Nutricion hospitalaria最新文献

Introduction: Introduction: anxiety influences the eating behavior of medical students who consume unhealthy foods to mitigate stress by seeking the feeling of well-being and relaxation generated by the release of dopamine associated their consumption. Understanding this relationship is important to design interventions and health programs focused on improving students' well-being and promoting healthier eating habits. And therefore, reduce the recurrence of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease in young adults, which promote a greater cardiometabolic risk. Objectives: to determine the level of anxiety in medical students, and its relationship with the consumption of unhealthy foods, obesity, and cardiometabolic risk. Results: 95 % of the students reported symptoms of anxiety (49 % men, 51 % women), with an average of moderate anxiety (p < 0.001); 74 % indicated being emotional eaters (33.87 % men, 40.63 % women), where the most consumed food was sweets (51.4 %), followed by savory foods (32.27 %), fats (11.15 %), and healthy foods (5.18 %). According to the BMI, 44 % of the population is classified as having a high weight (31.87 % overweight and 11.96 % obese), and among this group, 41.5 % have central obesity and are at risk of metabolic disease. Students who exhibited anxiety showed a moderate positive correlation (ρ = 0.497) with the consumption of unhealthy foods, where the exposed group has a high risk of being emotional eaters. Conclusions: the prevalence of anxiety among medical students was high, being this a factor that contributes to the consumption of unhealthy foods, which causes nutritional repercussions and poses a risk for the development of cardiometabolic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemias. For this reason, it is important to implement reinforcements and measures in nutritional education, where the scientific and academic community must be included.

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Introduction: Objective: to identify and analyze the nutritional recommendations of clinical practice guidelines (GPC) for the ambulatory management of adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Methodology: a systematic review of the literature focused on the identification of recommendations for the ambulatory nutritional management of DM2. Methodological aspects of the PRISMA declaration were followed. The search was carried out in PUBMED, EMBASE and LILACS; websites of developer groups such as NICE, SIGN, MinSalud, WHO and GuíaSalud; and repositories such as BIGG, MAGICapp, Epistemonikos and CMA. The methodological quality of the identified GPC was evaluated using AGREE II. Results: from 1347 references, 49 documents eligible for full-text review were identified. Six CPGs were selected for meeting the eligibility criteria and having a global quality assessment ≥ 6 or > 60 % in the domains of methodological rigor and editorial independence according to the AGREE II instrument. The quality domains vary, with emphasis on the presentation and applicability of the guidelines, allowing us to infer that medical nutritional therapy is key in the management of T2DM, recommending the design of meal plans based on the individual preferences and needs of each patient. Conclusion: diet customization is crucial to achieving the desired results. Discrepancies persist and there is a lack of conclusive evidence on the best nutritional treatment alternative for this pathology.

Introduction: Introduction: altered taste perception, appetite loss, and dietary non-compliance are common complications in hemodialysis patients (HD) that contribute to protein-energy wasting (PEW) and poor nutritional status. Objective: this study investigated the relationships between altered taste perception (altTP), appetite status, and nutritional parameters in HD patients, particularly in relation to PEW, based on the Malnutrition Inflammation Score (MIS). Methods: a total of 70 HD patients were included. PEW was classified using MIS. Taste perception was evaluated subjectively, appetite was measured using the Appetite and Diet Assessment Tool (ADAT), and fluid/dietary compliance was assessed with the Dialysis Diet and Fluid Non-adherence Questionnaire (DDFQ). Anthropometric data, dietary intake, and biochemical markers were recorded. Results: according to MIS, 31.4 % of patients were classified as PEW. Patients reporting altered taste, especially those perceiving a metallic taste, had significantly higher MIS scores and dietary sodium intake, while showing lower dry weight and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) (p < 0.05). A significant positive correlation was found between zinc and albumin levels (r  =  0.422, p  =  0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that, changes in appetite and non-adherence to diet were positively associated with MIS, while MUAC, serum albumin, TIBC, and daily energy intake were negatively associated. Conclusion: the findings underscore the clinical importance of altered taste, particularly metallic taste, and appetite loss as indicators of nutritional risk in HD patients. These sensory changes are strongly associated with key markers of PEW, suggesting the need for early identification and nutritional intervention in this population.

Background: while vitamin D has known immunomodulatory effects, its relationship with asthma remains inconclusive. To investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and asthma risk in U.S. adolescents using nationally representative data, with emphasis on nonlinear dose-response relationships.

Methods: data were analyzed from 2,793 adolescents aged 12-18 years participating in NHANES 2013-2018. Asthma status was determined via self-report, and serum 25(OH)D was measured using LC-MS/MS. Multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were applied to evaluate linear and nonlinear associations, adjusting for relevant demographic, behavioral, and dietary covariates.

Results: no significant linear association was found between categorized vitamin D status and asthma. However, RCS analysis revealed a statistically significant U-shaped association between continuous serum 25(OH)D levels and asthma risk (p for nonlinearity = 0.019). The lowest predicted odds of asthma occurred at approximately 45.3 nmol/L, with increased risk observed at both lower and higher vitamin D levels. Key risk factors for asthma included family history (OR = 3.51), low birth weight (OR = 1.78), and reduced dietary vitamin D intake (OR per µg = 0.97).

Conclusion: a U-shaped relationship was observed between serum vitamin D levels and asthma risk in adolescents, suggesting that both deficiency and excess may be associated with higher susceptibility. These findings underscore the need for individualized, balanced vitamin D strategies and nonlinear modeling approaches in asthma research and public health policy.

Objective: To explore the relationship between salivary cortisol concentration in newborns and salivary and milk cortisol concentration in their mothers with indicators of adiposity on the first day of life.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on 39 dyads on the first postpartum day. Healthy mothers aged 18-35 years with a full-term pregnancy and a normal delivery of newborns with adequate weight for gestational age. Samples for salivary cortisol of the dyads and mothers' milk were collected between 7-8 AM. Cortisol quantification was performed by ELISA. The adiposity and length of newborns were assessed by anthropometric measurements and areas. Maternal adiposity was assessed through anthropometry and electrical bioimpedance. Numerical data were analyzed with parametric statistics.

Results: Direct linear significant correlations and regressions for cortisol concentrations of dyads with indicators of adiposity and length in newborns and adiposity in mothers were found. The relationship between the cortisol concentration in both newborns and mothers with adiposity was stronger for arm indicators, mainly the arm fat area. There was no association between the concentration of cortisol in newborn saliva and that in mothers. The concentration of cortisol in colostrum showed a slight correlation with the arm fat area.

Conclusions: A relationship between cortisol concentration and adiposity in dyads was demonstrated. Cortisol may play a role in facilitating greater independent energy fat reserves as an adaptive factor in the early postnatal period.

Background: central obesity is a known contributor to impaired lung function and chronic respiratory disease (CRD). The weight-adjusted waist index (WWI), a novel anthropometric measure, may better capture this association, revealing an underrecognized link with respiratory health. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between WWI, lung function, and CRD.

Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from the 2007-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). WWI was calculated by dividing waist circumference by the square root of body weight. Lung function parameters and CRD prevalence were analyzed using univariate and multivariate regression models. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was used to assess nonlinear relationships, and subgroup and interaction analyses were performed.

Results: Among 9,437 participants, higher WWI was significantly associated with lower values of FEV₁, FVC, PEF, and FEF₂₅-₇₅ %. Each unit increase in WWI corresponded to a 319.21 ml decrease in FVC and a 248.42 ml decrease in FEV₁. No significant association was found with the FEV₁/FVC. A 1-unit increase in WWI was associated with a 20 % increase in the prevalence of CRD. RCS analysis revealed a U-shaped relationship between WWI and CRD risk, with an inflection point at WWI = 10.60. Below this threshold, CRD risk decreased with increasing WWI, but beyond 10.60, the risk increased nonlinearly, suggesting that high WWI levels are associated with increased CRD risk.

Conclusion: elevated WWI is independently associated with reduced lung function and increased CRD risk. WWI may serve as an effective, simple indicator for identifying individuals with unrecognized respiratory risk in population health screenings.

Background/objectives: micronutrient deficiencies, or "hidden hunger," remain a persistent public health concern, particularly among institutionalised children. Accurate dietary assessment is essential to identify nutritional risks; however, many studies overlook weekend intake, when children return home and may face different dietary conditions than those provided in institutional settings. To evaluate diet quality and micronutrient adequacy in institutionalised children aged 6 to 12 years, comparing two assessment scenarios: 1) two weekday food records, and, 2) two weekday records plus a 24-hour dietary recall for Sunday.

Methods: dietary data were collected from forty-two children using observational food records. A subsample of eighteen children with complete weekend data was selected for the scenario comparison. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI-2020), energy plausibility was evaluated with the Goldberg & Black method, and usual intake was estimated using the ISU model in PC-SIDE, adjusting for intra-individual variability. Nutrient adequacy was determined using Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs).

Results: including Sunday intake significantly reduced total HEI-2020 scores (56.4 vs. 52.6; p = 0.043), with lower intake of fruits, whole grains, and healthy fats, and increased consumption of added sugars and saturated fats. Nine out of twelve micronutrients showed significant changes in usual intake, with increased risk of inadequacy for folate, calcium, thiamine, zinc, and vitamin D.

Conclusions: although weekday institutional meals provided a structured dietary pattern, excluding weekend intake underestimated the nutritional risk. Including this period is essential for comprehensive dietary assessment and designing more effective public health strategies in vulnerable populations.

Background and objectives: numerous studies have shown that selenium has a positive role in the regulation of glucolipid metabolism. However, the effects of selenium supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors remain inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of dietary selenium on glycolipid metabolic parameters, inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress levels in individuals with metabolic diseases.

Methods and study design: a comprehensive search was conducted up to August 30, 2023, across PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane databases. We included adult randomized controlled trials comparing selenium supplements to placebos in patients with metabolic diseases, focusing on cardiovascular risk factors. We included 11 publications with a total of 656 patients.

Results: our analysis showed that dietary selenium significantly reduced HOMA-β (Homeostasis Model Assessment-Beta; p < 0.0001), triglycerides (p = 0.02), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (p < 0.00001), and plasma malondialdehyde (p < 0.00001), while increasing total antioxidant capacity (p = 0.04). However, selenium had no significant effect on fasting plasma glucose, insulin levels, HOMA-IR (Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, nitric oxide, plasma glutathione, weight change, and body mass index change (all p > 0.05).

Conclusions: in conclusion, dietary selenium may improve insulin resistance, triglycerides, inflammation, and oxidative stress in individuals with metabolic diseases, but does not affect other aspects of glucose and lipid metabolism.

Introduction: early infant feeding practices play a crucial role in shaping long-term dietary behaviors and health outcomes. However, validated instruments to assess these practices in infants under six months are scarce, particularly in low -and middle- income countries. The Feeding Practices and Structure Questionnaire for Infants - Milk Feeding version (FPSQ-M) was originally developed in Australia, but its applicability in diverse cultural contexts requires validation.

Objective: to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the FPSQ-M for use among Mexican mothers with infants under six months of age.

Methods: this cross-sectional study involved 197 Mexican mothers. The FPSQ-M underwent translation, cultural adaptation, and psychometric validation. Construct validity was evaluated through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, and measurement invariance by maternal education level was tested using multigroup analysis.

Results: the EFA identified a four-factor structure, explaining 56.49 % of the variance, aligning with the original FPSQ-M. CFA, after removing two low-loading items, showed improved model fit (GFI = 0.901, CFI = 0.916, RMSEA = 0.063). Measurement invariance confirmed that the FPSQ-M is equivalent across maternal educational groups. Internal consistency was acceptable across all dimensions.

Conclusions: the FPSQ-M demonstrated strong psychometric properties in this Mexican sample, making it a reliable tool for assessing feeding practices. Its use is recommended in future research and public health interventions aimed at promoting responsive feeding and preventing early childhood obesity.