IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172530

Zeinelabedin A. Mohamed

Fano resonance with asymmetric and sharp spectral features has recently been intriguing for refractive index sensing. In this study, we demonstrate a Fano resonance sensor that employs the coupling between a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide and a semi-ring resonator. The MIM waveguide has a three-ring resonator built in the center, and high-field confinement is observed due to the coupling of the two structures. The coupled structure's transmission spectrum exhibits three Fano resonance modes that are influenced by structure geometry and the surrounding medium's refractive index. The high-quality factor (

Q - factor

) of mode 3 indicates that this sensor is suitable for use in optical sensing applications. To achieve maximum sensing performance, the parameters of the proposed structure are manipulated and different sensing parameters are computed. The sensor's estimated sensitivity of 3164.97 nm/RIU is equivalent to that of other Fano resonance sensors. Additionally, for plasmonic MIM sensors, the developed sensor achieves high values of

Q - factor

and

FOM

of 5420.99 and 5641.57

{RIU}^{- 1}

, respectively. The proposed high-sensitivity sensor could be an attractive choice for sensing applications because of its straightforward design and ease of fabrication. Also, the combination of very high sensitivity and FOM in a tiny and compact configuration is ideal for on-chip plasmonic nanosensors.

具有非对称和尖锐光谱特征的法诺共振近年来在折射率传感中引起了人们的兴趣。在这项研究中，我们展示了一种采用金属-绝缘体-金属（MIM）波导和半环形谐振器之间耦合的法诺谐振传感器。MIM波导的中心有一个三环谐振腔，由于两种结构的耦合，观察到高场约束。耦合结构的透射谱表现出三种范诺共振模式，这些模式受结构几何形状和周围介质折射率的影响。模式3的高质量因子（Q−因子）表明该传感器适合用于光学传感应用。为了获得最大的传感性能，对该结构的参数进行了操作，并计算了不同的传感参数。该传感器的估计灵敏度为3164.97 nm/RIU，与其他Fano谐振传感器相当。此外，对于等离子体MIM传感器，所开发的传感器Q−因子和FOM分别达到5420.99和5641.57 RIU−1的高值。所提出的高灵敏度传感器由于其简单的设计和易于制造，可能是传感应用的一个有吸引力的选择。此外，非常高的灵敏度和FOM结合在一个微小和紧凑的配置是理想的片上等离子体纳米传感器。

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引用次数: 0

Quick and simultaneous measurement of Phase retardation and azimuth of arbitrary wave plate based on phase compensation and dual-frequency laser heterodyne interferometry 基于相位补偿和双频激光外差干涉的任意波片相位滞后和方位角的快速同步测量

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172529

Qianghua Chen , Jie Mu , Yu Guan , Duo Shao , Fuming Liu , Hongbo Lv , Lina Si , Feng Wang

In this paper, a simple, quick and ingenious wave plate (WP) measurement method based on phase compensation and dual-frequency laser heterodyne interferometry is proposed. A key rotatable half wave plate (HWP) is used for modulating the phase of the measurement signal and compensate it to the maximum and minimum values in sequence. By only measuring the extreme values of phase difference change between the measurement and the reference signal as well as fast axis azimuth of the HWP, the phase retardation and fast axis azimuth of arbitrary WP can be derived simultaneously and quickly. The phase retardation’s measurement avoids the influence of the azimuth positioning accuracy of optical components that typically exists in many methods. The signal processing adopts phase detection means, which means higher accuracy than that by intensity detection means. The reference and measurement paths both contain p and s polarization components, so the system has the common optical path property, which means good stability. Error analysis shows the measurement uncertainty of the phase retardation is about 3.2′, and that of the fast axis azimuth is about 5'' (arcsecond) under existing experimental conditions. The experimental comparison results show good agreement with those by other two methods.

本文提出了一种基于相位补偿和双频激光外差干涉测量的简单、快速、巧妙的波片测量方法。采用键可旋转半波片（HWP）调制测量信号的相位，并按顺序将其补偿到最大值和最小值。通过测量测量值与参考信号之间的相位差变化极值以及HWP的快轴方位角，可以同时快速地推导任意WP的相位延迟和快轴方位角。相位延迟的测量避免了许多方法中存在的对光学元件方位定位精度的影响。信号处理采用相位检测手段，比强度检测手段精度更高。参考光路和测量光路都包含p偏振分量和s偏振分量，因此系统具有共同光路特性，这意味着良好的稳定性。误差分析表明，在现有实验条件下，相位延迟的测量不确定度约为3.2′，快轴方位角的测量不确定度约为5′（弧秒）。实验结果与其他两种方法的结果吻合较好。

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引用次数: 0

Twisted THz radiation from a prebunched relativistic electron beam using an ion channel guiding and helical magnetic wiggler 使用离子通道引导和螺旋磁摆动器的预聚束相对论电子束的扭曲太赫兹辐射

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172552

Himani Juneja, Anuraj Panwar, Prashant Chauhan

This study explores the enhancement of twisted terahertz (THz) radiation power by using a novel approach leveraging a relativistic electron beam modulated by twisted lasers. The modulated beam propagates through a helical magnetic wiggler and ion channel guiding that induces a transverse modulation in the electron density. The magnetic wiggler deflects the electron trajectories resulting in the emission of THz photons with a twisted phase structure. Our numerical results reveal a significant increase in THz power with rising ion channel frequency, peaking at a critical point where resonance is approached. Furthermore, we observe that maximum THz power is tunable with introduction of ion channel density and relativistic electron beam velocity. In present study, ion channeling also improves the twisted THz radiation power to the order of ∼

10^{- 2}

corresponding to beam energy of

1.64 MeV

approximately, which increase by nearly order of magnitude compared to previously reported values.

本研究探索了一种利用扭曲激光调制的相对论电子束的新方法来增强扭曲太赫兹（THz）辐射功率。调制光束通过螺旋磁振荡器和离子通道引导传播，离子通道引导引起电子密度的横向调制。磁摆动器使电子轨迹偏转，从而发射出具有扭曲相结构的太赫兹光子。我们的数值结果表明，随着离子通道频率的升高，太赫兹功率显著增加，并在接近共振的临界点处达到峰值。此外，我们观察到最大太赫兹功率可以随离子通道密度和相对论电子束速度的引入而调谐。在本研究中，离子通道还将扭曲太赫兹辐射功率提高到约为1.64MeV的束流能量对应的~ 10−2数量级，与先前报道的值相比增加了近一个数量级。

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引用次数: 0

Graphene-based series-fed plasmonic antenna array optimised with metaheuristic algorithm for 6G THz communications 基于元启发式算法优化的石墨烯串联等离子体天线阵列用于6G 太赫兹通信

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172514

Kalaiarasan K., Ramesh G. P.

This paper presents the modelling and optimisation of a compact series-fed plasmonic antenna array operating in the terahertz (THz) frequency range from 1 THz to 1.8 THz, suitable for 6 G communication applications. The proposed antenna is designed using graphene over a polyimide substrate, taking advantage of graphene’s tunable plasmonic properties and the substrate’s mechanical flexibility. The antenna elements are configured using a single resonator structure, comprising a rhombus-shaped resonator and an octagonal resonator, connected via a central cross dipole to ensure broadband impedance matching and stable radiation characteristics. Firefly Algorithm (FFA) is employed for optimisation, improving the antenna’s performance parameters. A series-fed configuration is adopted to achieve compact integration with directional gain. The design is extended to a two-element multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system for improved data throughput. The array occupies a physical size of 125 × 28 µm, corresponding to 0.417λ × 0.093λ at 1 THz, and achieves a fractional bandwidth of 55.5 %. The realized gain of the antenna is greater than 7.8 dBi and a total efficiency above 80 % across the entire operational band. Key MIMO performance indicators—envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain (DG), total active reflection coefficient (TARC), and channel capacity loss (CCL)—are evaluated and presented, demonstrating strong isolation and diversity performance. Simulation results confirm that the optimized antenna array, using FFA, is a promising candidate for integration into compact THz front-end modules for 6 G communication systems.

本文介绍了在1 ~ 1.8 太赫兹（THz）频率范围内工作的紧凑型串联等离子体天线阵列的建模和优化，适用于6 G通信应用。该天线是在聚酰亚胺衬底上使用石墨烯设计的，利用了石墨烯的可调谐等离子体特性和衬底的机械灵活性。天线元件采用单个谐振器结构配置，包括一个菱形谐振器和一个八角形谐振器，通过中心交叉偶极子连接，以确保宽带阻抗匹配和稳定的辐射特性。采用萤火虫算法（FFA）进行优化，提高了天线的性能参数。采用串联馈电结构，实现了定向增益的紧凑集成。该设计扩展到一个双元多输入多输出（MIMO）系统，以提高数据吞吐量。该阵列的物理尺寸为125 × 28 µm，在1 太赫兹下对应0.417λ × 0.093λ，分数带宽为55.5 %。该天线的实现增益大于7.8 dBi，整个工作频带的总效率在80% %以上。MIMO的关键性能指标——包络相关系数（ECC）、分集增益（DG）、总主动反射系数（TARC）和信道容量损失（CCL）进行了评估和展示，展示了强大的隔离和分集性能。仿真结果证实，采用FFA的优化天线阵列是集成到紧凑的6 G通信系统太赫兹前端模块中的有希望的候选天线。

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引用次数: 0

Biospeckle PIV (Particle image velocimetry) guided live micro-insect monitoring and tracking 生物散斑PIV（粒子图像测速）技术指导活体微虫监测与跟踪

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172556

Mohammad Zaheer Ansari

Using visible light biospeckle laser imaging (BLI), it is possible to track micro-insects. We present a biospeckle imaging system for real-time monitoring and tracking of micro-insects on leaf surface. A biospeckle technique integrated with PIV for real-time monitoring and individual tracking of live micro-insects is introduced. The study demonstrates how laser speckle patterns can be used to detect and visualize insect movement, offering a non-invasive and low-cost alternative to traditional insect monitoring methods. We employ the Generalized Differences (GD) algorithm to process speckle images and extract the local positions of moving insects over time. The experiment successfully tracks an ant’s movement, showcasing the system’s ability to generate activity maps and reconstruct insect trajectories. The study highlights the potential applications of BLI in environmental monitoring, pollinator tracking, and automated insect population assessment. The method is promising, particularly in its noninvasive nature and potential low-cost implementation.

利用可见光生物散斑激光成像（BLI）技术，可以对微小昆虫进行跟踪。提出了一种用于叶片表面微生物实时监测和跟踪的生物散斑成像系统。介绍了一种结合PIV技术的生物斑点技术，用于活体微虫的实时监测和个体跟踪。该研究展示了激光散斑模式如何用于检测和可视化昆虫运动，为传统的昆虫监测方法提供了一种非侵入性和低成本的替代方法。我们采用广义差分（GD）算法对斑点图像进行处理，提取移动昆虫随时间变化的局部位置。该实验成功地跟踪了一只蚂蚁的运动，展示了该系统生成活动图和重建昆虫轨迹的能力。该研究强调了BLI在环境监测、传粉者跟踪和昆虫种群自动评估等方面的潜在应用。这种方法很有前途，特别是它的非侵入性和潜在的低成本实施。

引用次数: 0

Configuration modifications of π-spacer and their hypothetical effect on indolo [3, 2, 1-jk] carbazole-based DSSCs performance π-间隔剂的构型改变及其对吲哚[3,2,1 -jk]咔唑基DSSCs性能的影响

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172550

Shamsa Bibi , Saba Ashraf , Sania Ismaeel , Shafiq UrRehman , Saba Jamil , Muhammad Adnan Iqbal , Shanza Rauf Khan , Samreen Gul Khan , Hong-Xing Zhang

In this study, a π-spacer modification technique was employed on indolo[3,2,1-jk] carbazole-based donor materials with a cyanoacrylic acid group as the acceptor to design nine new molecules. The π-spacer modification on the indolo[3,2,1-jk] carbazole-based donor materials offer advantages in improving DSSCs efficiency and optoelectrical behavior. The newly designed molecules were examined for several crucial parameters, including absorbance maximum, frontier molecular orbitals, excitation energy, light harvesting efficiency, Voc, and fill factor. All of the designed dyes significantly improved their optical and performance-related characteristics. Among the studied molecules, IC2, which featured an additional furan π-bridge with an ethyl group and a double furan ring around the azo group, displayed the broadest range of UV-Vis peak absorbance (547 nm) with the lowest energy of excitation (2.26 eV). Furthermore, the molecules with extended furan π-bridges exhibited high values of light harvesting ability, while those with pyrrole π-bridges, such as IC9, showed the highest open-circuit voltage (2.81V). Depending on these favorable properties, the molecules with additional π-bridges are considered promising candidates for DSSCs.

本研究采用π-间隔剂修饰技术，以氰丙烯酸基为受体，对吲哚[3,2,1-jk]咔唑类给体材料进行修饰，设计了9个新分子。吲哚[3,2,1-jk]咔唑基给体材料的π-间隔剂修饰在提高DSSCs效率和光电性能方面具有优势。对新设计的分子进行了几个关键参数的检测，包括吸光度最大值、前沿分子轨道、激发能、光收集效率、Voc和填充因子。所有设计的染料都显著改善了其光学和性能相关特性。在所研究的分子中，IC2的UV-Vis峰吸收范围最宽，为547 nm，激发能最低，为2.26 eV。IC2在偶氮基团周围附加了一个呋喃π桥和一个双呋喃环。此外，具有呋喃π桥的分子具有较高的光收集能力，而具有吡咯π桥的分子如IC9具有最高的开路电压（2.81V）。基于这些有利的性质，具有附加π桥的分子被认为是DSSCs的有希望的候选者。

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引用次数: 0

Sub luminal light to super luminal light transition in a double−Λ-system in 87Rb vapor 在87Rb蒸汽中以双- Λ-system的形式发生亚光到超光的转变

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172549

Bharti, Joyee Ghosh

This paper provides a comprehensive examination of Zeeman Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) in a closed double

- Λ

system, with a particular emphasis on the

D_{2}

transition of

^{87}

Rb. We investigate the impact of magnetic field, probe beam ellipticity, and coupling intensity on atomic system properties considering a circularly polarized (

σ^{\pm}

) probe and linearly polarized (

π

) coupling beams. The study explores the absorption properties of the system through the peak transmission and EIT width. Furthermore, we also study the dispersive characteristics of the

^{87}

Rb atomic medium, including the group index, group velocity, and group delay of the probe beam, in the presence and absence of a magnetic field for a double

- Λ

system. The transmission profile and the rotation of the probe’s polarization are also examined in relation to the probe’s ellipticity and magnetic field. Additionally, the paper emphasizes the process of transitioning from slow light to fast light through the optimization of some parameters including the magnetic field and probe ellipticity considering double

- Λ

system.

本文对封闭双- Λ体系中的塞曼电致透明（EIT）进行了全面的研究，特别强调了87Rb的D2跃迁。考虑圆极化（σ±）探针束和线极化（π）耦合束，研究了磁场、探针束椭圆度和耦合强度对原子系统性质的影响。通过峰值透射率和EIT宽度考察了系统的吸收特性。此外，我们还研究了双- Λ系统中87Rb原子介质在存在和不存在磁场情况下的色散特性，包括探测光束的群指数、群速度和群延迟。透射剖面和探针的极化旋转也与探针的椭圆度和磁场有关。此外，本文还着重讨论了双−Λ系统下，通过对磁场和探针椭圆率等参数的优化，从慢光过渡到快光的过程。

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引用次数: 0

Copper Aluminum Oxide for enabling Q-switching and mode-locking in erbium-doped fiber lasers 在掺铒光纤激光器中实现q开关和锁模的铜铝氧化物

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172545

Muhammad N.A.H.M. Husaini , Aeriyn D. Ahmad , Masruroh , Osama A. Fouad , Ahmed Mourtada Elseman , Ramadan A. Geioushy , Zulzilawati Jusoh , Sulaiman W. Harun

This study experimentally demonstrates Copper Aluminum Oxide (CuAlO₂) as a saturable absorber (SA) for both Q-switched and ultrafast mode-locked pulse generation in an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) cavity. The SA was fabricated by embedding the conductive oxide in a polymer matrix to form a composite film, which was then integrated into two distinct pulse-generation setups. In the Q-switched configuration, stable operation was achieved by modulating the cavity's loss and gain, with pump powers ranging from 132.15 mW to 210.62 mW. The repetition rate increased from 66.09 kHz to 84.96 kHz, while the pulse width decreased from 6.31 μs to 5.03 μs. The laser operated at a central wavelength of 1563.3 nm, delivering a maximum pulse energy of 43.55 nJ and a slope efficiency of 1.95 %. For mode-locking, the inclusion of a 100 m fiber spool in the cavity enabled self-starting mode-locked operation, sustained over a pump power range of 141.38 mW to 233.7 mW. At 141.38 mW, the mode-locked EDFL produced pulses centered at 1560 nm, with a repetition rate of 1.792 MHz and a pulse duration of 3.17 ps. These findings validate the suitability of CuAlO₂ for use as a pulse transducer in fiber laser applications.

本研究实验证明了铜铝氧化物（CuAlO₂）作为可饱和吸收剂（SA）在掺铒光纤激光器（EDFL）腔中产生调q和超快锁模脉冲。SA是通过将导电氧化物嵌入聚合物基质中形成复合膜来制造的，然后将复合膜集成到两个不同的脉冲产生装置中。在调q配置中，通过调制腔的损耗和增益，泵浦功率范围从132.15 mW到210.62 mW，实现了稳定的运行。重复频率从66.09 kHz增加到84.96 kHz，脉冲宽度从6.31 μs减少到5.03 μs。该激光器的中心波长为1563.3 nm，最大脉冲能量为43.55 nJ，斜率效率为1.95 %。在锁模方面，在空腔中包含一个100 m的光纤线轴，可以实现自启动锁模操作，在泵功率范围为141.38 mW至233.7 mW的范围内持续运行。在141.38 mW时，锁模EDFL产生了以1560 nm为中心的脉冲，重复频率为1.792 MHz，脉冲持续时间为3.17 ps。这些发现验证了CuAlO₂在光纤激光器应用中作为脉冲换能器的适用性。

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引用次数: 0

Soliton dynamics in the Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel equation under diverse nonlinear optical laws 不同非线性光学定律下Lakshmanan-Porsezian-Daniel方程中的孤子动力学

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172548

Sumanta Shagolshem , R.P. Ashrith , K.V. Nagaraja , Dia Zeidan

In this work, a comprehensive analytical investigation of the Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel (LPD) equation is conducted through the application of the Painlevé analysis and the unified method, aimed at constructing exact soliton solutions. Through the application of these analytical tools, explicit forms of soliton solutions are derived with three distinct nonlinear response laws relevant to optical fibers, say, Kerr law, parabolic law, and anti-cubic law, which are associated to various physical regimes and aspects of pulse propagation in nonlinear optical media. For each nonlinearity profile, families of soliton solutions are systematically derived, along with constraint conditions, ensuring their existence, stability, and physical relevance. The novel resulting solutions are then illustrated in three-dimensional surface plots and contour diagrams for suitable parameter values, providing a clearer and more intuitive understanding of the solution dynamics. Finally, a stability analysis of the selected model is performed, confirming that the governing equation exhibits stable behavior under the derived conditions. This study illustrates the versatility of the applied techniques to handle complex nonlinear models, providing rich soliton solutions under various nonlinear laws of optical fibers, and hence contributing to UN Sustainable Development Goals 4, 7 and 9.

本文应用painlev分析和统一方法，对Lakshmanan-Porsezian-Daniel （LPD）方程进行了全面的分析研究，旨在构造精确的孤子解。通过这些分析工具的应用，导出了与光纤相关的三个不同非线性响应定律的显式形式孤子解，即克尔定律，抛物定律和反三次定律，这些定律与非线性光学介质中脉冲传播的各种物理制度和方面有关。对于每个非线性剖面，系统地导出了孤子解族，以及约束条件，确保了它们的存在性、稳定性和物理相关性。然后在三维曲面图和等高线图中说明了新的结果解，为合适的参数值提供了更清晰、更直观的解动力学理解。最后，对所选模型进行了稳定性分析，证实了控制方程在导出的条件下表现出稳定的行为。该研究说明了处理复杂非线性模型的应用技术的多用途性，提供了光纤各种非线性规律下丰富的孤子解，从而有助于实现联合国可持续发展目标4、7和9。

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引用次数: 0

Design of a high-efficiency PV array of 3rd generation perovskite solar cells using a ZnO/TiO₂ ETL and Au in the back electrode 采用ZnO/TiO 2 ETL和Au作为背电极的第三代钙钛矿太阳能电池高效光伏阵列的设计

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172546

Hagar Marouf , Khalil M. Elkhamisy , El-Sayed M. El-Rabaie , Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed , Nariman Abdel-Salam

This paper examines the performance enhancement of third-generation perovskite solar cells (PSCs) utilizing a novel pyramidal electron transfer layer (ETL). Utilizing the high electron-transporting capabilities of zinc oxide (ZnO), a 3D-COMSOL Multiphysics model was created to analyze the optical and electrical properties of the device. This study examines replacing the traditional titanium dioxide (TiO₂) ETL with ZnO and swapping the silver back contact for gold (Au). A major focus is on the geometric optimization of the pyramidal ETL structure. Through various simulations, we discovered that optimal performance occurs with a pyramid height of 0.7 of the total ETL thickness. This configuration yields a notable power conversion efficiency (PCE) and other key performance metrics, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed design. Additionally, the study examines the impact of temperature and solar irradiance fluctuations on device performance. The novelty of this research lies in using a pyramid height of 0.7 and comparing our results from a single cell modeled in COMSOL with those from a single cell in MATLAB-SIMULINK, and then with a cell array. Our findings show that for the 0.7 pyramid, the J_SC is 34.9 mA/cm², while in the PV array, the J_SC reaches 9.3 A/cm².

本文研究了利用新型锥体电子传递层（ETL）增强第三代钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs）的性能。利用氧化锌（ZnO）的高电子传输能力，建立了3D-COMSOL多物理场模型来分析该器件的光学和电学特性。本研究探讨了用ZnO取代传统的二氧化钛（TiO2） ETL，并将银背触点换成金（Au）。一个主要的焦点是金字塔ETL结构的几何优化。通过各种模拟，我们发现当金字塔高度为ETL总厚度的0.7时，性能最佳。这种配置产生了显著的功率转换效率（PCE）和其他关键性能指标，证明了所建议设计的有效性。此外，该研究还考察了温度和太阳辐照度波动对设备性能的影响。本研究的新颖之处在于使用金字塔高度为0.7，并将COMSOL中单个细胞模型的结果与MATLAB-SIMULINK中的单个细胞模型的结果进行比较，然后与细胞阵列进行比较。我们的研究结果表明，对于0.7金字塔，JSC为34.9 mA/cm²，而在光伏阵列中，JSC为9.3 A/cm²。

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引用次数: 0

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