Nutricion hospitalaria最新文献

Introduction: childhood overweight and obesity are considered an epidemic that affects the entire population regardless of a nation's income level. Currently, there is a digital tool for predicting the risk of this disease in newborns, which has the advantages of being quick to perform and not requiring additional tests.

Objective: to estimate the proportion and association of newborns at risk of developing obesity in childhood and adolescence in family triads.

Methods: descriptive, comparative, correlational, and cross-sectional study. The sampling was simple random probability sampling, and the sample consisted of 120 triads from the northern part of the country and 200 triads from the southern part.

Results: in the northern part of the country, 74 newborns (61.7 %) were found to have low ROB, compared to 18 (15.0 %) with medium risk and 28 (23.3 %) with high risk. There were no differences compared to the population in the southern part of the country (X2 = 3.098; p = 0.212). The sex of the newborn, the weeks of gestation, and the number of pregnancies of the mother were not related and did not show significant differences (p > 0.05).

Conclusions: the risk of developing overweight and obesity is present in the study sample. Further studies in other populations are needed to determine the distributions and prevalence of childhood obesity risk. Prevention and promotion interventions starting in the prenatal stage will be necessary to reduce overweight and obesity.

Introduction: vitamin D has a diversity of functions in the human body, participating in bone physiology and in the function of the immune system; however, in Colombia there is deficiency and insufficiency of this micronutrient in the adult population.

Objective: to analyse the sensory, physico-chemical and nutritional characteristics of alfajores enriched with vitamin D.

Methods: handmade alfajores were enriched with 10, 15 and 20 µg of vitamin D, and a control sample was provided. Subsequently, a quantitative cross-sectional analysis of a descriptive type was carried out; the sensory analysis was carried out by means of preference tests and hedonic-type scalars in a sensory panel with 50 students from the ECCI University in Bogotá, while the nutritional study was carried out on the ingredients used and the food composition tables of the Colombian population.

Results: alfajores enriched with vitamin D have acceptable physical, chemical and nutritional characteristics according to the nature of the product, a weight of less than 40 grams, and a low contribution of proteins, calcium, iron, sodium and vitamin A with less than 5 % of the reference values; the contribution of carbohydrates, fat and vitamin D is not too high. From a sensorial perspective, there were no statistically significant differences between the products offered to the panel; however, alfajores enriched with 15 µg per serving were more accepted.

Conclusions: alfajores enriched with vitamin D had good acceptability by consumers and at the nutritional level a significant contribution of vitamin D, fats and carbohydrates.

Introduction: bronchial asthma is a disease with a high prevalence in childhood; understanding the relationship with another chronic disease like adiposity or dyslipidemia can contribute to control and improve quality of life in these patients.

Objective: to find the relationship between dyslipidemia and asthma control level in children at a National Hospital in Lima, Peru.

Material and methods: a transversal, cross association, descriptive study. The population included children aged 5 to 11 years who consulted for asthma control between October 2022 and October 2023 (N = 74). Blood values of glucose, total cholesterol (CT), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and TG/HDL ratio were quantified in 8-hour fasting venous blood. Pediatric asthma control level (ACL) was categorized by c-ACT 5. Pearson's correlation test was applied for CT and ACL, and Spearman's correlation test for other lipid variables and ACL Results: dyslipidemia prevalence was 58 %. We found moderate correlation between HDL and c-ACT 5 score (rS = 0.5, p = 0.00). We found no significative relation between CT and ACL (rP = 0.19, p = 0.06).

Conclusion: there is a significative relation between HDL and asthma control level.

Introduction: the study of sedentary behaviours (SB) in different age groups is a constant concern for health and education systems, due to the close relationship between lifestyle habits in early life and their consolidation during adulthood.

Objective: the purpose of the study was to analyse SB in Chilean pre-adolescent and adolescent students of both sexes.

Method: a comparative cross-sectional study was designed. A total of 1,867 students stratified by gender (M = 991 and F = 876) and age (13-15 and 16-19 years) completed the HELENA questionnaire for weekdays and weekends. The chi-square test was used to obtain differences in comparisons by gender, age stratification, and type of school day.

Results: significant differences (p < 0.01) were found between the hours spent using the internet in the comparison by gender, with higher numbers among males and in the adolescent group. The number of hours spent watching television (p = 0.040) and studying (p = 0.023) was higher among females, with the highest figures in the 13-15 age group. The comparison between days showed differences between weekdays in the hours spent playing computer games, console games, using the internet for leisure and studying, regardless of age and gender.

Conclusions: sedentary behaviours differ according to age, gender and school day, so it is recommended that differentiated intervention strategies be designed for pre-adolescents and adolescents and according to gender.

Introduction: insulin resistance is a key contributor to cardiometabolic diseases, yet it remains understudied among domestic workers. This study evaluates the usefulness of the TyG, METS-IR, and SPISE indices as non-invasive tools to estimate insulin resistance risk in this population.

Background: insulin resistance (IR) is a major precursor of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, yet its prevalence and associated factors remain underexplored in informal labor sectors. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of elevated IR scores using validated non-invasive indices (TyG, METS-IR, and SPISE) and their association with sociodemographic and lifestyle variables in a large cohort of Spanish female domestic workers.

Methods: a cross-sectional analysis was conducted using health examination data from 6,321 adult female domestic workers in Spain. IR was assessed using three surrogate indices: the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), the metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), and the single-point insulin sensitivity estimator (SPISE). Participants were classified into quartiles based on each index. Associations with age, smoking status, physical activity (IPAQ-SF), and adherence to the Mediterranean diet were evaluated using logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders.

Results: a high proportion of participants were in the highest-risk quartile for TyG (25.3 %), METS-IR (24.9 %), and the lowest-risk quartile for SPISE (26.8 %). Older age, smoking, low physical activity, and low Mediterranean diet adherence were significantly associated with unfavorable IR profiles across all three indices. Multivariate logistic regression showed that physical inactivity was strongly associated with high TyG (OR = 3.12), high METS-IR (OR = 3.28), and low SPISE (OR = 4.07) scores. The prevalence of high IR scores increased with age and was notably higher among smokers and individuals with poor dietary habits.

Conclusions: this study reveals a concerning prevalence of elevated insulin resistance among female domestic workers in Spain and identifies modifiable lifestyle factors associated with metabolic risk. The use of simple, cost-effective indices such as TyG, METS-IR, and SPISE offers a valuable opportunity for early identification of cardiometabolic risk in underserved labour populations. Targeted interventions promoting physical activity, dietary improvement, and smoking cessation are urgently needed to reduce long-term health disparities in this occupational group.

Introduction: a growing world population, constraints on natural resources and changing nutritional preferences all point to the need to find an alternative to traditional animal protein sources however food neophobia can come to the fore in this process.

Objetive: this study aims to evaluate the relationship between sustainable and healthy eating behaviours, acceptance of alternative protein sources and food neophobia in young adults.

Methods: individuals filled out a questionnaire form including self-descriptive information, questions about acceptance of alternative protein sources, Sustainable and Healthy Eating Behaviours Scale and Food Neophobia Scale.

Results: the study included 475 individuals, 132 (27.8 %) males and 343 (72.2 %) females, with a mean age of 24.6 ± 4.1 years. The mean scores of sustainable and healthy eating behaviours scale were 4.1 ± 0.8 and 4.2 ± 1.1 for male and female students, respectively. A significant relationship was found between the local food factor scores of the participants according to gender (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the food neophobia scale scores of individuals according to gender (p < 0.05). The acceptance of plant-based protein sources from alternative protein sources as an alternative to animal-based proteins was higher, while edible insects were not accepted by any participant.

Conclusion: growing world population, increasing demand for animal protein, constraints in natural resources and changing dietary preferences necessitate finding an alternative to traditional animal protein sources and sustainable and healthy nutrition education in young adults is considered necessary for environmental and health sustainability.

Background: the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is an innovative marker of lipid metabolism that has been associated with various diseases. This study aimed to examine the correlation between AIP and depression among individuals with diabetes.

Methods: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2018 were analyzed in this cross-sectional investigation, which included adults with diabetes who had complete AIP and depression data. AIP was calculated as log10 [TG (mmol/L) / HDL-C (mmol/L)], and depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The relationship between AIP and depression were measured employing weighted multivariable logistic regression and subgroup analysis. Additionally, a nonlinear relationship between AIP and depression was identified through smoothed curve fitting.

Results: a total of 2,813 participants with diabetes were enrolled, among whom 12.9 % had comorbid with depression. A positive correlation between AIP and depression emerged. Each one-unit increase in AIP in the fully adjusted model was linked to a 54 % higher likelihood of depression (OR = 1.54, 95 % CI: 1.06-2.23). In the fully adjusted model, subjects in the top AIP tertile were 45 % more likely to have depression than those in the lowest tertile (OR = 1.45, 95 % CI: 1.07-1.95). This correlation was observed to remain stable across diverse subgroups (all p for interaction > 0.05).

Conclusions: AIP, an alternative marker of plasma atherogenicity, was correlated with elevated PHQ-9 scores and a higher likelihood of depression in adults with diabetes.

Introduction: the estimation of body fat mass (FM) can be performed using different methods. Although Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) is considered the reference technique due to its precision and reproducibility, its high cost and limited accessibility restrict its widespread use. Moreover, its application requires standardized hydration conditions and trained personnel, which makes its implementation difficult in field settings or for frequent assessments of athletes. More accessible methods, such as Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) and Anthropometry (ANT), present validity limitations when applied to Mexican athletes.

Objective: to compare the body fat mass of Mexican triathletes obtained by BIA and ANT versus DXA, in order to evaluate the reliability of the equations used in these methods.

Materials and methods: an exploratory, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted with 30 Mexicans triathletes (10 women, 20 men), between 18 and 40 years of age, who met the inclusion criteria were studied. The BIA equation used was Macias (2007) and the anthropometric equations were those of Durnin & Womersley with Siri.

Results: different average values of body fat percentage were obtained in the methods used (DXA 24.91 %; BIA 22.18 %; ANT 21.83 %), but they did not present significant differences (one-way ANOVA, post hoc Scheffe & Bonferroni, p > 0.05). A positive correlation was obtained between DXA and the other methods (BIA r = 0.697, ANT r = 0.876, p > 0.05), with anthropometry being the strongest.

Conclusions: the methods used estimate different values of body fat percentage in the studied population, but without statistically significant differences. The method that showed the best results in the studied population when compared to DXA was the anthropometric method.

Objective: a comparison of energy nutrients, dietary diversity scores (DDS), and physical development (BMIZ, WZ, HZ) between children with Williams syndrome (WS) and neurotypical (NT) developing children.

Methods: children with WS and NT who visited the Child Health Care Department of Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January to September 2023 were collected and divided into three age groups (1-3 years, 3-6 years, and > 6 years). The dietary intake and physical development of children with WS and NT were compared.

Results: there were statistically significant differences in total energy, protein, and carbohydrate intake, as well as carbohydrate intake percentage and DDS total score among the three groups of WS children (p < 0.05). Compared to age-matched NT children, the 1-3 years-old WS children had a lower DDS total score; the 3-6 years-old WS children had lower BMIZ, WZ, total energy intake, fat intake, carbohydrate intake, and fat intake percentage; and the > 6 years-old WS children had lower fat intake, protein and fat intake percentages, and DDS total score (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: the findings underscore the necessity of monitoring and improving the nutritional status and eating habits of WS children across different age groups.