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Tunability of luminescence emission and thermal stability of tellurite glass doped with rare earth 稀土掺杂碲酸盐玻璃的发光发射可调性和热稳定性

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172595

Ali M. Alshehri , Bilel Charfi , Wejdan H. Al-yami , Ramzi Maalej , Kamel Damak , Khalid I. Hussein , Manuela Reben , Hesham Afifi , Badriah Sultan , El Sayed Yousef

In this study, the thermal stability and optical properties of 60TeO₂-10BaF₂-10ZnO-10Nb₂O₅-5Bi₂O₃-5TiO₂ as host tellurite glasses doped with different thulium oxide (Tm₂O₃) concentrations from 0 to 4 × 10⁴ ppm were investigated. The glasses obtained have a high value of thermal stability, density, molar volume, optical packing density, molar refraction, and molar polarizability. The optical energy gap, third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility, and refractive index of the synthesized glass were determined. The Judd–Ofelt theory was used to calculate the spectroscopic parameters Ω₂, Ω₄, and Ω₆, as well as the probability of spontaneous emission AJJ’ for the produced glass. The prepared materials exhibited a long radiative lifetime and a high spectroscopic quality factor (Ω₄/Ω₆). Both the experimental and simulated values of the emission cross-section of the prepared glasses increased with increasing Tm₂O₃ concentration. The obtained results demonstrate that the synthesized glasses exhibit significant potential as active media for light-emitting and photonic applications. This conclusion is further substantiated by the analysis of the correlated color temperature (CCT) characteristics and the Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage (CIE, 1913) chromaticity coordinates.

本文研究了60TeO2-10BaF2-10ZnO-10Nb2O5-5Bi2O3-5TiO2作为主体碲酸盐玻璃，在0 ~ 4 × 104 ppm范围内掺杂不同浓度的氧化铥（Tm2O3），研究其热稳定性和光学性能。所制得的玻璃具有较高的热稳定性、密度、摩尔体积、光学堆积密度、摩尔折射率和摩尔极化率。测定了合成玻璃的光能隙、三阶非线性光磁化率和折射率。利用Judd-Ofelt理论计算了所制玻璃的光谱参数Ω₂、Ω₄和Ω₆，以及自发发射AJJ '的概率。制备的材料具有较长的辐射寿命和较高的光谱质量因子（Ω₄/Ω₆）。制备的玻璃的发射截面的实验值和模拟值都随着Tm₂O₃浓度的增加而增加。所得结果表明，合成的玻璃具有作为发光和光子应用的主动介质的巨大潜力。相关色温（CCT）特征和国际委员会Éclairage （CIE, 1913）色度坐标的分析进一步证实了这一结论。

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引用次数: 0

Photoinduced birefringence studies in CuO doped Pb3O4-Bi2O3-B2O3 glass ceramics using femtosecond laser 用飞秒激光研究CuO掺杂Pb3O4-Bi2O3-B2O3玻璃陶瓷的光致双折射

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172600

D. Bhadrarao , P. Rakus , A. Venkata Sekhar , V. Chitti Babu , Y. Dana Rao , V. Ravi Kumar , G. Naga Raju , N. Purnachand , N. Venkatramaiah , N. Veeraiah

In this investigation, photo-induced birefringence of Pb₃O₄-Bi₂O₃-B₂O₃ glass ceramics doped with varying content of CuO (ranging from 0.2 to 1.0 mol%) is presented. The photo-induced birefringence (PIB) exhibited a delayed relaxation process lasting few seconds and indicated that the anisotropic photorefractive (PR) effect significantly exceeded the fast Kerr effect. Photorefractive birefringence reached a maximum at a CuO concentration of 0.2 mol%, likely due to enhanced depolymerization of the glass ceramic network that reduces the phonon losses. This is ascribed to the predominant fraction of Cu^2 + ions occupying octahedral (O_h) sites and acting as modifiers. Increasing the CuO content further, up to nearly 0.8 mol%, the magnitude of photorefractive birefringence is observed to reduce. Phonon losses increase because a higher proportion of Cu⁺ ions occupy tetrahedral (T_d) positions within the glass ceramic in this concentration range, resulting in stronger interactions between different structural groups in the material. Electrical conductivity and ultrasonic measurements corroborate this finding. Additionally, these glass ceramics were found to be composed of anisotropic CuBi₂O₄ crystal phases, which enhance their photorefractive (PR) properties. Notably, compositions containing approximately 0.2 mol% CuO demonstrate optimal PR efficiency and are promising candidates for practical applications.

本文研究了掺杂不同CuO含量（0.2 ~ 1.0 mol%）的Pb3O4-Bi2O3-B2O3玻璃陶瓷的光致双折射。光致双折射（PIB）表现出持续数秒的延迟弛豫过程，表明各向异性光折变（PR）效应明显超过快速Kerr效应。光折变双折射在CuO浓度为0.2 mol%时达到最大值，这可能是由于玻璃陶瓷网络的解聚增强，减少了声子损失。这是由于Cu2 +离子占据八面体（Oh）位点并作为修饰剂的主要部分。进一步增加CuO含量，接近0.8 mol%时，光折变双折射幅度减小。在此浓度范围内，由于较高比例的Cu+离子占据玻璃陶瓷内的四面体（Td）位置，导致材料中不同结构基团之间的相互作用更强，声子损失增加。电导率和超声波测量证实了这一发现。此外，发现这些玻璃陶瓷由各向异性CuBi2O4晶相组成，这提高了它们的光折变（PR）性能。值得注意的是，含有约0.2 mol% CuO的组合物显示出最佳的PR效率，并且是实际应用的有希望的候选物。

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引用次数: 0

Deep color transfer learning for wireless capsule endoscope image enhancement using adaptive multiple discriminator UNIT 基于自适应多鉴别器单元的无线胶囊内窥镜图像增强的深颜色迁移学习

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172583

S. Anand, R.S. Sowparnika, S. Shalini

Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is a noninvasive method to visualize the inside of the digestive tract. A WCE image frequently has low contrast, variable lightness, and poor visibility due to the camera's limited capabilities, and traditional enhancing techniques are difficult to apply in many situations. Most approaches use predetermined parameters and ignore intrinsic information; they are unable to maintain true color without introducing incorrect data. The proposed method transfers the colors using a generative adversarial network (GAN) and an unsupervised image-to-image translation (UNIT) model. The proposed model proposes an adaptive four-discriminator

(D)

UNIT (Ada4D-U) designed to learn the translation between two visual domains. It consists of one generator (

G

) and four adaptive

D

. Two

D

are used for adaptive color adjustment, and another two

D

are used for adaptive feature mapping. Two WCE datasets, Kvasir and Red Lesion (RL), are used to evaluate enhanced image quality via reference and non-reference metrics. The proposed approach performs better in terms of image quality and the structural similarity index. The Frechet inception distance (FID) metric is used to measure how much the proposed UNIT model has improved. The proposed method is applied as a pre-processing step for WCE tasks, including bleeding lesion detection and lesion segmentation, and its effectiveness is demonstrated on the RL dataset. The performance increase in segmentation and detection is analyzed using metrics such as accuracy, F1 score, dice coefficient, Jaccard index, and so forth.

无线胶囊内窥镜（WCE）是一种无创的方法来观察消化道内部。由于相机功能的限制，WCE图像经常存在对比度低、亮度可变和可视性差的问题，传统的增强技术难以在许多情况下应用。大多数方法使用预定参数而忽略内在信息；如果不引入不正确的数据，它们就无法保持真实的颜色。该方法使用生成对抗网络（GAN）和无监督图像到图像转换（UNIT）模型来传输颜色。该模型提出了一种自适应四鉴别器单元（Ada4D-U），用于学习两个视觉域之间的转换。它由一个生成器(G)和四个自适应D组成，其中两个D用于自适应颜色调整，另外两个D用于自适应特征映射。两个WCE数据集，Kvasir和Red病变（RL），通过参考和非参考指标来评估增强的图像质量。该方法在图像质量和结构相似度指标方面表现较好。Frechet初始距离（FID）度量用于衡量所提出的UNIT模型改进了多少。将该方法作为出血病灶检测和病灶分割等WCE任务的预处理步骤，并在RL数据集上验证了其有效性。使用精度、F1分数、骰子系数、Jaccard指数等指标来分析分割和检测方面的性能提升。

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引用次数: 0

Design and simulation of a microfluidic integrated photonic waveguide microring sensor 微流控集成光子波导微环传感器的设计与仿真

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172596

C.H. Sowmya, G. Seshikala

This study presents a simulation based analysis of silicon microring resonator structures integrated with rectangular microfluidic channels for temperature dependent blood sensing. Single to quadruple ring configurations are designed to investigate the influence of geometric scaling on optical sensitivity and fluid dynamic behaviour. Temperature dependent refractive index variations of blood are used as input to simulate transmission spectra and resonance shifts over the range of 20°C to 45°C. Additionally, fluid flow characteristics including velocity and pressure distribution are analyzed for micro channels of varying geometrical profiles. Results shows a clear increase in resonance wavelength shift and peak sharpness with higher ring count, indicating enhanced sensitivity 780.2 nm/RIU and improved Q factor of 15468. Simulations also confirm that as blood temperature increases, fluid velocity increases while pressure drop decreases, consistent with thermal viscosity reduction. These findings demonstrate the potential of multi ring photonic sensors in real time, label-free, and thermally responsive bio sensing applications.

本文研究了一种基于仿真的基于矩形微流控通道的硅微环谐振器结构，用于温度依赖性血液传感。设计了单环和四环结构，以研究几何尺度对光学灵敏度和流体动力学行为的影响。使用温度相关的血液折射率变化作为输入来模拟在20°C至45°C范围内的透射光谱和共振位移。此外，还分析了不同几何形状微通道的流体流动特性，包括速度和压力分布。结果表明，随着环数的增加，共振波长位移和峰锐度明显增加，灵敏度提高了780.2 nm/RIU， Q因子提高了15468。模拟还证实，随着血液温度的升高，流体速度增加，压降降低，与热粘度降低一致。这些发现证明了多环光子传感器在实时、无标签和热响应生物传感应用中的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Generation of pulse bursts and broadband spectrum in a hundred-meter-long Yb-doped fiber laser 百米长掺镱光纤激光器中脉冲爆发和宽带频谱的产生

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172599

Dongxin Gao , Minghui Sun , Yunli Yu , Wenyu Wang , Weixin Liu , Yuzhai Pan

We report an experimental investigation into the generation and control of multi-pulse bursts in a passively mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser based on nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR). By systematically adjusting the polarization controller (PC) at a fixed pump power, we successfully realize controllable pulse bursts with varying pulse numbers and intervals. Notably, distinct pulse interval distributions are observed in the output configurations ranging from 1 to 5 pulses. Additionally, a broadband spectrum with a 20 dB bandwidth extending up to 66 nm is achieved, attributed to the interplay between Raman scattering and polarization state modulation within the laser cavity. These findings demonstrate the potential for precise pulse control and broad spectral generation in NPR based fiber lasers.

本文报道了一种基于非线性偏振旋转（NPR）的被动锁模掺镱光纤激光器中多脉冲爆发的产生和控制的实验研究。在固定的泵浦功率下，通过系统调节偏振控制器（PC），成功地实现了可变脉冲数和间隔的可控脉冲爆发。值得注意的是，在1到5个脉冲的输出配置中观察到不同的脉冲间隔分布。此外，由于激光腔内拉曼散射和偏振态调制之间的相互作用，实现了带宽为20 dB的宽带频谱，延伸至66 nm。这些发现证明了在基于NPR的光纤激光器中实现精确脉冲控制和广谱产生的潜力。

引用次数: 0

Asymmetry of plane-mirror imaging 平面镜成像不对称

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172579

Guilin Wen

Mirror symmetry is commonly used to describe parity conservation in physics. This kind of chiral symmetry concept originates from daily observations and the virtual image principle of plane-mirror imaging. However, no one can measure accurately the symmetry between an object and its plane-mirror image in the real world. The aim of this paper is to propose the asymmetry of plane-mirror imaging itself as a novel conclusion in optics. The theoretical foundation of this asymmetry is the new reflection nature of imaging that mirror image results from diffused reflection, not from the traditional specular reflection. An experiment equivalent to the process of observing mirror images using human’s eyes is first built to show the fact that plane mirror can produce REAL image on light screen in front of the mirror. Some other experiments and optical analyses are then implemented to validate that the traditional virtual image theory does not provide the symmetry of plane-mirror imaging. Furthermore, based on the microscopic reflecting mechanism of polarized Mobius-strip effect, one can obtain the properties on spatial shift of reflection point to incident point, and breaking of space inversion invariance. Viewed from both microscopic light-medium interaction and geometric optics, these results can confirm astonishingly the asymmetry of plane-mirror imaging itself.

在物理学中，镜像对称通常用来描述宇称守恒。这种手性对称概念来源于日常观测和平面镜成像的虚像原理。然而，在现实世界中，没有人能够精确地测量物体与其平面镜镜像之间的对称性。本文的目的是提出平面镜成像本身的不对称性作为光学中的一个新结论。这种不对称的理论基础是成像的新反射性质，即镜像是由漫反射产生的，而不是传统的镜面反射。首先建立了一个相当于人眼观察镜像过程的实验，证明了平面镜可以在镜子前的光屏上产生真实的图像。通过实验和光学分析，验证了传统的虚像理论不能提供平面镜成像的对称性。此外，基于偏振莫比乌斯带效应的微观反射机理，可以得到反射点到入射点的空间位移和空间反演不变性的打破。从微观光介质相互作用和几何光学角度来看，这些结果可以惊人地证实平面镜成像本身的不对称性。

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引用次数: 0

Cavity modes’ photon statistics of parametric oscillator with lambda three-level atom and squeezed vacuum reservoirs 带λ三能级原子和压缩真空容器的参量振荡器的腔模光子统计

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172580

Abebe Yeshaw, Misrak Getahun

We consider the cavity modes whose cavity contains a nonlinear crystal generating correlated light and a lambda three-level atom, and both the atom and cavity modes are coupled to squeezed vacuum reservoirs. The statistical properties of the cavity lights are analyzed by employing the expectation values of the atomic and cavity modes variables at a steady state. The finding demonstrates that the two cavity modes have equal mean photon numbers and second-order correlation functions with super-Poissonian photon statistics. It is found that the nonlinear crystal in the cavity and squeezed vacuum reservoirs enhance the mean photon number of the cavity modes, but the atom–cavity coupling strength reduces the mean photon number. The probability of observing an equal number of modes’ photons in the cavity is higher than that of observing different numbers of photons.

我们考虑了包含产生相关光的非线性晶体和λ三能级原子的空腔模式，并且原子和空腔模式都耦合到压缩真空储层。利用稳态下原子模式和腔模式变量的期望值分析了腔光的统计特性。结果表明，两种腔模式具有相等的平均光子数和二阶相关函数，具有超泊松光子统计量。研究发现，腔内的非线性晶体和压缩真空储层提高了腔模的平均光子数，但原子-腔耦合强度降低了平均光子数。在腔内观察到相同数量的模式光子的概率高于观察到不同数量的光子的概率。

引用次数: 0

Theoretical approach of a 1D photonic coupler based on electromagnetically induced transparency resonances 基于电磁感应透明共振的一维光子耦合器的理论研究

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172570

Younes Errouas , Ilyass El kadmiri , Youssef Ben-Ali , Driss Bria

In this study, we present a one-dimensional photonic coupler system based on Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) resonances, designed to connect a single input to three outputs through a loop structure characterized by the dimensions d₀₁ and d₀₂. The proposed coupler operates as an ON–OFF switch and serves as the basis for multi-output multiplexers capable of filtering electromagnetic waves at distinct frequencies as required. The photonic coupler enables efficient transfer of electromagnetic waves between waveguides at specific frequencies by means of controlled coupling. The investigated structure consists of a resonant circuit connected to four semi-infinite waveguides. The resonant circuit, composed of waveguide segments and resonators, provides frequency-selective transmission in each channel, with the filtered frequency determined by the geometric parameters of the system.

在本研究中，我们提出了一种基于电磁感应透明（EIT）共振的一维光子耦合器系统，该系统旨在通过维度为d₀1和d₀2的环路结构将单个输入连接到三个输出。所提出的耦合器作为ON-OFF开关工作，并作为能够根据需要过滤不同频率电磁波的多输出多路复用器的基础。光子耦合器通过控制耦合使电磁波在特定频率的波导之间有效传输。所研究的结构由一个连接到四个半无限波导的谐振电路组成。谐振电路由波导段和谐振器组成，在每个通道中提供频率选择传输，滤波频率由系统的几何参数决定。

引用次数: 0

Watermarking based on asymmetric dual-image encryption using QZ algorithm and vortex toroidal lenses in fractional Hermite transform domain 基于QZ算法和分数阶Hermite变换域涡旋透镜的非对称双图像加密水印

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172598

Shalu , Phool Singh , A.K. Yadav

This paper presents an innovative optical asymmetric cryptosystem designed for dual-image encryption, leveraging QZ algorithm and structured phase masks enhanced with vortex and toroidal lenses. The proposed scheme integrates watermarking within the fractional Hermite transform domain to securely embed encrypted data into a host image. Dual-image encryption is achieved through the QZ synthesis process. The system’s performance has been evaluated using medical images for encryption and watermarking. Experimental results demonstrate its robustness against statistical attacks and conventional cryptographic attacks. Furthermore, a detailed sensitivity analysis of critical encryption parameters has been performed to assess system reliability. The proposed approach offers a novel and robust solution for secure dual-image encryption.

本文提出了一种创新的光学非对称密码系统，设计用于双图像加密，利用QZ算法和涡流和环形透镜增强的结构化相位掩模。该方案在分数艾尔米特变换域中集成了水印，将加密数据安全地嵌入到主图像中。双图像加密是通过QZ合成过程实现的。利用医学图像进行加密和水印，对系统的性能进行了评价。实验结果证明了该算法对统计攻击和传统密码攻击的鲁棒性。此外，还对关键加密参数进行了详细的敏感性分析，以评估系统的可靠性。该方法为安全的双图像加密提供了一种新颖的鲁棒解决方案。

引用次数: 0

A novel PCF-based optical sensor: Design and modeling for early malaria detection 基于pcf的新型光学传感器：早期疟疾检测的设计与建模

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172581

Sanjeev Mani Yadav

This paper presents a novel ring-shaped photonic crystal fiber (PCF)-based optical device, incorporating mathematical modeling and innovative design, for the early detection of malaria in human blood. The sensor utilizes a gold-coated PCF structure to achieve ultra-high amplitude sensitivity for different infected malaria RBC phases in human blood. The Schizont, Trophozoite, and Ring phases exhibited resonance wavelength shifts at 650 nm, 670 nm, and 690 nm, respectively, with maximum amplitude sensitivities reaching up to 8.3 × 10⁵ RIU⁻¹. The device demonstrated excellent linearity (R

^{2} \sim

0.99) and high wavelength sensitivities of up to 2857.14 nm/RIU. The proposed design offers unprecedented amplitude sensitivity not reported so far, establishing it as a highly promising, non-invasive, and cost-effective tool for rapid malaria diagnosis in medical applications.

本文提出了一种基于环形光子晶体光纤（PCF）的新型光学装置，结合数学建模和创新设计，用于早期检测人体血液中的疟疾。该传感器采用涂金的PCF结构，对人血液中不同感染疟疾红细胞阶段实现超高振幅灵敏度。分裂体、滋养体和环相分别在650 nm、670 nm和690 nm处发生共振波长偏移，最大振幅灵敏度可达8.3 × 105 RIU−1。该器件具有良好的线性度（R2 ~ 0.99）和高达2857.14 nm/RIU的高波长灵敏度。所提出的设计提供了前所未有的振幅灵敏度，迄今尚未报道，使其成为一种非常有前途的、非侵入性的、具有成本效益的工具，用于医疗应用中的快速疟疾诊断。

引用次数: 0

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