Open Veterinary Journal最新文献

Background: Helicobacter species are spiral-shaped gram-negative bacteria that colonize the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. Helicobacter pylori are most famous for their role in gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. Their unique adaptation to the harsh acidic environment of the stomach is a key aspect of pathogenicity.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Helicobacter spp. in cats in Kazan and identify the species of these bacteria using molecular genetic methods.

Methods: The research is based on endoscopic, microscopic, and molecular genetic methods of investigation. Cats with pronounced clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease were examined.

Results: Endoscopic examination revealed ulcers, erosions, and hyperplasia in all cases. Microscopic examination of biopsy samples from these animals identified characteristic spirally shaped Helicobacter spp. in 70% of cases. A noninvasive method for the laboratory diagnosis of Helicobacter infection was used to identify Helicobacter spp. in cats. Fecal samples from cats with gastrointestinal clinical signs and from asymptomatic cats were investigated using polymerase chain reaction method. The deoxyribonucleic acid of Helicobacter spp was present in 61.7% of cases, with the species Helicobacter rappini being the most frequently isolated (51.35%). Additionally, H. pylori was detected in 18.92% of cases and Helicobacter bilis in 45.95%, highlighting the variety of bacterial combinations in the stomachs of cats.

Conclusion: Based on the obtained data, this study concluded that there exists an important relationship between Helicobacter spp. and gastrointestinal diseases in cats. Furthermore, this widespread occurrence indicated a high degree of adaptation of these bacteria to this animal species.

Background: Endometriosis can disrupt folliculogenesis due to elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, free radicals, and the apoptotic response in granulosa cells (GCs). It can cause fertility issues in women. To date, the most effective management strategy to address it has not been identified. The root extract of Saussurea lappa, also known as puck or kush (Indonesia), can reduce tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) levels, inhibit reactive oxygen species, and prevent apoptosis in GCs, thereby enhancing folliculogenesis.

Aim: This study aimed to assess the effects of a 70% ethanol extract of S. lappa on F2-isoprostane (FiSOP), TNF-α, and apoptosis in the GCs of primary, secondary, and tertiary follicles in a mice model of endometriosis, potentially improving folliculogenesis.

Methods: Desiccated S. lappa root was transformed into a 70% ethanol extract. Thirty-two mice were utilized to establish the endometriosis model and were divided into four groups: one control group (K1) and three treatment groups administered oral S. lappa extract at doses of 200 (K2), 400 (K3), and 600 (K4) mg/kg. FiSOP levels, TNF-α, and apoptosis in GCs were assessed, along with ovarian follicles (primary, secondary, and tertiary).

Results: The research findings indicate (p < 0.05) that the concentrations of FiSOP, TNF-α, and apoptosis in the GCs of primary, secondary, and tertiary follicles diminished, whereas the follicle count augmented in all treatment groups (K2, K3, and K4) administered S. lappa extract compared with the control group (K1).

Conclusion: Saussurea lappa reduces the concentrations of FiSOP, TNF-α, and apoptosis in the GCs of primary, secondary, and tertiary follicles, consequently enhancing folliculogenesis, characterized by an increase in the quantity of these follicles in a mice model of endometriosis.

Background: Livestock farming constitutes a principal component of the economic sector in West Africa, particularly within rural communities.

Aim: A cross-sectional survey was performed in six agroecological zones to advance the development of small ruminant farming in Benin and elevate producers' incomes, aiming at categorizing the diverse forms of small ruminant farming and uncovering the essential factors that differentiate them.

Methods: A total of 288 farmers from various regions were surveyed using a semistructured questionnaire implemented on KoboCollect. Data were then analyzed using multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and ascending hierarchical classification (AHC).

Results: Approximately 70% of the farmers interviewed were men, compared with 30% of the women. More than half (55%) had received no formal education, whereas the majority (91%) were fairly experienced and had been raising small ruminants for at least 5 years. Three farming systems were adopted for sheep and goat rearing: extensive, semi-intensive, and intensive, practiced by 78%, 18%, and 2.8% of farmers, respectively. A number of diseases were frequently noted, primarily respiratory illnesses such as pneumonia (67%), abscesses (48%), and dermatitis (33%). The MCA identified three clusters: type 1, which is composed of dairy farms and accounts for 14.5% of the total number of farmers; type 2, which accounts for 50% of the total number of farmers and is composed of meat producers with good husbandry practices and management of health constraints; and type 3, which accounts for 37.7% of the total number of farmers and is composed of meat producers with acceptable husbandry practices but poor management of health constraints.

Conclusion: The milk-producing farms adopted good feeding practices and regularly vaccinated and dewormed their livestock. In addition to meat production, sheep and goats can be used for milk production in Benin if good husbandry practices are promoted and adopted in flock management.

Background: The Indonesian government aims to encourage the beef cattle population to increase livestock numbers through artificial insemination (AI). However, this initiative encounters challenges due to the low quality of semen following cryopreservation.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of L-arginine supplementation in the Tris egg yolk extender on the motility, kinematic movement, viability, acrosome integrity, and lipid peroxidation of cryopreserved Simmental bull spermatozoa.

Methods: The experiment involved four groups with 20 replicates each: the control group (CG), Group 1 (G1) using 0.05 M L-arginine, Group 2 (G2) using 0.1 M L-arginine, and Group 3 (G3) using 0.2 M L-arginine in a Tris-Yolk extender. Observations included spermatozoa motility and kinematic movement (computer-assisted sperm analysis), viability, acrosome integrity, and lipid peroxidation measured by Malondialdehyde (MDA) (thiobarbituric acid test). Data were analyzed using post hoc analysis of variance, Duncan's test, with significance p < 0.05.

Results: The findings of this study indicate that the supplementation of 0.05 M L-arginine (G1) in extender significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced motility and kinematic movement parameters, viability, and acrosome integrity while reducing lipid peroxidation, as measured by MDA levels. Furthermore, supplementation with 0.05 M L-arginine had a positive effect on motility and kinematic movement both before freezing and post-thawing. In contrast, the addition of L-arginine at higher concentrations (G2 and G3) did not benefit the observed parameters in this study.

Conclusion: A low dose of L-arginine (G1) effectively enhances sperm motility, viability, and acrosome integrity and reduces lipid peroxidation levels. In contrast, higher doses (G2 and G3) had no beneficial effects compared with GC and G1.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a major pathogenic bacterium in veterinary medicine and human health. It is one of the most important bacterial agents causing urinary tract infection (UTI). The increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant and biofilm-forming S. aureus is a great problem today. The aim of the study was to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic aspects of biofilm formation in multiple drug-resistant (MDR) S. aureus isolated from UTI infection in human and cattle in Babylon, Iraq.

Methodology: A total of 168 and 172 urine samples were collected from UTI infection in humans and cattle, respectively, during the period from November 2023 to February 2024. Morphological and biochemical identification was used to diagnose S. aureus. Additional confirmation was performed by the automated Vitek 2 compact system.

Results: Among the 168 human isolates, 24 (14.2%) and 172 cattle isolates, 16 (9.3%) isolates were diagnosed as S. aureus. Genotypically identification of the isolates was performed using the 16s RNA gene. Twenty-two (91.6%) from 24 human source S. aureus isolates and 8 (50%) from 16 animal source S. aureus isolates were found to be MDR according to the Vitek 2 compact system. Results revealed that 19 (86.3%) and 7(87.5%) MDR isolates were phenotypically positive for biofilm production in concern to human and animal source isolates, respectively. Genotypically, three polysaccharide intracellular adhesion genes and one MSCRAMMs (fib) were screened in MDR bacteria using specific primers. The prevalence rate of genes was icaA (100%), icaB (100%), and icaC (100%) in all 30 MDR isolates. fib gene were present in 63.6% of human isolates and 75% of cattle source isolates.

Conclusion: The study has shown that the biofilm-forming S. aureus that causes UTI were resistant to multiple antibiotic agents. These findings underscore the necessity of development effective treatment approaches to control UTI infections in humans and animals.

Background: Citalopram is a class of antidepressant drugs that works by increasing the amount of serotonin to maintain mental balance. However, the risk of liver damage associated with citalopram use remains an area of ongoing research, with several potential mechanisms implicated in its pathogenesis.

Aim: This experimental study aims to evaluation of physiological and histological renal damages due to low and high citalopram doses and the ameliorative role of walnuts-pulp extract in reducing hepatotoxic damage.

Methods: To assess the side effects of citalopram and evaluate the ameliorative effect of Juglans regia pulp extract on liver functions, 32 mature male rats were divided into four equal groups: the first group was kept as the control group, drench 0.5 ml tab water; the second group was ingested 0.6 mg/kg of citalopram and 10 mg/kg of J. regia pulp extract; the third group was ingested 0.6 mg/kg of citalopram and 20 mg/kg of J. regia pulp extract; and the fourth group was ingested 0.6 mg/kg of citalopram only (all groups drenched daily for 60 days).

Results: Significant elevation in alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase was observed in all animals treated with citalopram with or without J. regia pulp extract, but ALT in animals treated with citalopram with 20 mg/kg J. regia extract showed a significant reduction compared with others. The serum bilirubin levels revealed no significant differences between the groups of treated animals. Pathohistological sections showed normal histological structures for hepatic tissue and sinusoids without any significant occupied lesions in control and animals treated with J. regia pulp extract at both doses with citalopram. In tissue sections of rats drenched citalopram, there were fatty degeneration, with fibrous network formation, structureless, homogenous, and pinkish material, hepatic vein congestion and narrowing in the hepatic artery and arteriole diameter, fat droplet accumulation in the hepatocytes.

Conclusion: Treatments with citalopram caused liver dysfunction and damage in liver tissue, whereas J. regia pulp extracts have a protective role against liver tissue at high or low doses.

Background: One disease that interferes with reproductive performance is brucellosis, which causes significant economic losses.

Aim: This study aimed to identify the reactor and evaluate the results of a Brucella abortus vaccination in the Malaka Regency.

Methods: This research method involves the first stage, which involves sampling serum from 100 cattle. Serum specimens are derived from blood taken from the jugular or coccygeal vein using a Vacutainer tube filled with silicone and left at room temperature until the blood is separated into serum and clot. Then, for serological tests in the form of the Rose Bengal test (RBT), if the RBT test is positive, followed by the complement fixation test (CFT) test, and the CFT test is also positive, the patient is designated as a brucellosis reactor. At the same time, if the CFT is positive in vaccinated cattle, the vaccination is considered successful, and if it is negative, it is necessary to reevaluate the immunization.

Result: The results of 100 samples showed that the RBT and CFT tests yielded two distinct outcomes: a positive RBT and a negative CFT test, indicating that no B. abortus reactors were detected.

Conclusion: Cattle in Malacca Regency were not found to be positive for the B. abortus reactor. Vaccination results against Brucella are not optimal, as indicated by the absence of an antibody response, as determined by RBT and CFT tests.

Blackleg is an infectious disease that mainly affects cattle and rarely affects other ruminants. It is characterized by hemorrhagic blackleg myositis. Clostridium chauvoei is a highly pathogenic anaerobic, endospore-forming Gram- positive bacteria that causes blackleg disease. Blackleg disease was first reported in 1870, but the causative bacterium C. chauvoei was not described until 1887. Clostridium chauvoei is found in grassland, fresh water, silage, soil, and the excrement of healthy animals. Cattle intestines and pasture soil have both been found to contain C. chauvoei spores, suggesting that the infection is contracted by ingesting the spores. Significant lesions are less common in the heart and more common in the skeletal muscle. Anaerobic culture, polymerase chain reaction, immunodetection using fluorescent antibody tests, and immunohistochemistry are methods for identifying bacteria. The production of gas in animal tissues, known as emphysematous swelling, is a hallmark of blackleg illness. Swelling usually affects big muscles including the neck, shoulders, thighs, and hips. Most incidences of blackleg illness in cattle occur during the warmer months of the year, and the disease typically manifests seasonally. Penicillin treatment and surgical removal of the lesions, including fasciotomy, are recommended for infected animals that are not in danger of death. Vaccination is a crucial part of the health management of many livestock production enterprises and can prevent blackleg illness. Blackleg disease can be controlled by destroying the carcass and burning the top layer of soil to eradicate any remaining spores.

Background: Andrographolide is a compound that serves as an anti-inflammatory agent. M2 macrophages promote the disease, while M1 macrophages inhibit endometriosis progression.

Aim: Andrographolide can modify the M1/M2 ratio, aligning with the pattern observed with standard treatment for deep endometriosis.

Methods: This experimental study used a post-test-only research design with a control group of 42 female Balb/C divided into 6 groups. Mice in group N (normal), normal control (KN) endometriosis (END) without therapy, while the positive control (KP) group received endometriosis + dienogest, group (P1) END and 0.05 mg/kg BW andrographolide (AND), group (P2) END + 0.1 mg/kg BW AND, group (P3) (END + 0.2 mg/kg BW AND. CD86 (M1) macrophages, while CD163 (M2) macrophages examine the number of M1 and M2 cells via flow cytometry in a specific color.

Results: There was a significant difference in M1, which was higher than M2 in the AND group, compared with KP. The number of M2 macrophages in the P2 group was significantly lower than that in the KN group. Similarly, the number of M2 macrophages in the P3 group was significantly lower than that in the KN group.

Conclusion: M1 was superior to M2 in the andrographolide group and exhibited a similar trend in the visanne group. This study serves as a preliminary investigation using experimental animals and can be further developed as a foundation for research on andrographolide as an alternative therapy for endometriosis.