Nutricion hospitalaria最新文献

Introduction: Introduction: obesity is linked to functional impairments that affect mobility and motor control. Excess body fat may compromise neuromuscular activation; however, its relationship with ankle muscle reaction time in young adults has been scarcely studied. Objectives: to analyze differences in ankle muscle reaction time among young adults according to their body fat percentage (normal, elevated, and very elevated). Methods: a cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 48 young adults. Participants were classified based on body fat percentage. Reaction times of the tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, and medial gastrocnemius were measured using surface electromyography during a sudden ankle inversion test. ANOVA and linear regression were applied to analyze group differences and associations. Results: significant differences were found between groups for the tibialis anterior (p < 0.001), peroneus longus (p = 0.010), and medial gastrocnemius (p < 0.001). The group with very high body fat showed delayed activation in all muscles. Regression analysis revealed that a very high fat percentage was associated with longer reaction times in the tibialis anterior (β = 15.85 ms; p = 0.006), peroneus longus (β = 12.85 ms; p = 0.008), and medial gastrocnemius (β = 17.84 ms; p = 0.007), compared to the normal fat group. Conclusions: a higher body fat percentage is associated with longer muscle reaction times in ankle muscles. This finding highlights the importance of considering body fat percentage as a key factor in assessing and designing neuromuscular interventions for young adults.

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Introduction: Background: peripheral (PVD) and cerebral vascular disease (CeVD) are two vascular conditions of relevance in older adults. However, there is little epidemiological studies about the body composition role (i.e., skeletal muscle mass [by calf circumference] and adiposity [by waist circumference]) in the diabetes and hypertension (HTN) prevalence in PVD and CeVD conditions. Aim: to describe the characteristics of population with PVD and CeVD by different body composition phenotypes and determine the interaction between PVD/CeVD, and body composition with the HTN and diabetes prevalence. Methods: a cross-sectional study of the Chilean population based on the National Health Survey 2016-2017. A sample size of n = 233 participants was characterized according to previous PVD and CeVD or not No-PVD/No-CeVD history. Four body composition phenotypes were described such as; low skeletal muscle mass plus high waist circumference (Lsmm-Hwc), low skeletal muscle mass plus low waist circumference (Lsmm-Lwc), high skeletal muscle mass plus high waist circumference (Hsmm-Hwc), and high skeletal muscle mass plus low waist circumference (Hsmm-Lwc), by main outcomes as systolic (SBP), and diastolic BP (DBP) and fasting glucose. Results: there was a significant interaction between body composition (Groups x CeVD), in SBP (CeVD, F (3.40), p = 0.002, ES: 0.007), where SBP in Lsmm-Lwc was higher (diff +28 mmHg) versus the Hsmm-Lwc reference group. Lsmm-Hwc (odds ratio [OR], 3.2 [1.8; 5.9], p < 0.0001), Lsmm-Lwc (OR, 1.7 [1.0; 3.1], p = 0.047), and Hsmm-Hwc (OR, 2.2 [1.5; 3.3], p < 0.0001) showed a higher risk for suffering from PVD vs. Hsmm-Lwc group. Conclusion: Chilean adults with both PVD and CeVD are shown to be aged 60, with obesity and hypertensive condition, and report lower handgrip strength in comparison with adult peers with higher muscle mass and lower waist circumference.

Introduction: Objectives: to know the serum levels of vitamins (A, D, E, K, B1, B6 and B12) in critically ill patients, their changes, as well as their impact on mortality in the intensive care unit. Methods: prospective study. Serum levels of vitamins A, D, E, K, B1, B6 and B12 were measured at baseline, on day 7 and day 14, as well as the differences in them depending on whether or not the patient received PN (supplemented with a multivitamin complex without vitamin K). Multivariate analysis was performed to study factors related to mortality. Results: 99 patients were analyzed. The median age was 59 years, and 35.4 % (n = 35) were women. Vitamin A, K, and D levels were low on admission; will increase on days 7 and 14, reaching normal values in the first case, but not for K and D. Higher values of NUTRIC score (OR, 1.38; 95 % CI, 1.07-1.77) and vitamin E at income were independently related to a worse and better prognosis, respectively. In patients with PN, vitamin A and E levels rise significantly at 7 and 14 days compared to baseline without significant changes in the rest of the vitamins studied. Conclusions: upon admission to the ICU, the levels of vitamins A, D and K were decreased but those of vitamins B1, B6, B12 and E were normal. Parenteral nutrition with vitamin supplementation, but without vitamin K, maintains adequate serum vitamin K levels. We have only identified as a factor associated with prognosis that basal vitamin E level is a protective factor for mortality.

Introduction: Objective: ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by chronic nonspecific inflammation of the intestinal tract. The identification of non-invasive biomarkers that can reflect intestinal inflammation and predict therapeutic response is vital. This study aimed to assess the predictive value of the Chinese Visceral Adiposity Index (CVAI) for the assessment of both disease activity and response to vedolizumab therapy. Method: this retrospective study analyzed clinical data from patients with UC between January 2021 and December 2023. Healthy individuals were recruited as controls. Disease activity was evaluated using the modified Mayo score, while clinical response was assessed using patient-reported outcomes (PRO2). Mayo Endoscopic Score (MES) was used for the grading of mucosal lesions. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the ability of various indices to differentiate between patients with UC and healthy controls. Results: patients with UC (n = 82) had significantly higher CVAIs compared to healthy controls (n = 72) (36.34 ± 19.82 vs. 55.93 ± 25.14, p < 0.001). ROC analysis indicated that CVAI was the most effective predictive factor in distinguishing between patients with UC and healthy controls, with the highest area under the curve (AUC = 0.720). The CVAI was significantly correlated with clinical activity and endoscopic scores in patients with UC, while patients who responded to vedolizumab had lower pre-treatment CVAIs compared to non-responders (54.14 ± 15.45 vs. 72.84 ± 21.44, p = 0.002). A low pre-treatment CVAI score was also effective in predicting the response to vedolizumab (AUC = 0.789). Conclusion: The CVAI may be a valuable marker for assessing disease activity in UC and has the potential to predict the response to vedolizumab therapy.

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Introduction: Introduction: the effectiveness of the ketogenic diet (KD) as a therapeutic approach for managing weight, hormonal, and metabolic aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) requires further clarification despite its growing popularity. Objectives: this study evaluated the short-term effects of a 4-week low-calorie ketogenic diet (LCKD) on body composition, biochemical, and hormonal parameters in overweight or obese women with PCOS. Methods: thirteen women with PCOS (mean age 29.77 ± 7.54 years, median BMI 27.2 kg/m²) participated in this clinical intervention study. Body composition (bio-electrical impedance), anthropometric measurements, and biochemical/hormonal parameters were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Results: participants achieved a mean body weight loss of 6.90 % ± 2.04 %. Significant reductions were observed in body weight, BMI, fat percentage, fat mass, fat-free mass, waist, hip, and neck circumferences, and waist-to-hip/waist-to-height ratios (p < 0.05). LCKD also led to significant decreases in fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, HDL-cholesterol, prolactin, and IGF-1 levels (p < 0.05). Conversely, sexual hormon binding globulin (SBHG) and TNF-α levels significantly increased (p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis indicated that changes in waist (t = 4.196), hip (t = 3.983), and neck (t = -2.820) circumferences significantly impacted prolactin levels, while changes in fat percentage (t = -3.326, p = 0.021), fat mass (t = 3.501, p = 0.017), and hip circumference (t = 2.905, p = 0.034) influenced SHBG levels (p < 0.05). Conclusions: short-term LCKD intervention shows potential as a therapeutic dietary strategy, yielding beneficial effects on both anthropometric and key biochemical parameters in overweight or obese women with PCOS.