Nutricion hospitalaria最新文献

Background: China has the largest middle-aged and elderly population globally, with a rising prevalence of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) posing significant public health challenges. The C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index (CTI) is recognized as an indicator of chronic low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance, and metabolic disorders. However, limited research exists on its association with CMM, particularly regarding dose-response relationships. This research examines the link between CTI and new-onset CMM in middle-aged and elderly Chinese individuals.

Methods: data from the 2011 baseline and 2015 follow-up of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were analyzed, involving 15,497 eligible participants. A multivariate logistic regression was conducted to evaluate the relationship between CTI and CMM risk, controlling for nine confounding variables. CTI was evaluated as a continuous variable (interquartile range, IQR) for linear analysis, and restricted cubic splines (RCS) tested potential non-linear relationships. Subgroup analyses examined the consistency of CTI effects across demographic and behavioral variables, while interaction tests evaluated potential interactions. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis assessed CTI's predictive performance.

Results: over four years, 930 participants developed CMM (incidence rate: 7.5 %). Elevated CTI levels were strongly linked to a heightened risk of CMM. In the unadjusted model, each unit increase in CTI corresponded to a 63 % higher risk (OR = 1.63, 95 % CI: 1.49-1.79, p < 0.001). After adjustment, the risk remained elevated by 45 % (OR = 1.45, 95 % CI: 1.31-1.61, p < 0.001). Quartile analysis indicated an increased risk in the highest quartile (Q4) compared to the lowest quartile (Q1), with an odds ratio of 1.38 (95 % CI: 1.09-1.76, p = 0.007). RCS analysis showed no significant non-linear relationship (p = 0.832). CTI exhibited moderate predictive performance (area under the curve, AUC = 0.61).

Conclusions: elevated CTI is linearly associated with increased CMM risk, indicating its potential as a predictive tool for CMM in middle-aged and elderly populations.

Introduction: malnutrition and sarcopenia, especially in older adults, are associated with increased mortality due to increased susceptibility to infections, increased functional disability, increased number of hospitalizations, and impact on quality of life. During hospitalization, malnutrition and sarcopenia can interfere with clinical outcomes, and assessment of these conditions is necessary for early interventions.

Objective: to assess the relationship between malnutrition and sarcopenia parameters in older adults during hospitalization.

Method: this epidemiological study employed a cross-sectional descriptive field design and included 103 individuals aged 60 years or older from a university hospital in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Malnutrition was assessed using the criteria recommended by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM), while sarcopenia was assessed based on the consensus of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP).

Results: malnutrition was diagnosed in 52.4 % of the individuals, while sarcopenia was identified in 22.3 %. Among sarcopenic individuals, 91.3 % were also malnourished, suggesting that nearly all malnourished patients were affected by sarcopenia. Logistic regression analysis revealed a higher likelihood of sarcopenia among malnourished individuals [OR: 22.02; 95 % CI: 4.33-111.95; p < 0.0001], with an increased probability of sarcopenia in individuals with lower calf circumference [OR: 11.34; 95 % CI: 3.54-36.21; p < 0.0001].

Conclusion: monitoring nutritional status using GLIM and identifying sarcopenia should be integral to hospital admission procedures. Calf circumference, a quick and easily obtainable measure, was found to be associated with malnutrition and effective for the early detection of sarcopenia.

Background: drug-induced lipid metabolism disorders (DILMD) have emerged as a significant public health concern, particularly with the approval of certain medications in the past decade that may substantially increase the risk of lipid metabolism abnormalities. Despite increasing evidence, these adverse events are often underdiagnosed or misattributed to underlying conditions, receiving insufficient attention. Furthermore, comprehensive studies utilizing large-scale databases are scarce, leaving a significant gap in identifying risk signals and understanding the mechanisms of DILMD.

Objective: this study aims to identify potential drug signals associated with DILMD using the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database, thereby addressing the lack of systematic large-scale analysis in this field.

Methods: a disproportionality analysis (DPA) was conducted using the FAERS database (Q1 2004 to Q3 2024). The analysis employed MedDRA 26.1 terminology and algorithms such as reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), information component (IC), and empirical Bayes geometric mean (EBGM) to evaluate the strength of associations between drugs and lipid metabolism-related adverse events. Newly identified signals were cross-verified with FDA drug labels to confirm novelty.

Results: a total of 140,110 reports of lipid metabolism disorder-related adverse events were analyzed. Significant signals were identified for drugs such as risperidone, adalimumab, and rofecoxib. Among the top 50 drugs, 29 lacked explicit mention of lipid metabolism risks in their labeling. Additionally, novel signals were detected for Carthamus Tinctorius, Rofecoxib, Alendronic Acid, Finasteride, and Eicosapentaenoic Acid5, indicating previously unrecognized risks of lipid metabolism abnormalities. The study also highlighted older adults and individuals with higher body weight as the most severely affected populations, aligning with prior knowledge of metabolic vulnerability.

Conclusion: this study reveals the increasing prevalence of drug-induced lipid metabolism disorders and underscores the need for enhanced monitoring and timely updates to drug labels for high-risk medications. By leveraging real-world data and advanced signal detection methods, this research provides a robust framework for identifying emerging risks, contributing uniquely to public health and regulatory science.

Background and objectives: the causal relationship between meat intake and the development of varicose veins remains unclear. Therefore, we employed Mendelian randomization to investigate the causal associations between the consumption of 10 different types of meat and the risk of varicose veins.

Methods and study design: we selected a sample size as large as possible, consisting of independent individuals of European ancestry, for a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We conducted Mendelian randomization analysis with 10 dietary factors as exposure factors and varicose veins as the outcome. The Instrumental Variable Weighting (IVW) method was used to assess the heterogeneity of the instrumental variables (IVs), while MR-Egger regression was employed to evaluate the horizontal pleiotropy of the IVs.

Results: the IVW method indicated that meat consumption (OR = 0.68, 95 % CI [0.47-0.98], p = 0.039) and beef intake (OR = 0.5, 95 % CI [0.30-0.86], p = 0.012) were protective factors against varicose veins. Conversely, the intake of oily fish was associated with a higher risk of developing varicose veins (OR = 1.42, 95 % CI [1.01-2.00], p = 0.043). However, there was no evidence to suggest that the consumption of other types of meat has a causal relationship with varicose veins.

Conclusion: our findings suggest that oily fish intake increases the risk of varicose veins, while overall meat consumption and beef intake reduce the risk. Other dietary factors do not appear to be associated with the risk of varicose veins.

Introduction: disease-related malnutrition remains a significant clinical and care-related issue in Spain. Improving the quality of hospital food and ensuring adequate intake is essential for its prevention. Patients' perception of the hospital menu can directly influence their food consumption.

Objectives: to evaluate the satisfaction and food intake of hospitalized patients in relation to the menu served at a tertiary-level hospital, as well as the factors that influencing them.

Material and methods: cross-sectional study with consecutive data collection by means of a survey of 363 patients admitted to different units of the Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga with basal, therapeutic or individualized oral diets. Demographic variables, presence of digestive symptoms or chewing disorders, degree of intake of the hospital menu and satisfaction with different aspects of the service (temperature, presentation, preparation and schedule) were analyzed, as well as an overall assessment of the diet (scale 1-10).

Results: the mean age was 43.8 ± 25.7 years, with a mean stay of 14 ± 24.4 days among the patients surveyed. A total of 77.7 % of the respondents consumed at least half of the tray. The evaluation of the service aspects was positive in most cases (temperature: 88.1 %, preparation: 78 %, presentation: 79.6 %, schedule: 72.2 %). Overall satisfaction with the menu was 7.36 ± 2.00 points.

Conclusions: hospitalized patients showed high satisfaction with the menu received, with good acceptance in terms of temperature, presentation and food preparation. Most patients consumed an adequate proportion of their tray, which reflects an adequate performance of the hospital catering service.