Pub Date : 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101327
Chantal Tawfik , James R. Young , Syseng Khounsy , Phouvong Phommachanh , Peter Christensen , Watthana Theppangna , Tom Hughes , Jantana Wongsantichon , Stuart D. Blacksell , Michael P. Ward
Rickettsioses are emerging zoonotic diseases in Southeast Asia caused by vector-borne, intracellular Rickettsia bacteria that threaten public health, animal welfare, and food security. Despite their importance to rural livelihoods, the epidemiology of rickettsial exposure in livestock remains poorly understood. This study used abattoir-based serology to evaluate livestock as sentinels of environmental exposure to Rickettsia in Lao PDR and to identify spatial hotspots and risk factors for seropositivity. Abattoir-based serological data were generated from cattle, pigs, and water buffalo samples collected in 18 provinces between January 2022 and April 2023. The immunofluorescence assay was used to detect antibodies against three rickettsial antigens: Scrub Typhus Group (Orientia tsutsugamushi), Typhus Group (R. typhi), and Spotted Fever Group (R. conorii, R. honei). Samples with IgG titres ≥1:100 were considered positive. Of 821 samples tested, 32 were seropositive: 25 cattle (9.9%), seven pigs (2.4%), and none of the buffalo. Breed and age were significant predictors, with non-native breeds and animals under one year old more likely to be positive (p < 0.05). Spatial-temporal analysis revealed one significant cluster in cattle (p = 0.0056) in southern Laos. These results represent the first nationwide serological assessment of Rickettsia exposure in Lao livestock.
{"title":"Rickettsial seropositivity in Lao PDR smallholder livestock farms: Implications for animal and human health","authors":"Chantal Tawfik , James R. Young , Syseng Khounsy , Phouvong Phommachanh , Peter Christensen , Watthana Theppangna , Tom Hughes , Jantana Wongsantichon , Stuart D. Blacksell , Michael P. Ward","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rickettsioses are emerging zoonotic diseases in Southeast Asia caused by vector-borne, intracellular <em>Rickettsia</em> bacteria that threaten public health, animal welfare, and food security. Despite their importance to rural livelihoods, the epidemiology of rickettsial exposure in livestock remains poorly understood. This study used abattoir-based serology to evaluate livestock as sentinels of environmental exposure to Rickettsia in Lao PDR and to identify spatial hotspots and risk factors for seropositivity. Abattoir-based serological data were generated from cattle, pigs, and water buffalo samples collected in 18 provinces between January 2022 and April 2023. The immunofluorescence assay was used to detect antibodies against three rickettsial antigens: Scrub Typhus Group (<em>Orientia tsutsugamushi</em>), Typhus Group (<em>R. typhi</em>), and Spotted Fever Group (<em>R. conorii</em>, <em>R. honei</em>). Samples with IgG titres ≥1:100 were considered positive. Of 821 samples tested, 32 were seropositive: 25 cattle (9.9%), seven pigs (2.4%), and none of the buffalo. Breed and age were significant predictors, with non-native breeds and animals under one year old more likely to be positive (<em>p</em> < 0.05). Spatial-temporal analysis revealed one significant cluster in cattle (<em>p</em> = 0.0056) in southern Laos. These results represent the first nationwide serological assessment of Rickettsia exposure in Lao livestock.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101327"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101322
Yinghui Su , Ruoxuan Wu , Pengfei Liu , Zhichao Li , Juan Pu , Lu Wang
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), particularly of the H5 subtype, remains a persistent threat to poultry, wildlife, and public health across Asia. This study quantifies the influence of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), using the Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) as the primary predictor, on the climate-driven dynamics of H5 HPAI through region- and host-stratified generalized additive models (GAMs). Seven region–host strata across Asia were modeled separately, revealing pronounced heterogeneity in event frequency. A clear negative correlation with MEI was identified in domestic poultry across East and South Asia, where higher MEI values, corresponding to El Niño conditions, were linked to reduced event frequencies. In contrast, wild bird populations in East and South Asia displayed irregular, multimodal response patterns to MEI, suggesting phase-specific sensitivities to climate variability. A recurrent neural network (RNN) was further employed to forecast MEI trends, which were then incorporated into the GAMs to predict event dynamics. The forecasts highlighted continued epidemic pressure in East Asia's wild birds, in contrast to stable or declining trends elsewhere. Given the zoonotic potential of H5 viruses, these climate-informed risk forecasts could help inform timely interventions to prevent animal-to-human transmission and support integrated One Health preparedness frameworks. This integrative statistical–deep learning framework offers valuable support for short-term early warning and regionally targeted prevention strategies for H5 HPAI preparedness across Asia.
{"title":"Integrated region-specific modeling of H5 avian influenza in Asia using ENSO-based forecasts","authors":"Yinghui Su , Ruoxuan Wu , Pengfei Liu , Zhichao Li , Juan Pu , Lu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), particularly of the H5 subtype, remains a persistent threat to poultry, wildlife, and public health across Asia. This study quantifies the influence of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), using the Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) as the primary predictor, on the climate-driven dynamics of H5 HPAI through region- and host-stratified generalized additive models (GAMs). Seven region–host strata across Asia were modeled separately, revealing pronounced heterogeneity in event frequency. A clear negative correlation with MEI was identified in domestic poultry across East and South Asia, where higher MEI values, corresponding to El Niño conditions, were linked to reduced event frequencies. In contrast, wild bird populations in East and South Asia displayed irregular, multimodal response patterns to MEI, suggesting phase-specific sensitivities to climate variability. A recurrent neural network (RNN) was further employed to forecast MEI trends, which were then incorporated into the GAMs to predict event dynamics. The forecasts highlighted continued epidemic pressure in East Asia's wild birds, in contrast to stable or declining trends elsewhere. Given the zoonotic potential of H5 viruses, these climate-informed risk forecasts could help inform timely interventions to prevent animal-to-human transmission and support integrated One Health preparedness frameworks. This integrative statistical–deep learning framework offers valuable support for short-term early warning and regionally targeted prevention strategies for H5 HPAI preparedness across Asia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101322"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101323
Kayla B. Garrett , Justin Brown , Pablo D. Jimenez Castro , Michelle Evason , Maria Jarque , Emily Jenkins , Noelle Kuhn , Christian Leutenegger , Cecilia Lozoya , Samantha Loo , Lauren Maxwell , Kevin D. Niedringhaus , Andrew S. Peregrine , Christian Savard , Jeffrey Tereski , Taylor Volappi , Kyle Van Why , Michael J. Yabsley , Christopher A. Cleveland
Echinococcus species are zoonotic cestodes found worldwide, posing a risk to humans and animals. Echinococcus multilocularis and E. granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) are both a concern in North America. Wild and domestic canids are definitive hosts, while rodents and ruminants are intermediate hosts for E. multilocularis and E. granulosus s.l., respectively. Humans can be alternative intermediate hosts for both Echinococcus species, and domestic dogs can serve as intermediate hosts for E. multilocularis. Recent Echinococcus detections in the eastern United States and Canada indicate a need for surveillance for these parasites. In total, we tested 27,293 fecal samples: pet dogs (n = 26,979), hunting dogs (n = 52), and wild canids (n = 262, including coyotes (Canis latrans), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), and gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus)) from Pennsylvania, USA using the KeyScreen™ GI Parasite PCR. This PCR can detect and differentiate E. multilocularis, E. granulosus s.l., and Taenia spp. Infection with Echinococcus multilocularis was detected in four individuals: two gray foxes from Erie and Clearfield counties and two coyotes from Lackawanna and Susquehanna counties. Additionally, one coyote was positive from Wyoming county for E. canadensis (G8), an E. granulosus s.l. species. No pet dogs or hunting dogs were positive for either Echinococcus species. Wild canids from multiple counties were positive for Taenia species, but no domestic pet dogs or hunting dogs were positive. These findings expand the known range of Echinococcus species in Pennsylvania wild canids and demonstrate that KeyScreen™ is a valuable and rapid tool for detecting Echinococcus spp. in canid fecal samples.
{"title":"Prevalence and distribution of Echinococcus species in domestic dogs and wild canids in Pennsylvania: KeyScreen® GI Parasite PCR testing of fecal samples","authors":"Kayla B. Garrett , Justin Brown , Pablo D. Jimenez Castro , Michelle Evason , Maria Jarque , Emily Jenkins , Noelle Kuhn , Christian Leutenegger , Cecilia Lozoya , Samantha Loo , Lauren Maxwell , Kevin D. Niedringhaus , Andrew S. Peregrine , Christian Savard , Jeffrey Tereski , Taylor Volappi , Kyle Van Why , Michael J. Yabsley , Christopher A. Cleveland","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Echinococcus</em> species are zoonotic cestodes found worldwide, posing a risk to humans and animals. <em>Echinococcus multilocularis</em> and <em>E. granulosus</em> sensu lato (s.l.) are both a concern in North America. Wild and domestic canids are definitive hosts, while rodents and ruminants are intermediate hosts for <em>E. multilocularis</em> and <em>E. granulosus</em> s.l., respectively. Humans can be alternative intermediate hosts for both <em>Echinococcus</em> species, and domestic dogs can serve as intermediate hosts for <em>E. multilocularis</em>. Recent <em>Echinococcus</em> detections in the eastern United States and Canada indicate a need for surveillance for these parasites. In total, we tested 27,293 fecal samples: pet dogs (<em>n</em> = 26,979), hunting dogs (<em>n</em> = 52), and wild canids (<em>n</em> = 262, including coyotes (<em>Canis latrans</em>), red fox (<em>Vulpes vulpes</em>), and gray fox (<em>Urocyon cinereoargenteus</em>)) from Pennsylvania, USA using the KeyScreen™ GI Parasite PCR. This PCR can detect and differentiate <em>E. multilocularis, E. granulosus</em> s.l., and <em>Taenia</em> spp. Infection with <em>Echinococcus multilocularis</em> was detected in four individuals: two gray foxes from Erie and Clearfield counties and two coyotes from Lackawanna and Susquehanna counties. Additionally, one coyote was positive from Wyoming county for <em>E. canadensis</em> (G8), an <em>E. granulosus</em> s.l. species. No pet dogs or hunting dogs were positive for either <em>Echinococcus</em> species. Wild canids from multiple counties were positive for <em>Taenia</em> species, but no domestic pet dogs or hunting dogs were positive. These findings expand the known range of <em>Echinococcus</em> species in Pennsylvania wild canids and demonstrate that KeyScreen™ is a valuable and rapid tool for detecting <em>Echinococcus</em> spp. in canid fecal samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101323"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101319
Paulo Cezar Ceresini , Waldir Cintra de Jesus Junior , Ana Carolina Firmino , Bárbara Pereira Christofaro Silva , Danilo Tancler Stipp , Edson Luiz Furtado , Fábio Luiz Checchio Mingotte , Karine Assis Costa , Paulo Renato Matos Lopes , Rita Luiza Peruquetti
Antifungal resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus and other environmental fungi represents a growing global threat to human health, driven in part by agricultural fungicide use. The scale of the threat is masked by inadequate multisector surveillance. In December 2025, the Brazilian Network Meeting on Aspergillus fumigatus Antimicrobial Resistance convened clinical, agricultural, environmental, and public-health experts to address these challenges using a One Health framework. Through a structured plenary deliberation, participants approved “The Botucatu Document: One Health Antifungal Resistance Policies — A Call for Action,” a unified Public Statement of Concern outlining governance principles and coordinated national actions for Brazil. The Statement reflects consensus across four Working Groups on clinical surveillance, environmental monitoring, fungicide regulation, and public health communication. Together, these directives call for independent AMR data collection, FAIR transparency, cross-sector governance, strengthened laboratory capacity, environmental aerobiome surveillance, new fungicide risk-assessment criteria, and comprehensive One Health communication strategies. This manuscript presents the full Public Statement as approved verbatim, situates it within global AMR policy frameworks, and highlights implications for Brazil's forthcoming National AMR Action Plan (2026–2031). The Botucatu Document represents a milestone in aligning agricultural and clinical sectors around a shared One Health AMR agenda.
{"title":"The Botucatu Document: One health antifungal resistance policies — A call for action","authors":"Paulo Cezar Ceresini , Waldir Cintra de Jesus Junior , Ana Carolina Firmino , Bárbara Pereira Christofaro Silva , Danilo Tancler Stipp , Edson Luiz Furtado , Fábio Luiz Checchio Mingotte , Karine Assis Costa , Paulo Renato Matos Lopes , Rita Luiza Peruquetti","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antifungal resistance in <em>Aspergillus fumigatus</em> and other environmental fungi represents a growing global threat to human health, driven in part by agricultural fungicide use. The scale of the threat is masked by inadequate multisector surveillance. In December 2025, the Brazilian Network Meeting on <em>Aspergillus fumigatus</em> Antimicrobial Resistance convened clinical, agricultural, environmental, and public-health experts to address these challenges using a One Health framework. Through a structured plenary deliberation, participants approved “<em>The Botucatu Document</em>: One Health Antifungal Resistance Policies — A Call for Action,” a unified Public Statement of Concern outlining governance principles and coordinated national actions for Brazil. The Statement reflects consensus across four Working Groups on clinical surveillance, environmental monitoring, fungicide regulation, and public health communication. Together, these directives call for independent AMR data collection, FAIR transparency, cross-sector governance, strengthened laboratory capacity, environmental aerobiome surveillance, new fungicide risk-assessment criteria, and comprehensive One Health communication strategies. This manuscript presents the full Public Statement as approved verbatim, situates it within global AMR policy frameworks, and highlights implications for Brazil's forthcoming National AMR Action Plan (2026–2031). The <em>Botucatu Document</em> represents a milestone in aligning agricultural and clinical sectors around a shared One Health AMR agenda.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101319"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liver flukes (Opisthorchis viverrine, OV) infections in water sources continue to persist in Sakon Nakhon Province, which is linked to the Mekong River. The agency's traditional infection data comprises the locations of infected water sources. However, this data is insufficient for developing a predictive model for infections within the sub-basin. When analyzed alongside independent variables, represented as identical points, it lacks the necessary information to generate a trend line that produces a reliable coefficient. This study implemented a spatial model that integrates a geographic-weighted regression (GWR) framework with appropriate weighting as a prototype. This approach improves the selection of independent variables by shifting from a point-based methodology to a weighted hexagonal grid.
Method
A set of eight independent variables land use, soil drainage, road network, water sources, streamlines, surface temperature, NDMI (Normalized Difference Moisture Index), and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) was initially weighted. This study developed three linear models based on the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model. It demonstrates the advantages of utilizing a hexagonal grid instead of a point grid. The three alternative models were tested with various independent variables and employed a factor-by-factor averaging approach, which necessitates the hexagonal grid size as a counterweight to ensure fairness across the entire grid, rather than relying solely on point data. A mathematical model was developed to calculate the average of each factor in order to achieve equality across a hexagonal grid area. Subsequently, the correlation was tested, and the alternative models were grouped. The resulting dendrogram includes three models.
Results and discussion
The results of the GWR comparison test were derived from both infected and hexagonal water source data. Models constructed from hexagonal grids consistently outperformed all alternative models, with R2 values improving to 58.7 %, 41.1 %, and 53.2 % for Model-1, Model-2, and Model-3, respectively. The RMSE also showed significant improvement, decreasing to 77.1 %, 60.2 %, and 67.2 %. Additionally, the model's accuracy was evaluated using AUC values of 0.725, 0.652, and 0.707, indicating that the developed model can effectively predict water source infections. Model-1 emerged as the most representative across all tests, incorporating soil drainage factors and road proximity as key influences on water source infection. Finally, the results are presented as infection prediction maps for each grid, highlighting areas of both overestimation and underestimation. The most accurate prediction model identified that over 95 % of grids had a high degree of accuracy. This study is anticipated to be applicable to infections caused by other water-mediated parasites.
{"title":"Spatial prediction of the probability of liver fluke infection using a geographic weighted regression (GWR) model in waterways connecting the Mekong River, Sakon Nakhon of Thailand","authors":"Benjamabhorn Pumhirunroj , Patiwat Littidej , Thidarut Boonmars , Atchara Artchayasawat , Nutchanat Buasri , Donald Slack","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Liver flukes (<em>Opisthorchis viverrine, OV</em>) infections in water sources continue to persist in Sakon Nakhon Province, which is linked to the Mekong River. The agency's traditional infection data comprises the locations of infected water sources. However, this data is insufficient for developing a predictive model for infections within the sub-basin. When analyzed alongside independent variables, represented as identical points, it lacks the necessary information to generate a trend line that produces a reliable coefficient. This study implemented a spatial model that integrates a geographic-weighted regression (GWR) framework with appropriate weighting as a prototype. This approach improves the selection of independent variables by shifting from a point-based methodology to a weighted hexagonal grid.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A set of eight independent variables land use, soil drainage, road network, water sources, streamlines, surface temperature, NDMI (Normalized Difference Moisture Index), and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) was initially weighted. This study developed three linear models based on the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model. It demonstrates the advantages of utilizing a hexagonal grid instead of a point grid. The three alternative models were tested with various independent variables and employed a factor-by-factor averaging approach, which necessitates the hexagonal grid size as a counterweight to ensure fairness across the entire grid, rather than relying solely on point data. A mathematical model was developed to calculate the average of each factor in order to achieve equality across a hexagonal grid area. Subsequently, the correlation was tested, and the alternative models were grouped. The resulting dendrogram includes three models.</div></div><div><h3>Results and discussion</h3><div>The results of the GWR comparison test were derived from both infected and hexagonal water source data. Models constructed from hexagonal grids consistently outperformed all alternative models, with R<sup>2</sup> values improving to 58.7 %, 41.1 %, and 53.2 % for Model-1, Model-2, and Model-3, respectively. The RMSE also showed significant improvement, decreasing to 77.1 %, 60.2 %, and 67.2 %. Additionally, the model's accuracy was evaluated using AUC values of 0.725, 0.652, and 0.707, indicating that the developed model can effectively predict water source infections. Model-1 emerged as the most representative across all tests, incorporating soil drainage factors and road proximity as key influences on water source infection. Finally, the results are presented as infection prediction maps for each grid, highlighting areas of both overestimation and underestimation. The most accurate prediction model identified that over 95 % of grids had a high degree of accuracy. This study is anticipated to be applicable to infections caused by other water-mediated parasites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101320"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101318
Sen Zhang , Guoxing Liu , Fansong Yu , Jiyu Zhang , Xuzheng Zhou , Aizhen Guo , Yingyu Chen
Background
Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is a major pathogen of cattle and contributes to substantial economic losses worldwide. A comprehensive understanding of its global prevalence is lacking, hindering the development of effective control strategies.
Objectives
This study aimed to determine the global pooled prevalence of M. bovis, identify key factors influencing its epidemiology, and validate the findings with recent regional surveillance data.
Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature search was performed across four databases in June 2025, encompassing studies published between 2007 and 2023. Additionally, 979 nasal swab samples from Chinese herds from 2021 to 2024 were analyzed using conventional PCR.
Results
Twenty-three studies from 13 countries were included. The global pooled prevalence was 24.5 % (95 % CI: 12.7 %–38.7 %), with extremely high heterogeneity (I2 = 99.9 %). Our independent laboratory data also revealed a nearly identical positivity level of 21.9 % in Chinese herds from 2021 to 2024. Subgroup analyses identified age as the most significant risk factor, with a dramatically greater prevalence in young stock (< 12 months) (56.2 %) than in adults (6.7 %) (p = 0.01). A relatively high prevalence was also associated with beef production systems, male cattle, serum samples, and culture method. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias assessment confirmed the robustness of the findings.
Conclusion
This study provides the first robust estimate of the global prevalence of M. bovis, validated by contemporary surveillance data. These findings underscore the severe burden of infection in young stock and provide crucial evidence to inform targeted surveillance and control programs in the global cattle industry.
{"title":"Integrated meta-analysis and sentinel surveillance: Global prevalence and risk factors for Mycoplasma bovis in cattle (2007–2023)","authors":"Sen Zhang , Guoxing Liu , Fansong Yu , Jiyu Zhang , Xuzheng Zhou , Aizhen Guo , Yingyu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Mycoplasma bovis</em> (<em>M. bovis</em>) is a major pathogen of cattle and contributes to substantial economic losses worldwide. A comprehensive understanding of its global prevalence is lacking, hindering the development of effective control strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to determine the global pooled prevalence of <em>M. bovis</em>, identify key factors influencing its epidemiology, and validate the findings with recent regional surveillance data.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature search was performed across four databases in June 2025, encompassing studies published between 2007 and 2023. Additionally, 979 nasal swab samples from Chinese herds from 2021 to 2024 were analyzed using conventional PCR.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-three studies from 13 countries were included. The global pooled prevalence was 24.5 % (95 % CI: 12.7 %–38.7 %), with extremely high heterogeneity (<em>I</em><sup><em>2</em></sup> = 99.9 %). Our independent laboratory data also revealed a nearly identical positivity level of 21.9 % in Chinese herds from 2021 to 2024. Subgroup analyses identified age as the most significant risk factor, with a dramatically greater prevalence in young stock (< 12 months) (56.2 %) than in adults (6.7 %) (<em>p</em> = 0.01). A relatively high prevalence was also associated with beef production systems, male cattle, serum samples, and culture method. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias assessment confirmed the robustness of the findings.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study provides the first robust estimate of the global prevalence of <em>M. bovis</em>, validated by contemporary surveillance data. These findings underscore the severe burden of infection in young stock and provide crucial evidence to inform targeted surveillance and control programs in the global cattle industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101318"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101316
C. Hebel , T. Bailey , E.M. Kalbhenn , G.K. Paterson , U. Wernery
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global threat to human and animal health. This requires extensive research in order to understand the implications on health, pathogenicity and diseases in various species.
Falcons play a crucial role in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) as part of the Arab cultural heritage. In falcons, AMR research is essential for the benefit of veterinary medicine, public health and the environment. The primary objective of this study was to assess the in vitro efficacy of antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from clinically affected captive falcons in Dubai, UAE and investigate the possibility of using bacteriophages as an alternative treatment option. To achieve this, P. aeruginosa isolates were tested by antibiogram and phagogram. The results provide valuable information on effectiveness and possible treatment options. Furthermore, demonstrating a high resistance of P. aeruginosa in falcons in veterinary-only drugs including enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin, while antibiotics are listed on the WHO AWaRe (access, watch, reserve) monitoring list such as ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and piperacillin/tazobactam show good sensitivity.
Bacteriophages, as natural viruses that lyse bacteria, have gained attention as an alternative therapeutic tool to combat bacterial infections, particularly those caused by antibiotic resistant strains. The in vitro efficacy shows that commercially available bacteriophage preparations for therapeutic use might provide an alternative to antibiotics in falcons. Nevertheless, the in vivo efficacy might differ from the in vitro results, and regulatory difficulties currently restrict therapeutic use.
From a One Health perspective, this study explores AMR in falcons asf potential sentinel for AMR due to their close contact with humans, frequent antimicrobial exposure, and shared environment. It also shows possibilities to approach AMR by innovative strategies such as bacteriophage therapy. It also shows the need for effective surveillance, responsible antimicrobial use via antibiotic stewardship and control not only in human, but also in veterinary medicine. Emphasising the connectivity between human, animal and environment health is of importance under the One Health approach and is essential to combat AMR.
{"title":"In vitro efficacy of antibiotics and bacteriophages against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from clinically affected captive falcons in Dubai, United Arab Emirates","authors":"C. Hebel , T. Bailey , E.M. Kalbhenn , G.K. Paterson , U. Wernery","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global threat to human and animal health. This requires extensive research in order to understand the implications on health, pathogenicity and diseases in various species.</div><div>Falcons play a crucial role in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) as part of the Arab cultural heritage. In falcons, AMR research is essential for the benefit of veterinary medicine, public health and the environment. The primary objective of this study was to assess the <em>in vitro</em> efficacy of antibiotics against <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> isolates from clinically affected captive falcons in Dubai, UAE and investigate the possibility of using bacteriophages as an alternative treatment option. To achieve this, <em>P. aeruginosa</em> isolates were tested by antibiogram and phagogram. The results provide valuable information on effectiveness and possible treatment options. Furthermore, demonstrating a high resistance of <em>P. aeruginosa</em> in falcons in veterinary-only drugs including enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin, while antibiotics are listed on the WHO AWaRe (access, watch, reserve) monitoring list such as ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and piperacillin/tazobactam show good sensitivity.</div><div>Bacteriophages, as natural viruses that lyse bacteria, have gained attention as an alternative therapeutic tool to combat bacterial infections, particularly those caused by antibiotic resistant strains. The <em>in vitro</em> efficacy shows that commercially available bacteriophage preparations for therapeutic use might provide an alternative to antibiotics in falcons. Nevertheless, the <em>in vivo</em> efficacy might differ from the <em>in vitro</em> results, and regulatory difficulties currently restrict therapeutic use.</div><div>From a One Health perspective, this study explores AMR in falcons asf potential sentinel for AMR due to their close contact with humans, frequent antimicrobial exposure, and shared environment. It also shows possibilities to approach AMR by innovative strategies such as bacteriophage therapy. It also shows the need for effective surveillance, responsible antimicrobial use <em>via</em> antibiotic stewardship and control not only in human, but also in veterinary medicine. Emphasising the connectivity between human, animal and environment health is of importance under the One Health approach and is essential to combat AMR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101316"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fecal pathogen infections remain a major public health challenge in low- and middle-income countries, where unsafe water, inadequate sanitation, and poor hygiene persist. Northeastern Thailand continues to experience a high burden of helminth infections linked to deficient water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) conditions. Evidence-based identification of combined WASH thresholds is needed to support effective interventions and progress toward Sustainable Development Goal 6.
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 520 households across 18 communities in Tongkhop city, Sakon Nakhon Province, Thailand. Primary data from household surveys, key-informant interviews, and field observations were integrated with disease-surveillance records. A multilevel generalized linear model was applied to assess associations between WASH indicators and infection prevalence. Model-predicted outcomes were further analyzed using response surface methodology to quantify nonlinear interactions and identify optimal WASH thresholds.
Infection prevalence exceeded 40 cases per 1000 population in communities relying on untreated water, infrequent fecal-sludge emptying, and low hygiene compliance. Substantial risk reductions were observed when household water treatment exceeded 40 %, fecal-sludge emptying frequency reached 35–40 %, and handwashing compliance before meals surpassed 80 %, while raw-fish consumption remained below 50 %. The response-surface analysis revealed clear nonlinear synergies among WASH components, indicating that coordinated improvements were more effective than isolated interventions.
This study demonstrates that integrating multilevel modeling with response surface analysis enables quantitative identification of critical WASH thresholds for reducing fecal-pathogen infections. The findings highlight the importance of coordinated improvements in water safety, sanitation management, and hygiene behaviors to mitigate environmental transmission pathways. These results provide actionable, data-driven guidance for public health planning and support the environmental dimension of the One Health framework in advancing SDG 6.
{"title":"A data-driven approach for mitigation of fecal pathogen infections from unsafe WASH practices","authors":"Achara Taweesan , Thammarat Koottatep , Thongchai Kanabkaew , Rathanit Sukthanapirat , Chongrak Polprasert","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fecal pathogen infections remain a major public health challenge in low- and middle-income countries, where unsafe water, inadequate sanitation, and poor hygiene persist. Northeastern Thailand continues to experience a high burden of helminth infections linked to deficient water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) conditions. Evidence-based identification of combined WASH thresholds is needed to support effective interventions and progress toward Sustainable Development Goal 6.</div><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 520 households across 18 communities in Tongkhop city, Sakon Nakhon Province, Thailand. Primary data from household surveys, key-informant interviews, and field observations were integrated with disease-surveillance records. A multilevel generalized linear model was applied to assess associations between WASH indicators and infection prevalence. Model-predicted outcomes were further analyzed using response surface methodology to quantify nonlinear interactions and identify optimal WASH thresholds.</div><div>Infection prevalence exceeded 40 cases per 1000 population in communities relying on untreated water, infrequent fecal-sludge emptying, and low hygiene compliance. Substantial risk reductions were observed when household water treatment exceeded 40 %, fecal-sludge emptying frequency reached 35–40 %, and handwashing compliance before meals surpassed 80 %, while raw-fish consumption remained below 50 %. The response-surface analysis revealed clear nonlinear synergies among WASH components, indicating that coordinated improvements were more effective than isolated interventions.</div><div>This study demonstrates that integrating multilevel modeling with response surface analysis enables quantitative identification of critical WASH thresholds for reducing fecal-pathogen infections. The findings highlight the importance of coordinated improvements in water safety, sanitation management, and hygiene behaviors to mitigate environmental transmission pathways. These results provide actionable, data-driven guidance for public health planning and support the environmental dimension of the One Health framework in advancing SDG 6.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101317"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101315
Hongyu Li , Yuqing Wang , Yihan Chen , Chaojun Shan , Jiyuan Wang , Ruke Wang , Yuqing Shao , Jialu Xu , Xiaodong Yao , Keda Chen
Global climate change is rapidly reshaping species distribution patterns worldwide. Pomacea canaliculata (golden apple snail), an important invasive species in many countries, has experienced accelerated range expansion driven by climate change and anthropogenic activities. Owing to its high phenotypic plasticity, broad environmental tolerance, and high fecundity, this species causes severe agricultural damage and biodiversity loss. Importantly, P. canaliculata is a highly competent intermediate host of the rat lungworm Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the causative agent of human eosinophilic meningitis, posing a growing public health threat. This article synthesizes the biological traits, invasion mechanisms, and ecological impacts of P. canaliculata, together with the transmission cycle and epidemiology of A. cantonensis. Using the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model under two future climate scenarios (SSP2–4.5 and SSP5–8.5), we projected the spatiotemporal dynamics of suitable habitat for P. canaliculata. Current distributions are primarily driven by hydrothermal factors, with annual precipitation (BIO12) and maximum temperature of the warmest month (BIO5) exerting dominant influences, resulting in high suitability across tropical and subtropical regions. Under future warming, habitat suitability is projected to decline in low-latitude regions while expanding poleward, with increased fragmentation under SSP5–8.5. High-stability resilience hotspots, including the lower Yangtze River Basin and the Mississippi River Basin, are identified as priority areas for management. Based on these projections, we propose a precision governance framework integrating niche-based risk stratification, low-toxicity biocontrol, habitat management, cross-border surveillance, and public education to support climate-adaptive prevention of invasive species and parasite transmission.
{"title":"Climate-driven invasion of Pomacea canaliculata and Angiostrongylus cantonensis transmission risk: Ecological niche modeling forecasts and public-health governance recommendations","authors":"Hongyu Li , Yuqing Wang , Yihan Chen , Chaojun Shan , Jiyuan Wang , Ruke Wang , Yuqing Shao , Jialu Xu , Xiaodong Yao , Keda Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global climate change is rapidly reshaping species distribution patterns worldwide. <em>Pomacea canaliculata</em> (golden apple snail), an important invasive species in many countries, has experienced accelerated range expansion driven by climate change and anthropogenic activities. Owing to its high phenotypic plasticity, broad environmental tolerance, and high fecundity, this species causes severe agricultural damage and biodiversity loss. Importantly, <em>P. canaliculata</em> is a highly competent intermediate host of the rat lungworm <em>Angiostrongylus cantonensis</em>, the causative agent of human eosinophilic meningitis, posing a growing public health threat. This article synthesizes the biological traits, invasion mechanisms, and ecological impacts of <em>P. canaliculata</em>, together with the transmission cycle and epidemiology of <em>A. cantonensis</em>. Using the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model under two future climate scenarios (SSP2–4.5 and SSP5–8.5), we projected the spatiotemporal dynamics of suitable habitat for <em>P. canaliculata</em>. Current distributions are primarily driven by hydrothermal factors, with annual precipitation (BIO12) and maximum temperature of the warmest month (BIO5) exerting dominant influences, resulting in high suitability across tropical and subtropical regions. Under future warming, habitat suitability is projected to decline in low-latitude regions while expanding poleward, with increased fragmentation under SSP5–8.5. High-stability resilience hotspots, including the lower Yangtze River Basin and the Mississippi River Basin, are identified as priority areas for management. Based on these projections, we propose a precision governance framework integrating niche-based risk stratification, low-toxicity biocontrol, habitat management, cross-border surveillance, and public education to support climate-adaptive prevention of invasive species and parasite transmission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101315"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-27DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101308
Giulio Pisaneschi , Piero Manfredi , Alberto Landi , Nico Stollenwerk , Maíra Aguiar
Dengue is no longer limited to tropical regions, as recent outbreaks in Southern Europe show. In 2024, nearly 150 local cases were reported in Fano, Italy, raising concerns that dengue could become established in temperate areas. In this work, we question the common belief that large outbreaks require high numbers of mosquitoes and a high basic reproduction number (). We show that significant outbreaks can happen even when is below one, triggered by the random introduction of infected travelers. Using a mathematical model that includes imported cases and mosquito populations, we explain how rare but possible transmission events can cause substantial local spread, even under conditions usually thought too weak for sustained outbreaks. Our findings point out an important gap in current risk assessments, which often rely only on fixed invasion thresholds and basic reproduction numbers. By considering the complex interactions between human travel, mosquito ecology, and the environment, our work supports the One Health approach to understanding disease emergence. We recommend combining stochastic modeling, data on human movement, and mosquito surveillance in early warning systems to better predict outbreaks’ risk and improve preparedness in regions not traditionally affected by dengue.
{"title":"When Few Mosquitoes Are Enough: Dengue outbreaks in non-endemic areas","authors":"Giulio Pisaneschi , Piero Manfredi , Alberto Landi , Nico Stollenwerk , Maíra Aguiar","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dengue is no longer limited to tropical regions, as recent outbreaks in Southern Europe show. In 2024, nearly 150 local cases were reported in Fano, Italy, raising concerns that dengue could become established in temperate areas. In this work, we question the common belief that large outbreaks require high numbers of mosquitoes and a high basic reproduction number (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>). We show that significant outbreaks can happen even when <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> is below one, triggered by the random introduction of infected travelers. Using a mathematical model that includes imported cases and mosquito populations, we explain how rare but possible transmission events can cause substantial local spread, even under conditions usually thought too weak for sustained outbreaks. Our findings point out an important gap in current risk assessments, which often rely only on fixed invasion thresholds and basic reproduction numbers. By considering the complex interactions between human travel, mosquito ecology, and the environment, our work supports the <em>One Health</em> approach to understanding disease emergence. We recommend combining stochastic modeling, data on human movement, and mosquito surveillance in early warning systems to better predict outbreaks’ risk and improve preparedness in regions not traditionally affected by dengue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101308"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号