Nutricion hospitalaria最新文献

Background: the phase angle (PA) is expressed via bioelectrical impedance and an indicator of cell membrane health, integrity, hydration, and nutritional status. The associations between PA and cancer survival are inconsistent and unclear. This study aimed to assess PA's role as a prognostic marker of cancer survival.

Methods: we searched PubMed and EMBASE to identify all relevant studies up to December 2023. A meta-analysis was performed to clarify PA's prognostic role for cancer patients.

Results: a total of 30 studies covering 6587 participants were included in this study. There was a significant prognostic role for PA in the context of cancer patients' survival (HR = 0.73; 95 % CI, 0.66-0.81, p < 0.0001, I2 = 0.0 %). Patients with low PA values were 27 % less likely to survive than patients with high values. Our subgroup analyses showed that geographical population (American: HR = 0.66, 95 % CI: 0.55-0.79, I2 = 0.0 %; European: HR = 0.63, 95 % CI: 0.47-0.84, I2 = 23.2 %; Asian: HR = 0.48, 95 % CI: 0.31-0.74), the type of cancer (head and neck, colorectal, lung, or pancreatic cancer), and type of therapy (palliative vs. non-palliative treatment) did not change the prognostic value.

Conclusions: the findings highlight the potential of PA to be a non-invasive, cost-effective prognostic tool in oncological care.

Objective: to investigate the correlation between cardiometabolic index (CMI) and lumbar spine bone mineral density (LSBMD) in U.S. adults.

Methods: the study selected eligible participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2011 to 2018. After adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), liver function markers, kidney function markers, blood routine indicators, metabolic markers, and chronic disease status, a logistic regression model combined with a restricted cubic spline model, smooth curve fitting, and threshold effect analysis was used to examine the association between CMI and LSBMD. Subgroup analysis was performed to verify the robustness of the results.

Result: among the 3,885 participants, for each unit increase in CMI, LSBMD decreased by 0.011 g/cm². Additionally, a turning point was identified at CMI = 0.797. When CMI was below 0.797, LSBMD decreased as CMI increased, showing a strong negative correlation (β = -0.077, 95 % CI: -0.097 to -0.058, p < 0.001). However, beyond this threshold, the relationship between CMI and LSBMD was no longer significant. Subgroup analysis revealed that the negative correlation between CMI and BMD was consistent across most subgroups (such as gender, BMI, hypertension, and high cholesterol), but instability was observed in subgroups such as individuals aged 51-59, Mexican Americans, non-Hispanic Blacks, and those with diabetes.

Conclusion: there exists a non-linear inverse correlation with CMI and LSBMD, showing that CMI could be a potential contributing factor for decreased bone mineral density, with a more pronounced effect within a specific range.

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Background: diabetes is a complex disease that requires multiple strategies for glycemic control. The most challenging part is acquiring healthy eating practices. What is needed is to keep patients well informed and involved with their disease; for this, standardized, reliable instruments are required that allow evaluating the dietary practices in this population.

Objective: to build and to validate a highly reliable evaluation scale of feeding habits in patients with diabetes type 2.

Methodology: a cross-sectional design for the construction and validation of an evaluation scale for feeding habits in diabetes 2 patients. There were listed 63 questions subjected to review and statistics analysis that reduced it into a 30 ítems scale that was applied to 495 diabetes 2 patients in a first level attention clinic. There were used exploratory factorial analysis, sphericity Bartlett test, KMO, total variance explained, Spearman's r-test and Cronbach's alpha.

Results: a final version was obtained containing 30 ítems distributed in 8 dimensions with 3 response options on the Likert scale, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.811. The exploratory factor analysis showed factor loads > 0.30. The total explained variance threw eight principal components; the KMO test = 0.833, Bartlett's test of sphericity, p = 0.000.

Conclusion: the scale to evaluate eating practices in patients with type 2 diabetes has the validity and high reliability to be able to apply it to this population.

Background: vitamin D plays a crucial role in immune regulation, anti-inflammatory processes, and tumor suppression, but its relationship with leukemia risk remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the causal relationship between vitamin D levels and the risk of different types of leukemia through a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Methods: data from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were used, and genetic variants associated with vitamin D were selected as instrumental variables. The relationship between vitamin D levels and the risk of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) was examined. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was applied as the primary analytical approach. Heterogeneity was assessed through Cochran's Q test, pleiotropy was evaluated using the MR-Egger intercept, and sensitivity analyses were performed to ensure the robustness of the results.

Results: MR analysis showed a significant inverse association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the risk of CML (OR = 0.44, 95 % CI: 0.25-0.78, p = 0.005), suggesting a potential protective effect of vitamin D against CML. No significant causal relationships were found between vitamin D levels and the risks of AML, ALL, or CLL. Sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of these findings, with no evidence of heterogeneity or pleiotropy.

Conclusion: the findings indicate that higher vitamin D levels may reduce the risk of CML, while the effects on other types of leukemia require further investigation. The potential role of vitamin D in leukemia prevention warrants more mechanistic studies and clinical validation.

Introduction: malnutrition in pregnant women will cause impaired fetal development, premature delivery, impaired baby growth, and the risk of causing chronic disease. The Health Belief Model is used and has an important role in directing pregnant women to engage in preventive health behavior, namely preventing malnutrition.

Objective: this study aims to analyze the factors related to the nutritional fulfillment behavior of pregnant women based on the theory of the health belief model.

Methods: this research used correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. The total sample is 164 pregnant women. The variables were perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, self-efficacy, and behavior of fulfilling the nutritional needs. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using Spearman's rho with a p-value ≤ 0.05.

Result: factors related to the behavior of fulfilling nutritional needs of pregnant women are, perceived benefits (p = 0.021), perceived barriers (p = 0.034) and cues to action (p = 0.032). Meanwhile, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, and self-efficacy do not correlate with the nutritional fulfillment behavior of pregnant women.

Conclusion: factors related to the behavior of fulfilling nutritional needs are perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and cues to action. Future research is expected to develop a health belief model factor for intervention to improve behavior in fulfilling nutritional needs in pregnant women.

Introduction: obesity is a condition that increases the risk of presenting other non-communicable diseases, reducing life expectancy and quality of life in individuals. Its development involves a complex interaction of several factors, the main ones being inadequate food intake and lack of physical activity.

Objective: to design and validate a tool to identify eating habits, physical activity and emotional state in adolescents.

Methods: an observational study was carried out in 2 instances design and validation, using the Delphi method, taking as a basis for its design the 7 stages proposed by Sampieri. The design, based on the systematic review of the literature, was proposed by the coordinating group. Validation was carried out in 2 phases: the first by means of the criteria of judges, with the participation of 17 experts who evaluated the wording and relevance of each item, and the second by means of statistical analysis estimating the Aiken V coefficient, binomial tests, Cronbach's Alpha and McDonald's Omega. It was applied to a sample of 673 adolescents from the southern area of the state of Tamaulipas, Mexico.

Results: an instrument composed of 46 items in 3 dimensions was obtained. In the validation, binomial tests were estimated, showing a significance of 0.000, which indicates that the questions are correlated. Likewise, the Aiken V coefficient was estimated for all the items, which presented a value > 0.7, establishing adequate content validity for each one of them. Finally, the reliability tests estimated by means of Cronbach's Alpha and McDonald's Omega obtained an overall value of 0.777, which indicates that the instrument is reproducible and consistent.

Conclusions: the tool generated presented validity and reliability indicating that it is suitable for its application in the assessment of risk in healthy habits of adolescents (diet and physical activity) and of alteration in their emotional state.

Introduction: nutrition during the first two years of life is crucial for the physical, cognitive, and emotional development of children. This study aimed to: 1) associate maternal perception of hunger and satiety signals with the type of feeding; 2) associate maternal perception of hunger and satiety signals with the infant's weight status; and 3) determine the influence of feeding type on the infant's BMI-for-age.

Methods: a descriptive correlational cross-sectional study was conducted with 424 mother-infant dyads in Sinaloa, Mexico, using systematic random sampling. Mothers completed questionnaires on feeding practices and perception of hunger and satiety signals. Anthropometric data of the infant were measured, and the influence of feeding type on the infant's BMI-for-age z-score was analyzed using multiple linear regression.

Results: 45.8 % of mothers reported a low perception of hunger and satiety signals. 30.2 % of infants were overweight. Mothers with a high perception of signals reported a lower proportion of overweight infants. Mixed feeding and early introduction of complementary foods significantly influence the increase in infant zIMC/age score.

Conclusions: maternal perception of hunger and satiety signals influences the infant's weight status. Mixed feeding and early introduction of complementary foods increase the risk of overweight in infants. It is crucial to promote adequate perception of these signals to prevent nutritional problems in early childhood.