One Health最新文献

{"title":"Retrospective entomological and eco-epidemiological survey of a leishmaniasis outbreak in southern Spain","authors":"Mikel Alexander González ,&nbsp;Nuria Labiod ,&nbsp;Sergio Magallanes ,&nbsp;Maribel Jiménez ,&nbsp;Carolina Sanchez-Peña ,&nbsp;Inés Martín-Martín ,&nbsp;Isabel Vázquez-Rincon ,&nbsp;David Macias-Magro ,&nbsp;Laura Guillén-Calvo ,&nbsp;María José Ruiz López ,&nbsp;Ana Vázquez ,&nbsp;Jordi Figuerola","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leishmaniasis is a well-known vector borne disease with a high incidence in southern European countries. In Spain, <em>Leishmania infantum</em> infections typically occur as sporadic and infrequent outbreaks. However, in recent years, several outbreaks have been reported in different regions, accompanied by increasing hospitalization rates. In 2023, 31 human cases of <em>Leishmania</em> infection were reported in hospitals across 15 municipalities in Córdoba (southern Spain). Visceral leishmaniasis was the predominant form (77.4%), followed by cutaneous (19.4%), and mucocutaneous (3.2%) forms. A retrospective analysis of <em>Phlebotomus</em> captures from the mosquito monitoring network was conducted to characterize the phenology, abundance, and feeding behaviour of sand flies in the main outbreak area. A total of 22,220 sand fly specimens were recorded, with male identification revealing five species: <em>Phlebotomus perniciosus</em> (94.3%), <em>Sergentomyia minuta</em> (4.3%), <em>Phlebotomus ariasi</em> (0.08%), <em>Phlebotomus sergenti</em> (0.03%), <em>Phlebotomus papatasi</em> (0.005%) and 1.3% undetermined. Sand fly captures peaked in September, preceding the major peak in human case notifications. Most of the identified blood meals (75.0%, <em>n</em> = 163) came from Iberian rabbits (<em>Oryctolagus cuniculus algirus</em>), although blood from six other mammal species, including two samples of human origin, and one bird species was also detected. A total of 5855 female sand flies analysed, grouped into 145 pools, showed a <em>Leishmania</em> infection prevalence of 3.8%, peaking in October and November. Our findings suggest that the Iberian rabbit may play a key role in the local epidemiology of <em>L.</em> <em>infantum</em>, given its high frequency as a blood source for <em>Ph. perniciosus</em> and the elevated vector densities and infection rates observed in the outbreak area. These results emphasize the need for continuous entomological surveillance and proactive vector management, integrating the monitoring and control of potential reservoir hosts to effectively reduce transmission risk in the affected areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101343"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146181742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pet ownership and parent-reported mental health in pediatric transplantation. A cross-sectional study from the European reference network Transplantchild. The pink study","authors":"María Simón ,&nbsp;Eduardo Fernández-Jiménez ,&nbsp;Paula García-Sánchez ,&nbsp;Jacek Rubik ,&nbsp;David Canalejo-Gonzalez ,&nbsp;Florence Lacaille ,&nbsp;Chiara Bergamo ,&nbsp;Vitor Hugo-Martin ,&nbsp;Elisa Benetti ,&nbsp;Alba Bermúdez ,&nbsp;Marta Gonzalez-Vicent ,&nbsp;Teresa Costa ,&nbsp;Paula Sevilla ,&nbsp;Silvia Simó-Nebot ,&nbsp;David Bueno ,&nbsp;Esther Ramos-Boluda ,&nbsp;Serena Vigezzi ,&nbsp;Antonio Pérez-Martinez ,&nbsp;Ana Méndez-Echevarría","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>As the number of transplants and survival rates increase, concerns regarding the mental health of transplanted children and their correlated factors are growing.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To assess the emotional, behavioral, and physical functioning of children who underwent various types of transplants, exploring its association with pet ownership.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Pediatric transplant centers were contacted through the European Network <em>“TransplantChild”</em>. Primary caregivers were invited to complete an online survey including demographic information and the <em>Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire</em> (SDQ).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 418 participants from nine European centers were included. The mean age of the children was 11.09 ± 4.17 years. Of these, 84% had undergone solid-organ transplantation and 16% had undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; 43% of the children lived with dogs and/or cats. High rates of abnormal scores were observed across all the SDQ subscales, with peer problems being the most prevalent (29.8%). Solid-organ transplant recipients exhibited higher conduct-problem scores (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Older children had significantly higher scores on emotional and peer problems (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Pet ownership was associated with higher prosocial behavior scores (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), even after adjusting for clinical severity. No statistically significant interaction effect was found between transplant type and pet ownership in any SDQ domain. Moreover, among patients aged &gt;12 years, pet ownership was linked to fewer peer-relationship problems (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Transplanted children are at increased risk of emotional and behavioral difficulties. Pet ownership was associated with higher prosocial behavior and fewer peer problems in adolescents, supporting a potential beneficial role of companion animals in the psychosocial well-being of pediatric transplant recipients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101337"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Livestock aggregated samples for monitoring viruses infecting animals and potentially zoonotic viral pathogens","authors":"Marta Rusiñol ,&nbsp;Sandra Martínez-Puchol ,&nbsp;Diana Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Júlia Verdaguer ,&nbsp;Ona Torrejón-Llorens ,&nbsp;Marta Itarte ,&nbsp;Ignasi Estarlich-Landajo ,&nbsp;Cristina Mejías-Molina ,&nbsp;Gisela Juliachs-Torroella ,&nbsp;Rosina Girones ,&nbsp;Gustavo A. Ramírez ,&nbsp;Jordi Baliellas ,&nbsp;Silvia Bofill-Mas ,&nbsp;Xavier Fernández-Cassi","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Active surveillance of livestock pathogens is essential to prevent animal health losses and zoonotic spillover. This study evaluted aggregated environmental sampling as a non-invasive approach for monitoring swine- and cattle-associated viruses across farms and slaughterhouses, bridging the gap between agricultural biosecurity and public health. Over eleven months, 105 samples, including swine slurry, cattle manure, farm air, and slaughterhouse wastewater, were collected and analyzed using pathogen-specific (RT) qPCR and targeted viral metagenomics.</div><div>Seasonal and sample patterns were evident, with higher detection of rotavirus A (RoV-A) and bovine coronavirus (BCoV) in slurry and wastewater during winter, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) sporadicly in slaughterhouse wastewater. Farm slurry or manure were optimal for enteric viruses such as RoV-A or hepatitis E virus (HEV), and farm air proved valuable for respiratory viruses like BCoV.</div><div>Targeted sequencing identified a broader viral community, revealing up to 80% of total detected viral species in slaughterhouse wastewater alone. Frequent detection of porcine bocavirus, circoviruses and astrovirus, alongside zoonotic viruses such as HEV and porcine bufavirus (PBuV), underscored the environmental transmission risk at the human-animal interface. Sequencing also uncovered viruses of unclear pathogenicity, including kobuvirus and copiparvovirus, underscoring the complexity of the livestock virome and the potential for emerging viral threats. Slaughterhouse wastewater consistently captured the highest viral richness, integrating inputs from multiple farms and regions, while farm air samples yielded lower diversity but detected respiratory (astrovirus, caliciviruses) and persistent viruses (papillomaviruses, polyomaviruses). Aggregated sampling proved particularly efficient in swine systems, while cattle surveillance may require adapted strategies due to lower stocking densities and greater ventilation.</div><div>This work demonstrates the novelty and value of aggregated environmental samples, collected at different points in the production chain, as strategic One Health sentinels. This scalable, practical approach supports early warning and control of animal and zoonotic diseases, directly contributing to One Health surveillance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101340"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of meteorological factors on severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: Evidence from 34 Chinese cities","authors":"Guangju Mo ,&nbsp;Xiyuan Huo ,&nbsp;Meshack Kipkogei Biwott ,&nbsp;Nan Chang ,&nbsp;Haoqiang Ji ,&nbsp;Lianfang Feng ,&nbsp;Huaiping Zhu ,&nbsp;Qiyong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a climate-sensitive infectious disease, and its spatial distribution has been expanding in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the influence of meteorological factors on SFTS incidence.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data on SFTS was extracted from the Infectious Disease Surveillance Report Management System from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2023. A two-stage hierarchical analytical framework was employed in this study. First, a distributed lag nonlinear model was utilized to characterize the nonlinear exposure-response relationships between meteorological factors and the incidence of SFTS at the municipal level. Second, a multivariate meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize city-specific effect estimates, with explicit adjustment for inter-regional heterogeneity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 2011 to 2023, 34 cities with cumulative cases ≥100 were included in the final analysis, which accounted for 94.59 % of the total SFTS cases during the same period in mainland China. The incidence risk of SFTS was positively correlated with temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, normalized difference vegetation index, and land cover, but negatively correlated with atmospheric pressure. The exposure-response relationship between average temperature and SFTS risk exhibited a single peak at 24.70 °C (<em>RR</em> = 2.78, 95 % <em>CI</em>: 1.14–6.79). Stratified analysis revealed the highest temperature-related risk in Eastern China at 27.50 °C (<em>RR</em> = 9.85, 95 % <em>CI</em>: 1.87–51.76), which was significantly elevated compared to central and northeastern regions. Regional variability was also observed for precipitation: the overall minimum risk occurred at 15.30 mm (<em>RR</em> = 0.49, <em>95 % CI</em>: 0.24–0.98), whereas the risk nadir in Eastern China was at 16.02 mm monthly precipitation (<em>RR</em> = 0.29, <em>95 % CI</em>: 0.10–0.80).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study demonstrates that temperature and precipitation significantly influence SFTS incidence, with effects lagging consistently by 1–2 months. These findings can be integrated into China's Smart Multi-Point Surveillance System by incorporating region-specific meteorological thresholds to trigger early warnings. The system could then activate targeted interventions, such as tick control measures, accounting for the observed 1–2 month lag between climatic conditions and disease occurrence. Such climate-adaptive approaches would enhance the precision and timeliness of SFTS prevention and control efforts nationwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101295"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145788933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation and response to rift valley fever outbreak in ruminant livestock from Ngoma District, eastern province of Rwanda, 2024","authors":"Eugène Niyonzima ,&nbsp;Florien Nkurunziza ,&nbsp;Jean Damascene Ngaboyimana ,&nbsp;Vestine Nyirandahiriwe ,&nbsp;Felicien Mvuyekure ,&nbsp;Fabrice Ndayisenga ,&nbsp;Solange Uwituze ,&nbsp;Denyse Mugwaneza ,&nbsp;Eric Iradukunda ,&nbsp;Vestine Uwitugabiye ,&nbsp;Claire Murekatete ,&nbsp;Anselme Shyaka","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic mosquito-borne disease, causing high livestock morbidity and mortality, with potential human spillover. Rwanda has experienced repeated outbreaks, including significant ones in 2018 and 2022. In August 2024, a smaller localized outbreak was reported in Ngoma District, Eastern Province, providing insights into rapid detection, response, and recovery.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Following confirmation of the index case by RT-PCR, 4062 blood samples were collected through active community and slaughterhouse surveillance. Epidemiological and demographic data were analyzed, and supportive treatment was provided to confirmed cases. A One Health response was implemented, including livestock vaccination, vector control, and coordinated surveillance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among sampled animals, 28 (0.69%) tested positive: 14 cattle, 9 goats, and 5 sheep. Sheep showed the highest infection rate (5.4%). Three animals died, yielding a case fatality rate of 10.7%, while 25 recovered after treatment. Positive cases clustered in six sectors near marshlands and the Akagera River. A total of 112,110 animals were vaccinated. No human cases were reported, and the outbreak was contained within 51 days.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Rapid detection, targeted treatment, and mass vaccination, implemented through a multisectoral One Health response, successfully contained the outbreak and prevented human spillover. Sustained surveillance and cross-border coordination remain essential to mitigate future RVF threats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101332"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of Avian Influenza Virus detection from active surveillance in wild birds: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Marie-Cécile Dupas ,&nbsp;Alessandra Falcucci ,&nbsp;Claudia Pittiglio ,&nbsp;Xavier Roche ,&nbsp;Giuseppina Cinardi ,&nbsp;Amy Delgado ,&nbsp;Ismaila Seck ,&nbsp;Madhur Dhingra ,&nbsp;Marius Gilbert","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We summarised active surveillance data to identify patterns and ecological factors correlated with AIV detection in wild birds, through a systematic review and meta-analysis. We screened 2851 articles from the PubMed and Scopus databases, out of which 197 met our eligibility criteria and were selected for further analysis. The dataset encompassed 367 wild bird species from 72 avian families. The pooled prevalence of sampled birds was 4.80% (95% CI: [3.91–5.77%]) across 900,469 samples collected during the period 1971–2023, with substantial heterogeneity (<span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>I</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>99</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>7</mn><mtext>%</mtext></mrow></math></span>) across studies. Among continents, Central America displayed the highest prevalence at 9.89% (95% CI: [2.25–21.99%]), albeit based on relatively few samples (n=4205). In temperate regions, prevalence peaked in autumn, at 5.82% (95% CI: [3.84–8.15%]), while in tropical regions, prevalence was notably higher during the dry season (2.33%, 95% CI: [0.38–5.54%]) than during the wet season (0.22%, 95% CI: [0.00–0.90%]). Prevalence varied significantly across avian families, with Anatidae, the most extensively sampled family, exhibiting a prevalence of 6.19% (95% CI: [5.10–7.37%]). Migratory species and those associated with freshwater habitats also exhibited higher AIV detection. Moreover, meta-regression analyses revealed that seasonal patterns of AIV detection differed across regions. Despite this, high heterogeneity across studies remained, likely driven by differences in surveillance intensity, diagnostic methods, and unmeasured ecological factors. This meta-analysis highlights key spatial, taxonomic, and temporal patterns in AIV prevalence among sampled birds. The findings underscore the need for harmonised, representative surveillance to better anticipate emerging avian influenza risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101338"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic epidemiology and phylogeographic reconstruction of West Nile virus 2 in Italy from 2011 to 2023","authors":"Carla della Ventura ,&nbsp;Maya Carrera ,&nbsp;Francesco Defilippo ,&nbsp;Davide Lelli ,&nbsp;Chiara Nogarol ,&nbsp;Maria Lucia Mandola ,&nbsp;Alessia Lai ,&nbsp;Annalisa Bergna ,&nbsp;Francesca Moroni ,&nbsp;Ana Moreno ,&nbsp;Gianguglielmo Zehender","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since its introduction to Europe in 2004, West Nile Virus Lineage 2 (WNV-2) has become endemic, with Italy reporting the highest number of cases each season. In 2022, WNV infections in Italy exceeded those recorded during the major 2018 outbreak—the largest ever reported in Europe. This study investigates the genomic epidemiology of WNV during the 2022 and 2023 transmission seasons.</div><div>We analyzed 123 environmental samples from wild birds and mosquito pools collected between May and October 2022–2023 in northwestern Italy. All but one sample belonged to Lineage 2; lineage 1 was detected in two bird samples, with one showing co-infection. A total of 98 complete genomes were sequenced.</div><div>Phylogeographic reconstruction indicated the origin of the main European clade in Hungary in 2004, with introduction into Italy between 2009 and 2010. Most Italian genomes clustered within a single highly supported subclade, with one sampled in the Marche region in 2011 as the outgroup. Continuous phylogeographic analysis suggested the Italian WNV-2 clade originated in 2009 in the area between Emilia-Romagna and Lombardy, followed by east-west spread during 2022–2023.</div><div>Several mutations were identified, including F49L in the NS2A gene linked to neuronal tropism, and M184V in the NS4B gene, associated with increased pathogenicity.</div><div>Our results highlight how integrated genomic surveillance of WNV, combining whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses to environmental samples, can support One Health approaches for early detection and risk assessment of arboviral transmission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101310"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro efficacy of antibiotics and bacteriophages against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from clinically affected captive falcons in Dubai, United Arab Emirates","authors":"C. Hebel ,&nbsp;T. Bailey ,&nbsp;E.M. Kalbhenn ,&nbsp;G.K. Paterson ,&nbsp;U. Wernery","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global threat to human and animal health. This requires extensive research in order to understand the implications on health, pathogenicity and diseases in various species.</div><div>Falcons play a crucial role in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) as part of the Arab cultural heritage. In falcons, AMR research is essential for the benefit of veterinary medicine, public health and the environment. The primary objective of this study was to assess the <em>in vitro</em> efficacy of antibiotics against <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> isolates from clinically affected captive falcons in Dubai, UAE and investigate the possibility of using bacteriophages as an alternative treatment option. To achieve this, <em>P. aeruginosa</em> isolates were tested by antibiogram and phagogram. The results provide valuable information on effectiveness and possible treatment options. Furthermore, demonstrating a high resistance of <em>P. aeruginosa</em> in falcons in veterinary-only drugs including enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin, while antibiotics are listed on the WHO AWaRe (access, watch, reserve) monitoring list such as ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and piperacillin/tazobactam show good sensitivity.</div><div>Bacteriophages, as natural viruses that lyse bacteria, have gained attention as an alternative therapeutic tool to combat bacterial infections, particularly those caused by antibiotic resistant strains. The <em>in vitro</em> efficacy shows that commercially available bacteriophage preparations for therapeutic use might provide an alternative to antibiotics in falcons. Nevertheless, the <em>in vivo</em> efficacy might differ from the <em>in vitro</em> results, and regulatory difficulties currently restrict therapeutic use.</div><div>From a One Health perspective, this study explores AMR in falcons asf potential sentinel for AMR due to their close contact with humans, frequent antimicrobial exposure, and shared environment. It also shows possibilities to approach AMR by innovative strategies such as bacteriophage therapy. It also shows the need for effective surveillance, responsible antimicrobial use <em>via</em> antibiotic stewardship and control not only in human, but also in veterinary medicine. Emphasising the connectivity between human, animal and environment health is of importance under the One Health approach and is essential to combat AMR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101316"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate and mammal host community characteristics drive tuberculosis maintenance at the wildlife livestock interface","authors":"Alberto Perelló ,&nbsp;José Sánchez-Cesteros ,&nbsp;Patricia Barroso ,&nbsp;David Relimpio ,&nbsp;Víctor Lizana ,&nbsp;Ana Balseiro ,&nbsp;Christian Gortázar ,&nbsp;Nuno Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Animal tuberculosis (TB) is a zoonosis maintained by various domestic and wild mammals in complex episystems. Higher competent host species richness at the community level promotes infection maintenance. Consequently, it has been proposed to go beyond the classic one- or two-host systems, where only certain species were considered maintenance hosts, to address “maintenance communities” of multiple hosts with different levels of contribution to infection maintenance. A further factor in TB epidemiology is the environment. In the Iberian Peninsula, water availability has a strong influence on TB in wildlife and livestock. However, the relative importance of any single host species, the richness and network of interactions in each community, or the environment in driving infection maintenance is unknown. We addressed this complexity using structural equation modelling (SEM), a framework to analyze complex relationships between multiple variables. We analyzed 18 multi-host communities and assessed the effects of climate (humidity), mammal diversity, and host (cattle, wild boar, and red deer) abundance and connectedness on TB prevalence in wild boar and cattle. Red deer abundance and connectedness and wild boar connectedness were positively correlated with TB prevalence in wild boar. Humidity was negatively correlated with TB prevalence in wild boar and cattle. Red deer connectedness and the diversity of the mammal community were positively correlated with TB prevalence in cattle, while wild boar abundance was negatively correlated. Through SEM, we integrated host abundance with community network parameters, mammal diversity, and climate to reveal the drivers of TB maintenance in multi-host systems. Climate effects were stronger on cattle TB than on wild boar TB and these effects were superimposed to other risk factors such as red deer abundance and host community structure. Our findings suggest that TB eradication in cattle could be particularly challenging in regions with high competent host species richness and arid climate, with implications for livestock health, economic sustainability of cattle farms, and reduction of zoonotic risk in rural areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101334"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling land use-induced foraging distributions of flying foxes and emerging spillover risks","authors":"Erin Stafford ,&nbsp;Åke Brännström ,&nbsp;Kyrre Kausrud ,&nbsp;Henrik Sjödin","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite their critical role as reservoir hosts for many zoonotic diseases, the impact of land-use and land-cover changes (LCLUC) on flying foxes' interactions with humans remains unclear, posing a potential public health risk. To address this, we apply optimal foraging theory and individual-based modelling to simulate flying-fox movement and population dynamics under various LCLUC scenarios. After validating our model against available data, we analyze the effects of agriculturalization, urbanization, forest fragmentation, and reforestation on flying-fox densities across synthetic landscapes of urban, forest, orchard, and water-body habitats. Our findings indicate that habitat disruption—particularly fragmentation through urbanization—significantly increases the risk of zoonotic spillover events by increasing contacts between species. Scenarios of forest degradation reveal that ecologically degraded forest environments can further exacerbate this risk. Additionally, we find that reforestation can alleviate spillover risk. These results underscore the importance of conservation and habitat restoration as critical strategies for mitigating zoonotic disease transmission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101333"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}