Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.52532/2521-6414-2022-3-65-47-51
K. Smagulova, I. Turkpenova, D. Shayakhmetova, A. Dzhumanov, S. Yessenkulova
Relevance: According to Globocan 2020, colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence in Kazakhstan is lower than in all OECD countries except Mexico. However, the CRC incidence in Kazakhstan is steadily growing. In the structure of cancer incidence, CRC went up from 5th place in 2006 to 3rd place in 2021. More than 80% of tumors associated with Lynch syndrome were found to have microsatellite instability (MSI). Thus, MSI is detected in 12% of sporadic colon tumors. At that, MSI in the tumor is caused by a decreased activity of DNA repair genes that can be due to both hereditary and somatic causes. The study aimed to systematize the current literature data to consider the need and adequacy of pre-scribing preventive chemotherapy, personalizing the treatment of patients, and predicting the course of the disease in CRC. Methods: A review was made of the published results of scientific and clinical studies for 2006-2021 from the PubMed, MedLine, and Cancer Observe database for the keywords “colon cancer,” “microsatellite resistance,” “adjuvant chemotherapy,” “PCR study,” “IGH-study.” Results: The value and adequacy of determining the IHC characteristics of the MSI status. The prognostic and predictive value of MSI in CRC has been proven. The optimal treatment options were determined depending on the status of MSI. Conclusion: Tumors with certain MSI status should be classified as a separate group of malignancies. Instability status determination is preferred in case of suspected Lynch syndrome, in patients with stage II CRC, as well as in clinical and histological features characteristic of MSI (proximal localization of the primary tumor, mucinous histotype, poorly differentiated tumors, lymphocytic infiltration of the tumor). Further determination of these tumors’ molecular characteristics will help stratify patients who may respond differently to chemotherapy. Also, the MSI status determination can be an importnant prognostic marker in patients whose tumors have a somatic mutation in the BRAF gene
{"title":"THE ROLE OF MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY IN COLORECTAL CANCER: \u0000LITERATURE REVIEW","authors":"K. Smagulova, I. Turkpenova, D. Shayakhmetova, A. Dzhumanov, S. Yessenkulova","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2022-3-65-47-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2022-3-65-47-51","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: According to Globocan 2020, colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence in Kazakhstan is lower than in all OECD countries except \u0000Mexico. However, the CRC incidence in Kazakhstan is steadily growing. In the structure of cancer incidence, CRC went up from 5th place in 2006 \u0000to 3rd place in 2021. More than 80% of tumors associated with Lynch syndrome were found to have microsatellite instability (MSI). Thus, MSI is \u0000detected in 12% of sporadic colon tumors. At that, MSI in the tumor is caused by a decreased activity of DNA repair genes that can be due to both \u0000hereditary and somatic causes. \u0000The study aimed to systematize the current literature data to consider the need and adequacy of pre-scribing preventive chemotherapy, personalizing the treatment of patients, and predicting the course of the disease in CRC. \u0000Methods: A review was made of the published results of scientific and clinical studies for 2006-2021 from the PubMed, MedLine, and Cancer \u0000Observe database for the keywords “colon cancer,” “microsatellite resistance,” “adjuvant chemotherapy,” “PCR study,” “IGH-study.” \u0000Results: The value and adequacy of determining the IHC characteristics of the MSI status. The prognostic and predictive value of MSI in CRC \u0000has been proven. The optimal treatment options were determined depending on the status of MSI. \u0000Conclusion: Tumors with certain MSI status should be classified as a separate group of malignancies. Instability status determination is \u0000preferred in case of suspected Lynch syndrome, in patients with stage II CRC, as well as in clinical and histological features characteristic of MSI \u0000(proximal localization of the primary tumor, mucinous histotype, poorly differentiated tumors, lymphocytic infiltration of the tumor). Further determination of these tumors’ molecular characteristics will help stratify patients who may respond differently to chemotherapy. Also, the MSI status \u0000determination can be an importnant prognostic marker in patients whose tumors have a somatic mutation in the BRAF gene","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90898528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.52532/2521-6414-2022-3-65-19-23
R. Aringazina, N. Zholdassova, Zh. Nurgaliyeva, B. Kurmanalin, I. Kaibagarova
Relevance: Metabolic disorders often take on a systemic character. It affects carbohydrate, lipid, and hormonal metabolism. Moreover, these changes promote the development and aggravation of several pathologies. The prevalence of metabolic disorders, including obesity, is increasing world-wide and in Kazakhstan. The study focused on the clinical characteristics of metabolic syndrome (MS) components in pa-tients with cancer comorbidities. Methods: The materials included medical records of cancer patients with MS – 35 people (main group) and non-cancerous patients with MS – 35 people (control group). MS was diagnosed with a combination of three symptoms: abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. The data were analyzed and processed using the STATIS-TICA 10 software package. The significance criterion was p<0.05. Results: All studied patients were diagnosed with abdominal obesity. Indicators analysis showed a significant difference in HDL-C concentration in the main and control groups: 3.8 mmol/l in cancer patients and 5.7 mmol/l in the controls. No significant difference in blood pressure was found. Conclusion: The age of patients with MS evidences a threatening tendency to develop metabolic disorders in young and middle ages. A significantly lower concentration of LDL-C in cancer patients compared with the controls allows using this parameter to predict cancer ]development in patients diagnosed with MS. Thus, HDL-C concentration could be used as a metabolic marker for pre-symptomatic diagnostics.
{"title":"ABSTRACT METABOLIC DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH ONCOLOGIC PATHOLOGY","authors":"R. Aringazina, N. Zholdassova, Zh. Nurgaliyeva, B. Kurmanalin, I. Kaibagarova","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2022-3-65-19-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2022-3-65-19-23","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Metabolic disorders often take on a systemic character. It affects carbohydrate, lipid, and hormonal metabolism. Moreover, these \u0000changes promote the development and aggravation of several pathologies. The prevalence of metabolic disorders, including obesity, is increasing \u0000world-wide and in Kazakhstan. \u0000The study focused on the clinical characteristics of metabolic syndrome (MS) components in pa-tients with cancer comorbidities. \u0000Methods: The materials included medical records of cancer patients with MS – 35 people (main group) and non-cancerous patients with \u0000MS – 35 people (control group). MS was diagnosed with a combination of three symptoms: abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. The data were analyzed and processed using the STATIS-TICA 10 software package. \u0000 The significance criterion was p<0.05. \u0000Results: All studied patients were diagnosed with abdominal obesity. Indicators analysis showed a significant difference in HDL-C concentration in the main and control groups: 3.8 mmol/l in cancer patients and 5.7 mmol/l in the controls. No significant difference in blood pressure was \u0000found. \u0000Conclusion: The age of patients with MS evidences a threatening tendency to develop metabolic disorders in young and middle ages. A significantly lower concentration of LDL-C in cancer patients compared with the controls allows using this parameter to predict cancer ]development in \u0000patients diagnosed with MS. Thus, HDL-C concentration could be used as a metabolic marker for pre-symptomatic diagnostics.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84664056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.52532/2521-6414-2022-3-65-37-41
R. Kumisbekova, N. Shanazarov, B. Bimbetov, M. Tuleutaev, D. Nigmetulla, E. Zhapparov
Relevance: Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of female cancer mortality worldwide. The constant development of treatment strategies and diagnostic tools has increased the survival rate for BC. Next-generation genome sequencing (NGS) identifies the genetic changes responsible for tumor emergence, development, and metastasis. NGS has expanded the capacities of BC diagnostics, treatment, and early prevention in women. The study aimed to identify breast cancer risk factors in women. Methods: Publications were obtained from the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and eLibrary. The depth of the search was 5 to 10 years. As a result, 100 literary sources were identified, of which 26 publications formed the scientific material for this review. Results: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease driven by genetic abnormalities and epigenetic alterations. Conclusion: Gene mutations do not change. Genetic testing shall be introduced and used as a preventive measure to reduce BC incidence. Lifestyle-related BC risk factors can be modified to reduce BC risk.
{"title":"MODERN VIEW ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BREAST CANCER: \u0000A LITERATURE REVIEW","authors":"R. Kumisbekova, N. Shanazarov, B. Bimbetov, M. Tuleutaev, D. Nigmetulla, E. Zhapparov","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2022-3-65-37-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2022-3-65-37-41","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of female cancer mortality worldwide. The constant development of treatment strategies \u0000and diagnostic tools has increased the survival rate for BC. Next-generation genome sequencing (NGS) identifies the genetic changes responsible \u0000for tumor emergence, development, and metastasis. NGS has expanded the capacities of BC diagnostics, treatment, and early prevention in women. \u0000The study aimed to identify breast cancer risk factors in women. \u0000Methods: Publications were obtained from the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and eLibrary. The depth of the search was 5 to \u000010 years. As a result, 100 literary sources were identified, of which 26 publications formed the scientific material for this review. \u0000Results: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease driven by genetic abnormalities and epigenetic alterations. \u0000Conclusion: Gene mutations do not change. Genetic testing shall be introduced and used as a preventive measure to reduce BC incidence. \u0000Lifestyle-related BC risk factors can be modified to reduce BC risk.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78507874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.52532/2521-6414-2022-3-65-12-18
I. Pivovarova, L. Turgunova, A. Klodzinsky, M. Butyugina, M. Kakhanova, N. Antonova
Relevance: The achievement of complex goals facing medical organizations is largely determined by the ability to solve problems considering the available and expected resources. Project Management Office (PMO) is a business tool that effectively supports achieving goals. Availability of reliable information on incidence, therapeutic solutions, treatment outcomes, and survival of patients with oncohematological diseases is a prerequisite for introducing modern diagnostics, high-tech treatment methods, and providing quality medical care. The article describes the experience of the Center for Hematology LLP Project Management Office as a tool to create a database of patients with hemoblastosis. The research aimed to evaluate the results of the effectiveness of the Project Management Office at the Hematology Center LLP in studying the approaches to treatment and their effectiveness in patients with oncohematological diseases. Methods: We analyzed the operation of the PMO, established in November 2020 at the Hematology Center LLP. The project office was tasked to analyze the data of patients with oncohematological diseases who were treated at the Hematology Center LLP branch in Ust-Kamenogorsk ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ 18 Онкология и радиология Казахстана, №3 (65) 2022 from 2015 to 2021 and at the Karaganda branch from 2018 to 2021. Data obtained from the Hematology Center LLP information system was used to create a database of patients with oncohematological diseases, capable of calculating nosological structure based on the line of therapy and making a patient’s profile to select a treatment regimen. Results: The conditions for the PMO operation were described: a plan, a specific result, a specially organized team, and a time interval; the PMO operating effectiveness was analyzed. The resulting data made it possible to assess the volume, level, and effectiveness of medical and diagnostic care for the mentioned nosologies to justify improving the existing patient examination and routing system. Conclusion: The activities of the Center for Hematology LLP Project Management Office to study the structure and effectiveness of treating patients with oncohematological diseases proved the viability of using the project management approach in medical organizations.
{"title":"HEMATOLOGY CENTER LLP PROJECT OFFICE ORGANIZATION EXPERIENCE","authors":"I. Pivovarova, L. Turgunova, A. Klodzinsky, M. Butyugina, M. Kakhanova, N. Antonova","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2022-3-65-12-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2022-3-65-12-18","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: The achievement of complex goals facing medical organizations is largely determined by the ability to solve problems considering \u0000the available and expected resources. Project Management Office (PMO) is a business tool that effectively supports achieving goals. Availability of \u0000reliable information on incidence, therapeutic solutions, treatment outcomes, and survival of patients with oncohematological diseases is a prerequisite for introducing modern diagnostics, high-tech treatment methods, and providing quality medical care. The article describes the experience \u0000of the Center for Hematology LLP Project Management Office as a tool to create a database of patients with hemoblastosis. \u0000The research aimed to evaluate the results of the effectiveness of the Project Management Office at the Hematology Center LLP in studying the \u0000approaches to treatment and their effectiveness in patients with oncohematological diseases. \u0000Methods: We analyzed the operation of the PMO, established in November 2020 at the Hematology Center LLP. The project office was tasked \u0000to analyze the data of patients with oncohematological diseases who were treated at the Hematology Center LLP branch in Ust-Kamenogorsk \u0000ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ \u000018 Онкология и радиология Казахстана, №3 (65) 2022 \u0000from 2015 to 2021 and at the Karaganda branch from 2018 to 2021. Data obtained from the Hematology Center LLP information system was used \u0000to create a database of patients with oncohematological diseases, capable of calculating nosological structure based on the line of therapy and \u0000making a patient’s profile to select a treatment regimen. \u0000Results: The conditions for the PMO operation were described: a plan, a specific result, a specially organized team, and a time interval; the \u0000PMO operating effectiveness was analyzed. The resulting data made it possible to assess the volume, level, and effectiveness of medical and diagnostic care for the mentioned nosologies to justify improving the existing patient examination and routing system. \u0000Conclusion: The activities of the Center for Hematology LLP Project Management Office to study the structure and effectiveness of treating \u0000patients with oncohematological diseases proved the viability of using the project management approach in medical organizations.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79210360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.52532/2663-4864-2022-3-65-19-23
R. Aringazina, N. Zholdassova, Zh. Nurgaliyeva, B. Kurmanalin, I. Kaibagarova
Relevance: Metabolic disorders often take on a systemic character. It affects carbohydrate, lipid, and hormonal metabolism. Moreover, these changes promote the development and aggravation of several pathologies. The prevalence of metabolic disorders, including obesity, is increasing worldwide and in Kazakhstan. The study focused on the clinical characteristics of metabolic syndrome (MS) components in patients with cancer comorbidities. Methods: The materials included medical records of cancer patients with MS – 35 people (main group) and non-cancerous patients with MS – 35 people (control group). MS was diagnosed with a combination of three symptoms: abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. The data were analyzed and processed using the STATIS-TICA 10 software package. The significance criterion was p<0.05. Results: All studied patients were diagnosed with abdominal obesity. Indicators analysis showed a significant difference in HDL-C concentration in the main and control groups: 3.8 mmol/L in cancer patients and 5.7 mmol/L in the controls. No significant difference in blood pressure was found. Conclusion: The age of patients with MS evidences a threatening tendency to develop metabolic disorders in young and middle ages. A significantly lower concentration of LDL-C in cancer patients compared with the controls allows using this parameter to predict cancer ]development in patients diagnosed with MS. Thus, HDL-C concentration could be used as a metabolic marker for pre-symptomatic diagnostics.
{"title":"METABOLIC DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH ONCOLOGIC PATHOLOGY","authors":"R. Aringazina, N. Zholdassova, Zh. Nurgaliyeva, B. Kurmanalin, I. Kaibagarova","doi":"10.52532/2663-4864-2022-3-65-19-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2663-4864-2022-3-65-19-23","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Metabolic disorders often take on a systemic character. It affects carbohydrate, lipid, and hormonal metabolism. Moreover, \u0000these changes promote the development and aggravation of several pathologies. The prevalence of metabolic disorders, including obesity, \u0000is increasing worldwide and in Kazakhstan. \u0000The study focused on the clinical characteristics of metabolic syndrome (MS) components in patients with cancer comorbidities. \u0000Methods: The materials included medical records of cancer patients with MS – 35 people (main group) and non-cancerous patients \u0000with MS – 35 people (control group). MS was diagnosed with a combination of three symptoms: abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, \u0000and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. The data were analyzed and processed using the STATIS-TICA 10 \u0000software package. The significance criterion was p<0.05. \u0000Results: All studied patients were diagnosed with abdominal obesity. Indicators analysis showed a significant difference in HDL-C \u0000concentration in the main and control groups: 3.8 mmol/L in cancer patients and 5.7 mmol/L in the controls. No significant difference in \u0000blood pressure was found. \u0000Conclusion: The age of patients with MS evidences a threatening tendency to develop metabolic disorders in young and middle ages. \u0000A significantly lower concentration of LDL-C in cancer patients compared with the controls allows using this parameter to predict cancer \u0000]development in patients diagnosed with MS. Thus, HDL-C concentration could be used as a metabolic marker for pre-symptomatic \u0000diagnostics.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84844703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.52532/2521-6414-2022-3-65-32-36
A. Murzakhmetova, V. Kemaikin, A. Ainabay, A. Meiramova, B. Ainabekova
Relevance: Acute renal kidney disorder is a serious complication in patients with acute leukemia who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). According to statistics, acute renal dysfunction often occurs in the first 100 days after HSCT. This study aimed to evaluate kidney function in patients with acute leukemia after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Methods: The article presents clinical cases of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who developed acute renal failure after HSCT. The dynamics of the functional state of kidneys in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia after HSCT are described. Results: The acute kidney disorder in the studied patients was mainly caused by HSCT complications. We have identified renal kidney damage in the form of acute tumor lysis and thrombotic microangiopathy. Conclusion: Patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk developing acute kidney disorder during HSCT, which requires careful monitoring of kidney function, especially in the early post-transplant period.
{"title":"ACUTE RENAL DISORDER IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE LEUKEMIA \u0000AFTER HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION: \u0000A SERIES OF CLINICAL CASES","authors":"A. Murzakhmetova, V. Kemaikin, A. Ainabay, A. Meiramova, B. Ainabekova","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2022-3-65-32-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2022-3-65-32-36","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Acute renal kidney disorder is a serious complication in patients with acute leukemia who underwent hematopoietic stem cell \u0000transplantation (HSCT). According to statistics, acute renal dysfunction often occurs in the first 100 days after HSCT. \u0000This study aimed to evaluate kidney function in patients with acute leukemia after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. \u0000Methods: The article presents clinical cases of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who developed acute renal failure after HSCT. The \u0000dynamics of the functional state of kidneys in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia after HSCT are described. \u0000Results: The acute kidney disorder in the studied patients was mainly caused by HSCT complications. We have identified renal kidney damage \u0000in the form of acute tumor lysis and thrombotic microangiopathy. \u0000Conclusion: Patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk developing acute kidney disorder during HSCT, which requires careful monitoring of kidney function, especially in the early post-transplant period.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75992890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.52532/2663-4864-2022-3-65-37-41
R. Kumisbekova, N. Shanazarov, B. Bimbetov, M. Tuleutaev, D. Nigmetulla, E. Zhapparov
Relevance: Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of worldwide female cancer mortality. The constant development of treatment strategies and diagnostic tools has increased the survival rate for BC. Next-generation genome sequencing (NGS) identifies the genetic changes responsible for tumor emergence, development, and metastasis. NGS has expanded the capacities of BC diagnostics, treatment, and early prevention in women. The study aimed to identify breast cancer risk factors in women. Methods: Publications were obtained from the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and eLibrary. The depth of the search was 5 to 10 years. As a result, 100 literary sources were identified, of which 26 publications formed the scientific material for this review. Results: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease driven by genetic abnormalities and epigenetic alterations. Conclusion: Gene mutations do not change. Genetic testing shall be introduced as a preventive measure to reduce BC incidence. Lifestyle-related BC risk factors can be addressed to minimize BC risk.
{"title":"CURRENT VIEW ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BREAST CANCER: A LITERATURE REVIEW","authors":"R. Kumisbekova, N. Shanazarov, B. Bimbetov, M. Tuleutaev, D. Nigmetulla, E. Zhapparov","doi":"10.52532/2663-4864-2022-3-65-37-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2663-4864-2022-3-65-37-41","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of worldwide female cancer mortality. The constant development of treatment \u0000strategies and diagnostic tools has increased the survival rate for BC. Next-generation genome sequencing (NGS) identifies the genetic \u0000changes responsible for tumor emergence, development, and metastasis. NGS has expanded the capacities of BC diagnostics, treatment, \u0000and early prevention in women. \u0000The study aimed to identify breast cancer risk factors in women. \u0000Methods: Publications were obtained from the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and eLibrary. The depth of the search \u0000was 5 to 10 years. As a result, 100 literary sources were identified, of which 26 publications formed the scientific material for this review. \u0000Results: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease driven by genetic abnormalities and epigenetic alterations. \u0000Conclusion: Gene mutations do not change. Genetic testing shall be introduced as a preventive measure to reduce BC incidence. \u0000Lifestyle-related BC risk factors can be addressed to minimize BC risk.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88720840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.52532/2521-6414-2022-3-65-24-31
B. Kaliyev, R. Rakhimzhanova, T. Dautov, L. Bastarbekova, Zh. Moldakhanova, A. Kabdullina, A. Bimakhan
Relevance: Cardioembolism is one of the major causes of ischemic strokes and accounts for 15-30% of all cerebral infarctions. Atrial fibrillation (AF) accounts for up to 60% of cardioembolic strokes. Assessing thromboembolic risk is important for patients with AF; however, these concerns do not apply equally to men and women. The study aimed to determine gender differences in echocardiographic and computed tomography characteristics of patients with atrial fibrillation. Methods: The included 202 patients underwent both transthoracic echocardiography and computed tomography. We excluded patients with allergies to iodide, increased creatinine levels, hyperthyroidism, pregnancy, and age <18 years. Results: An increase in BMI by 1 kg/m2 in female patients increased the risk of left-atrium appendage (LAA) thrombus by 10% (OR=1,1, p=0.019). The yearly increase in the age of women lowers the risk of LAA thrombosis by 6% (OR=0,94, р=0,01). Each increase of EDD in women to 1 cm raises the risk of LAA thrombosis by 151% (OR=2,51, p=0.031). Each increase of ESV and EDV in women to 1 ml raises the risk of LAA thrombosis by 4% and 3%, respectively (p<0.05). Each increase of LVESVI and LVEDVI in female patients to 1 ml/m2 raises the risk of LAA thrombosis by 6% and 5%, respectively (p<0.05). Older age, higher CHA2 -DS2 -VASc, HAS-BLED scores, and enlarger LA in male patients were significantly associated with LAA thrombosis. The yearly increase in the age of men increases the risk of LAA thrombosis by 5% (OR=1.05, p=0.012). Men with coronary atherosclerosis at risk of thrombosis by 224% (OR=3,24, p=0.002). Conclusion: Understanding gender differences may help clinicians provide better care to individuals with AF
{"title":"GENDER DIFFERENCES IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION SHOWN BY TRANSTHORACIC ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY","authors":"B. Kaliyev, R. Rakhimzhanova, T. Dautov, L. Bastarbekova, Zh. Moldakhanova, A. Kabdullina, A. Bimakhan","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2022-3-65-24-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2022-3-65-24-31","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Cardioembolism is one of the major causes of ischemic strokes and accounts for 15-30% of all cerebral infarctions. Atrial \u0000fibrillation (AF) accounts for up to 60% of cardioembolic strokes. Assessing thromboembolic risk is important for patients with AF; however, these concerns do not apply equally to men and women. \u0000The study aimed to determine gender differences in echocardiographic and computed tomography characteristics of patients with \u0000atrial fibrillation. \u0000Methods: The included 202 patients underwent both transthoracic echocardiography and computed tomography. We excluded patients \u0000with allergies to iodide, increased creatinine levels, hyperthyroidism, pregnancy, and age <18 years. \u0000Results: An increase in BMI by 1 kg/m2 \u0000 in female patients increased the risk of left-atrium appendage (LAA) thrombus by 10% (OR=1,1, \u0000p=0.019). The yearly increase in the age of women lowers the risk of LAA thrombosis by 6% (OR=0,94, р=0,01). Each increase of EDD in \u0000women to 1 cm raises the risk of LAA thrombosis by 151% (OR=2,51, p=0.031). Each increase of ESV and EDV in women to 1 ml raises the \u0000risk of LAA thrombosis by 4% and 3%, respectively (p<0.05). Each increase of LVESVI and LVEDVI in female patients to 1 ml/m2 raises the \u0000risk of LAA thrombosis by 6% and 5%, respectively (p<0.05). \u0000Older age, higher CHA2 \u0000-DS2 \u0000-VASc, HAS-BLED scores, and enlarger LA in male patients were significantly associated with LAA \u0000thrombosis. \u0000The yearly increase in the age of men increases the risk of LAA thrombosis by 5% (OR=1.05, p=0.012). Men with coronary atherosclerosis at risk of thrombosis by 224% (OR=3,24, p=0.002). \u0000Conclusion: Understanding gender differences may help clinicians provide better care to individuals with AF","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91123004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.52532/2663-4864-2022-3-65-4-11
V. Makarov, D. Kaidarova, S. Yessentayeva, J. Kalmatayeva, М. Мansurova, N. Каdyrbek, R. Kadyrbayeva, S. Оlzhayev, I. Novikov
Relevance: The 5-year overall survival rate(s) in NSCLC p-stage IA is 73%, and the recurrence rate in radically treated patients is almost 10%. The study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of several clinical and morphological factors and apply machine learning algorithms to predict the results of the overall survival of patients with lung cancer. Methods: The forms 030-6/y C34 – lung cancer (n=19,379) from the EROB database for 2014-2018 were analyzed, and the impact of risk factors on overall survival was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Accordingly, the training data set for constructing forecasting models included 19,379 observations and 15 factors. The machine learning algorithms such as Random Forest Classifier, Gradient Boosting Classifier, Logistic Regression Model, Decision Tree Classifier, and K Nearest Neighbors (KNN) Classifier were implemented in the Python programming language. The results were evaluated by constructing an error matrix and calculating classification metrics: the proportion of correctly classified objects (accuracy) during training and validation (validation), accuracy (precision), completeness (recall), Kappa-Cohen. Results: In our study, 19,379 patients were analyzed, including 15,494 men (79.95%) and 3,885 women (20.04%). At the time of the study, 6,171 men (39.8%) and 1,962 women (49.5%) were alive. Median survival was 8.3 months (SE – 0.154 months, 95% CI – 7.96-8.56) in men and 15.43 months (SE – 1.0 months, 95% CI – 13.497-17.363) in women. At diagnosis, 1,037 patients (5.35%) had stage I disease, and 4,145 (21.38%) had stage II. Most patients (61.4%) had advanced stage NSCLC: 9,189 people (47.4%) were diagnosed with stage III, and 4,655 (24%) – with stage IV. The reliability of differences in median survival (χ2=3991.6, p=0.00) indicated the prognostic significance of the tumor process stage and its influence on the patient’s survival. Also, the revealed significant difference in the median survival of patients with various morphological forms of lung cancer suggests the prognostic significance of the morphological factor (the difference between those indicators was statistically significant, χ2=623.4 p=0.000). Conclusion: Machine learning models can predict the risk of fatal outcomes for patients after surgical treatment and registration in the EROB database. The creation of patient-oriented systems to support medical decision-making makes it possible to choose the optimal strategies for adjuvant therapy, dispensary observation, and frequency of diagnostic studies.
相关性:NSCLC p期IA的5年总生存率为73%，根治患者的复发率几乎为10%。本研究旨在评估几种临床和形态学因素的预后意义，并应用机器学习算法预测肺癌患者的总生存结果。方法:对EROB数据库2014-2018年030-6/y C34 -肺癌(n= 19379)进行分析，采用Kaplan-Meier法评估危险因素对总生存期的影响。因此，构建预测模型的训练数据集包括19,379个观测值和15个因子。随机森林分类器、梯度增强分类器、逻辑回归模型、决策树分类器、K近邻分类器等机器学习算法在Python编程语言中实现。通过构建误差矩阵并计算分类指标对结果进行评价:训练和验证过程中正确分类对象的比例(准确率)、准确性(精密度)、完备性(召回率)、Kappa-Cohen。结果:本研究共纳入19379例患者，其中男性15494例(79.95%)，女性3885例(20.04%)。在研究期间，6171名男性(39.8%)和1962名女性(49.5%)还活着。男性的中位生存期为8.3个月(SE - 0.154个月，95% CI - 7.96-8.56)，女性为15.43个月(SE - 1.0个月，95% CI - 13.497-17.363)。诊断时，1037例患者(5.35%)为I期疾病，4145例(21.38%)为II期疾病。大多数患者(61.4%)为晚期NSCLC: 9189人(47.4%)诊断为III期，4655人(24%)诊断为IV期。中位生存差异的信度(χ2=3991.6, p=0.00)表明肿瘤进展阶段及其对患者生存的影响具有预后意义。不同形态肺癌患者的中位生存期差异有统计学意义(χ2=623.4 p=0.000)，说明形态因素对预后的影响有统计学意义。结论:机器学习模型可以预测手术治疗和EROB数据库登记后患者死亡结局的风险。创建以患者为导向的系统来支持医疗决策，使得选择辅助治疗、药房观察和诊断研究频率的最佳策略成为可能。
{"title":"USING MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS TO DEVELOP A MODEL FOR PREDICTING THE SURVIVAL OF LUNG CANCER PATIENTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN","authors":"V. Makarov, D. Kaidarova, S. Yessentayeva, J. Kalmatayeva, М. Мansurova, N. Каdyrbek, R. Kadyrbayeva, S. Оlzhayev, I. Novikov","doi":"10.52532/2663-4864-2022-3-65-4-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2663-4864-2022-3-65-4-11","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: The 5-year overall survival rate(s) in NSCLC p-stage IA is 73%, and the recurrence rate in radically treated patients is \u0000almost 10%. \u0000The study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of several clinical and morphological factors and apply machine learning \u0000algorithms to predict the results of the overall survival of patients with lung cancer. \u0000Methods: The forms 030-6/y C34 – lung cancer (n=19,379) from the EROB database for 2014-2018 were analyzed, and the impact of \u0000risk factors on overall survival was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Accordingly, the training data set for constructing forecasting \u0000models included 19,379 observations and 15 factors. The machine learning algorithms such as Random Forest Classifier, Gradient \u0000Boosting Classifier, Logistic Regression Model, Decision Tree Classifier, and K Nearest Neighbors (KNN) Classifier were implemented \u0000in the Python programming language. The results were evaluated by constructing an error matrix and calculating classification metrics: \u0000the proportion of correctly classified objects (accuracy) during training and validation (validation), accuracy (precision), completeness \u0000(recall), Kappa-Cohen. \u0000Results: In our study, 19,379 patients were analyzed, including 15,494 men (79.95%) and 3,885 women (20.04%). At the time of the \u0000study, 6,171 men (39.8%) and 1,962 women (49.5%) were alive. Median survival was 8.3 months (SE – 0.154 months, 95% CI – 7.96-8.56) \u0000in men and 15.43 months (SE – 1.0 months, 95% CI – 13.497-17.363) in women. At diagnosis, 1,037 patients (5.35%) had stage I disease, \u0000and 4,145 (21.38%) had stage II. Most patients (61.4%) had advanced stage NSCLC: 9,189 people (47.4%) were diagnosed with stage III, \u0000and 4,655 (24%) – with stage IV. The reliability of differences in median survival (χ2=3991.6, p=0.00) indicated the prognostic significance \u0000of the tumor process stage and its influence on the patient’s survival. Also, the revealed significant difference in the median survival of \u0000patients with various morphological forms of lung cancer suggests the prognostic significance of the morphological factor (the difference \u0000between those indicators was statistically significant, χ2=623.4 p=0.000). \u0000Conclusion: Machine learning models can predict the risk of fatal outcomes for patients after surgical treatment and registration in \u0000the EROB database. The creation of patient-oriented systems to support medical decision-making makes it possible to choose the optimal \u0000strategies for adjuvant therapy, dispensary observation, and frequency of diagnostic studies.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90352719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.52532/2663-4864-2022-3-65-32-36
A. Murzakhmetova, V. Kemaikin, A. Ainabay, A. Meiramova, B. Ainabekova
Relevance: Acute renal kidney injury is a severe complication in patients with acute leukemia who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). According to statistics, acute renal dysfunction often occurs in the first 100 days after HSCT. This study aimed to evaluate kidney function in patients with acute leukemia after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Methods: The article presents clinical cases of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who developed acute renal failure after HSCT. The dynamics of the functional state of kidneys in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia after HSCT are described. Results: The acute kidney disorder in the studied patients was mainly caused by HSCT complications. We have identified renal kidney damage in the form of acute tumor lysis and thrombotic microangiopathy. Conclusion: Patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk developing acute kidney disorder during HSCT, which requires careful monitoring of kidney function, especially in the early post-transplant period
{"title":"ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE LEUKEMIA AFTER HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION: A SERIES OF CLINICAL CASES","authors":"A. Murzakhmetova, V. Kemaikin, A. Ainabay, A. Meiramova, B. Ainabekova","doi":"10.52532/2663-4864-2022-3-65-32-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2663-4864-2022-3-65-32-36","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Acute renal kidney injury is a severe complication in patients with acute leukemia who underwent hematopoietic stem cell \u0000transplantation (HSCT). According to statistics, acute renal dysfunction often occurs in the first 100 days after HSCT. \u0000This study aimed to evaluate kidney function in patients with acute leukemia after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. \u0000Methods: The article presents clinical cases of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who developed acute renal failure after \u0000HSCT. The dynamics of the functional state of kidneys in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia after HSCT are described. \u0000Results: The acute kidney disorder in the studied patients was mainly caused by HSCT complications. We have identified renal kidney \u0000damage in the form of acute tumor lysis and thrombotic microangiopathy. \u0000Conclusion: Patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk developing acute kidney disorder during HSCT, which requires careful \u0000monitoring of kidney function, especially in the early post-transplant period","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85463331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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