Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117801
Mikhail Goulkov , Valeriy Voitsekhovych , Theo Woike
Intensity and temperature study of photo-induced wide-angle polarization-anisotropic light scattering reveals the significant role of shallow traps in photorefractive gratings recorded in LiNbO3:Y:Fe. It is proposed that the energy levels of Y2+(4 d1) lying near the conduction band, contribute to the buildup of an electric space-charge field as shallow acceptor centers for electrons along with iron deep centers. The split of the yttrium crystal field niveau into six sub-levels is deduced from the temperature dependent break-down of the recorded gratings.
{"title":"Detection of shallow traps in LiNbO3:Y:Fe by means of photo-induced light scattering","authors":"Mikhail Goulkov , Valeriy Voitsekhovych , Theo Woike","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intensity and temperature study of photo-induced wide-angle polarization-anisotropic light scattering reveals the significant role of shallow traps in photorefractive gratings recorded in LiNbO<sub>3</sub>:Y:Fe. It is proposed that the energy levels of Y<sup>2+</sup>(4 d<sup>1</sup>) lying near the conduction band, contribute to the buildup of an electric space-charge field as shallow acceptor centers for electrons along with iron deep centers. The split of the yttrium crystal field niveau into six sub-levels is deduced from the temperature dependent break-down of the recorded gratings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 117801"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145788007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117803
Qingsong Sun, Zhongben Pan, Xiaoxu Yu, Zeshang Ji, Hongwei Chu, Han Pan, Dechun Li
In this work, we explore the scheme of dual-wavelength pumping of Tm:GdVO4 laser with ground state absorption (GSA) (3H6→3H4) and excited state absorption (ESA) (3F4→3H4). With the pump power of 12.8 W at 798 nm and 6.84 W at 1050 nm, compared to the sum of the output power obtained with single wavelength pumping, an increase of 0.461 W is achieved with dual wavelength pumping, a 89.3 % increase in output power. The results show that the dual-wavelength pumping scheme of GSA and ESA for the 2.3 μm Tm3+ doped laser effectively reduces the number of particles in the 3F4 energy level, and the introduction of the ESA pumping process can accurately excite the Tm3+ accumulated in the 3F4 energy level to the 3H4 energy level, which effectively increases the output power of the 2.3 μm Tm3+ doped laser.
{"title":"Tm:GdVO4 laser at 2.3 μm based on GSA and ESA dual-wavelength pumping","authors":"Qingsong Sun, Zhongben Pan, Xiaoxu Yu, Zeshang Ji, Hongwei Chu, Han Pan, Dechun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we explore the scheme of dual-wavelength pumping of Tm:GdVO<sub>4</sub> laser with ground state absorption (GSA) (<sup>3</sup>H<sub>6</sub>→<sup>3</sup>H<sub>4</sub>) and excited state absorption (ESA) (<sup>3</sup>F<sub>4</sub>→<sup>3</sup>H<sub>4</sub>). With the pump power of 12.8 W at 798 nm and 6.84 W at 1050 nm, compared to the sum of the output power obtained with single wavelength pumping, an increase of 0.461 W is achieved with dual wavelength pumping, a 89.3 % increase in output power. The results show that the dual-wavelength pumping scheme of GSA and ESA for the 2.3 μm Tm<sup>3+</sup> doped laser effectively reduces the number of particles in the <sup>3</sup>F<sub>4</sub> energy level, and the introduction of the ESA pumping process can accurately excite the Tm<sup>3+</sup> accumulated in the <sup>3</sup>F<sub>4</sub> energy level to the <sup>3</sup>H<sub>4</sub> energy level, which effectively increases the output power of the 2.3 μm Tm<sup>3+</sup> doped laser.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 117803"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145788003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117802
Seval Kinden
Polymer-based nanocomposites incorporating functional nanofillers offer great promise for applications in flexible electronics and optoelectronic devices. This study presents the fabrication and characterization of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite films embedded with pure and graphene (Gr) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures to enhance their structural, optical, and electrical performance. ZnO, a wide band gap semiconductor with exciton binding energy, was doped with graphene nanoplatelets at concentrations of 5 wt%, 10 wt%, and 15 wt%. The composite films were formed using the drop-casting technique and systematically investigated to assess the influence of graphene content on the functional properties of the Gr:ZnO: PDMS composite films. FESEM analysis showed that Gr improved ZnO nanopartical dispersion, reducing agglomeration and polarization, especially at 15 wt%, where images appeared significantly brighter. XRD results indicated a transition from a crystalline to an amorphous structure as Gr content increased, with diffraction peaks at 2θ = 22°,33°, 40° gradually disappearing. Optical studies revealed that transmittance increased with Gr content up to 10 wt % (∼82 %) but dropped at 15 wt % (∼65 %). Reflectance analysis indicated enhanced light scattering due to surface roughness and interfacial effects introduced by Gr. The optical band gap decreased from 3.26 eV (undoped) to 3.12 eV at 10 wt%, then slightly increased to 3.18 eV at 15 wt% % due to increased disorder. Piezoelectric response declined at higher Gr concentrations (15 wt%) for all conditions, attributed to conductive network formation and ZnO amorphization. The findings aim to elucidate the synergetic interactions between ZnO and Gr within the PDMS matrix, offering new insights into the development of high-performance, flexible composite films, with 10 wt% Gr offering the best balance of optical and structural performance towards advanced sensor technologies, energy harvesting, and optoelectronic applications.
{"title":"Effect of graphene doping on the electrical and optical properties of ZnO:PDMS composite films","authors":"Seval Kinden","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymer-based nanocomposites incorporating functional nanofillers offer great promise for applications in flexible electronics and optoelectronic devices. This study presents the fabrication and characterization of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite films embedded with pure and graphene (Gr) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures to enhance their structural, optical, and electrical performance. ZnO, a wide band gap semiconductor with exciton binding energy, was doped with graphene nanoplatelets at concentrations of 5 wt%, 10 wt%, and 15 wt%. The composite films were formed using the drop-casting technique and systematically investigated to assess the influence of graphene content on the functional properties of the Gr:ZnO: PDMS composite films. FESEM analysis showed that Gr improved ZnO nanopartical dispersion, reducing agglomeration and polarization, especially at 15 wt%, where images appeared significantly brighter. XRD results indicated a transition from a crystalline to an amorphous structure as Gr content increased, with diffraction peaks at 2θ = 22°,33°, 40° gradually disappearing. Optical studies revealed that transmittance increased with Gr content up to 10 wt % (∼82 %) but dropped at 15 wt % (∼65 %). Reflectance analysis indicated enhanced light scattering due to surface roughness and interfacial effects introduced by Gr. The optical band gap decreased from 3.26 eV (undoped) to 3.12 eV at 10 wt%, then slightly increased to 3.18 eV at 15 wt% % due to increased disorder. Piezoelectric response declined at higher Gr concentrations (15 wt%) for all conditions, attributed to conductive network formation and ZnO amorphization. The findings aim to elucidate the synergetic interactions between ZnO and Gr within the PDMS matrix, offering new insights into the development of high-performance, flexible composite films, with 10 wt% Gr offering the best balance of optical and structural performance towards advanced sensor technologies, energy harvesting, and optoelectronic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 117802"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145788006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117778
Daiwen Xiao, Ka-Leung Wong, Peter A. Tanner
The behavior of nanoparticles in media of different refractive index has received considerable theoretical and experimental investigation. However, the behavior of larger particles, of micron size, has not been established. We have chosen Eu3+ as a marker of environmental changes. Dilution of this ion into LaPO4 gives a simple, fingerprint emission spectrum which has been studied via its luminescent lifetime, the R2 ((5D0 → 7F2)/(5D0 → 7F1) intensity ratio) and the electric dipole:magnetic dipole intensity ratio, (ED:MD), of spectral features. Measurements of micron-sized particles of LaPO4:Eu3+ synthesized by several methods have been made for dispersions in alcohols, in compressed glass discs, in melted glass discs, in phosphor in glass (PiG) and in melted PiG. The experimental results are discussed and rationalized. The Eu3+5D0 emission lifetime is reasonably constant in the bulk powders, powders dispersed in alcohols or compressed discs but is smaller in PiGs and melted glass discs. In the PiGs the structural integrity of LaPO4:Eu3+ is maintained until they are melted at higher temperature. The change in lifetime, when varying the composition of the PiG, follows the Virtual Cavity Model. For dispersal of the particles in solvents there is a cut-off particle size below 1 μm where the electronic spectra of the moiety become insensitive to the environment and the properties are determined by refractive index. The remarkable change in R2 ratio in the different systems considered – by a factor of nearly 600 % - and the corresponding decrease in 5D0 lifetime – by a factor of nearly 60 % - illustrates the versatility of the lanthanide ion.
{"title":"Are activators in micron-sized particles insensitive to their environment? Electronic spectra of LaPO4:Eu3+ particles in liquids, glasses and phosphor in glasses","authors":"Daiwen Xiao, Ka-Leung Wong, Peter A. Tanner","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The behavior of nanoparticles in media of different refractive index has received considerable theoretical and experimental investigation. However, the behavior of larger particles, of micron size, has not been established. We have chosen Eu<sup>3+</sup> as a marker of environmental changes. Dilution of this ion into LaPO<sub>4</sub> gives a simple, fingerprint emission spectrum which has been studied <em>via</em> its luminescent lifetime, the <em>R</em>2 ((<sup>5</sup><em>D</em><sub>0</sub> → <sup>7</sup><em>F</em><sub>2</sub>)/(<sup>5</sup><em>D</em><sub>0</sub> → <sup>7</sup><em>F</em><sub>1</sub>) intensity ratio) and the electric dipole:magnetic dipole intensity ratio, (ED:MD), of spectral features. Measurements of micron-sized particles of LaPO<sub>4</sub>:Eu<sup>3+</sup> synthesized by several methods have been made for dispersions in alcohols, in compressed glass discs, in melted glass discs, in phosphor in glass (PiG) and in melted PiG. The experimental results are discussed and rationalized. The Eu<sup>3+</sup> <sup>5</sup><em>D</em><sub>0</sub> emission lifetime is reasonably constant in the bulk powders, powders dispersed in alcohols or compressed discs but is smaller in PiGs and melted glass discs. In the PiGs the structural integrity of LaPO<sub>4</sub>:Eu<sup>3+</sup> is maintained until they are melted at higher temperature. The change in lifetime, when varying the composition of the PiG, follows the Virtual Cavity Model. For dispersal of the particles in solvents there is a cut-off particle size below 1 μm where the electronic spectra of the moiety become insensitive to the environment and the properties are determined by refractive index. The remarkable change in <em>R</em>2 ratio in the different systems considered – by a factor of nearly 600 % - and the corresponding decrease in <sup>5</sup><em>D</em><sub>0</sub> lifetime – by a factor of nearly 60 % - illustrates the versatility of the lanthanide ion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 117778"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145788008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117792
Rajesh Dagupati , Ramachari Doddoji , M. Chandra Sekhar
This work reports on Nd3+ -doped (SiO2–Al2O3–Na2O–Y2O3–NaF-NdF3) oxyfluoride silicate glasses (G) and glass-ceramics (GCs) containing sodium yttrium fluoride (β-Na1.5Y1.5F6) nanocrystals. The crystalline structure (β-Na1.5Y1.5F6) and its size (15–20 nm) were studied through HR-TEM (high-resolution transmission electron microscopy). The glass transition temperature (Tg) and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) values of the investigated samples were obtained from the dilatometry curves. Physical parameters such as density and molar volumes showed variations with increasing Nd3+ content in G and GCs samples. The optical absorption of GCs increased significantly with the increase in Nd3+ concentration. Further analysis of optical band gap energies was carried out through Tauc's plots for the 0.5Nd sample. Judd-Ofelt (J-O) theory was employed to calculate Ω2,4,6, quality factor (χ), and radiative parameters for the 0.5Nd G and GC samples. The NIR (near-infrared) emission peaks showed higher emission intensity in GCs than in the G samples, with the highest emission observed at 1.06 μm. With the Nd3+ ion content, the lifetime of the 4F3/2 state was decreased both in G (from 379 to 358 μs) and GCs (from 344 to 343 μs) samples. The superior laser properties, such as emission cross-section (2.57 × 10−20 cm2), gain bandwidth (86.25 × 10−27 cm3), and quantum efficiency (82 %) were obtained for the 0.5Nd_GC sample and are highly beneficial for laser applications at 1.06 μm emission.
{"title":"Nd3+ -doped oxyfluoride silicate glasses and glass-ceramics with emphasis on sodium yttrium fluoride crystal structure, thermal, and near-infrared luminescence properties","authors":"Rajesh Dagupati , Ramachari Doddoji , M. Chandra Sekhar","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work reports on Nd<sup>3+</sup> -doped (SiO<sub>2</sub>–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–Na<sub>2</sub>O–Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–NaF-NdF<sub>3</sub>) oxyfluoride silicate glasses (G) and glass-ceramics (GCs) containing sodium yttrium fluoride (β-Na<sub>1.5</sub>Y<sub>1.5</sub>F<sub>6</sub>) nanocrystals. The crystalline structure <strong>(</strong>β-Na<sub>1.5</sub>Y<sub>1.5</sub>F<sub>6</sub>) and its size (15–20 nm) were studied through HR-TEM (high-resolution transmission electron microscopy). The glass transition temperature (T<sub>g</sub>) and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) values of the investigated samples were obtained from the dilatometry curves. Physical parameters such as density and molar volumes showed variations with increasing Nd<sup>3+</sup> content in G and GCs samples. The optical absorption of GCs increased significantly with the increase in Nd<sup>3+</sup> concentration. Further analysis of optical band gap energies was carried out through Tauc's plots for the 0.5Nd sample. Judd-Ofelt (J-O) theory was employed to calculate Ω<sub>2,4,6</sub>, quality factor (χ), and radiative parameters for the 0.5Nd G and GC samples. The NIR (near-infrared) emission peaks showed higher emission intensity in GCs than in the G samples, with the highest emission observed at 1.06 μm. With the Nd<sup>3+</sup> ion content, the lifetime of the <sup>4</sup>F<sub>3/2</sub> state was decreased both in G (from 379 to 358 μs) and GCs (from 344 to 343 μs) samples. The superior laser properties, such as emission cross-section (2.57 × 10<sup>−20</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>), gain bandwidth (86.25 × 10<sup>−27</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>), and quantum efficiency (82 %) were obtained for the 0.5Nd_GC sample and are highly beneficial for laser applications at 1.06 μm emission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 117792"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145735266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the tapering process of fibers, the adiabatic taper angle and the change in mode field lead to an increase in the insertion loss (IL) of fused taper-type Fan In/Fan Out (FI/FO) devices. This paper proposes a fiber with a three-step-index structure. By adjusting the refractive index distribution of the fiber, the adiabatic criterion is significantly relaxed, enabling mode field adaptation between single-mode fibers and multi-core fibers (MCFs). It is demonstrated that the minimum theoretical adiabatic taper angle for the FI/FO device is enlarged to 3.23°, the actual transition length is greatly reduced to 1.8 mm, which is over 5 times shorter than previous work, and the maximum insertion loss is 0.32 dB at 1550 nm wavelength for FI/FO devices. Experiments verified the correctness of our model and discovery. This work offers a feasible solution and has a wonderful potential application for ultra-compact spatial multiplexers.
{"title":"Design and fabrication of ultra-compact and low-loss fan-in/fan-out devices based on adiabatic and mode-field manipulation fibers","authors":"Tingyu Zhang, Wei Chen, Junhao Zhang, Fei Wang, Xiaoyu Ma, Hui Geng, Xiaobei Zhang, Fufei Pang, Tingyun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the tapering process of fibers, the adiabatic taper angle and the change in mode field lead to an increase in the insertion loss (IL) of fused taper-type Fan In/Fan Out (FI/FO) devices. This paper proposes a fiber with a three-step-index structure. By adjusting the refractive index distribution of the fiber, the adiabatic criterion is significantly relaxed, enabling mode field adaptation between single-mode fibers and multi-core fibers (MCFs). It is demonstrated that the minimum theoretical adiabatic taper angle for the FI/FO device is enlarged to 3.23°, the actual transition length is greatly reduced to 1.8 mm, which is over 5 times shorter than previous work, and the maximum insertion loss is 0.32 dB at 1550 nm wavelength for FI/FO devices. Experiments verified the correctness of our model and discovery. This work offers a feasible solution and has a wonderful potential application for ultra-compact spatial multiplexers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 117789"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117784
A.M. Srivastava , M.G. Brik , W.W. Beers
A recent study by Souissi et al., Opt. Mater., 162 (2025) 116841, assigns emission features between 680 nm and 720 nm and a broad excitation band at 324 nm to the Gd3+6PJ → 8S7/2 transitions. In this comment, we offer an alternative interpretation of these spectral features. The origin of these transitions is clarified by recording the excitation and emission spectra, along with decay profiles, for the optically active centers present in our pristine and Cr3+-doped GdAlO3 samples. Our investigation reveals that these spectral features originate from octahedral-site Mn4+ in GdAlO3. This reassignment is corroborated by previously reported spectroscopic data on Mn4+ in GdAlO3. The Mn4+ is likely introduced as trace impurities either from the Al2O3 precursor or introduced inadvertently during synthesis.
{"title":"Comment on “A comprehensive exploration of optical properties of GdAlO3:Cr3+”","authors":"A.M. Srivastava , M.G. Brik , W.W. Beers","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A recent study by Souissi et al., Opt. Mater., 162 (2025) 116841, assigns emission features between 680 nm and 720 nm and a broad excitation band at 324 nm to the Gd<sup>3+</sup> <sup>6</sup>P<sub>J</sub> → <sup>8</sup>S<sub>7/2</sub> transitions. In this comment, we offer an alternative interpretation of these spectral features. The origin of these transitions is clarified by recording the excitation and emission spectra, along with decay profiles, for the optically active centers present in our pristine and Cr<sup>3+</sup>-doped GdAlO<sub>3</sub> samples. Our investigation reveals that these spectral features originate from octahedral-site Mn<sup>4+</sup> in GdAlO<sub>3</sub>. This reassignment is corroborated by previously reported spectroscopic data on Mn<sup>4+</sup> in GdAlO<sub>3</sub>. The Mn<sup>4+</sup> is likely introduced as trace impurities either from the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> precursor or introduced inadvertently during synthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 117784"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145735267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117790
A. Bustamante , M.E. Calixto , Dolores García-Toral , Antonio Flores-Riveros , M.A. Olea-Amezcua , J.F. Rivas-Silva
α-NaYF4:Tb3+, Eu3+ thin films with yellow photoluminescence emission were successfully grown by electrochemical deposition. Experimental characterization confirms the incorporation of both lanthanides into the host lattice. The photoluminescence spectrum exhibits green and red emission bands, confirming down-conversion processes through Tb3+ → Eu3+ energy transfer. To theoretically understand the phenomena, Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory calculations were performed on a co-doped cluster model to study excited-state transitions. The theoretical absorption spectrum shows qualitative agreement with the experimental excitation profile. Furthermore, Ligand Field Density Functional Theory calculation of individual TbF8 and EuF8 clusters using Na+ and Y3+ ions, as point charges approximation allows the extraction of multiplet energy levels and Slater-Condon parameters, providing insight within ligand field effects. This combined experimental and theoretical approach improves the understanding of energy transfer mechanisms in active lanthanide-doped materials.
{"title":"Theoretical and experimental insights of co-doped NaYF4 thin films: Yellow photoluminescence and ligand field DFT study","authors":"A. Bustamante , M.E. Calixto , Dolores García-Toral , Antonio Flores-Riveros , M.A. Olea-Amezcua , J.F. Rivas-Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>α-NaYF<sub>4</sub>:Tb<sup>3+</sup>, Eu<sup>3+</sup> thin films with yellow photoluminescence emission were successfully grown by electrochemical deposition. Experimental characterization confirms the incorporation of both lanthanides into the host lattice. The photoluminescence spectrum exhibits green and red emission bands, confirming down-conversion processes through Tb<sup>3+</sup> → Eu<sup>3+</sup> energy transfer. To theoretically understand the phenomena, Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory calculations were performed on a co-doped cluster model to study excited-state transitions. The theoretical absorption spectrum shows qualitative agreement with the experimental excitation profile. Furthermore, Ligand Field Density Functional Theory calculation of individual TbF<sub>8</sub> and EuF<sub>8</sub> clusters using Na<sup>+</sup> and Y<sup>3+</sup> ions, as point charges approximation allows the extraction of multiplet energy levels and Slater-Condon parameters, providing insight within ligand field effects. This combined experimental and theoretical approach improves the understanding of energy transfer mechanisms in active lanthanide-doped materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 117790"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145788044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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