Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-73-78
G. Nurmadiyeva, B. Zhetpispaev, D. Uzbekov, N. Sayakenov, Zh.U. Kozykenova, A. Kanatbekova, S. Uzbekova, A.Sh. Kydyrmoldina
Relevance: Till today, antiradiation agents have been mainly found among radioprotectors synthesized from sulfur-containing compounds. The search for radioprotectors in other classes of compounds appeared to be less successful. The study aimed to analyze the pharmacodynamics of phytopreparations used to correct disorders of the immune and antioxidant systems and purine metabolism of the body induced by radiation. Methods: The review included publications indexed in PubMed, Medline, E-library, and CyberLeninka databases. The search was made using the Google Scholar scientific search engine. The search filters included: experimental studies performed on mice and rats over the past decade (2012 to 2022). Results: The literary search returned an insufficient number of publications on the qualities of the action of phytopreparations, such as integrity and complexity, the versatility of action, selectivity, and organotropism. The lack of publications on side effects (except for allergic intolerance to any components of plants) requires a profound study of this topic. Conclusion: Radiobiology should search for new non-drug means of treatment and make experiments to study the effect of phytocompositions on biochemical processes in an irradiated organism.
{"title":"RADIOPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF PHYTOMEDICINES: A LITERATURE REVIEW","authors":"G. Nurmadiyeva, B. Zhetpispaev, D. Uzbekov, N. Sayakenov, Zh.U. Kozykenova, A. Kanatbekova, S. Uzbekova, A.Sh. Kydyrmoldina","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-73-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-73-78","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Till today, antiradiation agents have been mainly found among radioprotectors synthesized from sulfur-containing \u0000compounds. The search for radioprotectors in other classes of compounds appeared to be less successful. \u0000The study aimed to analyze the pharmacodynamics of phytopreparations used to correct disorders of the immune and antioxidant \u0000systems and purine metabolism of the body induced by radiation. \u0000Methods: The review included publications indexed in PubMed, Medline, E-library, and CyberLeninka databases. The search was \u0000made using the Google Scholar scientific search engine. The search filters included: experimental studies performed on mice and rats over \u0000the past decade (2012 to 2022). \u0000Results: The literary search returned an insufficient number of publications on the qualities of the action of phytopreparations, such as \u0000integrity and complexity, the versatility of action, selectivity, and organotropism. The lack of publications on side effects (except for allergic \u0000intolerance to any components of plants) requires a profound study of this topic. \u0000Conclusion: Radiobiology should search for new non-drug means of treatment and make experiments to study the effect of \u0000phytocompositions on biochemical processes in an irradiated organism.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86649730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-39-43
S. Kopochkina, A. Goncharova, Z. Dushimova, A. Bykovskaya, K. Tokhmoldayeva, M. Zharaspayeva
Relevance: Brain tumors are the most common solid tumors in children, with medulloblastomas accounting for almost 20%. The Electronic Registry of Oncological Patients of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK) reports 27 morphologically verified cases of medulloblastoma in 2021, 18 of them in children (66.6%). The aim was to show the feasibility of conducting a molecular genetic study to clarify the diagnosis of brain tumors using a clinical case as an example. Methods: The article describes a clinical case of a patient with medulloblastoma. The examinations made included computed tomography of the brain, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, as well as pathomorphological revision with an immunohistochemical examination of postoperative material. Results: The patient was admitted to the Center of Pediatric Oncology of “Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology” JSC (Almaty, Kazakhstan) with a referral morphological diagnosis of “Ependymoma of the cerebellar vermis with compression of the 4th ventricle. Grade II. Condition – after ventriculoperitoneostomy on the left side (14.11.2021), after microsurgical removal of the tumor (07.12.2021). 2nd clinical group.” Because of the atypical localization of the formation, a pathomorphological review with an immunohistochemical study of the postoperative material was carried out. Conclusion: the morphological picture and immunophenotype correspond to desmoplastic/nodular medulloblastoma, grade IV. ICD-O code 9471/3. The treatment tactics were revised based on morphological data. Conclusion: Medulloblastoma is a highly malignant tumor with an aggressive course. Choosing the right treatment tactics depends on a timely, accurate diagnosis, which makes the diagnosis a key link in the patient management algorithm. This requires conducting a morphological, immunohistochemical examination. According to the 5th version of the 2021 WHO classification of CNS tumors, a molecular genetic study is required to accurately determine the morphological structure of the tumor and achieve a better response to therapy. This necessitates a revision of the relevant clinical guidelines adopted in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
{"title":"MEDULLOBLASTOMA IN A 16-YEAR-OLD PATIENT: A CLINICAL CASE","authors":"S. Kopochkina, A. Goncharova, Z. Dushimova, A. Bykovskaya, K. Tokhmoldayeva, M. Zharaspayeva","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-39-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-39-43","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Brain tumors are the most common solid tumors in children, with medulloblastomas accounting for almost 20%. The Electronic \u0000Registry of Oncological Patients of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK) reports 27 morphologically verified cases of medulloblastoma in 2021, 18 of \u0000them in children (66.6%). \u0000The aim was to show the feasibility of conducting a molecular genetic study to clarify the diagnosis of brain tumors using a clinical case as \u0000an example. \u0000Methods: The article describes a clinical case of a patient with medulloblastoma. The examinations made included computed tomography of the brain, \u0000magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, as well as pathomorphological revision with an immunohistochemical examination of postoperative material. \u0000Results: The patient was admitted to the Center of Pediatric Oncology of “Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology” JSC (Almaty, Kazakhstan) with a referral morphological diagnosis of “Ependymoma of the cerebellar vermis with compression of the 4th ventricle. Grade II. Condition – \u0000after ventriculoperitoneostomy on the left side (14.11.2021), after microsurgical removal of the tumor (07.12.2021). 2nd clinical group.” Because \u0000of the atypical localization of the formation, a pathomorphological review with an immunohistochemical study of the postoperative material was \u0000carried out. Conclusion: the morphological picture and immunophenotype correspond to desmoplastic/nodular medulloblastoma, grade IV. ICD-O \u0000code 9471/3. The treatment tactics were revised based on morphological data. \u0000Conclusion: Medulloblastoma is a highly malignant tumor with an aggressive course. Choosing the right treatment tactics depends on a timely, \u0000accurate diagnosis, which makes the diagnosis a key link in the patient management algorithm. This requires conducting a morphological, immunohistochemical examination. According to the 5th version of the 2021 WHO classification of CNS tumors, a molecular genetic study is required to \u0000accurately determine the morphological structure of the tumor and achieve a better response to therapy. This necessitates a revision of the relevant \u0000clinical guidelines adopted in the Republic of Kazakhstan.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88980469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-9-13
S. Ossikbayeva
Relevance: Cancer is one of the main causes of death globally. The results of the conducted studies on the energy metabolism of cancer cells can contribute to identifying molecular targets in the treatment of cancer. It is known that polyphenols widely distributed in plants have an anti-cancer effect based on their well-known antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, proapoptotic, and antiangiogenic potential. Primary prostate cancer treatment methods include surgical resection and chemo- or radiation therapy. In the last decade, polyphenols have attracted attention for use in complex chemotherapy of prostate cancer. The search for natural compounds increasing the body’s resistance to tumor development and reducing the possibility of tumor recurrence after radiation or chemotherapy and the study of their mechanisms of action are relevant directions of further in vivo research. There is a growing interest in studying effective treatment approaches combining drugs with various mechanisms of action. The study aimed to identify the synergistic effect of curcumin and carnosic acid on the proliferation of prostate cancer cells. Methods: The proliferative activity of cells in culture on tablets, under the influence of polyphenols in various concentrations were evaluated by Alamar blue using a BioTek Synergy plate reader (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA). Conclusion: A detailed evaluation of the data on inhibition of PC3, Du145 cell growth revealed a clear synergistic interaction between curcumin and carnosic acid, which was especially strong at a concentration of curcumin 7 ul in combination with carnosic acid 5 ul
相关性:癌症是全球死亡的主要原因之一。对癌细胞能量代谢的研究结果有助于确定治疗癌症的分子靶点。广泛存在于植物中的多酚具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗增殖、促细胞凋亡和抗血管生成等作用，具有抗癌作用。原发性前列腺癌的治疗方法包括手术切除和化疗或放疗。近十年来，多酚类化合物在前列腺癌复杂化疗中的应用引起了人们的关注。寻找提高机体对肿瘤发展的抵抗力，降低放化疗后肿瘤复发可能性的天然化合物及其作用机制的研究是进一步体内研究的相关方向。人们对研究有效的治疗方法越来越感兴趣，将药物与各种作用机制结合起来。本研究旨在探讨姜黄素和鼠尾草酸对前列腺癌细胞增殖的协同作用。方法:使用BioTek Synergy平板阅读器(BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA)，用Alamar蓝评价不同浓度的多酚对片上培养细胞的增殖活性的影响。结论:姜黄素与鼠尾草酸对PC3、Du145细胞生长的抑制作用具有明显的协同作用，且当姜黄素浓度为7 μ l时与鼠尾草酸浓度为5 μ l时，协同作用尤为明显
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF THE SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF CURCUMIN AND CARNOSIC ACID \u0000ON THE PROLIFERATION OF PROSTATE CANCER CELLS","authors":"S. Ossikbayeva","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-9-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-9-13","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Cancer is one of the main causes of death globally. The results of the conducted studies on the energy metabolism of cancer cells \u0000can contribute to identifying molecular targets in the treatment of cancer. It is known that polyphenols widely distributed in plants have an anti-cancer effect based on their well-known antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, proapoptotic, and antiangiogenic potential. \u0000Primary prostate cancer treatment methods include surgical resection and chemo- or radiation therapy. In the last decade, polyphenols have \u0000attracted attention for use in complex chemotherapy of prostate cancer. The search for natural compounds increasing the body’s resistance to tumor \u0000development and reducing the possibility of tumor recurrence after radiation or chemotherapy and the study of their mechanisms of action are \u0000relevant directions of further in vivo research. There is a growing interest in studying effective treatment approaches combining drugs with various \u0000mechanisms of action. \u0000The study aimed to identify the synergistic effect of curcumin and carnosic acid on the proliferation of prostate cancer cells. \u0000Methods: The proliferative activity of cells in culture on tablets, under the influence of polyphenols in various concentrations were evaluated \u0000by Alamar blue using a BioTek Synergy plate reader (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA). \u0000Conclusion: A detailed evaluation of the data on inhibition of PC3, Du145 cell growth revealed a clear synergistic interaction between curcumin and carnosic acid, which was especially strong at a concentration of curcumin 7 ul in combination with carnosic acid 5 ul","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74152923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-33-38
D. Kaidarova, M. Dmitrenko, N. Chichua, K. Smagulova, R. Abdrakhmanov, S. Kaldarbekov, P. Kalmen
Relevance: Male breast cancer (BC) is one of the rarest diseases and accounts for 1/100 of detected BC cases in both sexes. About 30-70% of breast cancer cases in men develop against the background of gynecomastia, particularly its nodular form. The biology of the disease differs in men, but the approaches to diagnostics and treatment are usually extrapolated from those used in women. This study aimed to demonstrate the results of each stage of a male patient with BC diagnostics and treatment. Methods: The article presents a clinical case of a male patient diagnosed with «Cancer in the right breast St III (T4NxM0), Edematous-infiltrative form with an intraductal component, upper outer localization. Immunohistochemically luminal subtype B without Her2neu expression». The data from literary sources and clinical protocols on the male BC diagnosis and treatment were also reviewed. Results: The patient received four courses of preoperative chemotherapy according to the “AС” scheme Doxorubicin 60 mg/m2 (CD 120 mg) + Cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 (CD 1200 mg). Intermediate instrumental and laboratory control and assessing the response to treatment according to the RECIST criteria are planned. Conclusion: The presented rare clinical case of male BC demonstrates that diagnostics and treatment at the initial stage remain the same as recommended for women. Identical preoperative and adjuvant chemotherapy regimens are applicable. Since most male BC express estrogen receptors, endocrine therapy such as tamoxifen is the kind of routine for adjuvant male BC treatment. This article describes the performed laboratory and instrumental diagnostics and preoperative chemotherapy treatment of the patient. The second part of the publication will present the results of the performed chemotherapy and surgical treatment and recommendations issued to the patient
{"title":"MALE BREAST CANCER TREATMENT: \u0000CLINICAL CASE","authors":"D. Kaidarova, M. Dmitrenko, N. Chichua, K. Smagulova, R. Abdrakhmanov, S. Kaldarbekov, P. Kalmen","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-33-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-33-38","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Male breast cancer (BC) is one of the rarest diseases and accounts for 1/100 of detected BC cases in both sexes. About 30-70% \u0000of breast cancer cases in men develop against the background of gynecomastia, particularly its nodular form. The biology of the disease differs in \u0000men, but the approaches to diagnostics and treatment are usually extrapolated from those used in women. \u0000This study aimed to demonstrate the results of each stage of a male patient with BC diagnostics and treatment. \u0000Methods: The article presents a clinical case of a male patient diagnosed with «Cancer in the right breast St III (T4NxM0), Edematous-infiltrative form with an intraductal component, upper outer localization. Immunohistochemically luminal subtype B without Her2neu expression». The \u0000data from literary sources and clinical protocols on the male BC diagnosis and treatment were also reviewed. \u0000Results: The patient received four courses of preoperative chemotherapy according to the “AС” scheme Doxorubicin 60 mg/m2 \u0000 (CD 120 mg) + \u0000Cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 \u0000 (CD 1200 mg). Intermediate instrumental and laboratory control and assessing the response to treatment according \u0000to the RECIST criteria are planned. \u0000Conclusion: The presented rare clinical case of male BC demonstrates that diagnostics and treatment at the initial stage remain the same as \u0000recommended for women. Identical preoperative and adjuvant chemotherapy regimens are applicable. Since most male BC express estrogen receptors, endocrine therapy such as tamoxifen is the kind of routine for adjuvant male BC treatment. This article describes the performed laboratory \u0000and instrumental diagnostics and preoperative chemotherapy treatment of the patient. The second part of the publication will present the results of \u0000the performed chemotherapy and surgical treatment and recommendations issued to the patient","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77963285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-24-27
Т. Amanov
Relevance: Esophageal cancer is in 4th place, and gastric cancer is in 3rd place in terms of cancer incidence in the West Kazakhstan region (WKR). In 2019-2021, an average of 80-120 patients had identified annually, of which 40-50 patients underwent surgical treatment. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed improved method of suturing the anastomosis and enhancing the results of surgery by reducing postoperative complications in the form of anastomosis failure and reducing the time of the intra-operative period. Methods: In 2019-2021, 150 operations on the esophagus and stomach were performed in the Regional Oncological Dispensary of the West Kazakhstan Region (Uralsk, Kazakhstan) in the amount of Lewis operation – 76, Garlock operation – 29, extended gastrectomy – 45. According to the method of M.I. Davydov, the standard technique of suturing includes four stages and involves the imposition of 16 stitches. In the proposed version, an improved technique consisting of 3 steps is used without forming the second row of anterior lip anastomosis sutures. The results were evaluated according to the following criteria: a) the number of cases of anastomosis failure compared to the standard procedure; b) the duration of the intraoperative period. Results: Using an improved technique for applying esophagogastric and esophago-intestinal anastomosis has reduced the number of postoperative complications. So, from 2019-2021, postoperative complications decreased from 8.1% to 3.9%. Conclusion: The effectiveness and practicality of the proposed technique of applying esophagogastric and esophago-intestinal anastomosis during operations in patients with diseases of the esophagus and stomach have been proven.
{"title":"SUTURING TECHNIQUE FOR ESOPHAGOGASTRIC AND GASTROENTEROANASTOMOSIS \u0000DURING OPERATIONS ON THE ESOPHAGUS AND STOMACH","authors":"Т. Amanov","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-24-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-24-27","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Esophageal cancer is in 4th place, and gastric cancer is in 3rd place in terms of cancer incidence in the West Kazakhstan region \u0000(WKR). In 2019-2021, an average of 80-120 patients had identified annually, of which 40-50 patients underwent surgical treatment. \u0000The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed improved method of suturing the anastomosis and enhancing the results of surgery by reducing postoperative complications in the form of anastomosis failure and reducing the time of the intra-operative period. \u0000Methods: In 2019-2021, 150 operations on the esophagus and stomach were performed in the Regional Oncological Dispensary of the West \u0000Kazakhstan Region (Uralsk, Kazakhstan) in the amount of Lewis operation – 76, Garlock operation – 29, extended gastrectomy – 45. \u0000According to the method of M.I. Davydov, the standard technique of suturing includes four stages and involves the imposition of 16 stitches. \u0000In the proposed version, an improved technique consisting of 3 steps is used without forming the second row of anterior lip anastomosis sutures. \u0000The results were evaluated according to the following criteria: a) the number of cases of anastomosis failure compared to the standard procedure; b) the duration of the intraoperative period. \u0000Results: Using an improved technique for applying esophagogastric and esophago-intestinal anastomosis has reduced the number of postoperative complications. So, from 2019-2021, postoperative complications decreased from 8.1% to 3.9%. \u0000Conclusion: The effectiveness and practicality of the proposed technique of applying esophagogastric and esophago-intestinal anastomosis \u0000during operations in patients with diseases of the esophagus and stomach have been proven.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85280348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-19-23
A. Panina, Zhamilya Zholdybay, E. Turkinbaev, T. Seisenbaev, A. Tusupova, A. Mukhamedzhan
Relevance: With the introduction of low-dose lung cancer screening, it became necessary to study the radiological characteristics of detected nodules in order to determine the optimal tactics for managing patients, reduce mortality by detecting early stages, and also to reduce the number of false-positive results. The study aimed to investigate the radiological semiotics of lung lesions detected by low-dose lung cancer screening and classified as categories 4A and 4B according to the Lung-RADS 1.1 and establish the relationship between their characteristics and possible malignancy. Methods: We studied the results of 167 LDCT images of the chest. All LDCT examinations were performed on CT scanners with a low dose protocol that did not exceed 1 mSv. Results: Of the 167 identified lesions in the lungs, 89 (53.3%) were pathologically verified: 6 (7.1%) cases from the Lung-RADS 4A category and 83 (100%) from the Lung-RADS 4B category. According to pathomorphological examination, 74 (83.1%) out of 89 participants had malignant tumors. In the studied categories, the association between the development of lung cancer and gender Odds Ratio was statistically significant – 2.320 (95% CI 1.230-4.376). Most lung cancer cases had solid nodules (83.8%) with tuberous contours (43.2%), a density of 20-35 HU, and the reaction of the adjacent pleura (58.1%). Conclusion: The study of pathognomonic radiological characteristics of lung lesions will improve the early diagnosis of lung cancer and reduce the number of false-positive results.
{"title":"CHARACTERISTICS OF LUNG-RADS 4A AND 4B CATEGORY NODULES DETECTED DURING \u0000LUNG CANCER SCREENING USING LOW-DOSE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY","authors":"A. Panina, Zhamilya Zholdybay, E. Turkinbaev, T. Seisenbaev, A. Tusupova, A. Mukhamedzhan","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-19-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2022-2-64-19-23","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: With the introduction of low-dose lung cancer screening, it became necessary to study the radiological characteristics of detected \u0000nodules in order to determine the optimal tactics for managing patients, reduce mortality by detecting early stages, and also to reduce the number \u0000of false-positive results. \u0000The study aimed to investigate the radiological semiotics of lung lesions detected by low-dose lung cancer screening and classified as categories 4A and 4B according to the Lung-RADS 1.1 and establish the relationship between their characteristics and possible malignancy. \u0000Methods: We studied the results of 167 LDCT images of the chest. All LDCT examinations were performed on CT scanners with a low dose \u0000protocol that did not exceed 1 mSv. \u0000Results: Of the 167 identified lesions in the lungs, 89 (53.3%) were pathologically verified: 6 (7.1%) cases from the Lung-RADS 4A category \u0000and 83 (100%) from the Lung-RADS 4B category. According to pathomorphological examination, 74 (83.1%) out of 89 participants had malignant \u0000tumors. In the studied categories, the association between the development of lung cancer and gender Odds Ratio was statistically significant – \u00002.320 (95% CI 1.230-4.376). Most lung cancer cases had solid nodules (83.8%) with tuberous contours (43.2%), a density of 20-35 HU, and the \u0000reaction of the adjacent pleura (58.1%). \u0000Conclusion: The study of pathognomonic radiological characteristics of lung lesions will improve the early diagnosis of lung cancer and \u0000reduce the number of false-positive results.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85947365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.52532/2663-4864-2022-1-63-32-35
Yulduzkhan Dauytova, Zhamilya Zholdybay, Zh. Zhakenova, J. Amankulov, S. Baigulova
Relevance: PET/CT has become an integral part of the diagnostic algorithm in lymphoma patients since lymphomas actively accumulate 18F-FDG. The high accuracy of PET/CT in patients with certain lymphoma types allows effective use of this method in clinical practice for diagnosis, staging, re-staging, evaluating the effectiveness of treatment, and determining further patient management tactics. The study aimed to evaluate the PET/CT capacity in assessing lymphoma treatment effectiveness. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of PET/CT 18F-FDG results in 109 patients with a verified lymphoma diagnosis. The patients underwent PET/CT examinations at “Orhun Medical” PET/CT center based in the JSC “Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology” (Almaty, Kazakhstan). Results: According to PET/CT results in assessing the lymphoma treatment effectiveness, the stabilization of the process was achieved in 38.5% of cases, progression – in 33.03%, a partial metabolic response – in 18.35%, and a complete response – in 10.09% of cases. Conclusion: PET/CT is the method of choice for evaluating the effectiveness of lymphoma treatment compared to other radiological techniques. PET/CT is based on determining metabolic treatment response, not only on size indicators. It plays an essential role in different stages of lymphoma treatment, providing new opportunities for personalized treatment.
{"title":"PET/CT IN ASSESSING THE LYMPHOMA RESPONSE TO TREATMENT","authors":"Yulduzkhan Dauytova, Zhamilya Zholdybay, Zh. Zhakenova, J. Amankulov, S. Baigulova","doi":"10.52532/2663-4864-2022-1-63-32-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2663-4864-2022-1-63-32-35","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: PET/CT has become an integral part of the diagnostic algorithm in lymphoma patients since lymphomas actively accumulate 18F-FDG. The high accuracy of PET/CT in patients with certain lymphoma types allows effective use of this method in clinical practice \u0000for diagnosis, staging, re-staging, evaluating the effectiveness of treatment, and determining further patient management tactics. \u0000The study aimed to evaluate the PET/CT capacity in assessing lymphoma treatment effectiveness. \u0000Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of PET/CT 18F-FDG results in 109 patients with a verified lymphoma diagnosis. The \u0000patients underwent PET/CT examinations at “Orhun Medical” PET/CT center based in the JSC “Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology” (Almaty, Kazakhstan). \u0000Results: According to PET/CT results in assessing the lymphoma treatment effectiveness, the stabilization of the process was achieved \u0000in 38.5% of cases, progression – in 33.03%, a partial metabolic response – in 18.35%, and a complete response – in 10.09% of cases. \u0000Conclusion: PET/CT is the method of choice for evaluating the effectiveness of lymphoma treatment compared to other radiological \u0000techniques. PET/CT is based on determining metabolic treatment response, not only on size indicators. It plays an essential role in different \u0000stages of lymphoma treatment, providing new opportunities for personalized treatment.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74881644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.52532/2663-4864-2022-1-63-25-31
А. Khozhayev, D. Kaidarova, T. Sadykova, A. Rubanova
Relevance: Colorectal cancer is one of today’s most critical health issues globally and in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Taking leading positions in the general structure of oncopathology, this nosological form of tumors forces clinicians to develop ways to improve statistical indicators. The study aimed to review the epidemiological aspects of colorectal cancer in the Republic of Kazakhstan from 2011 to 2020. Methods: In a comparative aspect, the analytical assessment method was used to analyze the statistical indicators of the oncological service of the Republic of Kazakhstan for a decade, from 2011 to 2020. Results: We revealed an increase in the share of early (I-II) stage colon and rectal cancer cases. The percentage of early stages of rectal cancer was 61.5% in 2011 compared to 68.5% in 2020; in colon cancer, it was 36.5% and 53.1%, respectively. The share of advanced (locally advanced) stage III cases of visually accessible rectal cancer has decreased from 25.2% in 2011 to 18.3% in 2020. The overall 5-year survival in 2020 amounted to 50.7%for colon cancer and 46.0%for rectal cancer, and these were the best rates in the entire decade. We also found territorial specifics in this pathology incidence. The one-year and overall mortality decreased from 2011 to 2020. The one-year mortality went down from 29.2 to 18.8 for rectal cancer and 31.9 to 19.8 for colon cancer; the overall mortality went from 4.5 to 3.9 for rectal cancer and 4.8 to 4.1 for colon cancer. Conclusions: An analytical assessment of the statistical indicators of colorectal cancer over the decade showed that there are regions that excel in incidence rates from year to year. At the same time, indicators of early diagnosis and overall 5-year survival have improved, and one-year and overall mortality has decreased.
{"title":"EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF COLORECTAL CANCER IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN","authors":"А. Khozhayev, D. Kaidarova, T. Sadykova, A. Rubanova","doi":"10.52532/2663-4864-2022-1-63-25-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2663-4864-2022-1-63-25-31","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Colorectal cancer is one of today’s most critical health issues globally and in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Taking leading positions in the general structure of oncopathology, this nosological form of tumors forces clinicians to develop ways to improve statistical indicators. \u0000The study aimed to review the epidemiological aspects of colorectal cancer in the Republic of Kazakhstan from 2011 to 2020. \u0000Methods: In a comparative aspect, the analytical assessment method was used to analyze the statistical indicators of the oncological \u0000service of the Republic of Kazakhstan for a decade, from 2011 to 2020. \u0000Results: We revealed an increase in the share of early (I-II) stage colon and rectal cancer cases. The percentage of early stages of rectal \u0000cancer was 61.5% in 2011 compared to 68.5% in 2020; in colon cancer, it was 36.5% and 53.1%, respectively. \u0000The share of advanced (locally advanced) stage III cases of visually accessible rectal cancer has decreased from 25.2% in 2011 to \u000018.3% in 2020. The overall 5-year survival in 2020 amounted to 50.7%for colon cancer and 46.0%for rectal cancer, and these were the \u0000best rates in the entire decade. We also found territorial specifics in this pathology incidence. \u0000The one-year and overall mortality decreased from 2011 to 2020. The one-year mortality went down from 29.2 to 18.8 for rectal cancer \u0000and 31.9 to 19.8 for colon cancer; the overall mortality went from 4.5 to 3.9 for rectal cancer and 4.8 to 4.1 for colon cancer. \u0000Conclusions: An analytical assessment of the statistical indicators of colorectal cancer over the decade showed that there are regions \u0000that excel in incidence rates from year to year. At the same time, indicators of early diagnosis and overall 5-year survival have improved, \u0000and one-year and overall mortality has decreased.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90831636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.52532/2521-6414-2022-1-63-51-55
N. Tabynbaev, T. Kurmanov, A. Digay, ShB. Mugalbekov, A. Mukazhanov, U. Zhanybyrbekuly, D. Mustafinov
Relevance: Restoration of ureteral patency in patients with extended defects is one of the most challenging problems in urology. Post-radiation strictures and iatrogenic injuries of the ureter during surgical interventions on the small pelvis and abdominal cavity organs are quite common in urological practice. In cases where it is impossible to restore the ureter with the help of one’s own tissues or the bladder, one of the possible interventions is the use of the appendix due to the similarity in the wall’s structure and peristaltic ability. The article aimed to describe the technique of appendicoureteroplasty for post-radiation ureteral strictures. Methods: The article describes a clinical case of a surgical intervention to replace a part of the right ureter in a patient with an extended ureteral defect at the clinic of the National Research Cancer Center (Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan). Results: The article presents the results of surgical treatment of a patient with extended post-radiation stricture of the ureter using the appendix on the mesentery. The effectiveness of restoring the urodynamics of the upper urinary tract has been shown. Conclusions: The obtained data shows that replacing the ureter with the vermix reduces the risk of hydronephrosis and improves the kidneys’ incretory and excretory functions
{"title":"EXPERIENCE IN CORRECTING POST-RADIATION STRICTURE \u0000OF THE URETER BY THE VERMIX: \u0000A CLINICAL CASE","authors":"N. Tabynbaev, T. Kurmanov, A. Digay, ShB. Mugalbekov, A. Mukazhanov, U. Zhanybyrbekuly, D. Mustafinov","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2022-1-63-51-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2022-1-63-51-55","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Restoration of ureteral patency in patients with extended defects is one of the most challenging problems in urology. Post-radiation \u0000strictures and iatrogenic injuries of the ureter during surgical interventions on the small pelvis and abdominal cavity organs are quite common in \u0000urological practice. In cases where it is impossible to restore the ureter with the help of one’s own tissues or the bladder, one of the possible interventions is the use of the appendix due to the similarity in the wall’s structure and peristaltic ability. \u0000The article aimed to describe the technique of appendicoureteroplasty for post-radiation ureteral strictures. \u0000Methods: The article describes a clinical case of a surgical intervention to replace a part of the right ureter in a patient with an extended \u0000ureteral defect at the clinic of the National Research Cancer Center (Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan). \u0000Results: The article presents the results of surgical treatment of a patient with extended post-radiation stricture of the ureter using the appendix \u0000on the mesentery. The effectiveness of restoring the urodynamics of the upper urinary tract has been shown. \u0000Conclusions: The obtained data shows that replacing the ureter with the vermix reduces the risk of hydronephrosis and improves the kidneys’ \u0000incretory and excretory functions","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":"398 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79628453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.52532/2663-4864-2022-1-63-17-24
D. Tuleuova, G. Serikbayev, А. Kurmanalyev, Z. Pyssanova, А. Yelekbayev
Relevance: Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal origin malignant neoplasms (MNs). The peak incidence of bone tumors falls at a socially significant age: with osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma – 10-25 years, with chondrosarcoma – 35-40 years. Bone sarcomas are the most aggressive human MNs. This urges to determine the prognostic factors of the disease, timely assess the treatment effect, and identify possible relapses. The study aimed to improve the early diagnosis of bone sarcomas, to improve and increase the oncological alertness of doctors by establishing the trends in bone sarcoma incidence and mortality in Kazakhstan in 2010-2019 and this disease incidence and mortality in 2019 by age, gender, bone tumor histotype and region of the country. Materials and Methods: This study included the data of all patients registered at the Electronic Registry of Oncological Patients (EROP) of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2010-2019 with a “bone sarcoma” diagnosis (ICD-10 code: C40-C41). The incidence of bone sarcomas was presented as absolute and crude rates per 100,000 population. Absolute standardized morbidity and mortality were calculated using the World Standard. MS Excel 2016 was used to display the results graphically. Results: By the end of 2019, 1587 patients were registered with bone sarcomas in Kazakhstan. From 2010 to 2019, the incidence of bone sarcoma in Kazakhstan decreased by 39%, including 36% among men and 40% among women. Mortality decreased by 37% to 0.7% per 100,000 population. Bone sarcoma is not among the 20 most common types of cancer in Kazakhstan. It accounts for 0.7% of all new cases of MN (2010-2019). The peak incidence of bone sarcoma was observed at the age below 20 years (20%), and mortality – was registered at 45-54 years (22%). Conclusion: The rare occurrence of bone MNs can cause misdiagnosis during the initial examination. Bone sarcomas account for 0.8% of all MNs diagnosed in Kazakhstan. However, the aggressiveness of the course and rapid hematogenous metastasis causes a high percentage of neglect of this disease during the initial visit. In addition, bone sarcomas are more common than other MNs in young adults and adolescents. Therefore, the prognosis of primary bone sarcomas depends on many factors.
{"title":"CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BONE SARCOMAS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN IN 2010-2019","authors":"D. Tuleuova, G. Serikbayev, А. Kurmanalyev, Z. Pyssanova, А. Yelekbayev","doi":"10.52532/2663-4864-2022-1-63-17-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2663-4864-2022-1-63-17-24","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal origin malignant neoplasms (MNs). The peak incidence of bone tumors falls at a socially significant age: with osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma – 10-25 years, with chondrosarcoma – 35-40 years. Bone \u0000sarcomas are the most aggressive human MNs. This urges to determine the prognostic factors of the disease, timely assess the treatment \u0000effect, and identify possible relapses. \u0000The study aimed to improve the early diagnosis of bone sarcomas, to improve and increase the oncological alertness of doctors by \u0000establishing the trends in bone sarcoma incidence and mortality in Kazakhstan in 2010-2019 and this disease incidence and mortality in \u00002019 by age, gender, bone tumor histotype and region of the country. \u0000Materials and Methods: This study included the data of all patients registered at the Electronic Registry of Oncological Patients \u0000(EROP) of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2010-2019 with a “bone sarcoma” diagnosis (ICD-10 code: C40-C41). The incidence of bone \u0000sarcomas was presented as absolute and crude rates per 100,000 population. Absolute standardized morbidity and mortality were calculated using the World Standard. MS Excel 2016 was used to display the results graphically. \u0000Results: By the end of 2019, 1587 patients were registered with bone sarcomas in Kazakhstan. From 2010 to 2019, the incidence of \u0000bone sarcoma in Kazakhstan decreased by 39%, including 36% among men and 40% among women. Mortality decreased by 37% to 0.7% \u0000per 100,000 population. Bone sarcoma is not among the 20 most common types of cancer in Kazakhstan. It accounts for 0.7% of all new \u0000cases of MN (2010-2019). The peak incidence of bone sarcoma was observed at the age below 20 years (20%), and mortality – was registered at 45-54 years (22%). \u0000Conclusion: The rare occurrence of bone MNs can cause misdiagnosis during the initial examination. Bone sarcomas account for \u00000.8% of all MNs diagnosed in Kazakhstan. However, the aggressiveness of the course and rapid hematogenous metastasis causes a high \u0000percentage of neglect of this disease during the initial visit. In addition, bone sarcomas are more common than other MNs in young adults \u0000and adolescents. Therefore, the prognosis of primary bone sarcomas depends on many factors.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83777742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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