Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101305
Andrew Buonaccorsi , Brittney N. McMullen , Brie Builder , Kelliann Drummond , Sarah Halteman , Jeremy Chen See , Evan Thomas , Alexa Viands , Sarah Worley , Justin R. Wright , Jill Keeney , Regina Lamendella
The rise in tick populations across the United States has contributed to a surge in tick-borne diseases, with Pennsylvania ranking among the highest in reported cases. To better understand local pathogen prevalence and microbial community structure, an integrative study of ticks collected from ten recreational trails in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania during the summer of 2023 was conducted. A total of 96 ticks were sampled, with 33 PCR-positive specimens selected for shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Pathogen screening via qPCR detected Borreliella burgdorferi, Borrelia miyamotoi, Babesia spp., and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Shotgun metagenomics revealed a broader diversity of tick-borne pathogens, including Rickettsia and Ehrlichia spp., and demonstrated increased sensitivity by detecting low-abundance pathogens in samples that were PCR-negative. Co-infections were common, and multivariate statistical analysis identified significant associations between environmental variables (e.g., humidity, time of day, land cover) and microbial diversity and predicted gene function. Notably, diversity was higher in ticks collected during early afternoon and from northern sites. Co-occurrence network analysis showed Rickettsia as a central taxon with multiple significant positive associations with other microbes while other pathogens were largely absent or peripheral. These findings underscore the enhanced resolution of metagenomic approaches for pathogen detection and the value of combining molecular surveillance with ecological metadata. Our study provides critical insights into local tick microbiomes and pathogen prevalence, which may inform public health interventions and vector management strategies in central Pennsylvania.
{"title":"Metagenomic surveillance of tick-borne pathogens and microbiomes in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania","authors":"Andrew Buonaccorsi , Brittney N. McMullen , Brie Builder , Kelliann Drummond , Sarah Halteman , Jeremy Chen See , Evan Thomas , Alexa Viands , Sarah Worley , Justin R. Wright , Jill Keeney , Regina Lamendella","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rise in tick populations across the United States has contributed to a surge in tick-borne diseases, with Pennsylvania ranking among the highest in reported cases. To better understand local pathogen prevalence and microbial community structure, an integrative study of ticks collected from ten recreational trails in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania during the summer of 2023 was conducted. A total of 96 ticks were sampled, with 33 PCR-positive specimens selected for shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Pathogen screening via qPCR detected <em>Borreliella burgdorferi</em>, <em>Borrelia miyamotoi</em>, <em>Babesia</em> spp., and <em>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</em>. Shotgun metagenomics revealed a broader diversity of tick-borne pathogens, including <em>Rickettsia</em> and <em>Ehrlichia</em> spp., and demonstrated increased sensitivity by detecting low-abundance pathogens in samples that were PCR-negative. Co-infections were common, and multivariate statistical analysis identified significant associations between environmental variables (e.g., humidity, time of day, land cover) and microbial diversity and predicted gene function. Notably, diversity was higher in ticks collected during early afternoon and from northern sites. Co-occurrence network analysis showed <em>Rickettsia</em> as a central taxon with multiple significant positive associations with other microbes while other pathogens were largely absent or peripheral. These findings underscore the enhanced resolution of metagenomic approaches for pathogen detection and the value of combining molecular surveillance with ecological metadata. Our study provides critical insights into local tick microbiomes and pathogen prevalence, which may inform public health interventions and vector management strategies in central Pennsylvania.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101305"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2025-12-27DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101308
Giulio Pisaneschi , Piero Manfredi , Alberto Landi , Nico Stollenwerk , Maíra Aguiar
Dengue is no longer limited to tropical regions, as recent outbreaks in Southern Europe show. In 2024, nearly 150 local cases were reported in Fano, Italy, raising concerns that dengue could become established in temperate areas. In this work, we question the common belief that large outbreaks require high numbers of mosquitoes and a high basic reproduction number (). We show that significant outbreaks can happen even when is below one, triggered by the random introduction of infected travelers. Using a mathematical model that includes imported cases and mosquito populations, we explain how rare but possible transmission events can cause substantial local spread, even under conditions usually thought too weak for sustained outbreaks. Our findings point out an important gap in current risk assessments, which often rely only on fixed invasion thresholds and basic reproduction numbers. By considering the complex interactions between human travel, mosquito ecology, and the environment, our work supports the One Health approach to understanding disease emergence. We recommend combining stochastic modeling, data on human movement, and mosquito surveillance in early warning systems to better predict outbreaks’ risk and improve preparedness in regions not traditionally affected by dengue.
{"title":"When Few Mosquitoes Are Enough: Dengue outbreaks in non-endemic areas","authors":"Giulio Pisaneschi , Piero Manfredi , Alberto Landi , Nico Stollenwerk , Maíra Aguiar","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dengue is no longer limited to tropical regions, as recent outbreaks in Southern Europe show. In 2024, nearly 150 local cases were reported in Fano, Italy, raising concerns that dengue could become established in temperate areas. In this work, we question the common belief that large outbreaks require high numbers of mosquitoes and a high basic reproduction number (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>). We show that significant outbreaks can happen even when <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> is below one, triggered by the random introduction of infected travelers. Using a mathematical model that includes imported cases and mosquito populations, we explain how rare but possible transmission events can cause substantial local spread, even under conditions usually thought too weak for sustained outbreaks. Our findings point out an important gap in current risk assessments, which often rely only on fixed invasion thresholds and basic reproduction numbers. By considering the complex interactions between human travel, mosquito ecology, and the environment, our work supports the <em>One Health</em> approach to understanding disease emergence. We recommend combining stochastic modeling, data on human movement, and mosquito surveillance in early warning systems to better predict outbreaks’ risk and improve preparedness in regions not traditionally affected by dengue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101308"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101342
Ndungu Nyokabi , Emmanuel Muunda , Henrietta Moore , Luke Korir , Asaah Ndambi , Charles Omanga , Lilian Korir , Lisette Phelan
Demand for animal-source foods (ASF) is growing globally, and the consumption can improve food and nutrition security. However, there are growing food safety risks associated with milk contamination. Studies assessing food safety measures (FSM) at the farm level are still limited. This study investigated FSM adoption in Kenyan smallholder dairy farms. Data were collected through focus group discussions (FGDs) and a farm survey involving 652 farmers, which considered 11 milking hygiene, 6 milk storage, 6 environmental hygiene, and 7 animal health measures.
The Food Safety Index (FSI) was 51.67%, which reveals average FSM adoption and a good agricultural practices (GAPs) compliance gap that exposes consumers to public health risks. FSM adoption was associated with participation in formal and/or informal milk value chains, socio-economic and demographic factors, knowledge of milk quality standards and regulations, farm biophysical conditions, market dynamics and institutional factors.
There is a need for increasing FSM adoption through improving farmers' knowledge, supporting their access to financial resources, and providing infrastructure and services, including roads, inputs, extension and animal health services. Policymakers should design and implement policies that address specific farmers' needs. There is also a need to provide economic incentives and ensure that the market rewards dairy producers who adopt high levels of FSM that lead to safer milk. Finally, promoting the One Health approach can help farmers address human, environmental and animal health risks, which can reduce food safety risks in dairy value chains.
{"title":"Adoption of food safety measures in smallholder dairy farms in Kenya: Implications for milk safety and public health","authors":"Ndungu Nyokabi , Emmanuel Muunda , Henrietta Moore , Luke Korir , Asaah Ndambi , Charles Omanga , Lilian Korir , Lisette Phelan","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Demand for animal-source foods (ASF) is growing globally, and the consumption can improve food and nutrition security. However, there are growing food safety risks associated with milk contamination. Studies assessing food safety measures (FSM) at the farm level are still limited. This study investigated FSM adoption in Kenyan smallholder dairy farms. Data were collected through focus group discussions (FGDs) and a farm survey involving 652 farmers, which considered 11 milking hygiene, 6 milk storage, 6 environmental hygiene, and 7 animal health measures.</div><div>The Food Safety Index (FSI) was 51.67%, which reveals average FSM adoption and a good agricultural practices (GAPs) compliance gap that exposes consumers to public health risks. FSM adoption was associated with participation in formal and/or informal milk value chains, socio-economic and demographic factors, knowledge of milk quality standards and regulations, farm biophysical conditions, market dynamics and institutional factors.</div><div>There is a need for increasing FSM adoption through improving farmers' knowledge, supporting their access to financial resources, and providing infrastructure and services, including roads, inputs, extension and animal health services. Policymakers should design and implement policies that address specific farmers' needs. There is also a need to provide economic incentives and ensure that the market rewards dairy producers who adopt high levels of FSM that lead to safer milk. Finally, promoting the One Health approach can help farmers address human, environmental and animal health risks, which can reduce food safety risks in dairy value chains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101342"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146165705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101293
Valentin Adrian Kiss , Bram Vanden Broecke , Sofie De Bruyckere , An Martel , Wendt Müller
Urban wildlife populations often carry zoonotic pathogens that pose considerable public health risks through direct contact with humans. However, disease prevalence in urban settings is generally reported at the city level, which disregards spatial heterogeneity due to local differences in habitat structure or resource availability in the urban landscape. This study therefore examines the fine-scale spatial heterogeneity of Chlamydia psittaci, a generalist bacterium that frequently infects feral pigeons, in Antwerp, Belgium. We collected samples from 377 pigeons at 23 locations and performed qPCR screening for C. psittaci. At the same time, we performed an extensive literature review that includes 20 studies from 29 unique cities globally. Our findings indicate that the prevalence variance within Antwerp (CV = 0.70) is comparable to the variation reported among cities worldwide (CV = 0.88), suggesting that distinct locations within a single city can exhibit differences comparable to those between entirely different cities. Our data suggest that citywide or even countrywide are likely confounded by small scale spatial infection heterogeneity. A combination simulation showed that at least 12 unique sampling sites are necessary to accurately assess the true prevalence at the city level. Finally, we could show that also the screening method influences reported prevalence, with blood samples and non-PCR screening inflating reported prevalence rates. Taken together, we recommend that urban surveillance reports include at least 12 sampling sites, use standardized screening protocols and provide site-level data so that fine-scale heterogeneity can be taken into account.
{"title":"Hotspot or blind spot? Fine-scale spatial heterogeneity and methodological bias in Chlamydia psittaci prevalence rate reports from urban feral pigeons (Columba livia f. urbana)","authors":"Valentin Adrian Kiss , Bram Vanden Broecke , Sofie De Bruyckere , An Martel , Wendt Müller","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban wildlife populations often carry zoonotic pathogens that pose considerable public health risks through direct contact with humans. However, disease prevalence in urban settings is generally reported at the city level, which disregards spatial heterogeneity due to local differences in habitat structure or resource availability in the urban landscape. This study therefore examines the fine-scale spatial heterogeneity of <em>Chlamydia psittaci</em>, a generalist bacterium that frequently infects feral pigeons, in Antwerp, Belgium. We collected samples from 377 pigeons at 23 locations and performed qPCR screening for <em>C. psittaci</em>. At the same time, we performed an extensive literature review that includes 20 studies from 29 unique cities globally. Our findings indicate that the prevalence variance within Antwerp (CV = 0.70) is comparable to the variation reported among cities worldwide (CV = 0.88), suggesting that distinct locations within a single city can exhibit differences comparable to those between entirely different cities. Our data suggest that citywide or even countrywide are likely confounded by small scale spatial infection heterogeneity. A combination simulation showed that at least 12 unique sampling sites are necessary to accurately assess the true prevalence at the city level. Finally, we could show that also the screening method influences reported prevalence, with blood samples and non-PCR screening inflating reported prevalence rates. Taken together, we recommend that urban surveillance reports include at least 12 sampling sites, use standardized screening protocols and provide site-level data so that fine-scale heterogeneity can be taken into account.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101293"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145735977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101336
Georgios Giannopoulos , Dimitrios Pilalas , Georgia D. Mandilara , Charalampos Kotzamanidis , Ioannis Anastopoulos , Esmeralda Dushku , Vasileios A. Tzanakakis , Alexios N. Polidoros , Vassilis Aschonitis , George Arampatzis
Biosolids application to farmlands enhances soil fertility and promotes sustainable agriculture; yet it is vital to co-evaluate the interconnected risk of spreading antibiotic resistance throughout the agri-food sector. The impacts of sewage sludge treatments (dewatered, air-dried, limed, and thermally dried) and application rates (1–3%) on the abundance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance indices (ARI) in biosolids and biosolid-amended agricultural soils were tested. Thermal drying markedly reduced total heterotrophic and antibiotic-resistant bacterial abundance by nearly 5 log₁₀ units, resulting in the lowest ARI across multiple antibiotic classes, including ciprofloxacin and neomycin. Liming also effectively lowered some resistance indices through pH elevation and ammonia volatilization. Soil mesocosm experiments with 1–3% (w/w) biosolid amendment doses revealed that increasing biosolid application rates resulted in a dose-dependent increase in bacterial counts and ARI, especially for air-dried biosolids. ARB and ARI were generally lower in soils amended with limed or thermally dried biosolids compared to untreated or air-dried sludge, underscoring the importance of treatment intensity. Notably, antibiotic resistance was detected even in unamended control soils, highlighting a baseline resistance background. While biosolid amendments enhance soil fertility, insufficiently treated sludge or high application rates (greater than 1%) can promote the proliferation and spread of clinically relevant antibiotic resistance in soils. These findings highlight the crucial role of advanced biosolid processing and prudent application management in mitigating antimicrobial resistance risks across the agri-food ecosystem, aligning with the One Health framework for safeguarding human, animal, and environmental health.
{"title":"From biowastes to risks? Impact of biosolids treatment and dose on antibiotic resistance in agricultural soils – A mesocosm study","authors":"Georgios Giannopoulos , Dimitrios Pilalas , Georgia D. Mandilara , Charalampos Kotzamanidis , Ioannis Anastopoulos , Esmeralda Dushku , Vasileios A. Tzanakakis , Alexios N. Polidoros , Vassilis Aschonitis , George Arampatzis","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biosolids application to farmlands enhances soil fertility and promotes sustainable agriculture; yet it is vital to co-evaluate the interconnected risk of spreading antibiotic resistance throughout the agri-food sector. The impacts of sewage sludge treatments (dewatered, air-dried, limed, and thermally dried) and application rates (1–3%) on the abundance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance indices (ARI) in biosolids and biosolid-amended agricultural soils were tested. Thermal drying markedly reduced total heterotrophic and antibiotic-resistant bacterial abundance by nearly 5 log₁₀ units, resulting in the lowest ARI across multiple antibiotic classes, including ciprofloxacin and neomycin. Liming also effectively lowered some resistance indices through pH elevation and ammonia volatilization. Soil mesocosm experiments with 1–3% (<em>w</em>/w) biosolid amendment doses revealed that increasing biosolid application rates resulted in a dose-dependent increase in bacterial counts and ARI, especially for air-dried biosolids. ARB and ARI were generally lower in soils amended with limed or thermally dried biosolids compared to untreated or air-dried sludge, underscoring the importance of treatment intensity. Notably, antibiotic resistance was detected even in unamended control soils, highlighting a baseline resistance background. While biosolid amendments enhance soil fertility, insufficiently treated sludge or high application rates (greater than 1%) can promote the proliferation and spread of clinically relevant antibiotic resistance in soils. These findings highlight the crucial role of advanced biosolid processing and prudent application management in mitigating antimicrobial resistance risks across the agri-food ecosystem, aligning with the One Health framework for safeguarding human, animal, and environmental health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101336"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101347
Soe Yu Naing , Juliëtte Severin , Aldert Zomer , Kuntaman Kuntaman , Imron Suandy , Sunandar Sunandar , Annisa Rachmawati , Nofita Nurbiyanti , Mira Leonie Schneiders , Koen Peeters Grietens , Alicia Widya , Linda van der Graaf-van Bloois , Mathieu Pruvot , Diego Nobrega , Anis Karuniawati , Jaap A. Wagenaar
Introduction
Colistin is a last-resort antimicrobial used to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in humans. In Indonesia, widespread detection of colistin use and resistance in commensal Escherichia coli from poultry, particularly broilers, led to a national ban on its use in livestock effective since July 1st, 2020. However, the impact of this policy intervention on colistin resistance in both humans and livestock has not yet been evaluated. The COINCIDE study aims to investigate the ban's effect on colistin resistance, compliance, and transmission dynamics of resistance between humans and poultry.
Methods and analysis
COINCIDE will: (i) assess phenotypic and genotypic colistin resistance in E. coli from humans and poultry; (ii) estimate transmission of colistin resistant E. coli between humans and animals; (iii) explore colistin and antimicrobial use (AMU) at the community level; (iv) identify social and cultural factors driving AMU; and (v) strengthen multisectoral One Health collaboration. Post-ban sampling will be conducted in three districts of Central Java Province (Klaten, Karanganyar, and Sukoharjo), where pre-ban samples were already available. We will recruit participants from primary healthcare centers (PHC) (n = 683), poultry farmers (n = 120), and visit a total of 60 small-scale layer farms. Broiler isolates (n = 2865) from Indonesia's routine antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance (2018–2023) will also be included. In terms of sample collection, post-ban samples will include rectal swabs from patients visiting PHC and farmers and boot swabs from small-scale layer farms. Colistin resistance will be screened using CHROMagar COL-APSE agar medium and confirmed by broth microdilution. Results of long-read whole-genome sequencing will identify resistance mechanisms and transmission pathways. A qualitative ethnography work will include participant observation and informal conversations during field visits, alongside in-depth interviews with healthcare professionals and stakeholders. “Drug bag” method interviews will assess antimicrobial use, access, and drivers at the community level. Simulated patient visits to pharmacies and local shops (warung or toko obat), and interviews with agrovet outlets and poultry shops will be conducted to evaluate compliance with antimicrobial sales regulations.
Conclusion
By integrating microbiological, epidemiological, policy, and social science data, findings from the COINCIDE study will provide a strong scientific basis to inform AMR policies in Indonesia, with potential significance to inform other countries across Southeast Asia.
{"title":"Impact of reducing colistin use on colistin resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from humans and poultry in Indonesia (COINCIDE): A protocol for a multisectoral, transdisciplinary One Health study","authors":"Soe Yu Naing , Juliëtte Severin , Aldert Zomer , Kuntaman Kuntaman , Imron Suandy , Sunandar Sunandar , Annisa Rachmawati , Nofita Nurbiyanti , Mira Leonie Schneiders , Koen Peeters Grietens , Alicia Widya , Linda van der Graaf-van Bloois , Mathieu Pruvot , Diego Nobrega , Anis Karuniawati , Jaap A. Wagenaar","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Colistin is a last-resort antimicrobial used to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in humans. In Indonesia, widespread detection of colistin use and resistance in commensal <em>Escherichia coli</em> from poultry, particularly broilers, led to a national ban on its use in livestock effective since July 1st, 2020. However, the impact of this policy intervention on colistin resistance in both humans and livestock has not yet been evaluated. The COINCIDE study aims to investigate the ban's effect on colistin resistance, compliance, and transmission dynamics of resistance between humans and poultry.</div></div><div><h3>Methods and analysis</h3><div>COINCIDE will: (i) assess phenotypic and genotypic colistin resistance in <em>E. coli</em> from humans and poultry; (ii) estimate transmission of colistin resistant <em>E. coli</em> between humans and animals; (iii) explore colistin and antimicrobial use (AMU) at the community level; (iv) identify social and cultural factors driving AMU; and (v) strengthen multisectoral One Health collaboration. Post-ban sampling will be conducted in three districts of Central Java Province (Klaten, Karanganyar, and Sukoharjo), where pre-ban samples were already available. We will recruit participants from primary healthcare centers (PHC) (<em>n</em> = 683), poultry farmers (<em>n</em> = 120), and visit a total of 60 small-scale layer farms. Broiler isolates (<em>n</em> = 2865) from Indonesia's routine antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance (2018–2023) will also be included. In terms of sample collection, post-ban samples will include rectal swabs from patients visiting PHC and farmers and boot swabs from small-scale layer farms. Colistin resistance will be screened using CHROMagar COL-APSE agar medium and confirmed by broth microdilution. Results of long-read whole-genome sequencing will identify resistance mechanisms and transmission pathways. A qualitative ethnography work will include participant observation and informal conversations during field visits, alongside in-depth interviews with healthcare professionals and stakeholders. “Drug bag” method interviews will assess antimicrobial use, access, and drivers at the community level. Simulated patient visits to pharmacies and local shops (<em>warung</em> or <em>toko obat</em>), and interviews with agrovet outlets and poultry shops will be conducted to evaluate compliance with antimicrobial sales regulations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>By integrating microbiological, epidemiological, policy, and social science data, findings from the COINCIDE study will provide a strong scientific basis to inform AMR policies in Indonesia, with potential significance to inform other countries across Southeast Asia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101347"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101331
Francesca Dagostin , Diana Erazo , Giovanni Marini , Daniele Da Re , Valentina Tagliapietra , Maria Avdicova , Tatjana Avšič-Županc , Timothée Dub , Nahuel Fiorito , Nataša Knap , Céline M. Gossner , Jana Kerlik , Henna Mäkelä , Mateusz Markowicz , Roya Olyazadeh , Lukas Richter , William Wint , Maria Grazia Zuccali , Milda Žygutienė , Simon Dellicour , Annapaola Rizzoli
Background
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), is a zoonotic disease that can lead to severe neurological symptoms. Given the increasing number of reported human TBE cases in Europe, we developed a spatio-temporal predictive model to infer the year-to-year probability of human TBE occurrence across Europe at the regional and municipal administrative levels.
Methods
We derived the distribution of human TBE cases at the regional level during 2017–2022 by using data provided by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), and at the municipal level by using data provided by Austria, Finland, Italy, Lithuania, and Slovakia. We modeled the probability of presence of human TBE cases at the regional and municipal levels for the period 2017–2025 with a boosted regression trees model, including covariates that affect both the natural hazard of virus circulation and human exposure to tick bites.
Findings
Areas with the highest probability of human TBE infections are located in central-eastern Europe, the Baltic states, and along the coastline of Nordic countries. Our results highlight a statistically significant rising trend in human TBE risk not only in north-western, but also in south-western European countries. Such areas are characterised by the presence of key tick host species, forested areas, intense human activity in forests, steep drops in late summer temperatures and high precipitation amounts during the driest months. The model showed good predictive performance, with a mean AUC of 0.84 (SD = 0.03), sensitivity of 0.83 (SD = 0.01), and specificity of 0.80 (SD = 0.01) at the regional level, and a mean AUC of 0.82 (SD = 0.03), sensitivity of 0.83 (SD = 0.01), and specificity of 0.69 (SD = 0.01) at the municipal level.
Interpretation
With ongoing climate and land use changes, the number of human TBE cases is likely to increase and spread into new areas. This highlights the importance of predictive models that can identify potential risk areas to support disease prevention and control efforts by public health authorities. The approach adopted, by fitting a One Health framework and leveraging lagged covaries, enables timely one-year-ahead predictions and enhances our current understanding of TBE risk under a global change scenario.
{"title":"Predicting the spatio-temporal risk of human tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Europe by combining hazard and exposure drivers","authors":"Francesca Dagostin , Diana Erazo , Giovanni Marini , Daniele Da Re , Valentina Tagliapietra , Maria Avdicova , Tatjana Avšič-Županc , Timothée Dub , Nahuel Fiorito , Nataša Knap , Céline M. Gossner , Jana Kerlik , Henna Mäkelä , Mateusz Markowicz , Roya Olyazadeh , Lukas Richter , William Wint , Maria Grazia Zuccali , Milda Žygutienė , Simon Dellicour , Annapaola Rizzoli","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), is a zoonotic disease that can lead to severe neurological symptoms. Given the increasing number of reported human TBE cases in Europe, we developed a spatio-temporal predictive model to infer the year-to-year probability of human TBE occurrence across Europe at the regional and municipal administrative levels.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We derived the distribution of human TBE cases at the regional level during 2017–2022 by using data provided by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), and at the municipal level by using data provided by Austria, Finland, Italy, Lithuania, and Slovakia. We modeled the probability of presence of human TBE cases at the regional and municipal levels for the period 2017–2025 with a boosted regression trees model, including covariates that affect both the natural hazard of virus circulation and human exposure to tick bites.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Areas with the highest probability of human TBE infections are located in central-eastern Europe, the Baltic states, and along the coastline of Nordic countries. Our results highlight a statistically significant rising trend in human TBE risk not only in north-western, but also in south-western European countries. Such areas are characterised by the presence of key tick host species, forested areas, intense human activity in forests, steep drops in late summer temperatures and high precipitation amounts during the driest months. The model showed good predictive performance, with a mean AUC of 0.84 (SD = 0.03), sensitivity of 0.83 (SD = 0.01), and specificity of 0.80 (SD = 0.01) at the regional level, and a mean AUC of 0.82 (SD = 0.03), sensitivity of 0.83 (SD = 0.01), and specificity of 0.69 (SD = 0.01) at the municipal level.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>With ongoing climate and land use changes, the number of human TBE cases is likely to increase and spread into new areas. This highlights the importance of predictive models that can identify potential risk areas to support disease prevention and control efforts by public health authorities. The approach adopted, by fitting a One Health framework and leveraging lagged covaries, enables timely one-year-ahead predictions and enhances our current understanding of TBE risk under a global change scenario.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101331"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101307
Paola Monguilod , Belinda Gallardo
The rise in zoonotic diseases is accelerating, with climate change expected to further intensify this trend. Invasive Alien Species (IAS) play an important role in the emergence and spread of zoonotic diseases by introducing both existing and novel pathogens to the regions they invade. Despite this, research on the role of IAS in spreading zoonotic diseases remains limited. Our study investigated the zoonotic risks posed by eight invasive mammal species prioritized for management in Europe. On average, each species was found to transmit 16 pathogens capable of causing severe diseases in humans, including Echinococcosis, Leptospirosis, Lyme neuroborreliosis, and Encephalitis.
We identified central and western Europe as significant disease hotspots. Climate change is facilitating the expansion of IAS into new areas, as warmer temperatures make previously inhospitable regions suitable. Future projections indicate a northeastward shift in their suitability by 2050. These changes vary by species, with the Siberian chipmunk losing up to 45 % of its suitability, while the gray squirrel could see a 26 % increase under a high-emissions scenario.
Finally, we found that 71 % of the human population lives in areas highly suitable for IAS establishment. Our findings underscore the health risks associated with IAS and highlight the need for further research into their role in disease dynamics. Addressing this issue is essential for developing effective public health strategies and mitigating future zoonotic disease outbreaks.
{"title":"Invasive alien mammals pose zoonotic risks to human health in Europe","authors":"Paola Monguilod , Belinda Gallardo","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rise in zoonotic diseases is accelerating, with climate change expected to further intensify this trend. Invasive Alien Species (IAS) play an important role in the emergence and spread of zoonotic diseases by introducing both existing and novel pathogens to the regions they invade. Despite this, research on the role of IAS in spreading zoonotic diseases remains limited. Our study investigated the zoonotic risks posed by eight invasive mammal species prioritized for management in Europe. On average, each species was found to transmit 16 pathogens capable of causing severe diseases in humans, including Echinococcosis, Leptospirosis, Lyme neuroborreliosis, and Encephalitis.</div><div>We identified central and western Europe as significant disease hotspots. Climate change is facilitating the expansion of IAS into new areas, as warmer temperatures make previously inhospitable regions suitable. Future projections indicate a northeastward shift in their suitability by 2050. These changes vary by species, with the Siberian chipmunk losing up to 45 % of its suitability, while the gray squirrel could see a 26 % increase under a high-emissions scenario.</div><div>Finally, we found that 71 % of the human population lives in areas highly suitable for IAS establishment. Our findings underscore the health risks associated with IAS and highlight the need for further research into their role in disease dynamics. Addressing this issue is essential for developing effective public health strategies and mitigating future zoonotic disease outbreaks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101307"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2025-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101313
Agustín Estrada-Peña , Julie Davis , James H. Stark , Patrick H. Kelly
Classic environmental niche modelling to examine the distribution of the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bb) in the Western Palearctic, is often inadequate because it depends on both its tick vector(s), like Ixodes ricinus, and vertebrate reservoirs. We aimed to better determine, identify, and map the geographic distribution of Bb genospecies compiling data from 15,032 I. ricinus samples and over 6.5 million vertebrate records across 103 genera. We leveraged Species Stacking Distribution Modelling and Principal Components Analysis to identify communities of co-occurring vertebrates and their associations between Bb prevalence in host-seeking Ixodes nymphs and. Four vertebrate communities were revealed, with one strongly linked as primary reservoirs to Bb geographic range. Distribution of Bb in southern Europe was limited by the absence of I. ricinus despite suitable reservoirs, while in northern regions, a lack of competent reservoirs restricts its spread. The Bb prevalence in questing ticks correlates significantly (R2 = 0.89) with the presence of key reservoirs rather than overall vertebrate diversity which suggests the Bb niche is predictable and tied to specific vertebrate-tick co-occurrences. We compiled a dataset with the climate, vegetation, and vertebrate-derived variables linked to the transmission pressure of Bb to humans for the complete European territory, aiming for the prevention of infection in humans. This research underscores the importance of integrating reservoir species and tick distribution data to better map and predict Bb spread. By capturing the effects of climate and community composition on the occurrence of Bb in Europe, this framework provides insights for tracking Lyme borreliosis at a continental-level.
{"title":"The niche of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Europe is predictable and mappable","authors":"Agustín Estrada-Peña , Julie Davis , James H. Stark , Patrick H. Kelly","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Classic environmental niche modelling to examine the distribution of the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis <em>Borrelia burgdorferi</em> sensu lato (<em>Bb</em>) in the Western Palearctic, is often inadequate because it depends on both its tick vector(s), like <em>Ixodes ricinus</em>, and vertebrate reservoirs. We aimed to better determine, identify, and map the geographic distribution of <em>Bb</em> genospecies compiling data from 15,032 <em>I. ricinus</em> samples and over 6.5 million vertebrate records across 103 genera. We leveraged Species Stacking Distribution Modelling and Principal Components Analysis to identify communities of co-occurring vertebrates and their associations between <em>Bb</em> prevalence in host-seeking <em>Ixodes</em> nymphs and. Four vertebrate communities were revealed, with one strongly linked as primary reservoirs to <em>Bb</em> geographic range. Distribution of <em>Bb</em> in southern Europe was limited by the absence of <em>I. ricinus</em> despite suitable reservoirs, while in northern regions, a lack of competent reservoirs restricts its spread. The <em>Bb</em> prevalence in questing ticks correlates significantly (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.89) with the presence of key reservoirs rather than overall vertebrate diversity which suggests the <em>Bb</em> niche is predictable and tied to specific vertebrate-tick co-occurrences. We compiled a dataset with the climate, vegetation, and vertebrate-derived variables linked to the transmission pressure of <em>Bb</em> to humans for the complete European territory, aiming for the prevention of infection in humans. This research underscores the importance of integrating reservoir species and tick distribution data to better map and predict <em>Bb</em> spread. By capturing the effects of climate and community composition on the occurrence of <em>Bb</em> in Europe, this framework provides insights for tracking Lyme borreliosis at a continental-level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101313"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101329
Zhiyu Li , Biao Tang , Huafeng Jian , Xiaoqian Long , Fengcheng Miao , Yao Shen , Tong Jiang , Yue Yang , Hua Yang , Lin Teng , Wenbin Zheng , Jiangang Ma
Carbapenems and colistin resistance in Enterobacterales is a global public health issue. In this study, we isolated seven Escherichia coli strains co-resistant to colistin and meropenem from market chicken meat in Zhejiang Province, China. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that these strains exhibited extensive antimicrobial resistance, with a 100% multidrug-resistant rate. All seven strains harbored both blaNDM and mcr-1 genes, along with various additional resistance genes. Among the seven E. coli strains, the harboring blaNDM plasmids were IncX3 (4/7) and IncB/O/K/Z (3/7) plasmids, and the mcr-1 gene was primarily identified on IncI2 (3/7) plasmids. Notably, most plasmids harboring the blaNDM and mcr genes can be transferred to recipient bacteria via conjugation, highlighting their role as important vehicles for the dissemination of resistance genes. Meanwhile, we also identified a novel blaNDM variant, designated blaNDM-85, which exhibited amino acid substitutions E152K and M154L compared to blaNDM-1. Through the cloning and expression of blaNDM-1 to blaNDM-10 and blaNDM-85 genes, it was found that the resistance levels of blaNDM-85 were significantly higher than other blaNDM variants. It should be noted that the spread of blaNDM-85 will further increase the difficulty of treating clinically resistant bacteria. Our findings highlight the detection of blaNDM and mcr-1 producing E. coli in market chicken meat as a potential public health risk. And the urgent need for enhanced surveillance and intervention strategies to mitigate the spread of these multidrug-resistant pathogens in the food chain.
{"title":"Characteristics of Escherichia coli co-harboring blaNDM and mcr-1 genes from market chicken meat","authors":"Zhiyu Li , Biao Tang , Huafeng Jian , Xiaoqian Long , Fengcheng Miao , Yao Shen , Tong Jiang , Yue Yang , Hua Yang , Lin Teng , Wenbin Zheng , Jiangang Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbapenems and colistin resistance in <em>Enterobacterales</em> is a global public health issue. In this study, we isolated seven <em>Escherichia coli</em> strains co-resistant to colistin and meropenem from market chicken meat in Zhejiang Province, China. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that these strains exhibited extensive antimicrobial resistance, with a 100% multidrug-resistant rate. All seven strains harbored both <em>bla</em><sub>NDM</sub> and <em>mcr-1</em> genes, along with various additional resistance genes. Among the seven <em>E. coli</em> strains, the harboring <em>bla</em><sub>NDM</sub> plasmids were IncX3 (4/7) and IncB/O/K/Z (3/7) plasmids, and the <em>mcr-1</em> gene was primarily identified on IncI2 (3/7) plasmids. Notably, most plasmids harboring the <em>bla</em><sub>NDM</sub> and <em>mcr</em> genes can be transferred to recipient bacteria <em>via</em> conjugation, highlighting their role as important vehicles for the dissemination of resistance genes. Meanwhile, we also identified a novel <em>bla</em><sub>NDM</sub> variant, designated <em>bla</em><sub>NDM-85</sub>, which exhibited amino acid substitutions E152K and M154L compared to <em>bla</em><sub>NDM-1</sub>. Through the cloning and expression of <em>bla</em><sub>NDM-1</sub> to <em>bla</em><sub>NDM-10</sub> and <em>bla</em><sub>NDM-85</sub> genes, it was found that the resistance levels of <em>bla</em><sub>NDM-85</sub> were significantly higher than other <em>bla</em><sub>NDM</sub> variants. It should be noted that the spread of <em>bla</em><sub>NDM-85</sub> will further increase the difficulty of treating clinically resistant bacteria. Our findings highlight the detection of <em>bla</em><sub>NDM</sub> and <em>mcr-1</em> producing <em>E. coli</em> in market chicken meat as a potential public health risk. And the urgent need for enhanced surveillance and intervention strategies to mitigate the spread of these multidrug-resistant pathogens in the food chain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101329"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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