Pub Date : 2019-04-03DOI: 10.15406/oajs.2019.03.00134
Mohit K. Sharma
In a cosmic object having molecules, kinetic temperature in general is very low; few tens of Kelvin. Thus, one is concerned with the rotational levels in the ground vibrational state and ground electronic state. The rotational and centrifugal distortion constants, electric dipole moment can be used for calculation of energies of rotational levels and radiative transition probabilities (Einstein A-coefficients) for radiative transitions between the levels. We have investigated some molecules where laboratory data are available and for the same molecules we have obtained the data with the help of GAUSSIAN also. We have found that for some molecules, the two sets of data are in good agreement whereas for some molecules, they differ very much. As the laboratory data are the most reliable, one would like to use the GAUSSIAN data only in absence of the laboratory data. Thus, an obvious question arises how to decide the reliability of GAUSSIAN data. We are aware of the fact that the frequencies of spectral lines obtained from the GAUSSIAN data are not as accurate as required by the astronomers. However, the GAUSSIAN data can play important role in getting qualitative results about a molecule. We could not succeed in running the CCSD and CCSD (T) methods for the GAUSSIAN, as the computer program broke down each time during the execution. Therefore, we have employed the functional B3LYP method, i.e., Becke’s three parameter exchange function B3 (Becke1) with Lee, Yang and Parr’s gradient corrected exchangecorrelation functional.2
{"title":"Some observations about quantum chemistry software GAUSSIAN","authors":"Mohit K. Sharma","doi":"10.15406/oajs.2019.03.00134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2019.03.00134","url":null,"abstract":"In a cosmic object having molecules, kinetic temperature in general is very low; few tens of Kelvin. Thus, one is concerned with the rotational levels in the ground vibrational state and ground electronic state. The rotational and centrifugal distortion constants, electric dipole moment can be used for calculation of energies of rotational levels and radiative transition probabilities (Einstein A-coefficients) for radiative transitions between the levels. We have investigated some molecules where laboratory data are available and for the same molecules we have obtained the data with the help of GAUSSIAN also. We have found that for some molecules, the two sets of data are in good agreement whereas for some molecules, they differ very much. As the laboratory data are the most reliable, one would like to use the GAUSSIAN data only in absence of the laboratory data. Thus, an obvious question arises how to decide the reliability of GAUSSIAN data. We are aware of the fact that the frequencies of spectral lines obtained from the GAUSSIAN data are not as accurate as required by the astronomers. However, the GAUSSIAN data can play important role in getting qualitative results about a molecule. We could not succeed in running the CCSD and CCSD (T) methods for the GAUSSIAN, as the computer program broke down each time during the execution. Therefore, we have employed the functional B3LYP method, i.e., Becke’s three parameter exchange function B3 (Becke1) with Lee, Yang and Parr’s gradient corrected exchangecorrelation functional.2","PeriodicalId":19581,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84902059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.15406/oajs.2019.03.00133
Hafiz Muhammad Noman Ajmal, M. Qadir
Body temperature is defined as the ability of our body to generate heat. Our body maintains its temperature within a moderate range even the outer temperature of environment is change. Like when we are feeling too hot, our body starts sweating to maintain its temperature within optimum range and the evaporation of sweat cools our body.5 When we feel too cold, the surface area of our blood vessels reduced to save heat by decreasing blood flow. We start shivering and by trembling of muscles our body generate more heat. Normal temperature of human body is 98.6°F or 37°C. It is an average body temperature and it may be above or below 1°F or 0.6°C depending upon the activity of body. Thermometer is a device used to measure body temperature either in Fahrenheit (°F) or degree Celsius (°C). We can measure body temperature from different parts of our body like armpit, mouth, the ear and the forehead.6 To take temperature reading from rectum is the most accurate way of measuring body temperature. If body temperature is less than the normal body temperature, this condition is said to be hypothermia. There are different reasons of hypothermia like being out in cold or excessive use of alcohol and some disorders like low thyroid. If body temperature is more than normal body temperature, this condition is known as fever or heatstroke. When heatstroke occurs human body fails to control its temperature within normal range and the temperature of the body keep rising. Heatstroke is deadly even it cause dehydration and the organs of body stop working. We need special medical treatment whenever we face this conditions.7–9
{"title":"Relation of normal body temperature with cheek dimples","authors":"Hafiz Muhammad Noman Ajmal, M. Qadir","doi":"10.15406/oajs.2019.03.00133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2019.03.00133","url":null,"abstract":"Body temperature is defined as the ability of our body to generate heat. Our body maintains its temperature within a moderate range even the outer temperature of environment is change. Like when we are feeling too hot, our body starts sweating to maintain its temperature within optimum range and the evaporation of sweat cools our body.5 When we feel too cold, the surface area of our blood vessels reduced to save heat by decreasing blood flow. We start shivering and by trembling of muscles our body generate more heat. Normal temperature of human body is 98.6°F or 37°C. It is an average body temperature and it may be above or below 1°F or 0.6°C depending upon the activity of body. Thermometer is a device used to measure body temperature either in Fahrenheit (°F) or degree Celsius (°C). We can measure body temperature from different parts of our body like armpit, mouth, the ear and the forehead.6 To take temperature reading from rectum is the most accurate way of measuring body temperature. If body temperature is less than the normal body temperature, this condition is said to be hypothermia. There are different reasons of hypothermia like being out in cold or excessive use of alcohol and some disorders like low thyroid. If body temperature is more than normal body temperature, this condition is known as fever or heatstroke. When heatstroke occurs human body fails to control its temperature within normal range and the temperature of the body keep rising. Heatstroke is deadly even it cause dehydration and the organs of body stop working. We need special medical treatment whenever we face this conditions.7–9","PeriodicalId":19581,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75746828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-29DOI: 10.15406/oajs.2019.03.00132
Pritee Chunarkar Patil, Tanisha Batra
Virtual reality (VR) is an influencing cyberknowledge subject, occurring within an imitated environment that integrates mainly auditory and visual, but also additional kinds of sensory feedbacks. Virtual Reality linked topics play a main role in several research areas. Bioinformatics generally deals with biological macromolecules, the nominal creatures of existence; thus, visualization displays a main part in the study. The use of stereoscopic interpretation has remained for an extended time for envisioning molecular structures, coming reverse for the former buildup of VR equipment’s was done before the CAVE was designed and Head-Mounted Displays (HMD) were available at a reasonable price. Generated by the accomplishment of novel, current HMDs like Oculus Rift as well as HTC Vive, Virtual Reality contains lately regained countless interest. Contrarily, a novel manufacture of significant “computational microscopes” has been recognized, for instance the CAVE2, producing outsized, just about 360 degree-spanning visualization services. Furthermore, in the earlier period these approaches were restricted to cost-intensive proficient visualization services. The arrival of fresh reasonably priced, and frequent mobile technologies, provides elevated probable for using related approaches on a regular basis for every day research. Visual Analytics is productively being used for numerous years to examine complex and heterogeneous datasets. Immersive Analytics combines these approaches now with new immersive and interactive technologies.1–3
{"title":"Virtual reality in bioinformatics","authors":"Pritee Chunarkar Patil, Tanisha Batra","doi":"10.15406/oajs.2019.03.00132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2019.03.00132","url":null,"abstract":"Virtual reality (VR) is an influencing cyberknowledge subject, occurring within an imitated environment that integrates mainly auditory and visual, but also additional kinds of sensory feedbacks. Virtual Reality linked topics play a main role in several research areas. Bioinformatics generally deals with biological macromolecules, the nominal creatures of existence; thus, visualization displays a main part in the study. The use of stereoscopic interpretation has remained for an extended time for envisioning molecular structures, coming reverse for the former buildup of VR equipment’s was done before the CAVE was designed and Head-Mounted Displays (HMD) were available at a reasonable price. Generated by the accomplishment of novel, current HMDs like Oculus Rift as well as HTC Vive, Virtual Reality contains lately regained countless interest. Contrarily, a novel manufacture of significant “computational microscopes” has been recognized, for instance the CAVE2, producing outsized, just about 360 degree-spanning visualization services. Furthermore, in the earlier period these approaches were restricted to cost-intensive proficient visualization services. The arrival of fresh reasonably priced, and frequent mobile technologies, provides elevated probable for using related approaches on a regular basis for every day research. Visual Analytics is productively being used for numerous years to examine complex and heterogeneous datasets. Immersive Analytics combines these approaches now with new immersive and interactive technologies.1–3","PeriodicalId":19581,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84119064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-28DOI: 10.15406/oajs.2019.03.00131
A. Ishaq, M. Qadir
Blood group is actually classification of blood types that is based on presence of absence of antigens or antibodies. Humans have 4 major blood groups. For example A blood group, B blood group, AB blood group and O blood group. Parents transfer the genes to their children which decide the blood group. Each parent can donate one allele to child. Child can also have different blood group than parents in case when both parents have B blood group then they can produce the child having either B or O blood group. Other condition is when one parent has A and other has AB blood group then they can produce the child having A,B or AB blood group. Antigens ‘A’ and anti-B antibodies are present in A blood group. Antigens ‘B’ and anti-A antibodies are present in A blood group. ‘A’ and ‘B’ antigens are present in AB blood group but it has no antibodies. No antigens are present in O blood group but has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies. O is common among all blood groups. Receiving wrong blood group from donor can be life threatening.1 Blood groups are further characterized by presence or absence of RhD antigen. Red blood cells have this antigen on their surface. Blood group is positive if RBCs have this antigen and blood group is negative if RBCs do not have this antigen. In this way, total 8 blood groups are present. These are A+ blood group, Ablood group, B+ blood group, Bblood group, AB+ blood group, ABblood group, O+ blood group and Oblood group. From these, Ocan be given to anyone when required blood group is not immediately available.2 Hair can grow with different rates at different places of head. Follicles of hair do not depend on each other. They behave independently. For example in one case, when a person’s hair start to fall then he may lose all hair simultaneously. In other case the person’s hair may start to appear gray. The position of follicles actually determine their behavior. Some outer factors also affect their behavior. Average rate of growth of hair is 1.5 inches in one month. Male’s hair grow faster than female because of testosterone. Hair growth also depends on age for example in old age follicles stop growing that is why hair becomes thin. The hair growth completes in 3 cycles. When cycle is complete then it stops and a new strand of hair begins to form. This cycle completes in different time for different people that is why they have different hair growth rate. Different hair colors and follicle shapes also affect the timing of cycle thus People do not have same rates for growth of hair. Materials and methods
{"title":"How does hair growth change with blood group?","authors":"A. Ishaq, M. Qadir","doi":"10.15406/oajs.2019.03.00131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2019.03.00131","url":null,"abstract":"Blood group is actually classification of blood types that is based on presence of absence of antigens or antibodies. Humans have 4 major blood groups. For example A blood group, B blood group, AB blood group and O blood group. Parents transfer the genes to their children which decide the blood group. Each parent can donate one allele to child. Child can also have different blood group than parents in case when both parents have B blood group then they can produce the child having either B or O blood group. Other condition is when one parent has A and other has AB blood group then they can produce the child having A,B or AB blood group. Antigens ‘A’ and anti-B antibodies are present in A blood group. Antigens ‘B’ and anti-A antibodies are present in A blood group. ‘A’ and ‘B’ antigens are present in AB blood group but it has no antibodies. No antigens are present in O blood group but has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies. O is common among all blood groups. Receiving wrong blood group from donor can be life threatening.1 Blood groups are further characterized by presence or absence of RhD antigen. Red blood cells have this antigen on their surface. Blood group is positive if RBCs have this antigen and blood group is negative if RBCs do not have this antigen. In this way, total 8 blood groups are present. These are A+ blood group, Ablood group, B+ blood group, Bblood group, AB+ blood group, ABblood group, O+ blood group and Oblood group. From these, Ocan be given to anyone when required blood group is not immediately available.2 Hair can grow with different rates at different places of head. Follicles of hair do not depend on each other. They behave independently. For example in one case, when a person’s hair start to fall then he may lose all hair simultaneously. In other case the person’s hair may start to appear gray. The position of follicles actually determine their behavior. Some outer factors also affect their behavior. Average rate of growth of hair is 1.5 inches in one month. Male’s hair grow faster than female because of testosterone. Hair growth also depends on age for example in old age follicles stop growing that is why hair becomes thin. The hair growth completes in 3 cycles. When cycle is complete then it stops and a new strand of hair begins to form. This cycle completes in different time for different people that is why they have different hair growth rate. Different hair colors and follicle shapes also affect the timing of cycle thus People do not have same rates for growth of hair. Materials and methods","PeriodicalId":19581,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83160176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-26DOI: 10.15406/oajs.2019.03.00130
J. Oliveira
This article has been postponed by almost a decade, for reasons that are beside the point. The time has come to get on with the task at hand and some words definitely need to be said about somebody I met in Bulgaria in the autumn of 2009. I was in the second half of my forties and decided to roam across the Balkans according to no established plan; a chain of events hard to explain led me to Rila, Bulgaria’s most famous monastery, where I stayed a couple of days as a guest. After one of the ceremonies I had the opportunity to attend – during which poetry, music and visual arts praised the Creator in perfect Bizantine unity –, a man in the middle of his thirties visibly wanted to speak to me. And so he did. Olivier was his name and French his nationality, notwithstanding a Bulgarian background. His Bulgarian grandfather was still alive, and that was one of the reasons why he was there, at that time, in that ex-communist country. Devoted both to communism and to atheism (which is its corollary), Olivier’s parents did their best to keep him away from religion. During three decades or so, they were extremely successful in convincing their child that mater was the only thing that really mattered, and that the only immaterial being to be worship was the State – almighty entity revealed by Danton, Marx, Lenin, Stalin, Guevara, Pol Pot and other “prophets” of the Revolution. In their bringing about the “socialist paradise”, what they really did was to establish hell on earth, provoking the death of more than 150 million people; in the eastern side of the Iron Curtain alone, communism claimed the lives of no less than one million people – never forgetting that “Communism is fascism, without fascism’s ability to make the trains run on time”.1
{"title":"A word about somebody I met in Bulgaria (from the primacy of matter over spirituality to the primacy of spirituality over matter)","authors":"J. Oliveira","doi":"10.15406/oajs.2019.03.00130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2019.03.00130","url":null,"abstract":"This article has been postponed by almost a decade, for reasons that are beside the point. The time has come to get on with the task at hand and some words definitely need to be said about somebody I met in Bulgaria in the autumn of 2009. I was in the second half of my forties and decided to roam across the Balkans according to no established plan; a chain of events hard to explain led me to Rila, Bulgaria’s most famous monastery, where I stayed a couple of days as a guest. After one of the ceremonies I had the opportunity to attend – during which poetry, music and visual arts praised the Creator in perfect Bizantine unity –, a man in the middle of his thirties visibly wanted to speak to me. And so he did. Olivier was his name and French his nationality, notwithstanding a Bulgarian background. His Bulgarian grandfather was still alive, and that was one of the reasons why he was there, at that time, in that ex-communist country. Devoted both to communism and to atheism (which is its corollary), Olivier’s parents did their best to keep him away from religion. During three decades or so, they were extremely successful in convincing their child that mater was the only thing that really mattered, and that the only immaterial being to be worship was the State – almighty entity revealed by Danton, Marx, Lenin, Stalin, Guevara, Pol Pot and other “prophets” of the Revolution. In their bringing about the “socialist paradise”, what they really did was to establish hell on earth, provoking the death of more than 150 million people; in the eastern side of the Iron Curtain alone, communism claimed the lives of no less than one million people – never forgetting that “Communism is fascism, without fascism’s ability to make the trains run on time”.1","PeriodicalId":19581,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science","volume":"84 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83432178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-15DOI: 10.15406/oajs.2019.03.00129
Msa El Marazky, F. S. Mohammad, H. Al-Ghobari
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is currently 121% selfsufficient in potatoes.1 In 2010, the country’s potato crop encompassed a land area of 6,941 ha, with production of approximately 176,077 tons.2 The successful irrigation of potato requires an understanding of both irrigation and scheduling methods, as a regular water supply is needed to secure high yields.3 Potato is often considered to be a highwater-use crop,4 with yield quantity greatly influenced by the amount of applied water.5,6 In agriculture, quantifying evapotranspiration (ET) is essential for effective irrigation management.7 In the KSA, water requirements for potato crops average around 590 mm and 710 mm in the autumn and spring seasons, respectively.8 In eastern Saudi Arabia, Al-Omran and Shelby9 estimated the total crop water requirement of potatoes to be approximately 520 mm, whereas Al-Ghobari10 calculated a water requirement of 416 mm for the winter season in Najran. In contrast, Wright and Stark reported seasonal water consumption values in irrigated areas of Oregon and Washington between 640 mm and 700 mm, demonstrating the variation that exists in water use depending on factors such as environment, season, and rate of crop growth. Lysimeter is generally consider as the criterion system for estimating crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and crop coefficients (Kc); as such, measurements of the water requirements of potato crops can be attained using lysimeters, which provide more reliable measurements of ETc that, in turn, allows for more precise estimates of irrigation water depths.11,12 ETc measurements are used for different crops grown in Saudi Arabia,13,14 and a standardized reference ET approach is commonly used to determine daily reference ET.15 The crop coefficient varies through the course of the growing season, depending on the growth stage of the crop.16
{"title":"Impact of water requirement on yield productivity of potato crop using lysimeters under arid climate","authors":"Msa El Marazky, F. S. Mohammad, H. Al-Ghobari","doi":"10.15406/oajs.2019.03.00129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2019.03.00129","url":null,"abstract":"The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is currently 121% selfsufficient in potatoes.1 In 2010, the country’s potato crop encompassed a land area of 6,941 ha, with production of approximately 176,077 tons.2 The successful irrigation of potato requires an understanding of both irrigation and scheduling methods, as a regular water supply is needed to secure high yields.3 Potato is often considered to be a highwater-use crop,4 with yield quantity greatly influenced by the amount of applied water.5,6 In agriculture, quantifying evapotranspiration (ET) is essential for effective irrigation management.7 In the KSA, water requirements for potato crops average around 590 mm and 710 mm in the autumn and spring seasons, respectively.8 In eastern Saudi Arabia, Al-Omran and Shelby9 estimated the total crop water requirement of potatoes to be approximately 520 mm, whereas Al-Ghobari10 calculated a water requirement of 416 mm for the winter season in Najran. In contrast, Wright and Stark reported seasonal water consumption values in irrigated areas of Oregon and Washington between 640 mm and 700 mm, demonstrating the variation that exists in water use depending on factors such as environment, season, and rate of crop growth. Lysimeter is generally consider as the criterion system for estimating crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and crop coefficients (Kc); as such, measurements of the water requirements of potato crops can be attained using lysimeters, which provide more reliable measurements of ETc that, in turn, allows for more precise estimates of irrigation water depths.11,12 ETc measurements are used for different crops grown in Saudi Arabia,13,14 and a standardized reference ET approach is commonly used to determine daily reference ET.15 The crop coefficient varies through the course of the growing season, depending on the growth stage of the crop.16","PeriodicalId":19581,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78993271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-25DOI: 10.15406/oajs.2019.03.00127
Rajput Rl
youths prefer to do minimum wage jobs rather than doing agriculture. If this situation persists in the future, it will be a herculean task to maintain country’s food security. “Agriculture is the backbone of our country”, more than 50% of labour force are engaged in agriculture and in order to retain the backbone straight, timely, convenient measures need to implement to foster towards food security.1 Land under agriculture is declining due to several socioeconomic and natural causes. In this context the R & D of our country have to give timely emphasis for raising agriculture productivity through hi-tech and modern technologies. And who else better than youths can adopt and apply hi-tech and modern technologies? India blessed to have so many capable youngsters in a place which is full of opportunities. This is our greatest asset. Young mind are creative and youth is capable of achieving seemingly impossible task. United Nation defined youth age group as 15-25, but in India, youth is in the age group of 13-35 years2 which constitute 46% of the total population of the country. Knowing the vitality of rural youth in a youthful country, especially for the purpose of agricultural development from the point of view of Indias food security, the apex body ICAR begins on a program on “Attracting and Retaining Youth in Agriculture” (ARYA). The objectives of ARYA are (i) To captivate and accredit the Youth in Rural Areas to take up different Agriculture, allied and service sector enterprises for sustainable income and gainful employment in selected districts, (ii) to set up a conglomeration by creating groups for secondary agriculture such as value addition, processing and trading (iii) to show various linkages with various sectors and stakeholders available under various schemes/program for sustainable development of youth. ARYA project will focus into the area of apiary, mushroom, seed Processing, soil testing, poultry, dairy, goatry, carp-hatchery, vermin-compost etc. Rural youths will be identified for their skill development in entrepreneurial activities. The purpose is to establish economic models for youth in the villages so that youth get attracted in agriculture and overall rural situation is improved. Skill development of rural youths will help in additional employment opportunities in rural areas.
{"title":"Motivational factors for attracting and retaining youths in agriculture through new ventures of agro-skills","authors":"Rajput Rl","doi":"10.15406/oajs.2019.03.00127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2019.03.00127","url":null,"abstract":"youths prefer to do minimum wage jobs rather than doing agriculture. If this situation persists in the future, it will be a herculean task to maintain country’s food security. “Agriculture is the backbone of our country”, more than 50% of labour force are engaged in agriculture and in order to retain the backbone straight, timely, convenient measures need to implement to foster towards food security.1 Land under agriculture is declining due to several socioeconomic and natural causes. In this context the R & D of our country have to give timely emphasis for raising agriculture productivity through hi-tech and modern technologies. And who else better than youths can adopt and apply hi-tech and modern technologies? India blessed to have so many capable youngsters in a place which is full of opportunities. This is our greatest asset. Young mind are creative and youth is capable of achieving seemingly impossible task. United Nation defined youth age group as 15-25, but in India, youth is in the age group of 13-35 years2 which constitute 46% of the total population of the country. Knowing the vitality of rural youth in a youthful country, especially for the purpose of agricultural development from the point of view of Indias food security, the apex body ICAR begins on a program on “Attracting and Retaining Youth in Agriculture” (ARYA). The objectives of ARYA are (i) To captivate and accredit the Youth in Rural Areas to take up different Agriculture, allied and service sector enterprises for sustainable income and gainful employment in selected districts, (ii) to set up a conglomeration by creating groups for secondary agriculture such as value addition, processing and trading (iii) to show various linkages with various sectors and stakeholders available under various schemes/program for sustainable development of youth. ARYA project will focus into the area of apiary, mushroom, seed Processing, soil testing, poultry, dairy, goatry, carp-hatchery, vermin-compost etc. Rural youths will be identified for their skill development in entrepreneurial activities. The purpose is to establish economic models for youth in the villages so that youth get attracted in agriculture and overall rural situation is improved. Skill development of rural youths will help in additional employment opportunities in rural areas.","PeriodicalId":19581,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89916736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-22DOI: 10.15406/oajs.2019.03.00126
P. Pandey
In this present article we concerned with numerical solution of seventh order boundary value problem. We have proposed a novel finite difference method and derived proposed finite difference method by splitting coupled equations method. Under appropriate conditions, we have established the convergence of the proposed method. Also we have obtained a numerical value of derivative of solution of the problem which is practically useful in some modeling problem. We have applied proposed method for the numerical solution of model problems. Numerical results are in good agreement to the proposed theoretical results.
{"title":"Solving numerically a seventh order boundary value problem by splitting coupled finite difference method","authors":"P. Pandey","doi":"10.15406/oajs.2019.03.00126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2019.03.00126","url":null,"abstract":"In this present article we concerned with numerical solution of seventh order boundary value problem. We have proposed a novel finite difference method and derived proposed finite difference method by splitting coupled equations method. Under appropriate conditions, we have established the convergence of the proposed method. Also we have obtained a numerical value of derivative of solution of the problem which is practically useful in some modeling problem. We have applied proposed method for the numerical solution of model problems. Numerical results are in good agreement to the proposed theoretical results.","PeriodicalId":19581,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79365443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-22DOI: 10.15406/oajs.2019.03.00125
Shankar Khatkale
by reducing pollutants. With rising concerns to attain environmental sustainability, several players in the dimethyl ether market have launched DME fuel compatible vehicles to promote sustainable road transport development. For instance, Volvo Truck Corporation has launched Volvo Bio-DME trucks which are compatible to run on renewable fuels and provides comparable performance along with lower CO2 emissions. Dimethyl ether also finds widespread applications as an aerosol propellant across several end-user industries including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, paints & coatings, etc. It is extensively Used across various industries owing to low cost, low odor, high stability & purity, low toxicity, wide vapor pressure range, and environment-friendliness and flammability. In the cosmetic industry, it is used in hair spray, fragrances and various other products. The benefits of dimethyl ether as an aerosol propellant such as purity & stability, low relative cost, low odor, wide vapor pressures range, low toxicity, flammability and environmentally friendly nature of the product has been playing a vital role in capturing an extended customer base primarily in North America.
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Pub Date : 2019-02-21DOI: 10.15406/oajs.2019.03.00124
M. A. Abbas, M. Qadir
ABO blood group system was discovered by Karl Landsteiner. ABO system has four different phenotypes which are described on the basis of specific antigen on RBC. A person with an antigen A has A blood group. Person with an antigen B has B blood group. Person having both the antigen A and B has AB blood group. A person having no antigen neither A nor B would have blood group O. The blood group is encoded by a single gene I on 9th chromosome. This chromosome has 3 alleles. IA; that produces antigen A. IB that produces antigen B and allele I produces no antigen. Allele IA and IB are codominant to each other and together they produce AB phenotype. But I is recessive to both IA and IB. Homozygous ii produce phenotype O. Blood group A can be donated only to A and AB recipient because they do not have anti-A antibodies. Blood group B can be given to B and AB recipient because they do not have antiB antibodies. Blood group AB can be donated to AB recipient because they have neither anti-A nor anti B antibodies. Blood group O has neither antigen A nor B but have anti A and anti B antibodies. O recipient can only be given blood transfusion from a donor O. Phenotype O can be used to give small amount to A, B and AB recipients. Person with blood group O can donate blood to all other blood group types. And AB blood group Individuals is universal recipients. ABO blood group is further differentiated by a + or – sign. The + or – sign refers to the presence or the absence of another blood group system antigen called RH factor. RH system defined on the basis of Rh factor present on RBC. The system is named RH from rhesus monkey. Rh blood group is encoded by three genes C, D, E. which are present on the two loci. D on a single locus and C and E on another locus. D is very important. D has two allele D and d. D is dominant over d. persons with genotype DD or Dd have RH factor on the RBC and are RH+. Food sweating or gustatory sweating also called Frey’s syndrome. It occurs when you eat spicy food. The body temperature rises so the body tries to cool itself by producing sweat. Gustatory sweating may occur due to trauma to the parotid gland. If the parotid gland is damaged the nerve becomes mix up and the person starts sweating. The damage to the parotid gland is called Frey’s syndrome. Sometime the cause of sweating may not be known (idiopathic). People may sweat while they eat, think about the food and discussing about the food. The cause of gustatory sweating may be due to some diseases such as diabetes, shingles or damage to the face tumor or the injury to the face. Thanks to the science the treatment of the gustatory sweating is available. The Botox injection gives a few years relief from gustatory sweating. Gustatory sweating may be dur to some illness. Treatment of the illness can solve the problem. If not treated then it can be addressed with the application of the antiperspirants. Make sure that the antiperspirants you use may not be irritating for you. Only
{"title":"Association between blood grouping and food sweating","authors":"M. A. Abbas, M. Qadir","doi":"10.15406/oajs.2019.03.00124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2019.03.00124","url":null,"abstract":"ABO blood group system was discovered by Karl Landsteiner. ABO system has four different phenotypes which are described on the basis of specific antigen on RBC. A person with an antigen A has A blood group. Person with an antigen B has B blood group. Person having both the antigen A and B has AB blood group. A person having no antigen neither A nor B would have blood group O. The blood group is encoded by a single gene I on 9th chromosome. This chromosome has 3 alleles. IA; that produces antigen A. IB that produces antigen B and allele I produces no antigen. Allele IA and IB are codominant to each other and together they produce AB phenotype. But I is recessive to both IA and IB. Homozygous ii produce phenotype O. Blood group A can be donated only to A and AB recipient because they do not have anti-A antibodies. Blood group B can be given to B and AB recipient because they do not have antiB antibodies. Blood group AB can be donated to AB recipient because they have neither anti-A nor anti B antibodies. Blood group O has neither antigen A nor B but have anti A and anti B antibodies. O recipient can only be given blood transfusion from a donor O. Phenotype O can be used to give small amount to A, B and AB recipients. Person with blood group O can donate blood to all other blood group types. And AB blood group Individuals is universal recipients. ABO blood group is further differentiated by a + or – sign. The + or – sign refers to the presence or the absence of another blood group system antigen called RH factor. RH system defined on the basis of Rh factor present on RBC. The system is named RH from rhesus monkey. Rh blood group is encoded by three genes C, D, E. which are present on the two loci. D on a single locus and C and E on another locus. D is very important. D has two allele D and d. D is dominant over d. persons with genotype DD or Dd have RH factor on the RBC and are RH+. Food sweating or gustatory sweating also called Frey’s syndrome. It occurs when you eat spicy food. The body temperature rises so the body tries to cool itself by producing sweat. Gustatory sweating may occur due to trauma to the parotid gland. If the parotid gland is damaged the nerve becomes mix up and the person starts sweating. The damage to the parotid gland is called Frey’s syndrome. Sometime the cause of sweating may not be known (idiopathic). People may sweat while they eat, think about the food and discussing about the food. The cause of gustatory sweating may be due to some diseases such as diabetes, shingles or damage to the face tumor or the injury to the face. Thanks to the science the treatment of the gustatory sweating is available. The Botox injection gives a few years relief from gustatory sweating. Gustatory sweating may be dur to some illness. Treatment of the illness can solve the problem. If not treated then it can be addressed with the application of the antiperspirants. Make sure that the antiperspirants you use may not be irritating for you. Only ","PeriodicalId":19581,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90425671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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