Pub Date : 2024-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100957
Warren A. Kaplan , Davidson H. Hamer , Kayoko Shioda
Notwithstanding the obvious interconnection between humans and the world that they share with non-human inhabitants, the impact of our changing climate on certain aspects of the public health ecosystem has been under-investigated. We briefly describe some of the possible climate-induced changes in the procurement, distribution, access and use of medications, including those for animals generally and livestock specifically. A fuller understanding of the effect of climate change on medicine supply, access, use and quality, including how these affect antimicrobial resistance, would contribute to the further development of the “One Health” and “One Health Systems” concepts. We suggest that this understanding is not yet available, even though the changing incidence of infectious diseases due to changing climate has been studied. There is a need for improved understanding of the impact of extremes of humidity and heat on medication quality and research into heat-stable medicines as well as strategies for the improving resilience of the pharmaceutical supply and distribution system in complex public health emergencies caused by aberrant weather patterns.
{"title":"The potential impact of climate change on medication access and quality deserves far more attention","authors":"Warren A. Kaplan , Davidson H. Hamer , Kayoko Shioda","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Notwithstanding the obvious interconnection between humans and the world that they share with non-human inhabitants, the impact of our changing climate on certain aspects of the public health ecosystem has been under-investigated. We briefly describe some of the possible climate-induced changes in the procurement, distribution, access and use of medications, including those for animals generally and livestock specifically. A fuller understanding of the effect of climate change on medicine supply, access, use and quality, including how these affect antimicrobial resistance, would contribute to the further development of the “One Health” and “One Health Systems” concepts. We suggest that this understanding is not yet available, even though the changing incidence of infectious diseases due to changing climate has been studied. There is a need for improved understanding of the impact of extremes of humidity and heat on medication quality and research into heat-stable medicines as well as strategies for the improving resilience of the pharmaceutical supply and distribution system in complex public health emergencies caused by aberrant weather patterns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100957"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11728062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142979393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100951
Gary Lin , Suprena Poleon , Alisa Hamilton , Nalini Salvekar , Manuel Jara , Fardad Haghpanah , Cristina Lanzas , Ashley Hazel , Seth Blumberg , Suzanne Lenhart , Alun L. Lloyd , Anil Vullikanti , Eili Klein , For the CDC MInD Healthcare Network
Healthcare-associated infections (HAI), particularly those involving multi-drug resistant organisms (MDRO), pose a significant public health threat. Understanding the transmission of these pathogens in short-term acute care hospitals (STACH) is crucial for effective control. Mathematical and computational models play a key role in studying transmission but often overlook the influence of long-term care facilities (LTCFs) and the broader community on transmission. In a systematic scoping review of 4,733 unique studies from 2016 to 2022, we explored the modeling landscape of the hospital-community interface in HAI-causing pathogen transmission. Among the 29 eligible studies, 28 % (n = 8) exclusively modeled LTCFs, 45 % (n = 13) focused on non-healthcare-related community settings, and 31 % (n = 9) considered both settings. Studies emphasizing screening and contact precautions were more likely to include LTCFs but tended to neglect the wider community. This review emphasizes the crucial need for comprehensive modeling that incorporates the community's impact on both clinical and public health outcomes.
{"title":"The contribution of community transmission to the burden of hospital-associated pathogens: A systematic scoping review of epidemiological models","authors":"Gary Lin , Suprena Poleon , Alisa Hamilton , Nalini Salvekar , Manuel Jara , Fardad Haghpanah , Cristina Lanzas , Ashley Hazel , Seth Blumberg , Suzanne Lenhart , Alun L. Lloyd , Anil Vullikanti , Eili Klein , For the CDC MInD Healthcare Network","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Healthcare-associated infections (HAI), particularly those involving multi-drug resistant organisms (MDRO), pose a significant public health threat. Understanding the transmission of these pathogens in short-term acute care hospitals (STACH) is crucial for effective control. Mathematical and computational models play a key role in studying transmission but often overlook the influence of long-term care facilities (LTCFs) and the broader community on transmission. In a systematic scoping review of 4,733 unique studies from 2016 to 2022, we explored the modeling landscape of the hospital-community interface in HAI-causing pathogen transmission. Among the 29 eligible studies, 28 % (<em>n = 8</em>) exclusively modeled LTCFs, 45 % (<em>n = 13</em>) focused on non-healthcare-related community settings, and 31 % (<em>n = 9</em>) considered both settings. Studies emphasizing screening and contact precautions were more likely to include LTCFs but tended to neglect the wider community. This review emphasizes the crucial need for comprehensive modeling that incorporates the community's impact on both clinical and public health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100951"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11733049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143009247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100952
Francis Sena Nuvey , Günther Fink , Jan Hattendorf , Daniel T. Haydon , Gilbert Fokou , Kennedy Kwasi Addo , Jakob Zinsstag , Clemence Esse-Dibby , Bassirou Bonfoh
Infectious animal diseases represent a major constraint to livestock productivity, food security and wellbeing in many developing countries. To mitigate these impacts, farmers frequently use antimicrobials without professional advice, potentially yielding drug residues in livestock products and the food chain, as well as resistant antimicrobial genes. Recent studies identified Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) and Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) as the diseases most negatively affecting ruminant livestock productivity and farmers’ wellbeing in Ghana. Despite the approval and availability of effective CBPP and PPR vaccines in Ghana, acceptability, affordability, accessibility, and availability of vaccination limit their uptake, with only 15% of farmers regularly vaccinating their herds. During formative qualitative research to identify barriers and potential intervention options, farmers suggested that establishing localized farmer intervention platforms could improve vaccine access. The main idea is the platforms enabling information exchange on livestock vaccines, enhancing service scheduling, and sharing vaccination costs among farmers living in the same locality. We now wish to test formally this hypothesis.
Through a cluster-randomized controlled trial, we aim to determine the effect of localized farmer platforms on animal vaccination uptake (primary outcome), antimicrobials use in livestock production, disease-induced mortality in livestock, and livestock farmers’ wellbeing (secondary outcomes). The intervention will be randomized at the community level. The study will involve 460 farming households across 46 rural communities (study clusters). Clusters will be randomized with equal probability to treatment and control (23 communities each). Approximately 10 households per community will be sampled for data collection at baseline, and at 6 and 12 months post-intervention, following prevailing vaccination schedules. We will conduct an intention-to-treat analysis using the available case population. The findings will inform strategies to tackle the impact of infectious livestock diseases on food security, public health and farmers’ wellbeing.
Trial registry: https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/; ID No.: PACTR202405854213937.
{"title":"Effects of community action on animal vaccination uptake, antimicrobial usage, and farmers’ wellbeing in Ghana: study protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled trial","authors":"Francis Sena Nuvey , Günther Fink , Jan Hattendorf , Daniel T. Haydon , Gilbert Fokou , Kennedy Kwasi Addo , Jakob Zinsstag , Clemence Esse-Dibby , Bassirou Bonfoh","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infectious animal diseases represent a major constraint to livestock productivity, food security and wellbeing in many developing countries. To mitigate these impacts, farmers frequently use antimicrobials without professional advice, potentially yielding drug residues in livestock products and the food chain, as well as resistant antimicrobial genes. Recent studies identified Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) and Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) as the diseases most negatively affecting ruminant livestock productivity and farmers’ wellbeing in Ghana. Despite the approval and availability of effective CBPP and PPR vaccines in Ghana, acceptability, affordability, accessibility, and availability of vaccination limit their uptake, with only 15% of farmers regularly vaccinating their herds. During formative qualitative research to identify barriers and potential intervention options, farmers suggested that establishing localized farmer intervention platforms could improve vaccine access. The main idea is the platforms enabling information exchange on livestock vaccines, enhancing service scheduling, and sharing vaccination costs among farmers living in the same locality. We now wish to test formally this hypothesis.</div><div>Through a cluster-randomized controlled trial, we aim to determine the effect of localized farmer platforms on animal vaccination uptake (primary outcome), antimicrobials use in livestock production, disease-induced mortality in livestock, and livestock farmers’ wellbeing (secondary outcomes). The intervention will be randomized at the community level. The study will involve 460 farming households across 46 rural communities (study clusters). Clusters will be randomized with equal probability to treatment and control (23 communities each). Approximately 10 households per community will be sampled for data collection at baseline, and at 6 and 12 months post-intervention, following prevailing vaccination schedules. We will conduct an intention-to-treat analysis using the available case population. The findings will inform strategies to tackle the impact of infectious livestock diseases on food security, public health and farmers’ wellbeing.</div><div><strong>Trial registry</strong>: <span><span>https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/;</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> ID No.: PACTR202405854213937.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100952"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11732147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100950
Miriam Ruhinda , Kang Xia , Cassidy Rist , Gerald Shija , Issa N. Lyimo , Felician Meza , Carlyle Brewster , Carlos Chaccour , N. Regina Rabinovich , Roger Schürch
When ingested as part of a blood meal, the antiparasitic drug ivermectin kills mosquitoes, making it a candidate for mass drug administration (MDA) in humans and livestock to reduce malaria transmission. When administered to livestock, most ivermectin is excreted unmetabolized in the dung within 5 days post administration. Presence of ivermectin, has been shown to adversely affect dung colonizers and dung degradation in temperate settings; however, those findings may not apply to, tropical environment, where ivermectin MDA against malaria would occur. Here we report results of a randomized field experiment conducted with dung from ivermectin-treated and control cattle to determine the effect of ivermectin on dung degradation in tropical Tanzania. For intact pats, we measured termite colonization, larval numbers and pat wet and dry weights. Pat organic matter was interpolated from a subsample of the pat (10 g wet weight). Additionally, we counted larvae growing in the treated and untreated pats in a semi-field setting. We found that termites colonized ivermectin pats more readily than controls. Despite this, wet weight decreased significantly slower in the ivermectin-treated pats in the first two weeks. As water was lost, sub-sample dry weight increased, and organic matter decreased similarly over time for the treatment and control. Interpolated for whole pats, total organic matter was higher, and larval counts were lower in the ivermectin-treated pats after the first month. Our results demonstrate an effect of ivermectin and its metabolites on dung degradation and fauna in a tropical savanna setting. Because slow dung degradation and low insect abundance negatively impact pastureland, these non-target, environmental effects must be further investigated within the context of real-world implementation of ivermectin MDA in cattle and weighed against the potential benefits for malaria control.
{"title":"Treatment of cattle with ivermectin and its effect on dung degradation and larval abundance in a tropical savanna setting","authors":"Miriam Ruhinda , Kang Xia , Cassidy Rist , Gerald Shija , Issa N. Lyimo , Felician Meza , Carlyle Brewster , Carlos Chaccour , N. Regina Rabinovich , Roger Schürch","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When ingested as part of a blood meal, the antiparasitic drug ivermectin kills mosquitoes, making it a candidate for mass drug administration (MDA) in humans and livestock to reduce malaria transmission. When administered to livestock, most ivermectin is excreted unmetabolized in the dung within 5 days post administration. Presence of ivermectin, has been shown to adversely affect dung colonizers and dung degradation in temperate settings; however, those findings may not apply to, tropical environment, where ivermectin MDA against malaria would occur. Here we report results of a randomized field experiment conducted with dung from ivermectin-treated and control cattle to determine the effect of ivermectin on dung degradation in tropical Tanzania. For intact pats, we measured termite colonization, larval numbers and pat wet and dry weights. Pat organic matter was interpolated from a subsample of the pat (10 g wet weight). Additionally, we counted larvae growing in the treated and untreated pats in a semi-field setting. We found that termites colonized ivermectin pats more readily than controls. Despite this, wet weight decreased significantly slower in the ivermectin-treated pats in the first two weeks. As water was lost, sub-sample dry weight increased, and organic matter decreased similarly over time for the treatment and control. Interpolated for whole pats, total organic matter was higher, and larval counts were lower in the ivermectin-treated pats after the first month. Our results demonstrate an effect of ivermectin and its metabolites on dung degradation and fauna in a tropical savanna setting. Because slow dung degradation and low insect abundance negatively impact pastureland, these non-target, environmental effects must be further investigated within the context of real-world implementation of ivermectin MDA in cattle and weighed against the potential benefits for malaria control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100950"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11699432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100946
Jarnail Singh Thakur , Anjali Rana , Rajbir Kaur , Ronika Paika , Srikanth Konreddy , Mary Wiktorowicz
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents one of the biggest threats to health globally. The rise of AMR has been largely attributed to the misuse and abuse of antimicrobials in veterinary, human, and agricultural medicine. This study aimed to assess human, livestock, and agricultural health profiles, and practices of One Health and antibiotic use through a situational analysis of an Indigenous village Gurah, in a rural area of Mohali district in Punjab state using a demographic and facility survey. A survey questionnaire was used to collect information on the village's socio-demographic, human, livestock, and agricultural profiles. The study included 77 households from the village Gurah, with the majority i.e., 71.4 % engaged in agricultural activity and 68.8 % with livestock. Survey results showed that self-reported adherence to any medicine prescribed by doctors was high (92.3 %) and self-medication reported by the respondents was 11 %. Forty-two percent of antibiotic consumption was verified from prescription. The major crops grown in the village were exposed to pesticides, and most dairy and non-dairy products were sold in markets, with consumers unaware of any pesticide or antibiotic exposure. Additionally, villagers were unaware of disease diagnosis and the medicines their livestock consumed. Findings from veterinarians revealed that around 50 % of the livestock was given antibiotics for treatment for mastitis. In our study, 67.9 % of the green fodder for animals was homegrown and pesticide use was reported. The study reported that 81.1 % of the animal feed additives were purchased from the market and farmers might be unaware whether commercially-purchased feed contains antibiotics. The results provide a picture of the current situation and guide further research for the containment of AMR under the One Health approach. Inadequate multi-sectoral and cross-disciplinary efforts to combating AMR in current practice call for prompt coordinated action integral to a “One Health approach.”
抗菌素耐药性（AMR）是全球健康面临的最大威胁之一。抗菌素耐药性的上升在很大程度上归因于兽医、人类和农业医学中抗菌素的误用和滥用。本研究旨在通过对旁遮普邦莫哈里地区农村地区的一个土著村庄 Gurah 进行情况分析，评估人类、牲畜和农业的健康状况，以及 "同一健康 "和抗生素使用的做法，并为此开展人口和设施调查。调查问卷用于收集该村的社会人口、人口、牲畜和农业概况。研究对象包括古拉村的 77 户家庭，其中大多数（71.4%）从事农业活动，68.8%饲养牲畜。调查结果显示，受访者自称遵医嘱用药的比例很高（92.3%），自称用药的比例为 11%。42%的抗生素消费是根据处方核实的。村里种植的主要农作物都接触过杀虫剂，大多数奶制品和非奶制品都在市场上出售，消费者并不知道是否接触过杀虫剂或抗生素。此外，村民对疾病诊断和牲畜用药也一无所知。兽医的调查结果显示，约 50% 的牲畜因乳腺炎而服用抗生素。在我们的研究中，67.9% 的牲畜青饲料是自产的，并报告了杀虫剂的使用情况。研究报告显示，81.1% 的动物饲料添加剂是从市场上购买的，而农民可能并不清楚从市场上购买的饲料是否含有抗生素。研究结果反映了当前的情况，并为在 "一个健康 "方法下进一步研究如何控制 AMR 提供了指导。在当前的实践中，多部门和跨学科打击 AMR 的努力并不充分，因此需要迅速采取协调行动，这也是 "一体健康方法 "的组成部分。
{"title":"Situational analysis of human and agricultural health practice: One Health and antibiotic use in an indigenous village in rural Punjab, India","authors":"Jarnail Singh Thakur , Anjali Rana , Rajbir Kaur , Ronika Paika , Srikanth Konreddy , Mary Wiktorowicz","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents one of the biggest threats to health globally. The rise of AMR has been largely attributed to the misuse and abuse of antimicrobials in veterinary, human, and agricultural medicine. This study aimed to assess human, livestock, and agricultural health profiles, and practices of One Health and antibiotic use through a situational analysis of an Indigenous village Gurah, in a rural area of Mohali district in Punjab state using a demographic and facility survey. A survey questionnaire was used to collect information on the village's socio-demographic, human, livestock, and agricultural profiles. The study included 77 households from the village Gurah, with the majority i.e., 71.4 % engaged in agricultural activity and 68.8 % with livestock. Survey results showed that self-reported adherence to any medicine prescribed by doctors was high (92.3 %) and self-medication reported by the respondents was 11 %. Forty-two percent of antibiotic consumption was verified from prescription. The major crops grown in the village were exposed to pesticides, and most dairy and non-dairy products were sold in markets, with consumers unaware of any pesticide or antibiotic exposure. Additionally, villagers were unaware of disease diagnosis and the medicines their livestock consumed. Findings from veterinarians revealed that around 50 % of the livestock was given antibiotics for treatment for mastitis. In our study, 67.9 % of the green fodder for animals was homegrown and pesticide use was reported. The study reported that 81.1 % of the animal feed additives were purchased from the market and farmers might be unaware whether commercially-purchased feed contains antibiotics. The results provide a picture of the current situation and guide further research for the containment of AMR under the One Health approach. Inadequate multi-sectoral and cross-disciplinary efforts to combating AMR in current practice call for prompt coordinated action integral to a “One Health approach.”</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100946"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11730266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100949
Yannick Ngnindji-Youdje , Michel Lontsi-Demano , Adama Zan Diarra , Juluis Foyet , Timolèon Tchuinkam , Philippe Parola
Despite the high burden of human and animal infectious diseases in Cameroon, implementing integrative approaches to managing and controlling arthropods and their pathogens remains challenging. Surveillance should be designed to detect diseases and provide relevant field-based data for developing and implementing effective control measures to prevent outbreaks before significant public and animal health consequences can occur. Nowadays, ticks are considered the primary vectors of animal diseases in the world, and the second vector of human diseases after mosquitoes. Knowledge of their biodiversity and distribution in any given area is a crucial step towards a better implementation of control strategies. The infections transmitted by ticks remain poorly known or underestimated in Cameroon. Despite the existence of several studies on ticks and associated pathogens, no single review to date summarises all the data available in this field in Cameroon. Following a comprehensive literature search, an inventory of the diversity and distribution of ticks, as well as the different tick-borne diseases (viral, bacteria and protozoa) found in Cameroon was prepared. To date, about 71 species, comprising ten Amblyomma species., eight Hyalomma spp., 26 Rhipicephalus spp., 11 Haemaphysalis spp., seven Ixodes spp., five Aponomma spp. (currently the Bothriocroton species), one Dermacentor, and four soft tick species of minimal or unknown medical and veterinary importance, namely Argas persicus, A. arboreus, Carios vespertilionis, and Ogadenus brumpti have been collected in Cameroon. Many zoonotic tick-borne diseases, such as babesiosis, theileriosis, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, rickettsioses, and Q fever have been reported in the country. Knowledge about tick species and their distribution will aid in designing integrated vector management programs to monitor tick-borne diseases in Cameroon.
{"title":"Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases in Cameroon: Current understanding and future directions for more comprehensive surveillance","authors":"Yannick Ngnindji-Youdje , Michel Lontsi-Demano , Adama Zan Diarra , Juluis Foyet , Timolèon Tchuinkam , Philippe Parola","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the high burden of human and animal infectious diseases in Cameroon, implementing integrative approaches to managing and controlling arthropods and their pathogens remains challenging. Surveillance should be designed to detect diseases and provide relevant field-based data for developing and implementing effective control measures to prevent outbreaks before significant public and animal health consequences can occur. Nowadays, ticks are considered the primary vectors of animal diseases in the world, and the second vector of human diseases after mosquitoes. Knowledge of their biodiversity and distribution in any given area is a crucial step towards a better implementation of control strategies. The infections transmitted by ticks remain poorly known or underestimated in Cameroon. Despite the existence of several studies on ticks and associated pathogens, no single review to date summarises all the data available in this field in Cameroon. Following a comprehensive literature search, an inventory of the diversity and distribution of ticks, as well as the different tick-borne diseases (viral, bacteria and protozoa) found in Cameroon was prepared. To date, about 71 species, comprising ten <em>Amblyomma</em> species., eight <em>Hyalomma</em> spp., 26 <em>Rhipicephalus</em> spp., 11 <em>Haemaphysalis</em> spp.<em>,</em> seven <em>Ixodes</em> spp.<em>,</em> five <em>Aponomma</em> spp. (currently the <em>Bothriocroton</em> species), one <em>Dermacentor,</em> and four soft tick species of minimal or unknown medical and veterinary importance, namely <em>Argas persicus, A. arboreus, Carios vespertilionis,</em> and <em>Ogadenus brumpti</em> have been collected in Cameroon. Many zoonotic tick-borne diseases, such as babesiosis, theileriosis, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, rickettsioses, and Q fever have been reported in the country. Knowledge about tick species and their distribution will aid in designing integrated vector management programs to monitor tick-borne diseases in Cameroon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100949"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11733189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143009198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100936
Wenying Zhang, Qian Lu
Farm biosecurity is considered an important component of “One Health”. Biosecurity measures are crucial for preventing and controlling outbreaks and spread of diseases on farms. Protection motivation theory (PMT) links perception of risk and coping ability with taking preventive actions. Based on field survey data of pig farmers, this study utilizes OLS and mediating effect model to explore the impact and mechanism of epidemic experiences on farmers' implementation of biosecurity measures. The research findings are as follows: first, epidemic experiences significantly promote farmers' implementation of biosecurity measures. The conclusion remains robust after addressing potential endogeneity issues. Second, epidemic experiences, through accumulated experience, further encourage farmers to implement biosecurity measures. Third, the impact of epidemic experiences on farmers' biosecurity behavior shows heterogeneity in farm size. Compared to small-scale farmers, epidemic experiences have a greater promoting effect on biosecurity behavior of professional farmers. Therefore, emphasizing farmers' epidemic experiences, enhancing biosecurity training, and increasing farmers' awareness are of significant importance in promoting farmers' implementation of biosecurity measures.
{"title":"The impact of epidemic experiences on biosecurity behavior of pig farmers: an analysis based on protection motivation theory","authors":"Wenying Zhang, Qian Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Farm biosecurity is considered an important component of “One Health”. Biosecurity measures are crucial for preventing and controlling outbreaks and spread of diseases on farms. Protection motivation theory (PMT) links perception of risk and coping ability with taking preventive actions. Based on field survey data of pig farmers, this study utilizes OLS and mediating effect model to explore the impact and mechanism of epidemic experiences on farmers' implementation of biosecurity measures. The research findings are as follows: first, epidemic experiences significantly promote farmers' implementation of biosecurity measures. The conclusion remains robust after addressing potential endogeneity issues. Second, epidemic experiences, through accumulated experience, further encourage farmers to implement biosecurity measures. Third, the impact of epidemic experiences on farmers' biosecurity behavior shows heterogeneity in farm size. Compared to small-scale farmers, epidemic experiences have a greater promoting effect on biosecurity behavior of professional farmers. Therefore, emphasizing farmers' epidemic experiences, enhancing biosecurity training, and increasing farmers' awareness are of significant importance in promoting farmers' implementation of biosecurity measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100936"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100948
Solón Alberto Orlando , Naomi Mora-Jaramillo , Darwin Paredes-Núñez , Angel Sebastian Rodriguez-Pazmiño , Elsy Carvajal , Ariana León Sosa , Ariana Rivera , Jocelyn Calderon , David Guizado Herrera , Fabrizio Arcos , Leila Estefanía Vera Loor , Emma Viviana Pérez Oyarvide , Dennis Ignacio Quimí López , Betti Guailla Ríos , Bertha Benavides Yánez , Pablo Torres-Lasso , Patricia Zambrano Gavilanes , Mirna C. Oviedo , Manuel González , Fabiola Jiménez-Valenzuela , Miguel Angel Garcia-Bereguiain
Leptospirosis is a neglected zoonotic disease that is endemic in tropical regions, including Ecuador. It is caused by spirochetes of the genus Leptospira, which can infect humans through animal reservoirs such as rats and dogs, or through contact with contaminated water or soil. In March 2023, public health authorities declared a concerning outbreak of leptospirosis in Durán Cantón, located in the Coastal region of Ecuador. For the first time in the country, a multidisciplinary approach involving physicians and veterinarians was implemented for the surveillance and management of this leptospirosis outbreak. A total of 335 samples were collected, including suspected human cases, household contacts, household dogs, synanthropic rats, and water samples within the area of human cases. Samples were processed by qPCR targeting lipL32, secY, and rrs fragment genes and characterized further for Sanger sequencing. Overall, 26.2 % of human samples, 43.8 % of dog samples, 38.5 % of rat samples, and 39.4 % of water samples tested positive for Leptospira. Further, phylogenetic analysis shows that human, dog, and rat sequences are clustered within the pathogenic subclade P1, within the branch of L. kirschneri and L. interrogans. This study is the first of its kind in Ecuador, where an ongoing outbreak of leptospirosis was managed in real-time by using molecular diagnosis and not serological tools, and where the epidemiological surveillance was done following a One Health approach. This experience should inspire public and animal health authorities in Ecuador to promote a national One Health surveillance and control program for zoonotic diseases.
{"title":"Leptospirosis outbreak in Ecuador in 2023: A pilot study for surveillance from a One Health perspective","authors":"Solón Alberto Orlando , Naomi Mora-Jaramillo , Darwin Paredes-Núñez , Angel Sebastian Rodriguez-Pazmiño , Elsy Carvajal , Ariana León Sosa , Ariana Rivera , Jocelyn Calderon , David Guizado Herrera , Fabrizio Arcos , Leila Estefanía Vera Loor , Emma Viviana Pérez Oyarvide , Dennis Ignacio Quimí López , Betti Guailla Ríos , Bertha Benavides Yánez , Pablo Torres-Lasso , Patricia Zambrano Gavilanes , Mirna C. Oviedo , Manuel González , Fabiola Jiménez-Valenzuela , Miguel Angel Garcia-Bereguiain","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leptospirosis is a neglected zoonotic disease that is endemic in tropical regions, including Ecuador. It is caused by spirochetes of the genus <em>Leptospira</em>, which can infect humans through animal reservoirs such as rats and dogs, or through contact with contaminated water or soil. In March 2023, public health authorities declared a concerning outbreak of leptospirosis in Durán Cantón, located in the Coastal region of Ecuador. For the first time in the country, a multidisciplinary approach involving physicians and veterinarians was implemented for the surveillance and management of this leptospirosis outbreak. A total of 335 samples were collected, including suspected human cases, household contacts, household dogs, synanthropic rats, and water samples within the area of human cases. Samples were processed by qPCR targeting <em>lipL32</em>, <em>secY,</em> and <em>rrs</em> fragment genes and characterized further for Sanger sequencing. Overall, 26.2 % of human samples, 43.8 % of dog samples, 38.5 % of rat samples, and 39.4 % of water samples tested positive for <em>Leptospira</em>. Further, phylogenetic analysis shows that human, dog, and rat sequences are clustered within the pathogenic subclade P1, within the branch of L. <em>kirschneri</em> and L. <em>interrogans</em>. This study is the first of its kind in Ecuador, where an ongoing outbreak of leptospirosis was managed in real-time by using molecular diagnosis and not serological tools, and where the epidemiological surveillance was done following a One Health approach. This experience should inspire public and animal health authorities in Ecuador to promote a national One Health surveillance and control program for zoonotic diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100948"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11664413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100944
Pavlo Petakh , Wolfgang Huber , Oleksandr Kamyshnyi
Leptospirosis, a widespread zoonotic disease caused by Leptospira spp., affects approximately 1 million people annually and causes about 58,000 deaths worldwide. This study examines the epidemiology of leptospirosis in Ukraine from 2018 to 2023, focusing on the impact of weather and geographical factors on disease transmission. Data from the Ukrainian Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center, and the State Agency of Water Resources of Ukraine were analyzed. The country was divided into five regions: North, East, Center, South, and West. For the visualization, but not the quantitative analyses, the notification rate (NR) of leptospirosis was classified into three categories: low, moderate, and high.
The highest NR were in Zakarpattia, Ivano-Frankivsk, Khmelnytskyi, Mykolaiv, and Kherson regions, with Zakarpattia having the highest rate. We analyzed whether various weather parameters—such as average annual temperature, precipitation, days with precipitation ≥1 mm, and relative humidity—were associated with the notification rate (NR) of leptospirosis, but no significant correlations were detected.
However, a significant positive correlation was observed between higher density of the river network and NR (Kendall's rank correlation, r = 0.65, p = 0.0005), indicating that geographical factors may play an important role in Leptospira transmission. Additionally, we found a significant correlation between monthly air raid alarm frequency and the NR of leptospirosis cases in 2023. Case reports of individuals contracting leptospirosis in bomb shelters further support the hypothesis that air raid evacuations impact leptospirosis epidemiology. Further investigation is needed to fully understand this relationship and its implications.
钩端螺旋体病是由钩端螺旋体引起的一种广泛存在的人畜共患疾病，在全世界每年影响约100万人，造成约58 000人死亡。本研究考察了2018 - 2023年乌克兰钩端螺旋体病的流行病学，重点研究了天气和地理因素对疾病传播的影响。分析了来自乌克兰疾病预防和控制中心、乌克兰水文气象中心和乌克兰国家水资源局的数据。这个国家被分为五个地区：北部、东部、中部、南部和西部。将钩端螺旋体病通报率（NR）分为低、中、高3个等级进行可视化分析，而非定量分析。Zakarpattia、Ivano-Frankivsk、Khmelnytskyi、Mykolaiv和Kherson地区的NR最高，其中Zakarpattia地区的NR最高。我们分析了各种天气参数（如年平均气温、降水量、降水量≥1mm的天数和相对湿度）是否与钩端螺旋体病的通报率（NR）相关，但未发现显著相关性。但河网密度与NR呈显著正相关（Kendall’s rank correlation, r = 0.65, p = 0.0005），表明地理因素可能在钩端螺旋体传播中起重要作用。此外，我们发现每月空袭警报频率与2023年钩端螺旋体病病例NR显著相关。在防空洞中感染钩端螺旋体病的病例报告进一步支持了空袭疏散影响钩端螺旋体病流行病学的假设。需要进一步的调查来充分了解这种关系及其影响。
{"title":"Geographical factors and air raid alarms influence leptospirosis epidemiology in Ukraine (2018–2023)","authors":"Pavlo Petakh , Wolfgang Huber , Oleksandr Kamyshnyi","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leptospirosis, a widespread zoonotic disease caused by <em>Leptospira</em> spp., affects approximately 1 million people annually and causes about 58,000 deaths worldwide. This study examines the epidemiology of leptospirosis in Ukraine from 2018 to 2023, focusing on the impact of weather and geographical factors on disease transmission. Data from the Ukrainian Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center, and the State Agency of Water Resources of Ukraine were analyzed. The country was divided into five regions: North, East, Center, South, and West. For the visualization, but not the quantitative analyses, the notification rate (NR) of leptospirosis was classified into three categories: low, moderate, and high.</div><div>The highest NR were in Zakarpattia, Ivano-Frankivsk, Khmelnytskyi, Mykolaiv, and Kherson regions, with Zakarpattia having the highest rate. We analyzed whether various weather parameters—such as average annual temperature, precipitation, days with precipitation ≥1 mm, and relative humidity—were associated with the notification rate (NR) of leptospirosis, but no significant correlations were detected.</div><div>However, a significant positive correlation was observed between higher density of the river network and NR (Kendall's rank correlation, <em>r</em> = 0.65, <em>p</em> = 0.0005), indicating that geographical factors may play an important role in <em>Leptospira</em> transmission. Additionally, we found a significant correlation between monthly air raid alarm frequency and the NR of leptospirosis cases in 2023. Case reports of individuals contracting leptospirosis in bomb shelters further support the hypothesis that air raid evacuations impact leptospirosis epidemiology. Further investigation is needed to fully understand this relationship and its implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100944"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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