Nutricion hospitalaria最新文献

Introduction:

Introduction:

Introduction:

Introduction:

Introduction:

Introduction:

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are a global public health concern due to their high morbidity, mortality, and prevalence. Numerous scales based on different risk factors have been used to assess cardiovascular risk (CVR). The aim of this study is to evaluate how various sociodemographic variables, healthy habits, and stress are associated with the values of two CVR scales.

Materials and methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 22,976 Spanish workers, analyzing the association between sociodemographic variables (age, gender, socioeconomic status), healthy habits (smoking, alcohol consumption, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and physical activity), and stress with two CVR scales: vascular age (VA) and the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation-2 (SCORE2).

Results: all the scales analyzed show an association with elevated VA and SCORE2 values. The variables with the strongest associations (highest odds ratios) are age, type of occupation, and smoking.

Conclusions: the profile of individuals most at risk of having high VA and SCORE2 values is a male over 50 years old, belonging to lower socioeconomic strata (manual laborer), a smoker, a regular alcohol consumer, sedentary, with low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and high stress levels.

Objectives: epidemiological data show growing numbers of patients with Alzheimer´s disease. Cognitive decline and progressive swallowing impairment lead to a significant deterioration of the nutrition status in this population. Early detection and treatment of malnutrition is important for the prognosis of the disease.

Method: a systematic review was conducted. Four databases such as Cochrane, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched by two independent researchers. The inclusion criteria encompass adult patients with diagnosed Alzheimer's disease, studies with screening tools for nutritional assessment such as Mini-Nutritional Assessment and body mass index. Patients without diagnosis or with possible or probable Alzheimer's disease were excluded. Finally, 36 studies with 5293 participants were included to the systematic review. PRISMA protocol was followed when writing this article. Critical Appraisal tools for use in JBI Systematic Reviews were used for quality assessment.

Results: 36 studies were included in this systematic review. More than half of the respondents were from Europe. According to MNA 33.97 % of participants were at risk of malnutrition, 3.74 % malnourished and more than 62 % had proper nutritional status. According to the BMI, nearly 50 % of patients were overweight or obese, 4.22 % had BMI < BMI < 18,49 kg/m2. Risk of malnutrition and malnutrition was diagnosed in 53.8 % and 8.2 % of patients assessed with Mini-Nutritional Assessment - Short Form.

Conclusion: the risk of malnutrition in AD is high, however, significant differences between studies can be observed due to methodological differences. Large epidemiological studies are needed with unified nutritional assessment methods for patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Background: sarcopenia is a disease associated with muscle changes during aging, and its detection remains a challenge outside specialized clinical units.

Objective: to evaluate the utility of the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) in detecting sarcopenia in institutionalized older persons.

Materials and methods: we conducted a cross-sectional study in adults aged 55 and older from Puebla. We administered both the short form (SF) and the complete form (LF) of the MNA. We diagnosed sarcopenia according to EWGSOP2 criteria. We plotted the points obtained from MNA-SF and MNA on a ROC curve. We evaluated the odds ratio (OR) for presenting sarcopenia based on the recommended cutoff points using logistic regression models adjusted for age and sex.

Results: the study included 162 participants, with 64.1 % of them being women, and the mean age was 69.8 years (SD: 5). The mean scores of MNA-SF and MNA-LF were 12.17 (SD: 1.78), and 25.1 (SD: 2.83), respectively. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 20.4 %. The AUC of MNA-SF was 0.68 (95 % CI: 0.58-0.78), and for MNA-LF, 0.60 (95 % CI: 0.49-0.71). The OR for presenting sarcopenia with MNA-SF < 12 was OR = 2.87 (95 % CI: 1.31-6.29) and, after adjustment for age and sex, OR = 2.47 (95 % CI: 1.10-5.54).

Conclusions: according to AUC, MNA-SF may help detect sarcopenia in institutionalized older persons, while MNA-LF may have reduced utility in practice.