Displacement experiments of the gas-oil system are performed on long core scale models by varying the petrophysical properties and flowing conditions. Experiments are conducted in situations where capillary, gravity and viscous forces are comparable. From oil production history and picture analysis, the threshold for the stability is determined. The experimental findings are comparable to the results of a gradient percolation theory. The effect of destabilized front velocity on relative permeability and residual saturation is investigated. The relative permeabilities determined by using analytical and numerical approaches indicate that higher displacement velocity leads to a higher gas relative permeability and lower oil relative permeability. The remaining oil saturation is found to be much higher for displacement velocity above the stabilized criterion. Displacement morphology including the average remaining oil saturation is then described using dimensionless groups expressed as Bond and capillary number. Experimentally determined remaining oil saturation shows a direct and inverse relation to the capillary and Bond number respectively. Hence, a combined dimensionless group has been proposed to generalize the estimation of remaining and residual oil saturations under the range of dimensionless numbers studied here.
{"title":"Gas-Oil Relative Permeability and Residual Oil Saturation as Related to Displacement Instability and Dimensionless Numbers","authors":"B. Rostami, R. Kharrat, C. Ghotbi, S. Tabatabaie","doi":"10.2516/OGST/2009038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2516/OGST/2009038","url":null,"abstract":"Displacement experiments of the gas-oil system are performed on long core scale models by varying the petrophysical properties and flowing conditions. Experiments are conducted in situations where capillary, gravity and viscous forces are comparable. From oil production history and picture analysis, the threshold for the stability is determined. The experimental findings are comparable to the results of a gradient percolation theory. The effect of destabilized front velocity on relative permeability and residual saturation is investigated. The relative permeabilities determined by using analytical and numerical approaches indicate that higher displacement velocity leads to a higher gas relative permeability and lower oil relative permeability. The remaining oil saturation is found to be much higher for displacement velocity above the stabilized criterion. Displacement morphology including the average remaining oil saturation is then described using dimensionless groups expressed as Bond and capillary number. Experimentally determined remaining oil saturation shows a direct and inverse relation to the capillary and Bond number respectively. Hence, a combined dimensionless group has been proposed to generalize the estimation of remaining and residual oil saturations under the range of dimensionless numbers studied here.","PeriodicalId":19444,"journal":{"name":"Oil & Gas Science and Technology-revue De L Institut Francais Du Petrole","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91134478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Dernotte, C. Mounaïm-Rousselle, F. Halter, P. Seers
This paper assesses different butanol–gasoline blends used in a port fuel-injection, spark-ignition engine to quantify the influence of butanol addition on the emission of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxide. Furthermore, in-cylinder pressure was measured to quantify combustion stability and to compare the ignition delay and fully developed turbulent combustion phases as given by 0%–10% and 10%–90% Mass Fraction Burned (MFB). The main findings are: 1) a 40% butanol/60% gasoline blend by volume (B40) minimizes HC emissions; 2) no significant change in NOx emissions were observed, with the exception of the 80% butanol/20% gasoline blend; 3) the addition of butanol improves combustion stability as measured by the COV of IMEP; 4) butanol added to gasoline reduces ignition delay (0%–10% MFB); and 5) the specific fuel consumption of B40 blend is within 10% of that of pure gasoline for stoichiometric mixture.
{"title":"Evaluation of Butanol–Gasoline Blends in a Port Fuel-injection, Spark-Ignition Engine","authors":"J. Dernotte, C. Mounaïm-Rousselle, F. Halter, P. Seers","doi":"10.2516/OGST/2009034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2516/OGST/2009034","url":null,"abstract":"This paper assesses different butanol–gasoline blends used in a port fuel-injection, spark-ignition engine to quantify the influence of butanol addition on the emission of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxide. Furthermore, in-cylinder pressure was measured to quantify combustion stability and to compare the ignition delay and fully developed turbulent combustion phases as given by 0%–10% and 10%–90% Mass Fraction Burned (MFB). The main findings are: 1) a 40% butanol/60% gasoline blend by volume (B40) minimizes HC emissions; 2) no significant change in NOx emissions were observed, with the exception of the 80% butanol/20% gasoline blend; 3) the addition of butanol improves combustion stability as measured by the COV of IMEP; 4) butanol added to gasoline reduces ignition delay (0%–10% MFB); and 5) the specific fuel consumption of B40 blend is within 10% of that of pure gasoline for stoichiometric mixture.","PeriodicalId":19444,"journal":{"name":"Oil & Gas Science and Technology-revue De L Institut Francais Du Petrole","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85520957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, the main physical processes governing the nucleate and transition regimes of the boiling of a liquid film were reviewed from the available experimental observations in the literature. The physical tendencies observed in most experiments have been used to develop a comprehensive phenomenological Liquid Film Boiling (LFB) model which allows the calculation of the vaporization of liquid films in the nucleate boiling regime as well as in the transition boiling regime. These regimes are identified by the temperatures of saturation, Nukiyama and Leidenfrost. A particular attention has been made concerning the estimation of Leidenfrost and Nukiyama temperatures as a function of the ambient gas pressure. Several curves of lifetime of rather bulky droplets deposited on a hot surface under various conditions and chosen among those which are available in the recent literature have been used for the validation of the LFB model. The numerical results show that the orders of magnitude and the tendencies observed experimentally are well respected. Particularly, the LFB model reproduces well the progressive disappearance of the Leidenfrost regime observed in experiments with sufficiently high gas pressures. In addition, the gradual increase of the vaporization rate with wall roughness which was previously observed experimentally near the Leidenfrost point has been correctly predicted by the LFB model.
{"title":"A Comprehensive Model for Liquid Film Boiling in Internal Combustion Engines","authors":"C. Habchi","doi":"10.2516/OGST/2009062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2516/OGST/2009062","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the main physical processes governing the nucleate and transition regimes of the boiling of a liquid film were reviewed from the available experimental observations in the literature. The physical tendencies observed in most experiments have been used to develop a comprehensive phenomenological Liquid Film Boiling (LFB) model which allows the calculation of the vaporization of liquid films in the nucleate boiling regime as well as in the transition boiling regime. These regimes are identified by the temperatures of saturation, Nukiyama and Leidenfrost. A particular attention has been made concerning the estimation of Leidenfrost and Nukiyama temperatures as a function of the ambient gas pressure. Several curves of lifetime of rather bulky droplets deposited on a hot surface under various conditions and chosen among those which are available in the recent literature have been used for the validation of the LFB model. The numerical results show that the orders of magnitude and the tendencies observed experimentally are well respected. Particularly, the LFB model reproduces well the progressive disappearance of the Leidenfrost regime observed in experiments with sufficiently high gas pressures. In addition, the gradual increase of the vaporization rate with wall roughness which was previously observed experimentally near the Leidenfrost point has been correctly predicted by the LFB model.","PeriodicalId":19444,"journal":{"name":"Oil & Gas Science and Technology-revue De L Institut Francais Du Petrole","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83854801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Une sequence de depots binaire a ete elaboree a partir d’observations de terrain. Elle s’applique a differentes echelles et a differents milieux de depots. La sequence binaire est composee de deux sequences. Chacune d’elles est subdivisee en deux cycles. Les cycles inferieurs representent les 3/5e en duree et les cycles superieurs les 2/5e . Au total, cela fait quatre cycles. Dans le detail, cette sequence binaire comprend dix termes de facies delimites par dix discontinuites dont quatre sont importantes. Ces dernieres delimitent les quatre cycles. On distingue deux « maximum flooding surface » (m.f.s.) au centre des deux cycles superieurs.
{"title":"Séquence de dépôts binaire et discontinuités associées - Exemple des séries crétacé-tertiaire du bassin Maghrébin et de l’Atlas saharien, Algérie du Nord","authors":"M. Baghli, M. Mouhoubi","doi":"10.2516/OGST/2009025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2516/OGST/2009025","url":null,"abstract":"Une sequence de depots binaire a ete elaboree a partir d’observations de terrain. Elle s’applique a differentes echelles et a differents milieux de depots. La sequence binaire est composee de deux sequences. Chacune d’elles est subdivisee en deux cycles. Les cycles inferieurs representent les 3/5e en duree et les cycles superieurs les 2/5e . Au total, cela fait quatre cycles. Dans le detail, cette sequence binaire comprend dix termes de facies delimites par dix discontinuites dont quatre sont importantes. Ces dernieres delimitent les quatre cycles. On distingue deux « maximum flooding surface » (m.f.s.) au centre des deux cycles superieurs.","PeriodicalId":19444,"journal":{"name":"Oil & Gas Science and Technology-revue De L Institut Francais Du Petrole","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87672856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emmanuel Persent, J. Guesnon, J. Leroy, F. Richard, E. Laval
This paper discusses the development of a 14-inch ID high-pressure hybrid riser (10 000 psi) for surface BOP drilling in ultra-deep water (10 000 ft). The high-pressure hybrid riser system is obtained by adapting and combining two existing technologies, previously developed by the IFP for other applications: – the Clip connector, a double breech-block type connector to provide a quick and safe connection for riser joints; – hybrid pipe technology, a steel pipe hoop-wound with tapes of carbon fibers impregnated with polyamide thermoplastic resin. IFP has developed a new 14-inch ID HP Clip connector for the hybrid riser application. The connector is capable of withstanding a 2.8 million pound tension and a 10 000 psi operating pressure. In addition, a 16-inch nominal OD hybrid riser pipe has been designed to replace the steel riser pipe with a thinnerwalled hoop-wound steel pipe. The significant weight savings that can be achieved with the hybrid riser pipe make it possible to design an effective riser architecture to withstand the high pressure and deep water requirements. Pursuant to design studies, a 14-inch ID prototype assembly consisting of two hybrid riser pipe sections with a high-pressure Clip connector was manufactured. A test program, including burst and collapse tests as well as cyclic fatigue testing, was formulated and carried out to qualify the performance of the Clip connector and hybrid riser pipe system. Completion of hybrid pipe additional fatigue testing and realization of a scale-one field testing of the hybrid riser are considered as the next steps of the project. To date, the main test results (burst, collapse, fatigue resistance) confirm that the Clip connector and the hybrid pipe technologies are well suited for ultra-deep sea drilling with a surface BOP. However, the fatigue resistance of hybrid riser pipes still needs to be better characterized.
本文讨论了一种用于超深水(10,000英尺)地面防喷器钻井的14英寸内径高压混合立管(10,000 psi)的开发。高压混合式立管系统是通过调整和结合两种现有技术获得的，这两种技术之前由IFP开发用于其他应用:Clip连接器，一种双后端块型连接器，可为立管接头提供快速安全的连接;-混合管道技术，一种用浸渍聚酰胺热塑性树脂的碳纤维带缠绕的钢管箍。IFP公司为混合式立管应用开发了一种新的14英寸ID HP Clip连接器。该连接器能够承受280万磅的张力和10,000 psi的工作压力。此外，还设计了一根16英寸的公称外径混合立管，用一根壁较薄的环形缠绕钢管取代了钢立管。混合立管可以显著减轻重量，这使得设计一种有效的立管结构成为可能，以承受高压和深水的要求。根据设计研究，制造了一个14英寸内径的原型组件，该组件由两个混合立管段和一个高压夹子连接器组成。为了验证Clip接头和混合式立管系统的性能，研究人员制定并实施了一套测试程序，包括爆裂和坍塌测试以及循环疲劳测试。完成混合管附加疲劳测试和实现混合立管的1级现场测试被认为是该项目的下一步。迄今为止，主要测试结果(爆裂、破裂、抗疲劳)证实，Clip连接器和混合管柱技术非常适合使用地面防喷器进行超深海钻井。但是，混合立管的抗疲劳性能还有待进一步研究。
{"title":"Development of a 14-inch ID High-Pressure Hybrid Riser for SBOP Drilling","authors":"Emmanuel Persent, J. Guesnon, J. Leroy, F. Richard, E. Laval","doi":"10.2516/OGST/2009044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2516/OGST/2009044","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the development of a 14-inch ID high-pressure hybrid riser (10 000 psi) for surface BOP drilling in ultra-deep water (10 000 ft). The high-pressure hybrid riser system is obtained by adapting and combining two existing technologies, previously developed by the IFP for other applications: – the Clip connector, a double breech-block type connector to provide a quick and safe connection for riser joints; – hybrid pipe technology, a steel pipe hoop-wound with tapes of carbon fibers impregnated with polyamide thermoplastic resin. IFP has developed a new 14-inch ID HP Clip connector for the hybrid riser application. The connector is capable of withstanding a 2.8 million pound tension and a 10 000 psi operating pressure. In addition, a 16-inch nominal OD hybrid riser pipe has been designed to replace the steel riser pipe with a thinnerwalled hoop-wound steel pipe. The significant weight savings that can be achieved with the hybrid riser pipe make it possible to design an effective riser architecture to withstand the high pressure and deep water requirements. Pursuant to design studies, a 14-inch ID prototype assembly consisting of two hybrid riser pipe sections with a high-pressure Clip connector was manufactured. A test program, including burst and collapse tests as well as cyclic fatigue testing, was formulated and carried out to qualify the performance of the Clip connector and hybrid riser pipe system. Completion of hybrid pipe additional fatigue testing and realization of a scale-one field testing of the hybrid riser are considered as the next steps of the project. To date, the main test results (burst, collapse, fatigue resistance) confirm that the Clip connector and the hybrid pipe technologies are well suited for ultra-deep sea drilling with a surface BOP. However, the fatigue resistance of hybrid riser pipes still needs to be better characterized.","PeriodicalId":19444,"journal":{"name":"Oil & Gas Science and Technology-revue De L Institut Francais Du Petrole","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84849618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The recent years have seen a growing awareness of the role played by fractures in petroleum reservoirs production and recovery. Hence, much effort was devoted to the diagnosis of fracture presence and impact on production. However, turning that diagnosis into field development decisions goes through reservoir simulation. This paper addresses some of the specificities of fractured reservoirs that make that their simulation is both challenging and rewarding. Indeed, the integration of fractures into a flow simulation model is not straightforward because of the existing gap between the geological fault/fracture network and the fingerprint of that network on often-complex recovery mechanisms. Considering that fractures may impede or enhance production, fractured reservoir simulation may be seen as a technical challenge with potentially-high reward. This paper underlines that specific framework as an introduction to two technical articles dedicated to dual-porosity reservoir simulation. Although it constitutes another major aspect of any fractured reservoir study, the geological characterization of fractures is not discussed herein, but only evoked because of more and more integration of static and dynamic aspects.
{"title":"Fractured Reservoir Simulation: a Challenging and Rewarding Issue","authors":"B. Bourbiaux","doi":"10.2516/OGST/2009063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2516/OGST/2009063","url":null,"abstract":"The recent years have seen a growing awareness of the role played by fractures in petroleum reservoirs production and recovery. Hence, much effort was devoted to the diagnosis of fracture presence and impact on production. However, turning that diagnosis into field development decisions goes through reservoir simulation. This paper addresses some of the specificities of fractured reservoirs that make that their simulation is both challenging and rewarding. Indeed, the integration of fractures into a flow simulation model is not straightforward because of the existing gap between the geological fault/fracture network and the fingerprint of that network on often-complex recovery mechanisms. Considering that fractures may impede or enhance production, fractured reservoir simulation may be seen as a technical challenge with potentially-high reward. This paper underlines that specific framework as an introduction to two technical articles dedicated to dual-porosity reservoir simulation. Although it constitutes another major aspect of any fractured reservoir study, the geological characterization of fractures is not discussed herein, but only evoked because of more and more integration of static and dynamic aspects.","PeriodicalId":19444,"journal":{"name":"Oil & Gas Science and Technology-revue De L Institut Francais Du Petrole","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80952775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. J. Rad, M. Gorjiinst, Mojtaba Keshavarz, Hesameddin Safari, S. Jazayeri
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of injection parameters on a heavy duty diesel engine performance and emission characteristics. In order to analyze the injection and spray characteristics of diesel fuel with employing high-pressure common-rail injection system, the injection characteristics such as injection delay, injection duration, and injection rate and number of nozzle holes were investigated by using a quasi-dimensional model. In the present work, the variety of injection rate is performed at various injection parameters where as performance and emission of the engine will be simulated subsequently. Finally the best injection system for a high efficiency and low NO x emission heavy duty diesel engine was investigated.
{"title":"An Investigation on Injection Characteristics of Direct-Injected Heavy Duty Diesel Engine by Means of Multi-Zone Spray Modeling Étude sur les caractéristiques d’injection d’un moteur Diesel industriel à injection directe au moyen de la modélisation multi-zones de la pulvérisation","authors":"G. J. Rad, M. Gorjiinst, Mojtaba Keshavarz, Hesameddin Safari, S. Jazayeri","doi":"10.2516/OGST/2009048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2516/OGST/2009048","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of injection parameters on a heavy duty diesel engine performance and emission characteristics. In order to analyze the injection and spray characteristics of diesel fuel with employing high-pressure common-rail injection system, the injection characteristics such as injection delay, injection duration, and injection rate and number of nozzle holes were investigated by using a quasi-dimensional model. In the present work, the variety of injection rate is performed at various injection parameters where as performance and emission of the engine will be simulated subsequently. Finally the best injection system for a high efficiency and low NO x emission heavy duty diesel engine was investigated.","PeriodicalId":19444,"journal":{"name":"Oil & Gas Science and Technology-revue De L Institut Francais Du Petrole","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80367884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Keulen, A. G. D. Jager, A. Serrarens, M. Steinbuch
To benchmark a hybrid vehicle’s Energy Management Strategy (EMS) usually a given, often certified, velocity trajectory is exploited. In this paper it is reasoned that it is also beneficial to optimize the velocity trajectory. Especially optimizing the vehicle braking trajectories, through maximization of energy recuperation, results in considerable fuel savings on the same traveled distance. Given future route (target velocities as function of traveled distance/location), traffic, and possibly weather information, together with the vehicle’s road load parameters, the future power request trajectory can be estimated. Dynamic Programming (DP) techniques can then be used to predict the optimal power split trajectory for the upcoming route, such that a desired state-of-charge at the end of the route is reached. The DP solution is re-calculated at a certain rate in order to adapt to changing conditions, e.g. , traffic conditions, and used in a lower level real-time EMS to guarantee both battery state-of-charge as well as minimal fuel consumption.
{"title":"Optimal Energy Management in Hybrid Electric Trucks Using Route Information","authors":"T. Keulen, A. G. D. Jager, A. Serrarens, M. Steinbuch","doi":"10.2516/OGST/2009026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2516/OGST/2009026","url":null,"abstract":"To benchmark a hybrid vehicle’s Energy Management Strategy (EMS) usually a given, often certified, velocity trajectory is exploited. In this paper it is reasoned that it is also beneficial to optimize the velocity trajectory. Especially optimizing the vehicle braking trajectories, through maximization of energy recuperation, results in considerable fuel savings on the same traveled distance. Given future route (target velocities as function of traveled distance/location), traffic, and possibly weather information, together with the vehicle’s road load parameters, the future power request trajectory can be estimated. Dynamic Programming (DP) techniques can then be used to predict the optimal power split trajectory for the upcoming route, such that a desired state-of-charge at the end of the route is reached. The DP solution is re-calculated at a certain rate in order to adapt to changing conditions, e.g. , traffic conditions, and used in a lower level real-time EMS to guarantee both battery state-of-charge as well as minimal fuel consumption.","PeriodicalId":19444,"journal":{"name":"Oil & Gas Science and Technology-revue De L Institut Francais Du Petrole","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78362458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ivanco, G. Colin, Y. Chamaillard, A. Charlet, P. Higelin
This paper presents energy management strategies for a new hybrid pneumatic engine concept which is specific by its configuration in that it is not the vehicle but only the engine itself which is hybridized. Different energy management strategies are proposed in this paper. The first is called Causal Strategy (CS) and implements a rule-based control technique. The second strategy, called Constant Penalty Coefficient (CPC), is based on the minimization of equivalent consumption, where the use of each energy source is formulated in a comparative unit. The balance between the consumption of different energy sources (chemical or pneumatic) is achieved by the introduction of an equivalence factor. The third strategy is called Variable Penalty Coefficient (VPC). In fact, it is beneficial to consider the equivalence coefficient as variable within the amount of pneumatic energy stored in the air-tank i.e. state of charge, because the choice of propulsion mode should be different if the tank is full or empty. In this case, the penalty coefficient appears as a non linear function of the air-tank state of charge. Another way to adapt the penalty coefficient is to recognize a reference pattern during the driving cycle. The coefficient value can then be changed according to an optimized value found for each of the reference cycles. This strategy is called Driving Pattern Recognition (DPR). It involves a technique of sliding window pattern recognition. The concept is to convert the whole driving cycle into smaller pieces to which the equivalence factor can be appropriately adapted. This strategy is based on the assumption that the current driving situation does not change rapidly and thus the pattern is likely to continue into the near future. The identification window size is a parameter which has to be adjusted to attain the maximum of identification success over the reference cycle. We propose to define reference patterns as statistical models. The pattern recognition method is based on a correlation function. To improve analysis, all the results obtained with different energy management strategies are compared with a Dynamic Programming approach (DP) considered as the optimal solution. Results show that about 40% of fuel saving can be achieved by DP. The VPC and DPR strategies give better results than the CPC strategy, not so far from the results obtained with DP.
{"title":"Energy Management Strategies for a Pneumatic-Hybrid Engine Based on Sliding Window Pattern Recognition","authors":"A. Ivanco, G. Colin, Y. Chamaillard, A. Charlet, P. Higelin","doi":"10.2516/OGST/2009045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2516/OGST/2009045","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents energy management strategies for a new hybrid pneumatic engine concept which is specific by its configuration in that it is not the vehicle but only the engine itself which is hybridized. Different energy management strategies are proposed in this paper. The first is called Causal Strategy (CS) and implements a rule-based control technique. The second strategy, called Constant Penalty Coefficient (CPC), is based on the minimization of equivalent consumption, where the use of each energy source is formulated in a comparative unit. The balance between the consumption of different energy sources (chemical or pneumatic) is achieved by the introduction of an equivalence factor. The third strategy is called Variable Penalty Coefficient (VPC). In fact, it is beneficial to consider the equivalence coefficient as variable within the amount of pneumatic energy stored in the air-tank i.e. state of charge, because the choice of propulsion mode should be different if the tank is full or empty. In this case, the penalty coefficient appears as a non linear function of the air-tank state of charge. Another way to adapt the penalty coefficient is to recognize a reference pattern during the driving cycle. The coefficient value can then be changed according to an optimized value found for each of the reference cycles. This strategy is called Driving Pattern Recognition (DPR). It involves a technique of sliding window pattern recognition. The concept is to convert the whole driving cycle into smaller pieces to which the equivalence factor can be appropriately adapted. This strategy is based on the assumption that the current driving situation does not change rapidly and thus the pattern is likely to continue into the near future. The identification window size is a parameter which has to be adjusted to attain the maximum of identification success over the reference cycle. We propose to define reference patterns as statistical models. The pattern recognition method is based on a correlation function. To improve analysis, all the results obtained with different energy management strategies are compared with a Dynamic Programming approach (DP) considered as the optimal solution. Results show that about 40% of fuel saving can be achieved by DP. The VPC and DPR strategies give better results than the CPC strategy, not so far from the results obtained with DP.","PeriodicalId":19444,"journal":{"name":"Oil & Gas Science and Technology-revue De L Institut Francais Du Petrole","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83392581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Sauvant-Moynot, J. Bernard, R. Mingant, A. Delaille, F. Mattera, S. Mailley, Jean-Luc Hognon, F. Huet
ALIDISSI is a French research project aiming at evaluating Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) as a diagnosis tool for Li-ion batteries to be used in future Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) and on-grid photovoltaic (PV) systems. This paper describes the project methodology. A review of ageing mechanisms in lithium-ion batteries is proposed first to point out the main processes reported in the literature and their related accelerating factors. The accelerating ageing profiles developed in this project to accelerate ageing in lithium-ion batteries are described next for both applications. Preliminary results obtained on 3-electrode prototype pouch cells made with traditional electrode couple like LiNiCoAlO2 /LiC6 and a promising electrode couple (LiFePO4 /Li4 Ti5 O12 ) are also presented in the last part of this work.
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