Open Veterinary Journal最新文献

Background: Antibiotic residues that come from food of animal origin, such as broiler chicken, have a variety of consequences on human health and increase the likelihood of antibiotic resistance. Lincomycin residue investigations in broiler chicken especially in plasma broiler chicken should be undertaken utilizing the validation method analysis.

Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a validation method for calculating the residual concentration of lincomycin in broiler chicken blood plasma and compare it with the minimum Inhibitor Concentration (MIC) and Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) standards for lincomycin.

Methods: Thirty-five-day-old broiler chickens cobb 700 were weighed and randomly allocated to and separated into control (placebo) and six treatment groups of varying doses and duration. The treatment group's suggested dosage of lincomycin was 50, 100, or 150 mg/kg/day given to 18-day-old chicken, along with drinking water for a week (A group) and 2 weeks (P group). Lincomycin levels in blood plasma were validated using HPLC. The residual lincomycin concentrations 24 hours and 1 week after injection were compared to the lincomycin MIC and the Indonesian National Standard of MRL.

Result: The validation of linscomycin reveals a linear value in blood plasma with an R² of 0.9983. Precision and accuracy levels indicate promising results for detecting lincomycin. The retention duration for 100 µg/ml lincomycin was 10.0-10.5 minutes. Lincomycin had LOD and LOQ values of 13.98 and 4.86 µg/ml, respectively. After 1 week of dosing at 50 and 100 mg/kg dosages, lincomycin residue detection was 0.00, which was below the MRL criterion of <0.1 ppm. The study found that the residual concentration of 150 mg/kg dosages for a week and 100/150 mg/kg doses for 2 weeks above the lincomycin MIC limits against Mycoplasma synoviae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella enteritidis.

Conclusion: Lincomycin detection by HPLC in chicken blood plasma showed promising results in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, and sensitivity. Lincomycin administration for 1 week at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg resulted in the lowest residual concentration below the lincomycin MIC and MRL standards.

Background: We aimed to report the second case of mitral valve plasty (MVP) for acute mitral regurgitation (MR) due to mitral valve dysplasia in a young small dog.

Case description: A 5-month-old female Jack Russell, weighing 3.5 kg, presented with dyspnea and collapse upon excitation. Acute MR with pulmonary edema due to chordal rupture was diagnosed with a suspected congenital mitral valve anomaly. Despite treatment with high-dose drugs, heart failure symptoms and enlargement worsened. An artificial chordal replacement (ACR) was inserted using polytetrafluoroethylene sutures, and annuloplasty was performed. The dog was discharged on postoperative day 7. After 7 years, the dog underwent operations for complete anterior cruciate ligament tears with no cardiac signs. After 11.5 years, the dog showed no cardiac issues and died from a non-cardiac disease.

Conclusion: The MVP method with ACR employed demonstrated better durability and promoted longer survival than that of previous dog mitral valve replacements.

Background: The anesthetic management of adrenalectomies for phaeochromocytoma excision, a catecholamine-secreting tumor, is challenging due to the potential for fatal complications following severe hemodynamic variations, including hypertensive crisis following tumor manipulation or sympathetic stimulation, but also severe hypotension and volume depletion post resection.

Case description: An 11 kg, 15-year-old male neutered Jack Russel Terrier, with mitral valve disease stage B2, was referred for adrenalectomy for phaeochromocytoma resection. The patient was administered per os prazosin 0.11 mg/kg twice a day and amlodipine 0.125 mg/kg once a day for preoperative stabilization. On the day of surgery, the dog received maropitant 1 mg/kg intravenously (IV) and was premedicated with 0.2 mg/kg methadone IV. Anesthesia was induced with alfaxalone 1 mg/kg IV and midazolam 0.2 mg/kg IV and maintained with partial intravenous anesthesia using sevoflurane in 70% oxygen and constant rate infusions of dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg/hour and maropitant 100 μg/kg/hour. After induction of anesthesia, the dog was mechanically ventilated, and a transversus abdominal plane block was performed with ropivacaine 0.2%. The dog remained remarkably stable with a single, self-limiting, hypertension episode recorded intraoperatively. Postoperative rescue analgesia consisted of methadone and ketamine. The dog was discharged 48 hours after surgery, but persistent hypertension was reported at suture removal.

Conclusion: The use of a low-dose dexmedetomidine CRI, a maropitant CRI, and a transversus abdominal plane block provided stable perioperative hemodynamic conditions for phaeochromocytoma excision in a dog.

Background: Pseudothrombocytopenia is a commonly obtained false negative result when analyzing feline platelet (PLT) count by an automated machine. It is related to ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA), a widely utilized anticoagulant in blood collection tubes, resulting in EDTA-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia (EDTA-PTCP).

Aim: To investigate whether treated with kanamycin enhanced the quantity of PLT aggregations in feline blood specimens collected using EDTA-PTCP.

Methods: Thirty-one blood samples were obtained using EDTA tubes. The complete blood count was analyzed using an automated Mindray BC-5000Vet. Both Manual cell counts and thin blood smears were performed to estimate the amount of red blood cell, white blood cell, and PLTs as well as to evaluate the severity scores of PLT clumping, respectively. Comparisons were made between those pre-treated and those treated with kanamycin in the EDTA tube.

Results: There were significantly different mean PLT counts in the samples before and after they were treated with kanamycin, both on automated (156.6 ± 76.4 vs. 260.3 ± 115.5; p < 0.001) and manual (168.5 ± 92.1 vs. 262.8 ± 119.6; p < 0.001) readings, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.19 (0.022-0.365).

Conclusion: This study suggests that in clinical laboratory practice, kanamycin should be added to feline blood specimens with EDTA-PTCP.

Background: Canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD) is considered the canine version of human Alzheimer's disease (AD). As with AD, CCD is a multifactorial and progressive neurodegenerative disorder for which effective treatment options are continuously being sought. Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBMT) or transcranial laser therapy has shown promise as a treatment for cognitive impairment in rodent AD investigations and several human AD clinical trials.

Aim: The purpose of this prospective case series was to evaluate the effect of tPBMT on cognitive scores when applied to senior dogs with CCD over a 60-day period.

Methods: Five senior (>9-year-old) dogs with moderate (16-33) to severe (>33) cognitive scores were enrolled. Owners were instructed on the use of a Class IM laser device and administered a specific dose of laser energy transcranially to both sides of the patient's head, three times per week for one month and two times per week for a second month. No additional therapeutic measures aimed at enhancing cognitive ability were permitted during the 60-day evaluation time. Baseline cognitive scores were compared with scores obtained at 30- and 60-days post-treatment.

Results: Cognitive scores showed improvement in 4/5 dogs at 30 days (27.6% reduction) and all dogs at 60 days (43.4% reduction). There were no adverse effects attributable to tPBMT.

Conclusion: Results of our small case series suggest that tPBMT may improve cognitive scores in dogs with moderate to severe CCD by 30 days of application and the improvement is sustained at 60 days. Further studies are needed to ascertain optimal tPBMT protocols for CCD.

Background: Canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) is a widely spread, contagious neoplasm commonly found in dogs. Mostly affects the external genitalia, however, it may also exhibit unusual clinical presentations.

Aim: To describe the epidemiology, clinical appearance, cytologic and histopathologic features of dogs with TVT in Morocco.

Methods: Within the realm of a nation-wide study on canine and feline tumors in Morocco between September 2020 and March 2023, dogs with histologically diagnosed TVT were identified and data on epidemiologic, clinical as well as cytologic, and histologic features were compiled and analyzed.

Results: A total of 64 cases of canine TVT were diagnosed. 52 dogs were cross-breed (81.2%) while 4 Siberian Huskies (6.2%) and 3 German shepherds (4.7%) were the most affected pure-breed dogs. The median age of dogs at diagnosis was 3 years (range, 1-10years) and male gender was more common (male:female ratio; 1.3:1). Tumor was located exclusively in the genital area in 58 cases (90.6%), whereas 6 dogs (9.4%) had an atypical occurrence of TVT with locations including skin and nasal cavity. Cytology allowed for an early diagnosis in 2 cases. Histology revealed no differences between the genital and extragenital forms. Immunohistochemistry was necessary in 4 cases and revealed positive staining for vimentin and Alpha-1-antitrypsin, negative marking for CD3, CD20, and AE1/AE3, and low cytoplasmic labeling for lysozyme.

Conclusion: CTVT is a widely distributed neoplasm in Morocco, mostly showing presence in young, cross-breed, and oftentimes stray dogs. An adequate understanding of this tumor's epidemiological features is necessary for its management and eradication.

Background: Computed tomography (CT) is the gold standard for diagnosing canine nasal diseases. However, it cannot easily detect minor abnormalities in inflammatory diseases because they are not accompanied by obvious morphological changes.

Aim: The present study aimed to compare the differences in normal CT findings of turbinate structure and mucosa between breeds to establish criteria for CT diagnosis of inflammatory diseases of the nasal cavity.

Methods: CT data from 77 dogs of 5 breeds without nasal diseases were retrospectively studied. The nasal air percentage, which reflects the volume of the nasal turbinate structure and mucosa, was measured. The nasal turbinate mucosa was measured for contrast enhancement reflecting blood flow. Measurements were performed in the ventral and ethmoid turbinate (ET) regions. Comparisons were made between breeds and sections.

Results: The air percentage in the ventral and ET regions was significantly different between breeds. Contrast enhancement was significantly different between breeds only in the ET. Moreover, different breeds had different correlations between body weight, age, nose length, and air percentage.

Conclusion: In this study, reference values for normal CT findings of the nasal structure and mucosa were obtained, taking into account the breed, measurement section, and patient factors. The results showed that the volume of the turbinate structure and contrast enhancement of nasal mucosa differed depending on the breed. The measured values also differed depending on the cross-sections and patient factors.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a long-term condition marked by high blood glucose levels caused by insulin resistance which will lead to complications of other diseases such as dyslipidemia, which also affects the health of the liver and kidneys. Butterfly pea flower (Clitorea ternatea L.) has phenolic and flavonoid compounds which have the potential as herbal medicines for antidiabetics.

Aim: The purpose of this study is to examine the potential of butterfly pea flower extract (BPE) as an antidiabetic, anti-dyslipidemia, and renoprotection.

Methods: In vivo test was performed on Sprague Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) induced by Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide and High Fat Diet-Propylthiouracil as models of DM and dyslipidemia, and BPE was administered orally (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg BW) for 28 days. glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione S-transferase (GST), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-kB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), liver albumin levels, serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, and serum uric acid (UA), were measured by ELISA and colorimetry methods.

Results: Treatment of BPE 800 mg/kg BW increased levels of GSH-Px, GST, albumin, and serum protein. BPE decreased TNF-α, NF-kB, and ALP. BPE also decreased BUN, serum CR, and serum UA.

Conclusion: BPE has the potential to be used as a drug alternative for the treatment of DM and dyslipidemia as well as a hepatoprotective and renoprotective agent.

Background: Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis (PCH) is an idiopathic disease with the anomalous proliferation of a small capillary-like vessel in the pulmonary tissue, which can lead to a severe form of PH. There are only several cases of PCH described in veterinary literature: 27 cases in dogs and 2 cases in cats. In veterinary medicine, PH is mostly recognized as a consequence of left heart failure as a progression of the postcapillary PH to the precapillary form. PCH is mostly described as a primary disease, but resistant postcapillary PH with the high possibility of pulmonary edema raises speculation that PCH could be a secondary malformation to the left heart disease.

Aim: Discover the features associated with the shift between left- and right-sided heart disease in the context of PH development.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of materials from cats and dogs with histological markers of PCH (sPCH) versus those with right heart failure (RHF).

Results: Animals with histological and immunohistochemistry markers of PCH had a previous history of disease with left heart volume overload. There were no differences between the groups in radiography and gross pathology. Histologically, pulmonary fibrosis and arteriopathy could be found in RHF; in sPCH-a duplication of capillaries in alveolar septa and bizarre proliferation in surrounding structures.

Conclusion: PCH could be a secondary pattern of vascular remodeling due to volume overload.

Background: Although relatively uncommon, lymphoma is the most prevalent haematopoietic neoplasia in horses, and multicentric lymphoma remains the most common presentation of the disease. The pathogenesis of equine lymphoma is still poorly understood and the diagnosis is usually confirmed at an advanced stage of the disease, compromising the prognosis. This study investigated the clinical, pathological, and molecular features of a case of equine multicentric lymphoma.

Case description: An apparently healthy 5-year-old crossbreed mare hospitalized at the Centre of Animal Reproduction of Vairão, Portugal, suddenly presented clinical signs of supraorbital oedema and mandibular lymph node enlargement, developing fever, facial oedema, and generalized lymphadenopathy. The mare ended up dying twenty-four days after the first clinical signs due to multisystem organ failure. Haematological and biochemical analyses, necropsy, and microscopic and molecular evaluation of affected tissues were performed. At necropsy, the main findings were multiple multinodular lesions, distributed along the serous surface of oropharynx, trachea, pericardium, gastrointestinal tract, and mesentery. Microscopically, these consisted of solid proliferations of neoplastic round cells that exhibited immunopositivity for CD3 (T cells). Based on these findings, a medium-grade multicentric T-cell lymphoma was diagnosed.

Conclusion: There is still very little research regarding the molecular characterization of lymphoma in horses. As an entity itself is quite heterogeneous, it is important to describe the interspecies particularities to understand its development and behaviour.