OR = 0.867, p = 0.012) were negatively associated with AA risk, while C24 ceramide (d18:1/24:0) (OR = 1.167, p = 0.002) and kynurenine (OR = 1.096, p = 0.021) were positively associated. The synthesis pathways for valine, leucine, and isoleucine were positively correlated with AA, whereas the caffeine metabolic pathway showed a negative correlation. Conclusion: personalized nutrition management combined with metabolite level monitoring may contribute to reducing the risk of AA and improve long-term health outcomes in affected individuals.

Introduction: Purpose: understanding gastric emptying at different rates of low-dose enteral nutrition is crucial for managing enteral feeding during therapeutic hypothermia (TH). Methods: this study retrospectively reviewed the records of 42 patients who received TH at a single neurological intensive care unit. Patients received either 10 ml/h or 30 ml/h feeding. The gastric residual volumes (GRVs) were collected daily for 7 days during TH. In addition, demographic characteristics and disease severity (APACHE-II score) were also collected. Results: GRVs in the 30 ml/h group were significantly higher than in the 10 ml/h group (p < 0.05). Both groups showed an initial increase in GRVs, peaking on day 2 (39.99 ± 17.73 ml vs 102.74 ± 43.19 ml, p = 0.000), followed by a gradual decrease. There was no significant difference in vomiting (4.0 % vs 11.8 %, p = 0.079) or ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) incidence (8.0 % vs 17.6 %, p = 0.898) between the groups. Conclusions: patients with large hemispheric infarction may likely tolerate an initial feeding rate of 30 ml/h during TH. Feeding rates should be gradually increased from day 3 based on patient condition.