Pub Date : 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117785
Haohang Du , Zhenyu Zhou , Kexuan Han , Feilin Li , Zihao Zheng , Wenqi Hai , Shuyi Hou , Ruizhen Pang , Wei Zheng , Dechun Zhou , Zhuang Leng
Er3+-doped 43Bi2O3–43B2O3–12SiO2–2Al2O3 (mol%) bismuthate glass was synthesized by the high-temperature melting method in order to achieve the fluorescence emission at 1.5 μm. Initially, the optical properties of the glass samples, including dispersion, absorption, and fluorescence curves, were characterized and analyzed. At the same time, the Judd-Ofelt (J-O) parameters, nonlinear refractive index, effective fluorescence bandwidth, absorption-emission cross sections, and gain coefficient of the glass samples were determined in detail using the acquired data. The results indicate that the glass exhibits optimal optical performance when the Er2O3 doping concentration is 0.7 mol%. Specifically, its effective fluorescence bandwidth reaches 90.25 nm, and the emission cross section achieves a peak value of 7.94 × 10−21 cm2 at 1532 nm. Furthermore, the glass exhibits positive gain once the population inversion parameter P exceeds 0.3, this indicates a low pump threshold required for laser operation. These results demonstrate that Er3+-doped bismuthate glass is a promising matrix material for broadband, high-gain fiber amplifiers.
{"title":"Luminescence properties and energy transfer of Er3+ doped Bi2O3-B2O3-SiO2-Al2O3 glass for 1.5 μm emission","authors":"Haohang Du , Zhenyu Zhou , Kexuan Han , Feilin Li , Zihao Zheng , Wenqi Hai , Shuyi Hou , Ruizhen Pang , Wei Zheng , Dechun Zhou , Zhuang Leng","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Er<sup>3+</sup>-doped 43Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–43B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–12SiO<sub>2</sub>–2Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (mol%) bismuthate glass was synthesized by the high-temperature melting method in order to achieve the fluorescence emission at 1.5 μm. Initially, the optical properties of the glass samples, including dispersion, absorption, and fluorescence curves, were characterized and analyzed. At the same time, the Judd-Ofelt (J-O) parameters, nonlinear refractive index, effective fluorescence bandwidth, absorption-emission cross sections, and gain coefficient of the glass samples were determined in detail using the acquired data. The results indicate that the glass exhibits optimal optical performance when the Er<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> doping concentration is 0.7 mol%. Specifically, its effective fluorescence bandwidth reaches 90.25 nm, and the emission cross section achieves a peak value of 7.94 × 10<sup>−21</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> at 1532 nm. Furthermore, the glass exhibits positive gain once the population inversion parameter P exceeds 0.3, this indicates a low pump threshold required for laser operation. These results demonstrate that Er<sup>3+</sup>-doped bismuthate glass is a promising matrix material for broadband, high-gain fiber amplifiers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 117785"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117781
M. Korzhik , A. Kuznetsov , A. Bondarau , V. Grigorieva , I. Komendо , D. Khramtsova , A. Postupaeva , V. Shlegel , Y. Talochka , A. Vasil'ev , A. Yelisseyev
A new modification of the prominent PbWO4:La,Y crystalline scintillator obtained by introducing Sr to create the (Pb,Sr)WO4:La,Y compound has been investigated in a wide range of Pb/Sr ratios to define compositions that would allow the expansion of the scope of the material's application. Comprehensive studies of their structural, thermal, and luminescent properties were conducted using X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, photoluminescence, and X-ray excited luminescence spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that changes in the Sr/Pb ratio led to a compositional disorder which significantly influences both the scintillation yield (Y) and its kinetics. The thermal stability of the scintillation yield Y(T) is improved as well. Notably, the optimal composition with x = 0.2–0.3 provides a fiftyfold increase in light output compared to PbWO4. It is measured to be 15 % over the Y of Bi4Ge3O12 and exhibits a low temperature coefficient of Y(T) = –0.6 %/K in the temperature range of 300–400 K. The defined substantial improvement in the Y(T) highlights the potential of compositional disorder to create advanced, high-performance self-activated scintillation materials.
{"title":"An enhancement of the light yield and improvement of its temperature dependence in mixed (Pb,Sr)WO4:La,Y scintillator","authors":"M. Korzhik , A. Kuznetsov , A. Bondarau , V. Grigorieva , I. Komendо , D. Khramtsova , A. Postupaeva , V. Shlegel , Y. Talochka , A. Vasil'ev , A. Yelisseyev","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new modification of the prominent PbWO<sub>4</sub>:La,Y crystalline scintillator obtained by introducing Sr to create the (Pb,Sr)WO<sub>4</sub>:La,Y compound has been investigated in a wide range of Pb/Sr ratios to define compositions that would allow the expansion of the scope of the material's application. Comprehensive studies of their structural, thermal, and luminescent properties were conducted using X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, photoluminescence, and X-ray excited luminescence spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that changes in the Sr/Pb ratio led to a compositional disorder which significantly influences both the scintillation yield (Y) and its kinetics. The thermal stability of the scintillation yield Y(T) is improved as well. Notably, the optimal composition with x = 0.2–0.3 provides a fiftyfold increase in light output compared to PbWO<sub>4</sub>. It is measured to be 15 % over the Y of Bi<sub>4</sub>Ge<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub> and exhibits a low temperature coefficient of Y(T) = –0.6 %/K in the temperature range of 300–400 K. The defined substantial improvement in the Y(T) highlights the potential of compositional disorder to create advanced, high-performance self-activated scintillation materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 117781"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145735259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117787
Liang Fan , Weiqiao Xu , Xiufen Liao , Songqiang Huang , Zihan Pan , Xia Zhao
Real-time pH monitoring in concrete pore solutions is vital for assessing durability and corrosion risks, but traditional methods and fluorescent sensors lack sensitivity, stability, and anti-interference capability in this complex environment. To address this, nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs-OH) were synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method using resorcinol and mixed nitrogen sources (nitric acid, ammonia, formamide). N-CQDs-OH were combined with mesoporous silica to form fluorescent nanoparticles, preventing dye oxidation, and immobilized on a cellulose acetate membrane to create a fiber optic pH sensor. The sensor exhibits high sensitivity (R2 = 0.99668) and a rapid 15-s response within pH 9–13, alongside excellent resistance to ionic and temperature interference. Critically, it maintains stable performance in highly alkaline cement slurry solution (pH 13). This work provides an innovative strategy for N-CQD functional design and high-performance pH sensing, demonstrating significant potential for engineering and industrial monitoring.
{"title":"Nitrogen-doped carbon dot-based fiber optic sensor for alkaline pH monitoring","authors":"Liang Fan , Weiqiao Xu , Xiufen Liao , Songqiang Huang , Zihan Pan , Xia Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117787","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117787","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Real-time pH monitoring in concrete pore solutions is vital for assessing durability and corrosion risks, but traditional methods and fluorescent sensors lack sensitivity, stability, and anti-interference capability in this complex environment. To address this, nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs-OH) were synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method using resorcinol and mixed nitrogen sources (nitric acid, ammonia, formamide). N-CQDs-OH were combined with mesoporous silica to form fluorescent nanoparticles, preventing dye oxidation, and immobilized on a cellulose acetate membrane to create a fiber optic pH sensor. The sensor exhibits high sensitivity (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.99668) and a rapid 15-s response within pH 9–13, alongside excellent resistance to ionic and temperature interference. Critically, it maintains stable performance in highly alkaline cement slurry solution (pH 13). This work provides an innovative strategy for N-CQD functional design and high-performance pH sensing, demonstrating significant potential for engineering and industrial monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 117787"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145735258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117788
Xinqin Liu , Pan Peng , Jinsong Zhang , Xianwen Huang , Dong Qiu , Hui Deng , Jinlong Zhu
Accurately attenuating light intensity while maintaining a stable beam shape is essential in various fields, including photography, optical measurement, imaging, laser processing, and fiber communication. Among these, the density filter (DF) is a versatile optical element that can precisely reduce the transmittance of incident light. However, traditional DF fabrication requires a high-temperature and vacuum environment, expensive coating equipment, and complex operational procedures. Here, we propose an electrochemically modified variable transmittance indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film fabrication method for optical attenuation. The ITO thin film surface is electrochemically modified and reduced to metal indium and tin, with transmittance controlled by reaction time. The reaction mechanism is explained through surface morphology measurements. We demonstrate experimentally that the intensity of a 532 nm Gaussian laser is attenuated to 88 %, 56 %, 37 %, 25 %, and 10 %, respectively, without altering the beam shape. Additionally, the microscope images illuminated by LED are also demonstrated to show the performance in optical imaging. Since the processable area depends only on the size of the ITO glass, our method offers the potential for mass production with the advantages of low cost and high speed.
{"title":"Electrochemically modified ITO thin film for optical attenuation","authors":"Xinqin Liu , Pan Peng , Jinsong Zhang , Xianwen Huang , Dong Qiu , Hui Deng , Jinlong Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurately attenuating light intensity while maintaining a stable beam shape is essential in various fields, including photography, optical measurement, imaging, laser processing, and fiber communication. Among these, the density filter (DF) is a versatile optical element that can precisely reduce the transmittance of incident light. However, traditional DF fabrication requires a high-temperature and vacuum environment, expensive coating equipment, and complex operational procedures. Here, we propose an electrochemically modified variable transmittance indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film fabrication method for optical attenuation. The ITO thin film surface is electrochemically modified and reduced to metal indium and tin, with transmittance controlled by reaction time. The reaction mechanism is explained through surface morphology measurements. We demonstrate experimentally that the intensity of a 532 nm Gaussian laser is attenuated to 88 %, 56 %, 37 %, 25 %, and 10 %, respectively, without altering the beam shape. Additionally, the microscope images illuminated by LED are also demonstrated to show the performance in optical imaging. Since the processable area depends only on the size of the ITO glass, our method offers the potential for mass production with the advantages of low cost and high speed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 117788"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145735264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-07DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117782
Xiang Li , Jinghao Zhang , Long Wang, Huaijun Tang, Aijing Jiang, Xiuying Fang, Weixian Wang, Yibing Wu, Rongman Xia, Yifei Li, Zhouyang Jiang, Qiang Zhou, Zhengliang Wang
By using melamine as the main precursor and 2,4,6-tris(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TAPT) as the doping molecule, a novel derivative of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) containing embedded 2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (TPT) groups was synthesized via deamination thermal polymerization. This derivative (g–C3N4–TPT) can be used as a new luminescent material, and the optimal product was obtained at a molar ratio of melamine to TAPT of 30:1, and by heating at 500 °C for 2 h. Compared with g-C3N4 (which emits blue light, mainly at 420–560 nm, λem,max = 468 nm), its emission changed to yellow-green light (mainly at 500–700 nm, λem,max = 552 nm), and the quantum yield increased from ∼5 % to 12.9 %, which suggested the embedded TPT groups were beneficial for improving luminescent property. g–C3N4–TPT can maintain high thermal stability up to 490 °C, and retain 90.4 % emission intensity at 110 °C relative to that at 30 °C. Using g–C3N4–TPT and red-emitting K2SiF6:Mn4+ as phosphors under the excitation of 460 nm GaN-based blue light chips, a series of cool, neutral and warm WLEDs were obtained. Some WLEDs showed high luminescent quality, for example, the color rendering index (CRI) reached 88.8, and the CIE chromaticity coordinates reached (0.33, 0.35), which were very close to (0.33, 0.33) of pure white light.
{"title":"Improving luminescent properties of graphitic-C3N4 via embedding 2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine groups for application in white LEDs","authors":"Xiang Li , Jinghao Zhang , Long Wang, Huaijun Tang, Aijing Jiang, Xiuying Fang, Weixian Wang, Yibing Wu, Rongman Xia, Yifei Li, Zhouyang Jiang, Qiang Zhou, Zhengliang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>By using melamine as the main precursor and 2,4,6-tris(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TAPT) as the doping molecule, a novel derivative of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) containing embedded 2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (TPT) groups was synthesized via deamination thermal polymerization. This derivative (g–C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>–TPT) can be used as a new luminescent material, and the optimal product was obtained at a molar ratio of melamine to TAPT of 30:1, and by heating at 500 °C for 2 h. Compared with g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> (which emits blue light, mainly at 420–560 nm, λ<sub>em,max</sub> = 468 nm), its emission changed to yellow-green light (mainly at 500–700 nm, λ<sub>em,max</sub> = 552 nm), and the quantum yield increased from ∼5 % to 12.9 %, which suggested the embedded TPT groups were beneficial for improving luminescent property. g–C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>–TPT can maintain high thermal stability up to 490 °C, and retain 90.4 % emission intensity at 110 °C relative to that at 30 °C. Using g–C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>–TPT and red-emitting K<sub>2</sub>SiF<sub>6</sub>:Mn<sup>4+</sup> as phosphors under the excitation of 460 nm GaN-based blue light chips, a series of cool, neutral and warm WLEDs were obtained. Some WLEDs showed high luminescent quality, for example, the color rendering index (CRI) reached 88.8, and the CIE chromaticity coordinates reached (0.33, 0.35), which were very close to (0.33, 0.33) of pure white light.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 117782"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145735263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117786
Lin Fan , Ce Li , Tao Peng , Miao Yan , Xiaoqing Pei , Yifan Liu , Weiling Yang , Shasha Li , Hai Lin , Chun Li , Lina Liu , Xuechao Yu , Fanming Zeng
Phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes (w-LEDs) have become indispensable for modern lighting and display technologies. However, the development of efficient and thermally robust white phosphors remains a persistent challenge. Here, we report a series of Sr3Y2Ge3O12: Dy3+ garnet-based phosphors that exhibit dual emissions at 480 and 580 nm, enabling cool-white light generation. Co-doping with La3+ effectively lowers the crystal symmetry and narrows the band gap from 4.67 to 4.56 eV, which enhances the radiative transitions of Dy3+. As a result, the emission intensities at 480 and 580 nm bands are boosted by factors of 2.21 and 1.91, respectively. The spectral modification drives a chromaticity shift from cool to warm white light, with correlated color temperature decreasing from 4703 K to 2927 K. Moreover, the modified phosphors exhibit excellent thermal stability (92.51 % at 150 °C) while maintaining high internal quantum efficiency (29.43 %). When integrated with 365 nm excitation chips, the phosphors enable the fabrication of w-LEDs with tunable color temperatures. These findings offer a promising pathway for the design of next-generation high-performance warm w-LEDs.
{"title":"La3+ tuned Sr3Y2Ge3O12: Dy3+ warm light LEDs phosphor","authors":"Lin Fan , Ce Li , Tao Peng , Miao Yan , Xiaoqing Pei , Yifan Liu , Weiling Yang , Shasha Li , Hai Lin , Chun Li , Lina Liu , Xuechao Yu , Fanming Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117786","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes (w-LEDs) have become indispensable for modern lighting and display technologies. However, the development of efficient and thermally robust white phosphors remains a persistent challenge. Here, we report a series of Sr<sub>3</sub>Y<sub>2</sub>Ge<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub>: Dy<sup>3+</sup> garnet-based phosphors that exhibit dual emissions at 480 and 580 nm, enabling cool-white light generation. Co-doping with La<sup>3+</sup> effectively lowers the crystal symmetry and narrows the band gap from 4.67 to 4.56 eV, which enhances the radiative transitions of Dy<sup>3+</sup>. As a result, the emission intensities at 480 and 580 nm bands are boosted by factors of 2.21 and 1.91, respectively. The spectral modification drives a chromaticity shift from cool to warm white light, with correlated color temperature decreasing from 4703 K to 2927 K. Moreover, the modified phosphors exhibit excellent thermal stability (92.51 % at 150 °C) while maintaining high internal quantum efficiency (29.43 %). When integrated with 365 nm excitation chips, the phosphors enable the fabrication of w-LEDs with tunable color temperatures. These findings offer a promising pathway for the design of next-generation high-performance warm w-LEDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 117786"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145735262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Femtosecond laser focusing within transparent materials enables the fabrication of complex three-dimensional optical waveguide structures, offering broad potential for waveguide lasers and integrated photonic devices. Achieving optical waveguides with high beam quality, low propagation loss, and strong supercontinuum generation is essential for advancing integrated photonic systems. In this work, we design and fabricate a parabolically tapered concentric annular waveguide (Hereinafter collectively referred to as parabolically tapered waveguide) inside a sapphire crystal using femtosecond laser direct writing. The fabricated structure exhibits a large input radius and a small output radius. At an output radius of 4 μm, a low propagation loss of 0.505 dB (at 632.8 nm) and a near-diffraction-limited beam quality (M2 = 1.06) are achieved. Under 1030 nm fs laser excitation, the designed structure exhibits supercontinuum broadening with a −20 dB bandwidth of 84.9 nm, which is significantly wider than that of the depressed cladding waveguide (59.1 nm) and the bulk material (22.9 nm). These results highlight the advantages of parabolically tapered waveguides in optical field confinement and nonlinear enhancement, providing a valuable strategy for the development of high-performance three-dimensional integrated photonic devices.
{"title":"Femtosecond-laser-fabricated low-loss and high-beam-quality parabolic tapered waveguides in sapphire","authors":"Yangliu Zhai, Jie Wu, Yue Li, Mengtao Yang, Zhihong Geng, Yuesi Zeng, Shutong Wang, Hao Zhou, Guoliang Deng, Shouhuan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117783","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117783","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Femtosecond laser focusing within transparent materials enables the fabrication of complex three-dimensional optical waveguide structures, offering broad potential for waveguide lasers and integrated photonic devices. Achieving optical waveguides with high beam quality, low propagation loss, and strong supercontinuum generation is essential for advancing integrated photonic systems. In this work, we design and fabricate a parabolically tapered concentric annular waveguide (Hereinafter collectively referred to as parabolically tapered waveguide) inside a sapphire crystal using femtosecond laser direct writing. The fabricated structure exhibits a large input radius and a small output radius. At an output radius of 4 μm, a low propagation loss of 0.505 dB (at 632.8 nm) and a near-diffraction-limited beam quality (M<sup>2</sup> = 1.06) are achieved. Under 1030 nm fs laser excitation, the designed structure exhibits supercontinuum broadening with a −20 dB bandwidth of 84.9 nm, which is significantly wider than that of the depressed cladding waveguide (59.1 nm) and the bulk material (22.9 nm). These results highlight the advantages of parabolically tapered waveguides in optical field confinement and nonlinear enhancement, providing a valuable strategy for the development of high-performance three-dimensional integrated photonic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 117783"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145735261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117588
Ahmed Maher Henaish , Moustafa A. Darwish , Osama M. Hemeda , Ilya A. Weinstein , Tarek S. Soliman , Alex V. Trukhanov , Sergei V. Trukhanov , Di Zhou , Ali M. Dorgham
{"title":"Retraction notice to “Structure and optoelectronic properties of ferroelectric PVA-PZT nanocomposites” [Opt. Mater. 138C (2023) 113402]","authors":"Ahmed Maher Henaish , Moustafa A. Darwish , Osama M. Hemeda , Ilya A. Weinstein , Tarek S. Soliman , Alex V. Trukhanov , Sergei V. Trukhanov , Di Zhou , Ali M. Dorgham","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117588","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 117588"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117752
Jiawei Zhang , Longxin Liu , Zhengyuan Jiang , Jun Zhang , Wudi Wang , Jian Liu , Peng Liu , Xiaodong Xu , Jun Xu , Kheirreddine Lebbou
Pr:LaLuO3 crystal fibers with doping concentrations of 0.15, 0.3 and 0.5 at.% were successfully grown by the laser-heated pedestal growth (LHPG) method. The absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra and fluorescence decay curves were measured at room temperature, followed by Judd-Ofelt (J-O) theory analysis. The 0.5 at.% Pr:LaLuO3 crystal fiber exhibits a strong, broad absorption band centered at 452 nm, with an absorption cross section of 2.54 × 10−20 cm2 and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 18.4 nm. The J-O intensity parameters were determined as Ω2 = 2.68 × 10−20 cm2, Ω4 = 0.88 × 10−20 cm2, and Ω6 = 2.96 × 10−20 cm2, respectively. Notably, the 3P0→3F2 transition at 659 nm yields the largest emission cross section of 2.86 × 10−19 cm2 with a FWHM of 5.82 nm. The influence of doping concentration on the fluorescence lifetime was also investigated. These results demonstrated that Pr:LaLuO3 is a promising gain medium for visible laser operation.
{"title":"Spectroscopic characteristics of Pr3+-doped LaLuO3 crystal fibers grown by LHPG method","authors":"Jiawei Zhang , Longxin Liu , Zhengyuan Jiang , Jun Zhang , Wudi Wang , Jian Liu , Peng Liu , Xiaodong Xu , Jun Xu , Kheirreddine Lebbou","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pr:LaLuO<sub>3</sub> crystal fibers with doping concentrations of 0.15, 0.3 and 0.5 at.% were successfully grown by the laser-heated pedestal growth (LHPG) method. The absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra and fluorescence decay curves were measured at room temperature, followed by Judd-Ofelt (J-O) theory analysis. The 0.5 at.% Pr:LaLuO<sub>3</sub> crystal fiber exhibits a strong, broad absorption band centered at 452 nm, with an absorption cross section of 2.54 × 10<sup>−20</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 18.4 nm. The J-O intensity parameters were determined as Ω<sub>2</sub> = 2.68 × 10<sup>−20</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>, Ω<sub>4</sub> = 0.88 × 10<sup>−20</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>, and Ω<sub>6</sub> = 2.96 × 10<sup>−20</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. Notably, the <sup>3</sup>P<sub>0</sub>→<sup>3</sup>F<sub>2</sub> transition at 659 nm yields the largest emission cross section of 2.86 × 10<sup>−19</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> with a FWHM of 5.82 nm. The influence of doping concentration on the fluorescence lifetime was also investigated. These results demonstrated that Pr:LaLuO<sub>3</sub> is a promising gain medium for visible laser operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 117752"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145735265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117775
M. Novaković, M. Popović
Titanium nitride (TiN) thin films were implanted with 110 keV silver ions and 150 keV gold ions at a fluence of 5 × 1016 ions/cm2 and subsequently subjected to rapid thermal annealing at 700°C for 10 s, 30 s, and 60 s. Spectroscopic ellipsometry, four-point probe measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to monitor changes in dielectric function, electrical conductivity, and surface chemistry. Silver implantation induced moderate lattice damage and nanoparticle formation, partially reducing metallicity and optical absorption, which were efficiently restored by short-term annealing via defect healing and improved carrier mobility. Gold implantation caused stronger structural disorder, suppressing metallic and optical response, with only limited recovery after annealing. Drude–Lorentz analysis quantitatively correlated plasma frequency and damping constant with resistivity trends, demonstrating a direct link between defect dynamics and macroscopic optical and electrical properties. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed these changes occurred independently of surface oxidation, indicating that defect evolution and free-carrier modulation are the primary drivers. These results provide a controllable strategy to tune TiN thin films through ion implantation and thermal treatment, offering guidance for designing plasmonic and optoelectronic coatings.
{"title":"From noble metal ion implantation to tailored optical and electrical performance of TiN thin films via rapid thermal annealing","authors":"M. Novaković, M. Popović","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Titanium nitride (TiN) thin films were implanted with 110 keV silver ions and 150 keV gold ions at a fluence of 5 × 10<sup>16</sup> ions/cm<sup>2</sup> and subsequently subjected to rapid thermal annealing at 700°C for 10 s, 30 s, and 60 s. Spectroscopic ellipsometry, four-point probe measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to monitor changes in dielectric function, electrical conductivity, and surface chemistry. Silver implantation induced moderate lattice damage and nanoparticle formation, partially reducing metallicity and optical absorption, which were efficiently restored by short-term annealing via defect healing and improved carrier mobility. Gold implantation caused stronger structural disorder, suppressing metallic and optical response, with only limited recovery after annealing. Drude–Lorentz analysis quantitatively correlated plasma frequency and damping constant with resistivity trends, demonstrating a direct link between defect dynamics and macroscopic optical and electrical properties. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed these changes occurred independently of surface oxidation, indicating that defect evolution and free-carrier modulation are the primary drivers. These results provide a controllable strategy to tune TiN thin films through ion implantation and thermal treatment, offering guidance for designing plasmonic and optoelectronic coatings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 117775"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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