One Health最新文献_第3页

A data-driven approach for mitigation of fecal pathogen infections from unsafe WASH practices 减少不安全讲卫生做法造成的粪便病原体感染的数据驱动方法

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

One Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101317

Achara Taweesan , Thammarat Koottatep , Thongchai Kanabkaew , Rathanit Sukthanapirat , Chongrak Polprasert

Fecal pathogen infections remain a major public health challenge in low- and middle-income countries, where unsafe water, inadequate sanitation, and poor hygiene persist. Northeastern Thailand continues to experience a high burden of helminth infections linked to deficient water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) conditions. Evidence-based identification of combined WASH thresholds is needed to support effective interventions and progress toward Sustainable Development Goal 6.

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 520 households across 18 communities in Tongkhop city, Sakon Nakhon Province, Thailand. Primary data from household surveys, key-informant interviews, and field observations were integrated with disease-surveillance records. A multilevel generalized linear model was applied to assess associations between WASH indicators and infection prevalence. Model-predicted outcomes were further analyzed using response surface methodology to quantify nonlinear interactions and identify optimal WASH thresholds.

Infection prevalence exceeded 40 cases per 1000 population in communities relying on untreated water, infrequent fecal-sludge emptying, and low hygiene compliance. Substantial risk reductions were observed when household water treatment exceeded 40 %, fecal-sludge emptying frequency reached 35–40 %, and handwashing compliance before meals surpassed 80 %, while raw-fish consumption remained below 50 %. The response-surface analysis revealed clear nonlinear synergies among WASH components, indicating that coordinated improvements were more effective than isolated interventions.

This study demonstrates that integrating multilevel modeling with response surface analysis enables quantitative identification of critical WASH thresholds for reducing fecal-pathogen infections. The findings highlight the importance of coordinated improvements in water safety, sanitation management, and hygiene behaviors to mitigate environmental transmission pathways. These results provide actionable, data-driven guidance for public health planning and support the environmental dimension of the One Health framework in advancing SDG 6.

在低收入和中等收入国家，粪便病原体感染仍然是一个重大的公共卫生挑战，在这些国家，不安全的水、不充分的卫生设施和不良的个人卫生状况持续存在。与缺乏水、环境卫生和个人卫生（WASH）条件有关，泰国东北部地区的寄生虫感染负担仍然很高。需要以证据为基础确定讲卫生运动的综合阈值，以支持有效的干预措施和实现可持续发展目标6的进展。一项横断面研究在泰国萨贡那空省通合市18个社区的520户家庭中进行。来自家庭调查、关键信息提供者访谈和实地观察的原始数据与疾病监测记录相结合。应用多层次广义线性模型来评估WASH指标与感染流行率之间的关系。使用响应面方法进一步分析模型预测结果，以量化非线性相互作用并确定最佳WASH阈值。在依赖未经处理的水、不经常排空粪便污泥和卫生依从性低的社区，感染率超过每1000人40例。当家庭用水处理超过40%，粪便污泥排空频率达到35 - 40%，饭前洗手率超过80%，而生鱼片消费量保持在50%以下时，观察到风险大幅降低。响应面分析揭示了WASH各组成部分之间明显的非线性协同作用，表明协调改进比单独干预更有效。该研究表明，将多层模型与响应面分析相结合，可以定量识别减少粪便病原体感染的关键WASH阈值。研究结果强调了协调改善水安全、环境卫生管理和个人卫生行为以减少环境传播途径的重要性。这些结果为公共卫生规划提供了可操作的、数据驱动的指导，并支持“同一个健康”框架的环境层面推进可持续发展目标6。

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引用次数: 0

Climate-driven invasion of Pomacea canaliculata and Angiostrongylus cantonensis transmission risk: Ecological niche modeling forecasts and public-health governance recommendations 气候驱动的管圆线虫入侵和广州管圆线虫传播风险：生态位建模预测和公共卫生治理建议

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

One Health

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101315

Hongyu Li , Yuqing Wang , Yihan Chen , Chaojun Shan , Jiyuan Wang , Ruke Wang , Yuqing Shao , Jialu Xu , Xiaodong Yao , Keda Chen

Global climate change is rapidly reshaping species distribution patterns worldwide. Pomacea canaliculata (golden apple snail), an important invasive species in many countries, has experienced accelerated range expansion driven by climate change and anthropogenic activities. Owing to its high phenotypic plasticity, broad environmental tolerance, and high fecundity, this species causes severe agricultural damage and biodiversity loss. Importantly, P. canaliculata is a highly competent intermediate host of the rat lungworm Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the causative agent of human eosinophilic meningitis, posing a growing public health threat. This article synthesizes the biological traits, invasion mechanisms, and ecological impacts of P. canaliculata, together with the transmission cycle and epidemiology of A. cantonensis. Using the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model under two future climate scenarios (SSP2–4.5 and SSP5–8.5), we projected the spatiotemporal dynamics of suitable habitat for P. canaliculata. Current distributions are primarily driven by hydrothermal factors, with annual precipitation (BIO12) and maximum temperature of the warmest month (BIO5) exerting dominant influences, resulting in high suitability across tropical and subtropical regions. Under future warming, habitat suitability is projected to decline in low-latitude regions while expanding poleward, with increased fragmentation under SSP5–8.5. High-stability resilience hotspots, including the lower Yangtze River Basin and the Mississippi River Basin, are identified as priority areas for management. Based on these projections, we propose a precision governance framework integrating niche-based risk stratification, low-toxicity biocontrol, habitat management, cross-border surveillance, and public education to support climate-adaptive prevention of invasive species and parasite transmission.

全球气候变化正在迅速重塑全球物种分布格局。金苹果螺（Pomacea canaliculata）是许多国家的重要入侵物种，在气候变化和人类活动的驱动下，其活动范围正在加速扩张。由于其高表型可塑性、广泛的环境耐受性和高繁殖力，造成了严重的农业危害和生物多样性丧失。重要的是，小管线虫是大鼠肺线虫广州管圆线虫的高效中间宿主，而广州管圆线虫是人类嗜酸性脑膜炎的病原体，对公共卫生构成日益严重的威胁。本文综述了广东棘球绦虫的生物学特性、入侵机制、生态影响、传播周期和流行病学。利用最大熵（MaxEnt）模型，对未来两种气候情景（SSP2-4.5和SSP5-8.5）下小叶茅适宜生境的时空动态进行了预测。洋流分布主要受热液因子驱动，年降水量（BIO12）和最暖月最高温度（BIO5）起主导作用，因此在热带和亚热带地区具有较高的适宜性。在未来变暖的背景下，预计低纬度地区的生境适宜性将下降，同时向极地扩展，SSP5-8.5下的破碎化将增加。高稳定韧性热点地区，包括长江下游流域和密西西比河流域，被确定为优先管理区域。基于这些预测，我们提出了一个精确的治理框架，将基于生态位的风险分层、低毒性生物防治、栖息地管理、跨境监测和公众教育相结合，以支持入侵物种和寄生虫传播的气候适应性预防。

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引用次数: 0

When Few Mosquitoes Are Enough: Dengue outbreaks in non-endemic areas 当蚊子很少时：登革热在非流行地区爆发

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

One Health

Pub Date : 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101308

Giulio Pisaneschi , Piero Manfredi , Alberto Landi , Nico Stollenwerk , Maíra Aguiar

Dengue is no longer limited to tropical regions, as recent outbreaks in Southern Europe show. In 2024, nearly 150 local cases were reported in Fano, Italy, raising concerns that dengue could become established in temperate areas. In this work, we question the common belief that large outbreaks require high numbers of mosquitoes and a high basic reproduction number (

R_{0}

). We show that significant outbreaks can happen even when

R_{0}

is below one, triggered by the random introduction of infected travelers. Using a mathematical model that includes imported cases and mosquito populations, we explain how rare but possible transmission events can cause substantial local spread, even under conditions usually thought too weak for sustained outbreaks. Our findings point out an important gap in current risk assessments, which often rely only on fixed invasion thresholds and basic reproduction numbers. By considering the complex interactions between human travel, mosquito ecology, and the environment, our work supports the One Health approach to understanding disease emergence. We recommend combining stochastic modeling, data on human movement, and mosquito surveillance in early warning systems to better predict outbreaks’ risk and improve preparedness in regions not traditionally affected by dengue.

最近在南欧爆发的疫情表明，登革热不再局限于热带地区。2024年，意大利法诺报告了近150例当地病例，引起了人们对登革热可能在温带地区扎根的担忧。在这项工作中，我们质疑普遍认为大规模暴发需要大量蚊子和高基本繁殖数（R0）。我们表明，即使R0低于1，随机引入受感染的旅行者也会引发重大疫情。利用一个包括输入病例和蚊子种群的数学模型，我们解释了罕见但可能的传播事件如何导致大量的本地传播，即使在通常被认为太弱而无法持续暴发的条件下也是如此。我们的发现指出了当前风险评估的一个重要缺陷，即通常只依赖于固定的入侵阈值和基本的繁殖数量。通过考虑人类旅行、蚊子生态和环境之间复杂的相互作用，我们的工作支持“同一个健康”方法来理解疾病的出现。我们建议在早期预警系统中结合随机建模、人类活动数据和蚊子监测，以更好地预测疫情风险，并改善传统上不受登革热影响的地区的防范工作。

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引用次数: 0

High throughput sequencing in the diagnosis and surveillance of tick-borne diseases: A narrative review 高通量测序在蜱传疾病诊断和监测中的应用综述

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

One Health

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101312

Yannick-Ibrahim Bisso , Olivier Duron , Olivier Plantard , Gilles Prevost , Benoit Jaulhac , Pierre Boyer

Ticks are blood-feeding arthropods that can transmit a wide variety of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and filarial nematodes) when they feed on various vertebrate hosts. In the recent years, high-throughput sequencing (HTS), also called next-generation sequencing, has become a key tool for detecting and characterizing microorganisms, whether they are pathogens or part of the tick's own microbiota. This narrative review summarizes current applications of HTS for the surveillance and diagnosis of tick-borne diseases within a One Health framework.

From nucleic acids extracted from a tick sample, HTS enables the possibility of simultaneous detection of multiple microorganisms, and provides valuable information on potential reservoir hosts through blood meal analysis. It has revealed a vast diversity of bacterial, viral, protozoan agents and filarial nematodes in various tick species worldwide, including unexpected or novel pathogens. HTS has also improved our understanding of the tick microbiota and how it interacts with pathogens, which could have an impact on vector competence.

In the field of microbiological diagnosis, HTS provides a complementary or alternative approach to traditional diagnostic tests, particularly in cases with non-specific symptoms or when the etiology is unknown. HTS has proven to be effective in detecting rare or novel pathogens, including some transmitted by ticks. It has also enabled the reconstruction of whole genomes of microorganisms from clinical samples or ticks, thereby improving our understanding of the molecular epidemiology of these agents.

By bridging the vector, its pathogens, the reservoir host, and human or animal clinical outcomes, HTS represents a cornerstone technology for future integrated surveillance systems of TBDs within a One Health perspective.

蜱是一种以血液为食的节肢动物，当它们以各种脊椎动物为食时，可以传播多种微生物（细菌、病毒、原生动物和丝状线虫）。近年来，高通量测序（HTS），也被称为下一代测序，已经成为检测和表征微生物的关键工具，无论它们是病原体还是蜱虫自身微生物群的一部分。这篇叙述性综述总结了目前在“同一个健康”框架下HTS在监测和诊断蜱传疾病方面的应用。从蜱虫样本中提取的核酸，HTS使同时检测多种微生物成为可能，并通过血粉分析提供潜在宿主的有价值信息。它揭示了世界各地各种蜱虫物种中细菌、病毒、原生动物制剂和丝状线虫的巨大多样性，包括意想不到的或新的病原体。HTS还提高了我们对蜱虫微生物群及其如何与病原体相互作用的理解，这可能对媒介能力产生影响。在微生物诊断领域，高温高温检测法为传统诊断检测提供了一种补充或替代方法，特别是在出现非特异性症状或病因不明的情况下。HTS已被证明在检测罕见或新型病原体方面是有效的，包括一些由蜱虫传播的病原体。它还可以重建临床样本或蜱虫的微生物全基因组，从而提高我们对这些病原体的分子流行病学的理解。通过将病媒、其病原体、宿主以及人类或动物的临床结果联系起来，高通量技术是“同一个健康”视角下未来TBDs综合监测系统的基石技术。

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引用次数: 0

Using participatory epidemiology to understand differences in tick-borne disease perceptions from homeowners in the Ohio River valley 使用参与式流行病学来了解俄亥俄河谷房主对蜱传疾病的看法差异

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

One Health

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101309

Emily G. Bache , Paulina Matzkin , Jessica Fleming , Risa Pesapane , Danielle M. Tufts

Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) are the most common vector-borne diseases reported annually in the United States. Lyme disease, caused primarily by the spirochetal bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.) affects an estimated 476,000 people each year. Borrelia burgdorferi is transmitted by the tick Ixodes scapularis and is maintained in an enzootic cycle with small mammal reservoirs in the eastern United States. Since B. burgdorferi can infect humans and domestic animals, Lyme disease is an important One Health concern between humans and animals. People residing in endemic areas are likely to possess differences in knowledge and protective behaviors compared to people living in areas where Lyme disease is newly emerging. To better understand behavioral differences and perspectives of Lyme disease and other TBDs in these areas, elements of participatory epidemiology were incorporated by surveying homeowners from a Lyme disease endemic area (southwestern Pennsylvania) and an emerging area (eastern Ohio). The survey covered three main areas of interest: perceived risk of tick exposure and TBD health risks, personal protection methods used to prevent or reduce exposure to tick bites, and protection methods to reduce tick presence on residential properties. The results of our study suggest that residents in endemic regions may be more educated and aware of TBD risk and prevention methods based on their belief that TBDs pose at least a minor health risk. Additionally, more Pennsylvania residents used tick-bite prevention methods while outdoors on their property. Residents in Ohio were unlikely to make any changes to protect themselves or their property from ticks, which may be a result of a lack of education or motivation to change their behaviors. The findings from this study can inform public health education and interventions to increase awareness and reduce the risk of TBDs in endemic and emerging areas.

蜱传疾病（tbd）是最常见的媒介传播疾病报告在美国每年。莱姆病主要由严格意义的螺旋体细菌伯氏疏螺旋体引起，每年估计影响476 000人。伯氏疏螺旋体由肩胛骨蜱传播，并在美国东部的小型哺乳动物宿主中保持地方性循环。由于伯氏疏螺旋体可感染人类和家畜，莱姆病是人类和动物之间一个重要的健康问题。与生活在莱姆病新发地区的人们相比，生活在莱姆病流行地区的人们在知识和保护行为方面可能存在差异。为了更好地了解这些地区莱姆病和其他tbd的行为差异和观点，通过对莱姆病流行地区（宾夕法尼亚州西南部）和新兴地区（俄亥俄州东部）的房主进行调查，纳入了参与式流行病学的要素。该调查涵盖了三个主要领域：蜱虫暴露的感知风险和TBD健康风险，用于预防或减少蜱虫叮咬暴露的个人保护方法，以及减少住宅物业中蜱虫存在的保护方法。我们的研究结果表明，疫区居民可能会在认为TBD至少会造成轻微健康风险的基础上，对TBD风险和预防方法进行更多的教育和认识。此外，更多的宾夕法尼亚州居民在户外使用蜱虫叮咬预防方法。俄亥俄州的居民不太可能做出任何改变来保护自己或他们的财产免受蜱虫的侵害，这可能是缺乏改变行为的教育或动机的结果。本研究结果可为流行地区和新兴地区的公共卫生教育和干预措施提供信息，以提高认识并降低TBDs的风险。

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引用次数: 0

The niche of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Europe is predictable and mappable 伯氏疏螺旋体在欧洲的生态位是可以预测和绘制的

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

One Health

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101313

Agustín Estrada-Peña , Julie Davis , James H. Stark , Patrick H. Kelly

Classic environmental niche modelling to examine the distribution of the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bb) in the Western Palearctic, is often inadequate because it depends on both its tick vector(s), like Ixodes ricinus, and vertebrate reservoirs. We aimed to better determine, identify, and map the geographic distribution of Bb genospecies compiling data from 15,032 I. ricinus samples and over 6.5 million vertebrate records across 103 genera. We leveraged Species Stacking Distribution Modelling and Principal Components Analysis to identify communities of co-occurring vertebrates and their associations between Bb prevalence in host-seeking Ixodes nymphs and. Four vertebrate communities were revealed, with one strongly linked as primary reservoirs to Bb geographic range. Distribution of Bb in southern Europe was limited by the absence of I. ricinus despite suitable reservoirs, while in northern regions, a lack of competent reservoirs restricts its spread. The Bb prevalence in questing ticks correlates significantly (R² = 0.89) with the presence of key reservoirs rather than overall vertebrate diversity which suggests the Bb niche is predictable and tied to specific vertebrate-tick co-occurrences. We compiled a dataset with the climate, vegetation, and vertebrate-derived variables linked to the transmission pressure of Bb to humans for the complete European territory, aiming for the prevention of infection in humans. This research underscores the importance of integrating reservoir species and tick distribution data to better map and predict Bb spread. By capturing the effects of climate and community composition on the occurrence of Bb in Europe, this framework provides insights for tracking Lyme borreliosis at a continental-level.

经典的环境生态位模型用于检查莱姆病伯氏疏螺旋体（Bb）病原体在古北西部的分布，通常是不充分的，因为它依赖于其蜱虫媒介，如蓖麻伊蚊和脊椎动物宿主。为了更好地确定、鉴定和绘制Bb基因种的地理分布，我们收集了15032份蓖麻样本和超过650万份脊椎动物记录，涵盖103个属。我们利用物种堆叠分布模型和主成分分析来确定共发生的脊椎动物群落及其在寻找寄主的伊蚊若虫和伊蚊中Bb患病率之间的关系。发现了4个脊椎动物群落，其中一个是Bb地理范围的主要储集层。Bb在南欧的分布受到蓖麻I. ricinus缺乏的限制，尽管有合适的水库，而在北部地区，缺乏合格的水库限制了它的传播。在蜱虫中，Bb患病率与关键宿主的存在显著相关（R2 = 0.89），而不是与整体脊椎动物多样性相关，这表明Bb生态位是可预测的，并且与特定的脊椎动物-蜱虫共同出现有关。我们编制了一个数据集，其中包括气候、植被和脊椎动物衍生的变量，这些变量与整个欧洲领土的Bb向人类传播压力有关，旨在预防人类感染。该研究强调了整合宿主物种和蜱虫分布数据对更好地绘制和预测Bb传播的重要性。通过捕捉气候和群落组成对欧洲莱姆病发生的影响，该框架为在大陆层面追踪莱姆病提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Genomic epidemiology and phylogeographic reconstruction of West Nile virus 2 in Italy from 2011 to 2023 2011 - 2023年意大利西尼罗病毒2型的基因组流行病学和系统地理重建

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

One Health

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101310

Carla della Ventura , Maya Carrera , Francesco Defilippo , Davide Lelli , Chiara Nogarol , Maria Lucia Mandola , Alessia Lai , Annalisa Bergna , Francesca Moroni , Ana Moreno , Gianguglielmo Zehender

Since its introduction to Europe in 2004, West Nile Virus Lineage 2 (WNV-2) has become endemic, with Italy reporting the highest number of cases each season. In 2022, WNV infections in Italy exceeded those recorded during the major 2018 outbreak—the largest ever reported in Europe. This study investigates the genomic epidemiology of WNV during the 2022 and 2023 transmission seasons.

We analyzed 123 environmental samples from wild birds and mosquito pools collected between May and October 2022–2023 in northwestern Italy. All but one sample belonged to Lineage 2; lineage 1 was detected in two bird samples, with one showing co-infection. A total of 98 complete genomes were sequenced.

Phylogeographic reconstruction indicated the origin of the main European clade in Hungary in 2004, with introduction into Italy between 2009 and 2010. Most Italian genomes clustered within a single highly supported subclade, with one sampled in the Marche region in 2011 as the outgroup. Continuous phylogeographic analysis suggested the Italian WNV-2 clade originated in 2009 in the area between Emilia-Romagna and Lombardy, followed by east-west spread during 2022–2023.

Several mutations were identified, including F49L in the NS2A gene linked to neuronal tropism, and M184V in the NS4B gene, associated with increased pathogenicity.

Our results highlight how integrated genomic surveillance of WNV, combining whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses to environmental samples, can support One Health approaches for early detection and risk assessment of arboviral transmission.

自2004年传入欧洲以来，西尼罗病毒2系（WNV-2）已成为地方性流行病，意大利报告的每个季节病例数最多。2022年，意大利的西尼罗河病毒感染人数超过了2018年主要疫情期间记录的人数，这是欧洲有史以来报告的最多的一次。本研究调查了2022年和2023年传播季节西尼罗河病毒的基因组流行病学。我们分析了2022-2023年5月至10月在意大利西北部收集的123份野生鸟类和蚊子池环境样本。除了一个样本外，所有样本都属于《天堂2》；在两个鸟类样本中检测到1型谱系，其中一个显示共感染。共测序了98个完整基因组。系统地理学重建表明，主要的欧洲分支起源于2004年的匈牙利，并在2009年至2010年之间引入意大利。大多数意大利人的基因组聚集在一个高度支持的亚支系中，2011年在马尔凯地区采样的一个亚支系是外支系。连续的系统地理学分析表明，意大利WNV-2进化支起源于2009年的艾米利亚-罗马涅和伦巴第之间的地区，随后在2022-2023年间向东传播。研究发现了几种突变，包括与神经元倾向相关的NS2A基因中的F49L，以及与致病性增加相关的NS4B基因中的M184V。我们的研究结果强调了西尼罗河病毒的综合基因组监测，结合全基因组测序和环境样本的系统发育分析，可以支持One Health早期发现和风险评估虫媒病毒传播的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of women related to human and animal feces management in Ethiopia: Evidence for strengthening water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) initiatives 埃塞俄比亚妇女与人类和动物粪便管理相关的知识、态度和做法：加强水、环境卫生和个人卫生（WaSH）倡议的证据

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

One Health

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101311

Birhanu Hadush , Chaltu Fikru , Girma Kebede , Syum Guesh , Enquebaher Kassaye , Getachew Redae , Kebede Amenu , Lisa Cavalerie , Siobhan M. Mor

Background

Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) programs aim to prevent feco-oral disease transmission, but their effectiveness in low- and middle-income countries is often compromised by frequent exposure to animal feces. In Ethiopia, national initiatives such as the Health Extension Program and Community-Led Total Sanitation and Hygiene program have expanded WaSH coverage but do not currently address animal-associated risks. This study investigated knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to human and animal feces management in Butajira, Gilgel Gibe, and Kilite Awlaelo Health and Demographic Surveillance Sites (HDSS) in Ethiopia.

Methods

A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted through random sampling of households in selected kebeles across the three HDSS sites. Eligible households owned up to 60 livestock, including at least one head of cattle. Adult women (n = 1129) were interviewed using a structured questionnaire on WaSH and livestock husbandry, including manure management. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise practices across sites.

Results

The median age of participants ranged from 35 to 45 years, with female-headed households most frequent in Butajira (42.2 %). Literacy levels were lowest in Gilgel Gibe (64.1 % illiteracy). Most households accessed improved water sources, though unimproved sources were important in Gilgel Gibe (16.3 %). Improved toilet facilities were most common in Gilgel Gibe (61 %). At least 79 % of respondents reported handwashing after toilet use, with moderate soap use (>73 %). Manure management was primarily the responsibility of adult women (>74 %), often using bare hands. Handwashing with soap after manure handling was common in Kilite Awlaelo (>97 %) but lower in Butajira (86.3 %) and Gilgel Gibe (74.8 %). Awareness of health risks from animal manure was lower than for human feces, especially in Gilgel Gibe (70 %) and Butajira (53.2 %). Similarly, awareness of the benefits of composting or drying manure to prevent germ spread was lower in these sites.

Conclusions

Despite high awareness of WaSH-related risks, critical gaps exist in understanding manure-associated health risks, particularly in Butajira and Gilgel Gibe. Targeted interventions are needed to raise awareness and improve manure management, especially among women.

地下水、环境卫生和个人卫生（WaSH）项目旨在预防粪口疾病的传播，但这些项目在低收入和中等收入国家的有效性往往受到频繁接触动物粪便的影响。在埃塞俄比亚，健康推广计划和社区主导的全面环境卫生和个人卫生计划等国家举措扩大了讲卫生的覆盖面，但目前还没有解决与动物有关的风险。本研究调查了埃塞俄比亚Butajira、Gilgel Gibe和Kilite Awlaelo健康和人口监测点（HDSS）与人类和动物粪便管理相关的知识、态度和做法。方法采用基于社区的横断面研究，在三个HDSS站点的选定kebeles进行随机抽样。符合条件的家庭拥有最多60头牲畜，包括至少一头牛。使用结构化问卷对成年妇女（n = 1129）进行了关于WaSH和畜牧业（包括粪便管理）的访谈。描述性统计用于总结各站点的实践。结果调查对象年龄中位数为35 ~ 45岁，其中以女户主家庭居多（42.2%）。Gilgel Gibe的识字率最低（64.1%）。大多数家庭获得了改善的水源，尽管未改善的水源在Gilgel Gibe很重要（16.3%）。改善厕所设施在Gilgel Gibe最为普遍（61%）。至少79%的答复者报告如厕后洗手，并适度使用肥皂（73%）。粪肥管理主要由成年妇女（74%）负责，她们常常赤手空投。处理粪便后用肥皂洗手在Kilite Awlaelo（97%）很常见，但在Butajira（86.3%）和Gilgel Gibe（74.8%）较低。动物粪便对健康风险的认识低于人类粪便，特别是在Gilgel Gibe（70%）和Butajira（53.2%）。同样，在这些地点，人们对堆肥或干燥粪便防止细菌传播的好处的认识也较低。结论：尽管人们高度认识到与wash相关的风险，但在了解与粪便相关的健康风险方面存在严重差距，特别是在Butajira和Gilgel Gibe。需要采取有针对性的干预措施，以提高认识并改善粪便管理，特别是在妇女中。

{"title":"Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of women related to human and animal feces management in Ethiopia: Evidence for strengthening water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) initiatives","authors":"Birhanu Hadush , Chaltu Fikru , Girma Kebede , Syum Guesh , Enquebaher Kassaye , Getachew Redae , Kebede Amenu , Lisa Cavalerie , Siobhan M. Mor","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) programs aim to prevent feco-oral disease transmission, but their effectiveness in low- and middle-income countries is often compromised by frequent exposure to animal feces. In Ethiopia, national initiatives such as the Health Extension Program and Community-Led Total Sanitation and Hygiene program have expanded WaSH coverage but do not currently address animal-associated risks. This study investigated knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to human and animal feces management in Butajira, Gilgel Gibe, and Kilite Awlaelo Health and Demographic Surveillance Sites (HDSS) in Ethiopia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted through random sampling of households in selected kebeles across the three HDSS sites. Eligible households owned up to 60 livestock, including at least one head of cattle. Adult women (<em>n</em> = 1129) were interviewed using a structured questionnaire on WaSH and livestock husbandry, including manure management. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise practices across sites.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The median age of participants ranged from 35 to 45 years, with female-headed households most frequent in Butajira (42.2 %). Literacy levels were lowest in Gilgel Gibe (64.1 % illiteracy). Most households accessed improved water sources, though unimproved sources were important in Gilgel Gibe (16.3 %). Improved toilet facilities were most common in Gilgel Gibe (61 %). At least 79 % of respondents reported handwashing after toilet use, with moderate soap use (>73 %). Manure management was primarily the responsibility of adult women (>74 %), often using bare hands. Handwashing with soap after manure handling was common in Kilite Awlaelo (>97 %) but lower in Butajira (86.3 %) and Gilgel Gibe (74.8 %). Awareness of health risks from animal manure was lower than for human feces, especially in Gilgel Gibe (70 %) and Butajira (53.2 %). Similarly, awareness of the benefits of composting or drying manure to prevent germ spread was lower in these sites.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Despite high awareness of WaSH-related risks, critical gaps exist in understanding manure-associated health risks, particularly in Butajira and Gilgel Gibe. Targeted interventions are needed to raise awareness and improve manure management, especially among women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101311"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genetic diversity and occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes from community wastewater in Dhaka and Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh 孟加拉国达卡和考克斯巴扎尔社区废水中抗生素耐药基因的遗传多样性和发生情况

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

One Health

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101301

Akash Saha , Rashedul Hasan , Jenifar Quaiyum Ami , Md Mahmudul Hasan , Nuhu Amin , Rehnuma Haque , Mahbubur Rahman , Farjana Jahan , Rezaul Hasan , Pengbo Liu , Christine L. Moe , Mohammad Enayet Hossain , Mohammed Ziaur Rahman

Objectives

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), one of the key drivers of the growing antibiotic resistance, present a formidable public health concern. Wastewater may act as a key repository for both antibiotic-resistant bacteria and ARGs, facilitating their transfer across microbial communities. Given the limited knowledge of clinically relevant ARGs in community wastewater of Bangladesh, this study explored the genetic diversity and occurrence of ARGs from community wastewater discharges using a culture-independent approach.

Methods

Wastewater samples (n = 70) were collected from different sites in Dhaka and Cox's Bazar between April and May 2023. These samples underwent Nanotrap®-based culture-independent microbial concentration, followed by nucleic acid extraction and purification. Nine clinically important ARGs (blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaKPC, blaNDM, blaOXA, mcr-1, tolC, and acrA) were detected using uniplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by Sanger sequencing. Bioinformatic analyses further explored the genetic diversity of the ARGs, as well as mutational analysis and molecular docking of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC).

Results

blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaOXA, tolC, and acrA were the most frequently detected ARGs (90 % each), followed by blaNDM (85.7 %), blaKPC (84.3 %), blaSHV (77.1 %), and mcr-1 (52.9 %). The frequency of all ARGs was higher in Cox's Bazar compared to Dhaka, except for mcr-1. Co-occurrences of all nine ARGs were observed in 47.1 % of samples. Mutational analysis of KPC revealed unique missense mutations, and further docking demonstrated altered binding affinities and interactions between KPC-2 mutants and β-lactam antibiotics.

Conclusion

Our study provides the baseline data of clinically significant ARGs in local community wastewater in Bangladesh, reflecting the need for further surveillance to identify hotspots and guide antibiotic stewardship and wastewater management policies.

目的抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）是抗生素耐药性增长的关键驱动因素之一，是一个令人担忧的公共卫生问题。废水可以作为耐药细菌和ARGs的关键储存库，促进它们在微生物群落之间的转移。鉴于孟加拉国社区废水中临床相关ARGs的知识有限，本研究采用非培养方法探讨了社区废水排放中ARGs的遗传多样性和发生情况。方法于2023年4 - 5月在达卡和考克斯巴扎尔不同地点采集污水样本70份。这些样品经过Nanotrap®培养独立的微生物浓度，然后核酸提取和纯化。采用单链聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测9种临床重要ARGs (blaTEM、blaCTX-M、blaSHV、blaKPC、blaNDM、blaOXA、mcr-1、tolC和acrA)，然后进行Sanger测序。生物信息学分析进一步探索了ARGs的遗传多样性，并对肺炎克雷伯菌碳青霉烯酶（KPC）进行了突变分析和分子对接。结果bladem、blaCTX-M、blaOXA、tolC和acrA是最常检出的ARGs（各占90%），其次是blaNDM（85.7%）、blaKPC（84.3%）、blaSHV（77.1%）和mcr-1（52.9%）。除mcr-1外，考克斯巴扎尔所有arg的发生频率均高于达卡。在47.1%的样本中观察到所有9种ARGs的共同出现。KPC的突变分析揭示了独特的错义突变，进一步对接表明KPC-2突变体与β-内酰胺类抗生素的结合亲和力和相互作用发生了改变。结论本研究提供了孟加拉国当地社区废水中具有临床意义的ARGs的基线数据，反映了进一步监测以确定热点并指导抗生素管理和废水管理政策的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Invasive alien mammals pose zoonotic risks to human health in Europe 外来入侵哺乳动物对欧洲人类健康构成人畜共患风险

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

One Health

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101307

Paola Monguilod , Belinda Gallardo

The rise in zoonotic diseases is accelerating, with climate change expected to further intensify this trend. Invasive Alien Species (IAS) play an important role in the emergence and spread of zoonotic diseases by introducing both existing and novel pathogens to the regions they invade. Despite this, research on the role of IAS in spreading zoonotic diseases remains limited. Our study investigated the zoonotic risks posed by eight invasive mammal species prioritized for management in Europe. On average, each species was found to transmit 16 pathogens capable of causing severe diseases in humans, including Echinococcosis, Leptospirosis, Lyme neuroborreliosis, and Encephalitis.

We identified central and western Europe as significant disease hotspots. Climate change is facilitating the expansion of IAS into new areas, as warmer temperatures make previously inhospitable regions suitable. Future projections indicate a northeastward shift in their suitability by 2050. These changes vary by species, with the Siberian chipmunk losing up to 45 % of its suitability, while the gray squirrel could see a 26 % increase under a high-emissions scenario.

Finally, we found that 71 % of the human population lives in areas highly suitable for IAS establishment. Our findings underscore the health risks associated with IAS and highlight the need for further research into their role in disease dynamics. Addressing this issue is essential for developing effective public health strategies and mitigating future zoonotic disease outbreaks.

人畜共患疾病的增加正在加速，预计气候变化将进一步加剧这一趋势。外来入侵物种（IAS）通过将现有的和新的病原体引入它们所入侵的地区，在人畜共患疾病的出现和传播中发挥重要作用。尽管如此，关于IAS在人畜共患疾病传播中的作用的研究仍然有限。本研究调查了欧洲优先管理的8种入侵哺乳动物所带来的人畜共患病风险。平均而言，每个物种被发现传播16种能够引起人类严重疾病的病原体，包括棘球蚴病、钩端螺旋体病、莱姆病神经螺旋体病和脑炎。我们确定中欧和西欧是重要的疾病热点。气候变化正在促进IAS扩展到新的领域，因为温度升高使以前不适宜居住的地区变得适宜。未来的预测表明，到2050年，它们的适宜性将向东北转移。这些变化因物种而异，西伯利亚花栗鼠失去了高达45%的适宜性，而在高排放情景下，灰松鼠的适宜性可能会增加26%。最后，我们发现71%的人口生活在非常适合建立IAS的地区。我们的研究结果强调了与IAS相关的健康风险，并强调需要进一步研究它们在疾病动态中的作用。解决这一问题对于制定有效的公共卫生战略和减轻未来人畜共患疾病暴发至关重要。

{"title":"Invasive alien mammals pose zoonotic risks to human health in Europe","authors":"Paola Monguilod , Belinda Gallardo","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rise in zoonotic diseases is accelerating, with climate change expected to further intensify this trend. Invasive Alien Species (IAS) play an important role in the emergence and spread of zoonotic diseases by introducing both existing and novel pathogens to the regions they invade. Despite this, research on the role of IAS in spreading zoonotic diseases remains limited. Our study investigated the zoonotic risks posed by eight invasive mammal species prioritized for management in Europe. On average, each species was found to transmit 16 pathogens capable of causing severe diseases in humans, including Echinococcosis, Leptospirosis, Lyme neuroborreliosis, and Encephalitis.</div><div>We identified central and western Europe as significant disease hotspots. Climate change is facilitating the expansion of IAS into new areas, as warmer temperatures make previously inhospitable regions suitable. Future projections indicate a northeastward shift in their suitability by 2050. These changes vary by species, with the Siberian chipmunk losing up to 45 % of its suitability, while the gray squirrel could see a 26 % increase under a high-emissions scenario.</div><div>Finally, we found that 71 % of the human population lives in areas highly suitable for IAS establishment. Our findings underscore the health risks associated with IAS and highlight the need for further research into their role in disease dynamics. Addressing this issue is essential for developing effective public health strategies and mitigating future zoonotic disease outbreaks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101307"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0