Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-59-65
Zh. Zhumanbayeva, A. Кrykpaeva, A. Serikbaev, N. Rakhmatullina, G. Aitmurzinova, A. Seitkabylov
Relevance: Burnout syndrome in medical staff is a sensitive topic of health care, as this condition can directly affect treatment and care, that is, the patient’s satisfaction with the medical service and the psychological state of the medical staff as a whole. Burnout syndrome includes several risk factors that can directly affect the spread of this syndrome. Thus, the psychological state of medical personnel and the prevention of burnout syndrome is an important healthcare aspect. The purpose of the study was to review the literature on the spread, risk factors, and prevention of burnout syndrome in medical staff. Methods: The research for papers was made using the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Medscape, CINAHL, and Google Scholar search engines, e-Library.ru and CyberLeninka electronic libraries. Inclusion criteria: search depth of 10 years (2012-2022), original articles, literature reviews, meta-analyses and systematic reviews, open-access full-text articles in English and Russian. Exclusion criteria: low-quality articles not meeting the search criteria or containing unclear information and conclusions, reports, abstracts, and newspaper articles. In total, the review included 47 articles. Results: The literature review showed that burnout syndrome among medical staff is spreading every year and requires high-quality prevention methods. Conclusion: The literature review showed that emotional burnout syndrome among medical workers is a global problem and has become one of the most noticeable issues in healthcare. From the point of risk factors, professional factors rank first, followed by social, physiological, and other factors. The reviewed foreign and domestic publications insufficiently study the burnout syndrome prevention measures and their efficacy.
{"title":"BURNOUT SYNDROME AMONG MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS: \u0000LITERATURE REVIEW","authors":"Zh. Zhumanbayeva, A. Кrykpaeva, A. Serikbaev, N. Rakhmatullina, G. Aitmurzinova, A. Seitkabylov","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-59-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-59-65","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Burnout syndrome in medical staff is a sensitive topic of health care, as this condition can directly affect treatment and care, that \u0000is, the patient’s satisfaction with the medical service and the psychological state of the medical staff as a whole. Burnout syndrome includes several \u0000risk factors that can directly affect the spread of this syndrome. Thus, the psychological state of medical personnel and the prevention of burnout \u0000syndrome is an important healthcare aspect. \u0000The purpose of the study was to review the literature on the spread, risk factors, and prevention of burnout syndrome in medical staff. \u0000Methods: The research for papers was made using the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Medscape, CINAHL, and Google Scholar search engines, \u0000e-Library.ru and CyberLeninka electronic libraries. Inclusion criteria: search depth of 10 years (2012-2022), original articles, literature reviews, \u0000meta-analyses and systematic reviews, open-access full-text articles in English and Russian. Exclusion criteria: low-quality articles not meeting the \u0000search criteria or containing unclear information and conclusions, reports, abstracts, and newspaper articles. In total, the review included 47 articles. \u0000Results: The literature review showed that burnout syndrome among medical staff is spreading every year and requires high-quality prevention \u0000methods. \u0000Conclusion: The literature review showed that emotional burnout syndrome among medical workers is a global problem and has become one \u0000of the most noticeable issues in healthcare. From the point of risk factors, professional factors rank first, followed by social, physiological, and \u0000other factors. The reviewed foreign and domestic publications insufficiently study the burnout syndrome prevention measures and their efficacy.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74410183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-44-48
Z. Pyssanova
Relevance: Sarcomas are relatively rare. They make up 1% of all malignant neoplasms in adults, of which about 10-15% appear in the chest wall. Unlike primary tumors, metastatic bone tumors occur 2-4 times more often, while the sternum is affected in 9% of all metastatic bone lesions. A review of the literature and analysis of patients with chest wall tumors showed that surgical treatment might be the best option for primary tumors and some secondary chest wall tumors. Chondrosarcoma (12%) is the most common primary chest bone sarcoma and originates from the anterior segment of the ribs, less often from the sternum, scapula, or clavicle. The purpose was to present the outcome of a sternum sarcoma surgical treatment with a simultaneous reconstruction of an extensive postoperative defect at the Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology (Almaty, Kazakhstan). Methods: The article reviews the literature on the treatment of chest wall tumors and describes a clinical case of a patient with chondrosarcoma of the sternum. After subtotal resection of the sternum 2-3 cm away from the tumor margins, the patient underwent reconstructive plastic surgery. Synthetic material was used to stabilize the chest wall, prevent paradoxical breathing, and replace the defect. Result: No recurrence of the main process was registered after radical removal of the sternum tumor with the simultaneous reconstruction of the defect with synthetic material. Given the prevalence of the tumor, intraoperative suturing of the subclavian vein was performed, which led to vein thrombosis in the postoperative period. Conclusions: The key to successful sternum tumor treatment is early recognition and radical removal with adequate margins. Complete excision with broadly negative microscopic margins at the first operation is paramount since local recurrence increases the risk of systemic metastasis and death. Thus, standard guidelines are required to ensure chest wall sarcomas proper treatment.
{"title":"STERNUM TUMOR SURGICAL TREATMENT METHOD: A CLINICAL CASE","authors":"Z. Pyssanova","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-44-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-44-48","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Sarcomas are relatively rare. They make up 1% of all malignant neoplasms in adults, of which about 10-15% appear in the chest \u0000wall. Unlike primary tumors, metastatic bone tumors occur 2-4 times more often, while the sternum is affected in 9% of all metastatic bone lesions. \u0000A review of the literature and analysis of patients with chest wall tumors showed that surgical treatment might be the best option for primary tumors \u0000and some secondary chest wall tumors. \u0000Chondrosarcoma (12%) is the most common primary chest bone sarcoma and originates from the anterior segment of the ribs, less often from \u0000the sternum, scapula, or clavicle. \u0000The purpose was to present the outcome of a sternum sarcoma surgical treatment with a simultaneous reconstruction of an extensive postoperative defect at the Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology (Almaty, Kazakhstan). \u0000Methods: The article reviews the literature on the treatment of chest wall tumors and describes a clinical case of a patient with chondrosarcoma of the sternum. After subtotal resection of the sternum 2-3 cm away from the tumor margins, the patient underwent reconstructive plastic \u0000surgery. Synthetic material was used to stabilize the chest wall, prevent paradoxical breathing, and replace the defect. \u0000Result: No recurrence of the main process was registered after radical removal of the sternum tumor with the simultaneous reconstruction of \u0000the defect with synthetic material. Given the prevalence of the tumor, intraoperative suturing of the subclavian vein was performed, which led to \u0000vein thrombosis in the postoperative period. \u0000Conclusions: The key to successful sternum tumor treatment is early recognition and radical removal with adequate margins. Complete excision with broadly negative microscopic margins at the first operation is paramount since local recurrence increases the risk of systemic metastasis \u0000and death. Thus, standard guidelines are required to ensure chest wall sarcomas proper treatment.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82574652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-28-32
A. Tulemissov
Relevance: Carotid body tumors (CBT) account for 0.01% of all head and neck tumors. 5-15% of CBTs are malignant. The expansive growth of this tumor and its tight attachment to the carotid arteries pose a risk of damage to the main blood vessels and cranial nerves during surgery that can lead to life-threatening bleeding. Today, preoperative embolization of CBT feeding vessels (PECBT) is used to minimize blood loss during CBT radical excision. The study aimed to evaluate the results of preoperative preparation of patients with CBT by PECBT; justification of a CBT incidence multicenter study to determine CBT's current status in Kazakhstan. Methods: An anamnesis was collected from all patients, and instrumental diagnostic studies (ultrasound, CTA) were performed. We used the Shamblin (1971) classification of CBT modified by Luna-Ortiz et al. (2006). PECBT was performed to prepare patients for open surgery. CBT excision tactics were selected depending on the classification of the CBT according to Shamblin. Results: Out of 9 patients with CBT, seven patients complained mainly of a neck tumor; the others mentioned pain and dysphagia. Four patients had a left-side CBT, and the others had a right-side. One tumor was Shamblin type I, five were Shamblin type II, and three were Shamblin type III. Eight patients underwent PECBT, and one was operated on without PECBT. In 8 cases, CBT was surgically incised; one patient did not show up for the second stage of treatment. Arterial reconstruction was required in two cases. An average size tumor was 27.4 cm3. The CBT excision was controlled without significant bleeding thanks to the presence of an embolic agent. Blood loss averaged 750 ml; reinfusion – 243.3 ml. Conclusion: The CBT incidence in Kazakhstan has not been studied yet, so a multicenter study is required. Early ultrasound and CT diagnostics support providing patients with up-to-date, efficient surgical treatment. PECBT provides favorable conditions for the tumor resection without hemodynamically significant blood loss
{"title":"AN ANALYSIS OF AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO CAROTID BODY TUMOR SURGICAL \u0000TREATMENT AT THE NATIONAL RESEARCH ONCOLOGY CENTER \u0000(NUR-SULTAN, KAZAKHSTAN)","authors":"A. Tulemissov","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-28-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-28-32","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Carotid body tumors (CBT) account for 0.01% of all head and neck tumors. 5-15% of CBTs are malignant. The expansive growth \u0000of this tumor and its tight attachment to the carotid arteries pose a risk of damage to the main blood vessels and cranial nerves during surgery \u0000that can lead to life-threatening bleeding. Today, preoperative embolization of CBT feeding vessels (PECBT) is used to minimize blood loss during \u0000CBT radical excision. \u0000The study aimed to evaluate the results of preoperative preparation of patients with CBT by PECBT; justification of a CBT incidence multicenter study to determine CBT's current status in Kazakhstan. \u0000Methods: An anamnesis was collected from all patients, and instrumental diagnostic studies (ultrasound, CTA) were performed. We used the \u0000Shamblin (1971) classification of CBT modified by Luna-Ortiz et al. (2006). PECBT was performed to prepare patients for open surgery. CBT \u0000excision tactics were selected depending on the classification of the CBT according to Shamblin. \u0000Results: Out of 9 patients with CBT, seven patients complained mainly of a neck tumor; the others mentioned pain and dysphagia. Four patients had a left-side CBT, and the others had a right-side. One tumor was Shamblin type I, five were Shamblin type II, and three were Shamblin type \u0000III. Eight patients underwent PECBT, and one was operated on without PECBT. In 8 cases, CBT was surgically incised; one patient did not show \u0000up for the second stage of treatment. Arterial reconstruction was required in two cases. An average size tumor was 27.4 cm3. The CBT excision was \u0000controlled without significant bleeding thanks to the presence of an embolic agent. Blood loss averaged 750 ml; reinfusion – 243.3 ml. \u0000Conclusion: The CBT incidence in Kazakhstan has not been studied yet, so a multicenter study is required. Early ultrasound and CT diagnostics support providing patients with up-to-date, efficient surgical treatment. PECBT provides favorable conditions for the tumor resection without \u0000hemodynamically significant blood loss","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80438386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-79-83
A. Satanova, D. Kaidarova, E. Kukubassov, R. Bolatbekova, O. Bertleuov, D. Kaldybekov
Relevance: Cervical cancer (CC) is a socially significant disease in the development of which the human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a central role. HPV is the most common sexually transmitted virus, affecting 80% of sexually active men and women by age 45. Since 2017, the World Health Organization has recommended that all countries implement HPV vaccination programs to reduce and eliminate CC. The study aimed to examine the role of HPV vaccination in eliminating CC over the past decade. Methods: The literature search was done in the PUBMED, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases for the last ten years using the keywords «cervical cancer,» «vaccination,» and «human papillomavirus.» The review included the results of randomized studies and meta-analyses. Results: The literature provides evidence of the effectiveness and safety of HPV vaccination in countries that have introduced HPV vaccine immunization. The compelling evidence for the effectiveness of HPV vaccination in preventing HPV urge to move from control to elimination of HPV-related diseases. Conclusion: CC is only cancer that can be prevented by vaccination. The development of HPV vaccines and the introduction of HPV immunization into national vaccination schedules helped many countries reduce HPV prevalence and thus reduce HPV incidence.
{"title":"HPV VACCINATION ROLE IN CERVICAL CANCER ELIMINATION: \u0000A LITERATURE REVIEW","authors":"A. Satanova, D. Kaidarova, E. Kukubassov, R. Bolatbekova, O. Bertleuov, D. Kaldybekov","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-79-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-79-83","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Cervical cancer (CC) is a socially significant disease in the development of which the human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a central \u0000role. HPV is the most common sexually transmitted virus, affecting 80% of sexually active men and women by age 45. Since 2017, the World Health \u0000Organization has recommended that all countries implement HPV vaccination programs to reduce and eliminate CC. \u0000The study aimed to examine the role of HPV vaccination in eliminating CC over the past decade. \u0000Methods: The literature search was done in the PUBMED, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases for the last ten years using the keywords \u0000«cervical cancer,» «vaccination,» and «human papillomavirus.» The review included the results of randomized studies and meta-analyses. \u0000Results: The literature provides evidence of the effectiveness and safety of HPV vaccination in countries that have introduced HPV vaccine \u0000immunization. The compelling evidence for the effectiveness of HPV vaccination in preventing HPV urge to move from control to elimination of \u0000HPV-related diseases. \u0000Conclusion: CC is only cancer that can be prevented by vaccination. The development of HPV vaccines and the introduction of HPV immunization into national vaccination schedules helped many countries reduce HPV prevalence and thus reduce HPV incidence.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82704192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-49-52
A. Satanova, D. Kaidarova, E. Kukubassov, O. Bertleuov, D. Kaldybekov, R. Bolatbekova
Relevance: Treating vaginal recurrence of gynecological cancer remains a complex clinical problem. Surgery is an effective and relatively safe strategy for these cases. Vaginectomy is a method of surgical treatment of gynecological cancer local recurrence. Although vaginectomy is considered an effective treatment for a vaginal recurrence of cervical, ovarian, or endometrial cancers, only a few published reports of vaginal resections have been found. In most cases, vaginal resections were performed by vaginal and/or/or open access. Several reports on laparoscopic vaginal resection for recurrence in gynecological cancer were found. The aim was to study the effectiveness of vaginectomy in recurrent gynecological cancer. Methods: Clinical cases of seven patients after vaginectomy were analyzed. Results: The patients age ranged from 42 to 62 years (median 53 years). The duration of the operation varied from 240 to 480 minutes (median 317 min), the volume of blood loss – from 90 to 220 ml (median 140 ml), and resection margins were negative in all cases. An ureteral catheter was installed in 2 cases. The Foley catheter was removed after 10 days on average (from 1 to 11 days). The patients stayed in the hospital for 7-14 days (median – 7 days). No intraoperative complications were registered. All patients after vaginectomy are alive. Conclusion: Vaginal recurrence is the most common local recurrence in gynecological cancer, and there is no consensus regarding its treatment tactics. Although this article is somewhat limited in the number of patients, our results show the efficacy of vaginectomy in recurrent vaginal gynecological cancer
{"title":"TOTAL VAGINECTOMY FOR RECURRENT GYNECOLOGICAL CANCER: \u0000A SERIES OF CLINICAL CASES","authors":"A. Satanova, D. Kaidarova, E. Kukubassov, O. Bertleuov, D. Kaldybekov, R. Bolatbekova","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-49-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-49-52","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Treating vaginal recurrence of gynecological cancer remains a complex clinical problem. Surgery is an effective and relatively \u0000safe strategy for these cases. Vaginectomy is a method of surgical treatment of gynecological cancer local recurrence. Although vaginectomy is \u0000considered an effective treatment for a vaginal recurrence of cervical, ovarian, or endometrial cancers, only a few published reports of vaginal \u0000resections have been found. In most cases, vaginal resections were performed by vaginal and/or/or open access. Several reports on laparoscopic \u0000vaginal resection for recurrence in gynecological cancer were found. \u0000The aim was to study the effectiveness of vaginectomy in recurrent gynecological cancer. \u0000Methods: Clinical cases of seven patients after vaginectomy were analyzed. \u0000Results: The patients age ranged from 42 to 62 years (median 53 years). The duration of the operation varied from 240 to 480 minutes (median \u0000317 min), the volume of blood loss – from 90 to 220 ml (median 140 ml), and resection margins were negative in all cases. An ureteral catheter was \u0000installed in 2 cases. The Foley catheter was removed after 10 days on average (from 1 to 11 days). The patients stayed in the hospital for 7-14 days \u0000(median – 7 days). No intraoperative complications were registered. All patients after vaginectomy are alive. \u0000Conclusion: Vaginal recurrence is the most common local recurrence in gynecological cancer, and there is no consensus regarding its treatment tactics. Although this article is somewhat limited in the number of patients, our results show the efficacy of vaginectomy in recurrent vaginal \u0000gynecological cancer","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74758654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-4-8
Zhansaya Telmanova, A. Axarin, A. Oralbek, S. Orozbaev, K. Kulayev, N. Shapambayev, Y. Kuandykov, Z. Bilalova, G. Igissinova, K. Rustemova, I. Kudaibergenova, N. Igissinov
Relevance: Every year, 732,210 new cases of RC are registered globally, with an incidence of 7.6 per 100,000. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the screening, case detection, and referral of patients with an asymptomatic cancer diagnosis. The aim was to assess the trends in rectal cancer incidence in the entire population of Kazakhstan before and during the COVID pandemics. Methods: The data obtained from the Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan concerning RC (Form no. 7) was retrospectively studied by descriptive and analytical epidemiology methods. The component method was used to analyze RC incidence dynamics based on the number of cases from 2010 to 2020. Results: From 2010 to 2020, the risk of getting RC went down. An increase in incidence in 2010-2020 (+24.8%) was lower than in the preCOVID period of 2010-2019 (+37.2%). We found a sharp decrease in RC incidence from 2019 to 2020. The overall decrease was 0.89‰⁰⁰ due to changes in the age structure of the population (∑ΔA=+0.13‰⁰⁰), the risk of getting RC (∑ΔR=−1.02‰⁰⁰), and the combined impact of age structure and the risk of getting RC (∑ΔAR=−0.002‰⁰⁰). According to the component analysis, 1,662 patients with RC were expected in 2020; instead, only 1,471 cases were registered. Such a decline in cases was mainly due to a reduced risk of getting RC. Conclusions: The analysis of RC incidence trends in Kazakhstan shows a negative impact of COVID-19 on cancer care indicators and effectiveness. All oncological examinations were strengthened with the resumption of work after COVID restrictions. However, the number of screening visits remains lower than in previous years. Untimely diagnosis can increase the number of cases of late-stage CRC and an overall loss of years of life due to the lack of proper treatment. However, these forecasts can be mitigated by proper follow-up.
{"title":"THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE INCIDENCE OF RECTAL CANCER IN KAZAKHSTAN: RESULTS OF COMPONENT ANALYSIS","authors":"Zhansaya Telmanova, A. Axarin, A. Oralbek, S. Orozbaev, K. Kulayev, N. Shapambayev, Y. Kuandykov, Z. Bilalova, G. Igissinova, K. Rustemova, I. Kudaibergenova, N. Igissinov","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-4-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-4-8","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Every year, 732,210 new cases of RC are registered globally, with an incidence of 7.6 per 100,000. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the screening, case detection, and referral of patients with an asymptomatic cancer diagnosis. \u0000The aim was to assess the trends in rectal cancer incidence in the entire population of Kazakhstan before and during the COVID \u0000pandemics. \u0000Methods: The data obtained from the Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan concerning RC (Form no. 7) was retrospectively studied by descriptive and analytical epidemiology methods. The component method was used to analyze RC incidence dynamics \u0000based on the number of cases from 2010 to 2020. \u0000Results: From 2010 to 2020, the risk of getting RC went down. An increase in incidence in 2010-2020 (+24.8%) was lower than in \u0000the preCOVID period of 2010-2019 (+37.2%). We found a sharp decrease in RC incidence from 2019 to 2020. The overall decrease was \u00000.89‰⁰⁰ due to changes in the age structure of the population (∑ΔA=+0.13‰⁰⁰), the risk of getting RC (∑ΔR=−1.02‰⁰⁰), and the combined \u0000impact of age structure and the risk of getting RC (∑ΔAR=−0.002‰⁰⁰). According to the component analysis, 1,662 patients with RC were \u0000expected in 2020; instead, only 1,471 cases were registered. Such a decline in cases was mainly due to a reduced risk of getting RC. \u0000Conclusions: The analysis of RC incidence trends in Kazakhstan shows a negative impact of COVID-19 on cancer care indicators and \u0000effectiveness. All oncological examinations were strengthened with the resumption of work after COVID restrictions. However, the number \u0000of screening visits remains lower than in previous years. Untimely diagnosis can increase the number of cases of late-stage CRC and an \u0000overall loss of years of life due to the lack of proper treatment. However, these forecasts can be mitigated by proper follow-up.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91028947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.52532/2663-4864-2022-2-64-66-72
K. Karakoishin, Z. Zholdybay, A. Aynakulova, D. Toleshbaev, Z. Amankulov, Zh. Zhakenova, A. Beisen, A. Kabidenov, N. Kashaev
{"title":"THE CURRENT ROLE OF MULTIPARAMETRIC MRI IN PROSTATE CANCER DIAGNOSTICS: A LITERATURE REVIEW","authors":"K. Karakoishin, Z. Zholdybay, A. Aynakulova, D. Toleshbaev, Z. Amankulov, Zh. Zhakenova, A. Beisen, A. Kabidenov, N. Kashaev","doi":"10.52532/2663-4864-2022-2-64-66-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2663-4864-2022-2-64-66-72","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75754373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-66-72
K. Karakoishin, Z. Zholdybay, A. Aynakulova, D. Toleshbaev, Z. Amankulov, Zh. Zhakenova, A. Beisen, A. Kabidenov, N. Kashaev
Relevance: Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) is one of the main methods for diagnosing prostate cancer (PCa). Although mpMRI has been adopted into routine urological and oncological practice in a few short years, there are conflicting views on the timing of mpMRI. The purpose was to study the diagnostic value and role of mpMRI at the stages of diagnosis of prostate cancer. Methods: The article reviews the literature on the use of mpMRI in diagnosing prostate cancer in the framework of traditional clinical approaches. Results: current national guidelines in Europe emphasize the value of mpMRI in diagnosing patients with suspected PCa. The rationale for using mpMRI in selecting patients with suspected PCa who should and should not be biopsied and selecting areas of the prostate for biopsy is compelling. The evidence base, including level 1 studies, is overwhelming, as are arguments for patient benefit in avoiding biopsy or overdiagnosis of clinically insignificant cancer. Conclusion: Patients considering biopsy start to realize that mpMRI imaging can avoid biopsy in some cases and make it more targeted in others. For obvious reasons, these patients will seek to avoid the risk of biopsy or minimize the risk with fewer biopsy specimens. Switching from “standard” SB to TB judiciously and selectively augmented with BD using a two-stage risk assessment offers the best compromise to reduce biopsy rates and reduce overdiagnosis of cnPCa while minimizing the chances of missing clinically significant cancer. Evidence that it is possible to avoid SB altogether, even in the era of mpMRI before biopsy, is weak. This provides grounds for searching for new methods for diagnosing clinically significant cancer using mpMRI
{"title":"THE CURRENT ROLE OF MULTIPARAMETRIC MRI IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PROSTATE CANCER: \u0000A LITERATURE REVIEW","authors":"K. Karakoishin, Z. Zholdybay, A. Aynakulova, D. Toleshbaev, Z. Amankulov, Zh. Zhakenova, A. Beisen, A. Kabidenov, N. Kashaev","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-66-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-66-72","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) is one of the main methods for diagnosing prostate cancer (PCa). Although mpMRI has been adopted into routine urological and oncological practice in a few short years, there are conflicting views on the timing of mpMRI. \u0000The purpose was to study the diagnostic value and role of mpMRI at the stages of diagnosis of prostate cancer. \u0000Methods: The article reviews the literature on the use of mpMRI in diagnosing prostate cancer in the framework of traditional clinical approaches. \u0000Results: current national guidelines in Europe emphasize the value of mpMRI in diagnosing patients with suspected PCa. The rationale for \u0000using mpMRI in selecting patients with suspected PCa who should and should not be biopsied and selecting areas of the prostate for biopsy is \u0000compelling. The evidence base, including level 1 studies, is overwhelming, as are arguments for patient benefit in avoiding biopsy or overdiagnosis \u0000of clinically insignificant cancer. \u0000Conclusion: Patients considering biopsy start to realize that mpMRI imaging can avoid biopsy in some cases and make it more targeted in \u0000others. For obvious reasons, these patients will seek to avoid the risk of biopsy or minimize the risk with fewer biopsy specimens. Switching from \u0000“standard” SB to TB judiciously and selectively augmented with BD using a two-stage risk assessment offers the best compromise to reduce biopsy \u0000rates and reduce overdiagnosis of cnPCa while minimizing the chances of missing clinically significant cancer. Evidence that it is possible to avoid \u0000SB altogether, even in the era of mpMRI before biopsy, is weak. This provides grounds for searching for new methods for diagnosing clinically \u0000significant cancer using mpMRI","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78258109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-14-18
J. Amankulov
Relevance: Increased natural killer cells (NK cells) activity is associated with reduced colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Previously published studies examined the association of NK cells and CRC prevalence in individuals at high cancer risk. The purpose was to study the relationship between NK cell activity and the incidence of advanced adenomas (AA) and CRC in a population with average cancer risk. Methods: The activity of NK cells was assessed by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) of blood in participants of average risk with a measurement range of 25-2500 pg/ml. The level of NK cells below 200 pg/ml was defined as pathological. The informativeness of the diagnostic test for determining NK cell activity was assessed using indicators such as sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive value, and clinical utility index. The probability coefficient for the development of colorectal cancer was calculated using logistic regression. Results: The activity of NK cells was assessed in 354 persons of average risk (mean age 59 years; 36% of them men). The diagnostic accuracy of NK cells determination for CRC and AA was 76% and 72%, respectively, and the negative predictive value was 96%. The NK cell test demonstrated a good negative clinical utility index for CRC and AA (0.66 and 0.74, respectively). Individuals with low levels of NK cells were seven times more likely to be diagnosed with CRC (95% CI 2.3-20.3; p<0.001). NK cell levels were higher in men compared to women (549 pg/mL vs 500 pg/ mL) and lower in smokers (412 pg/mL versus 544 pg/mL), non-athletic participants (413 pg/mL versus 654 pg / ml), in people who abuse alcohol (389 pg/ml versus 476 pg/ml). Conclusion: Our study shows that a high level of NK cells can potentially exclude CRC and AA in individuals with average cancer risk
相关性:自然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)活性增加与结直肠癌(CRC)风险降低相关。先前发表的研究调查了NK细胞与高癌症风险个体中结直肠癌患病率的关系。目的是研究在平均癌症风险人群中NK细胞活性与晚期腺瘤(AA)和结直肠癌发病率之间的关系。方法:采用酶免疫分析法(ELISA)对平均高危人群血液NK细胞活性进行测定，测定范围为25 ~ 2500pg /ml。NK细胞低于200 pg/ml为病理。使用敏感性、特异性、阴性和阳性预测值以及临床效用指数等指标来评估NK细胞活性诊断试验的信息量。采用logistic回归计算结直肠癌发生的概率系数。结果:对354例平均风险(平均年龄59岁;其中36%是男性)。NK细胞检测对CRC和AA的诊断准确率分别为76%和72%，阴性预测值为96%。NK细胞检测显示CRC和AA的临床应用指数均为阴性(分别为0.66和0.74)。NK细胞水平低的个体被诊断为CRC的可能性高出7倍(95% CI 2.3-20.3;p < 0.001)。男性NK细胞水平高于女性(549 pg/mL vs 500 pg/mL)，而吸烟者(412 pg/mL vs 544 pg/mL)、非运动参与者(413 pg/mL vs 654 pg/mL)、酗酒者(389 pg/mL vs 476 pg/mL)的NK细胞水平较低。结论:我们的研究表明，高水平的NK细胞可以潜在地排除CRC和AA在平均癌症风险的个体
{"title":"ASSOCIATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS ACTIVITY WITH THE INCIDENCE \u0000OF COLORECTAL NEOPLASIA AT SCREENING","authors":"J. Amankulov","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-14-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-14-18","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Increased natural killer cells (NK cells) activity is associated with reduced colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Previously published \u0000studies examined the association of NK cells and CRC prevalence in individuals at high cancer risk. \u0000The purpose was to study the relationship between NK cell activity and the incidence of advanced adenomas (AA) and CRC in a population \u0000with average cancer risk. \u0000Methods: The activity of NK cells was assessed by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) of blood in participants of average risk with a measurement \u0000range of 25-2500 pg/ml. The level of NK cells below 200 pg/ml was defined as pathological. The informativeness of the diagnostic test for determining NK cell activity was assessed using indicators such as sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive value, and clinical utility index. \u0000The probability coefficient for the development of colorectal cancer was calculated using logistic regression. \u0000Results: The activity of NK cells was assessed in 354 persons of average risk (mean age 59 years; 36% of them men). The diagnostic accuracy \u0000of NK cells determination for CRC and AA was 76% and 72%, respectively, and the negative predictive value was 96%. The NK cell test demonstrated a good negative clinical utility index for CRC and AA (0.66 and 0.74, respectively). Individuals with low levels of NK cells were seven times \u0000more likely to be diagnosed with CRC (95% CI 2.3-20.3; p<0.001). NK cell levels were higher in men compared to women (549 pg/mL vs 500 pg/ \u0000mL) and lower in smokers (412 pg/mL versus 544 pg/mL), non-athletic participants (413 pg/mL versus 654 pg / ml), in people who abuse alcohol \u0000(389 pg/ml versus 476 pg/ml). \u0000Conclusion: Our study shows that a high level of NK cells can potentially exclude CRC and AA in individuals with average cancer risk","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86337958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-53-58
K. Baktikulova, S. Kurmangalieva, V. Toymanova, Kh. Kudabaeva, E. Bazargaliev, N. Sagindykova
Relevance: Immunophenotyping with multiparameter flow cytofluorimetry allows differentiating classical variants of chronic B-lymphoproliferative diseases. However, some atypical conditions are hard to interpret; they gave rise to the search for new differential markers. The study aimed to analyze the predictive value of monoclonal markers CD200, CD103, and CD11c in differential diagnostics of hairy cell leukemia, splenic marginal zone lymphoma, and splenic mantle zone lymphoma. Methods: We studied open access articles with a search depth of 10 years using the following databases of scientific publications and specialized search engines: PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, Сyberleninka, and the eLIBRARY electronic library. As a result, 30 literary sources were identified, of which eight publications were the basis of the analytical material for this article. Inclusion criteria: Evidence level A, B publications: meta-analyses, systematic reviews, cohort, and cross-sectional studies. Exclusion criteria: expert opinion in the form of short messages or promotional articles. Results: We revealed a different degree of informativeness of some traditional markers in immunophenotypic diagnostics of B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases by flow cytometry; the use of additional differential markers CD200, CD103, and CD11c showed their high informativeness in differential diagnostics between different variants of B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases with initial immunophenotypic and morphological characteristics of lymphoid elements. Conclusion: Analysis of the selected publications gives grounds to improve the multiparametric panel for differential diagnostics of chronic B-lymphoproliferative diseases.
相关性:用多参数流式细胞荧光法进行免疫表型分型可以区分慢性b淋巴增生性疾病的经典变体。然而，一些非典型的情况很难解释;它们引发了对新的差异标记的寻找。本研究旨在分析单克隆标志物CD200、CD103和CD11c在毛细胞白血病、脾边缘区淋巴瘤和脾套区淋巴瘤鉴别诊断中的预测价值。方法:使用PubMed、谷歌Scholar、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、Scopus、Сyberleninka和eLIBRARY电子图书馆等科学出版物数据库和专业搜索引擎，研究了检索深度为10年的开放获取文章。结果，确定了30种文献来源，其中8种出版物是本文分析材料的基础。纳入标准:证据等级A、B出版物:荟萃分析、系统评价、队列和横断面研究。排除标准:短消息或宣传品形式的专家意见。结果:流式细胞术在b淋巴细胞增生性疾病的免疫表型诊断中，揭示了一些传统标志物具有不同程度的信息性;附加的鉴别标记CD200、CD103和CD11c在具有淋巴样因子初始免疫表型和形态特征的b细胞增生性疾病的不同变体之间的鉴别诊断中显示出很高的信息性。结论:对所选出版物的分析为改进慢性b淋巴细胞增生性疾病鉴别诊断的多参数组提供了依据。
{"title":"THE ROLE OF DIFFERENTIAL MARKERS CD 200, CD103, CD11C IN THE DIAGNOSIS \u0000OF CHRONIC B-LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASES BY FLOW CYTOMETRY: \u0000A LITERATURE REVIEW","authors":"K. Baktikulova, S. Kurmangalieva, V. Toymanova, Kh. Kudabaeva, E. Bazargaliev, N. Sagindykova","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-53-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-53-58","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Immunophenotyping with multiparameter flow cytofluorimetry allows differentiating classical variants of chronic B-lymphoproliferative diseases. However, some atypical conditions are hard to interpret; they gave rise to the search for new differential markers. \u0000The study aimed to analyze the predictive value of monoclonal markers CD200, CD103, and CD11c in differential diagnostics of hairy cell \u0000leukemia, splenic marginal zone lymphoma, and splenic mantle zone lymphoma. \u0000Methods: We studied open access articles with a search depth of 10 years using the following databases of scientific publications and specialized search engines: PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, Сyberleninka, and the eLIBRARY electronic library. As \u0000a result, 30 literary sources were identified, of which eight publications were the basis of the analytical material for this article. Inclusion criteria: \u0000Evidence level A, B publications: meta-analyses, systematic reviews, cohort, and cross-sectional studies. Exclusion criteria: expert opinion in the \u0000form of short messages or promotional articles. \u0000Results: We revealed a different degree of informativeness of some traditional markers in immunophenotypic diagnostics of B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases by flow cytometry; the use of additional differential markers CD200, CD103, and CD11c showed their high informativeness \u0000in differential diagnostics between different variants of B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases with initial immunophenotypic and morphological \u0000characteristics of lymphoid elements. \u0000Conclusion: Analysis of the selected publications gives grounds to improve the multiparametric panel for differential diagnostics of chronic \u0000B-lymphoproliferative diseases.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90922304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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