Nutricion hospitalaria最新文献

Introduction: Introduction: Menopause represents a critical stage of aging, marked by a decrease in estradiol and progesterone, which contributes to vascular dysfunction, increased blood pressure, accumulation of abdominal fat and hyperlipidemia, resembling the cardiovascular profile of older men. Objective: This study analyzes the relationship between plasma atherogenic indices and cardiovascular risk according to the postmenopausal phase in Chilean women. Methods: A secondary analysis of the National Health Survey 2016-2017 was performed, including women between 40 and 70 years in early or late menopause, classified according to Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop (STRAW). Lipid profile was analyzed and atherogenic indices were calculated. T-tests, Mann-Whitney and Chi-square tests were applied, considering significance at p<0.05. Results: The sample included 742 menopausal women; 74.4% presented excess malnutrition and 88% abdominal obesity, with an average Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 kg/m² in both groups. Systolic blood pressure was 8 points higher in late menopause. The atherogenic indices showed significant differences in both stages, with the plasma atherogenic index having the highest correlation. Conclusion: The plasma atherogenic index and the atherogenic coefficient are cost-effective tools for assessing cardiovascular risk in this population.

Introduction: Introduction: the prevalence of malnutrition in the pediatric hospital population ranges between 6 and 50 % in different countries. It is necessary to quantify the prevalence of risk or malnutrition at hospital admission in Colombia. Objective: to estimate the prevalence of intrahospital nutritional status using standardized reference standards and to perform the operational diagnostic by evaluating assessment of malnutrition of the STRONGkids tool in children hospitalized in a highly complex healthcare institution. Materials and methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in which pediatric patients were selected consecutively for 5 weeks. The population would correspond to 300 patients. Results: the prevalence of some degree of hospital malnutrition was 3.5 % (95 % CI, 0.3-11) in children under 5 years of age and 3.8 % (95 % CI, 0.8-10.6) in older children. The STRONGkids tool, with a high risk classification, showed an average sensitivity of 81 % (95 % CI, 40 %-100 %), and average specificity of 97.9 % (95 % CI, 94.5 %-100 %) in the diagnosis of Malnutrition, according to the anthropometric criteria of Resolution 2465 of 2016 of the Ministry of Health. Conclusion: STRONGkids is a valid tool in the diagnosis of any type of hospital malnutrition in children.

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Introduction: Introduction: the adiposity excess has become a public health problem; therefore, many authors have studied this phenomenon from different standpoints. However, studies that have evaluated adiposity indicators sometimes do not report the assessment of model assumptions, which may have introduced potential bias in the interpretations. Objective: to compare the metrics of generalized models to estimate factors associated with body mass index and waist circumference in Colombian adults for the year 2015. Methodology: it was an analytical cross-sectional study. A sample of 72,815 adults (aged 18 to 65 years) was considered. Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured, with the first two used to calculate BMI. To estimate the association, five regression models were developed for each marker. The model fit was assessed using GAIC, and residuals were checked using worm-plot graphs. Results: for both adiposity markers, the generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape model showed the best fit according to GAIC and the worm-plot graph. Conclusions: the use of generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape for studying body mass index and waist circumference provides better model fit and more effectively meets underlying assumptions. The estimator magnitudes across models maintain the same directionality; however, their magnitudes show significant variations.

Introduction: Objectives: to evaluate the prognostic role of the marker albumin-myosteatosis (MAM) in Caucasian patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Material and methods: this study involved 55 consecutive Caucasian patients diagnosed with metastatic colorectal cancer. CT scans at the L3 vertebral level were analyzed to determine skeletal muscle cross-sectional area, skeletal muscle index (SMI), and skeletal muscle density (SMD). Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) (phase angle, reactance, resistance, and SMI-BIA) was used. Albumin and prealbumin were measured. The albumin-myosteatosis marker (AMM = serum albumin (g/dL) × skeletal muscle density (SMD) in Hounsfield units (HU) was calculated. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and comparisons between groups were performed using the log-rank test. Results: the median age was 68.1 ± 9.1 years. Patients were divided into two groups based on the median MAM (129.1 AU for women and 156.3 AU for men). Patients in the low MAM group had significantly reduced values of phase angle and reactance, as well as older age. These patients also had higher rates of malnutrition by GLIM criteria (odds ratio: 3.8; 95 % CI = 1.2-12.9), low muscle mass diagnosed with TC (odds ratio: 3.6; 95 % CI = 1.2-10.9) and mortality (odds ratio: 9.82; 95 % CI = 1.2-10.9). The Kaplan-Meir analysis demonstrated significant differences in 5-year survival between MAM groups (patients in the low median MAM group vs. patients in the high median MAM group), (HR: 6.2; 95 % CI = 1.10-37.5). Conclusion: the marker albumin-myosteatosis (MAM) may function as a prognostic marker of survival in Caucasian patients with metastatic CRC.

Introduction: Introduction: anaemia among adolescent girls remains quite high. According to data from the WHO, the global prevalence of anaemia ranges from 40 % to 88 %. In Indonesia, the prevalence of anaemia among those aged 5-14 years is 26.8 %, and 32 % among those aged 15-24 years. Anaemia is a medical condition in which haemoglobin levels are below normal. This condition may be caused by low iron intake or impaired iron absorption. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of an intervention using iron-fortified cassava composite flour cookies for adolescent girls with anaemia. Methods: the research design used a single-blind pre-post study conducted on adolescent girls in an Islamic boarding school, divided into control and intervention groups. It was carried out randomly on subjects per group 28, with a total of 56 subjects in the study. Results were obtained in a total of 43 subjects, 27 in the intervention group and 16 in the control group. The intervention was carried out for three months, with cookies provided once a week for consumption over a week. Subject characteristics and dietary patterns were obtained through a questionnaire. Haemoglobin levels and anthropometric measurements were obtained through direct measurements. Cookie consumption compliance was assessed based on a compliance form. Results: there was a significant increase in in Z-score in both groups. The average haemoglobin level increased from baseline to middle line, with a significant difference observed in both groups (p < 0.05), but no significant difference between the groups (p < 0.05). All the macronutrient adequacy levels for most subjects were classified as severely deficient. The frequency of food intake across all food groups was generally low for all subjects. Cookies consumption compliance at middle line was significantly higher in the control group. Conclusion: the ANCOVA test for haemoglobin levels indicated no significant difference between the groups. Covariate variables that influenced changes in haemoglobin levels were the percentage of cookie consumption compliance and baseline haemoglobin levels.

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Introduction: Computed tomography (CT) is an indirect and reference technique for body composition analysis with interesting possibilities in clinical nutrition. Segmentation is the automatic or semi-automatic software-based process by which different metabolic tissues of interest (muscle tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue and intermuscular adipose tissue) that are part of the current diagnoses of malnutrition, sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity are delimited, separated and quantified. The Alberta protocol is the most common segmentation guide, being applicable in most software. In this paper, we review the main characteristics of the most common open-source segmentation software, their degree of agreement, and some precautions and limitations of this process.