Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.11
R. Ajaykumar, S. Murali krishnasamy, P. Kumaresan, C. Navinkumar
A Field research was carried out at the Wetland Farm, Department of Farm Management, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during the Rabi and Summer seasons of 2017 and 2018, to examine the effects of moisture stress and growth-regulating compounds on nutrient uptake, water use efficiency, water productivity, and yield of transplanted puddled rice. Three replications of split plot designs were used for field experiment. The treatments includes foliar applications of growth-regulating compounds, such as chlormequat chloride at 200 ppm, mepiquat chloride at 200 ppm brassinolide at 0.1 ppm , Pink Pigmented Facultative Methylotrophs (PPFM 1%) and Control (No spray) at different growth stages, such as panicle initiation stage, flowering stage, and both panicle initiation and flowering stage. The moisture stress free control is implemented by irrigating the field with 5 cm of irrigation each day after the disappearance of previously ponded water. Treatment combination of moisture stress at panicle initiation stage along with 0.1 ppm brassinolide had recorded to increased WUE of 7.09, 6.68 kg ha-mm-1 and water productivity of 0.71 and 0.67 kg m-3, respectively during Rabi and summer season. Treatment combination of moisture stress at both panicle initiation and flowering stages along with PPFM registered lower WUE with 6.19 and 5.78 kg ha-mm-1 and lower water productivity with 0.62 and 0.58 kg m-3, during both the seasons. it could be concluded that, foliar application of 0.1 ppm brassinolide for mitigating the moisture stress at panicle initiation stage alone and one per cent PPFM spray when crop suffered moisture stress at flowering phase were effective in mitigating the moisture stress in attaining the maximum crop yields.
本研究于2017年和2018年拉比和夏季在哥印拜陀泰米尔纳德邦农业大学农场管理系湿地农场进行了实地研究，研究了水分胁迫和生长调节化合物对移栽水稻田养分吸收、水分利用效率、水分生产力和产量的影响。田间试验采用3个重复的分割小区设计。这些处理包括在不同生长阶段(如穗萌发期、花期、穗萌发期和花期)叶面施用生长调节化合物，如200 ppm的氯草枯、200 ppm的氯草枯、0.1 ppm的油菜素内酯、1%的粉红色素兼性甲基营养物(PPFM)和对照(无喷雾)。无水分胁迫控制是通过在以前的积水消失后每天灌溉5厘米的农田来实现的。稻穗萌发期水分胁迫配合0.1 ppm油菜素内酯处理，稻穗萌发期水分利用效率提高7.09、6.68 kg ha-mm-1，水分生产力提高0.71、0.67 kg m-3。穗萌发期和开花期水分胁迫与PPFM组合处理的水分利用效率较低，分别为6.19和5.78 kg hm -1，水分生产力较低，分别为0.62和0.58 kg m-3。综上所述，单在穗发育期叶面施用0.1 ppm油菜素内酯缓解水分胁迫，在开花期施用1% PPFM缓解水分胁迫，可有效缓解水分胁迫，使作物产量达到最大。
{"title":"Effect of moisture stress and growth regulating compounds on water use and yield of transplanted rice","authors":"R. Ajaykumar, S. Murali krishnasamy, P. Kumaresan, C. Navinkumar","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"A Field research was carried out at the Wetland Farm, Department of Farm Management, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during the Rabi and Summer seasons of 2017 and 2018, to examine the effects of moisture stress and growth-regulating compounds on nutrient uptake, water use efficiency, water productivity, and yield of transplanted puddled rice. Three replications of split plot designs were used for field experiment. The treatments includes foliar applications of growth-regulating compounds, such as chlormequat chloride at 200 ppm, mepiquat chloride at 200 ppm brassinolide at 0.1 ppm , Pink Pigmented Facultative Methylotrophs (PPFM 1%) and Control (No spray) at different growth stages, such as panicle initiation stage, flowering stage, and both panicle initiation and flowering stage. The moisture stress free control is implemented by irrigating the field with 5 cm of irrigation each day after the disappearance of previously ponded water. Treatment combination of moisture stress at panicle initiation stage along with 0.1 ppm brassinolide had recorded to increased WUE of 7.09, 6.68 kg ha-mm-1 and water productivity of 0.71 and 0.67 kg m-3, respectively during Rabi and summer season. Treatment combination of moisture stress at both panicle initiation and flowering stages along with PPFM registered lower WUE with 6.19 and 5.78 kg ha-mm-1 and lower water productivity with 0.62 and 0.58 kg m-3, during both the seasons. it could be concluded that, foliar application of 0.1 ppm brassinolide for mitigating the moisture stress at panicle initiation stage alone and one per cent PPFM spray when crop suffered moisture stress at flowering phase were effective in mitigating the moisture stress in attaining the maximum crop yields.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86777387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.8
N. Patel, K. Pramanik, D. Bhaduri, B. Saren
A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2019 at Bhujabala, Rayagada (Odisha) and at the farmer's field, Lephripara, Sundargarh (Odisha) during kharif 2020, to study the effect of zinc and iron management on yield and yield attributes of aerobic rice with different level nitrogen fertilizer management. Experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block-Design, treatments consisted of three levels of nitrogen management viz. N1-80 kg N ha-1, N2- 60 kg N ha-1 + 5 t FYM ha-1 and N3- 40 kg N ha-1 + 10 t FYM ha-1 and six micronutrient management, viz., M1 - Control, M2 - 0.5% zinc sulphate as foliar, M3 - 0.5% ferrous sulphate as foliar, M4 - 0.3% zinc sulphate as seed priming, M5 - 0.3% ferrous sulphate as seed priming, and M6 - 0.5% zinc sulphate as foliar + 0.5% ferrous sulphate as foliar. Results revealed that the application of 80 kg N ha-1, and 60 kg N ha-1 + 5 t FYM ha-1 recorded maximum growth parameters like plant height, number of tillers m-2, dry matter accumulation and leaf area index; higher yield attributes like number panicle m-2, number of filled grains panicles-1, fertility percentage and test weight. Combined application of 60 kg N ha-1 + 5 t FYM ha-1 recorded the maximum grain and straw yields. Results also showed that foliar application of 0.5% zinc sulphate as foliar + 0.5% ferrous sulphate as foliar exhibited higher growth parameters, yield attributes, grain and straw yield during the two years of experiment.
本试验于2019年秋收季节在奥里萨邦Rayagada的Bhujabala和2020年秋收季节在奥里萨邦Sundargarh的Lephripara农民田间进行，研究锌铁管理对不同氮肥管理水平的好氧水稻产量和产量属性的影响。实验是在阶乘随机区组设计,治疗包括氮管理的三个层次即n1 - 80公斤N农业,N2 - 60公斤N是+ 5 t施厩肥农业和N3 - 40公斤N农业+ 10 t施厩肥农业和六个微量营养物质管理,即,M1——控制,M2 - 0.5%硫酸锌作为叶面,M3 - 0.5%硫酸亚铁作为叶面,M4 - 0.3%硫酸锌作为种子启动,M5 - 0.3%硫酸亚铁作为种子启动,M6 - 0.5%硫酸锌叶面叶面+ 0.5%硫酸亚铁。结果表明，施用80 kg N ha-1和60 kg N ha-1 + 5 t FYM ha-1时，株高、分蘖数m-2、干物质积累和叶面积指数等生长参数最高;穗数m-2、实粒数穗数-1、育性率和试重等高产性状。氮肥60 kg hm -1 + 5 t FYM hm -1配施籽粒和秸秆产量最高。结果还表明，在2年的试验中，施用0.5%硫酸锌作叶+ 0.5%硫酸亚铁作叶表现出更高的生长参数、产量属性、籽粒和秸秆产量。
{"title":"Effect of zinc and iron management with different level of nitrogen on growth and productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under aerobic condition","authors":"N. Patel, K. Pramanik, D. Bhaduri, B. Saren","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2019 at Bhujabala, Rayagada (Odisha) and at the farmer's field, Lephripara, Sundargarh (Odisha) during kharif 2020, to study the effect of zinc and iron management on yield and yield attributes of aerobic rice with different level nitrogen fertilizer management. Experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block-Design, treatments consisted of three levels of nitrogen management viz. N1-80 kg N ha-1, N2- 60 kg N ha-1 + 5 t FYM ha-1 and N3- 40 kg N ha-1 + 10 t FYM ha-1 and six micronutrient management, viz., M1 - Control, M2 - 0.5% zinc sulphate as foliar, M3 - 0.5% ferrous sulphate as foliar, M4 - 0.3% zinc sulphate as seed priming, M5 - 0.3% ferrous sulphate as seed priming, and M6 - 0.5% zinc sulphate as foliar + 0.5% ferrous sulphate as foliar. Results revealed that the application of 80 kg N ha-1, and 60 kg N ha-1 + 5 t FYM ha-1 recorded maximum growth parameters like plant height, number of tillers m-2, dry matter accumulation and leaf area index; higher yield attributes like number panicle m-2, number of filled grains panicles-1, fertility percentage and test weight. Combined application of 60 kg N ha-1 + 5 t FYM ha-1 recorded the maximum grain and straw yields. Results also showed that foliar application of 0.5% zinc sulphate as foliar + 0.5% ferrous sulphate as foliar exhibited higher growth parameters, yield attributes, grain and straw yield during the two years of experiment.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83188856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.4
K. Nath, V. Patel
Seedling rot disease in rice incited by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. in the rice nursery raised during December to January for summer rice cultivation is an emerging threat to rice cultivation in South Gujarat. In the present climate change scenario, rice crop is facing the challenges of new diseases which were otherwise not touching the economical threshold. Eight fungicides were evaluated under in vitro condition. Tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 25%, mancozeb 63%+ carbendazim 12%, azoxystrobin 18.2%+difenoconazole 11.4%SC, azoxystrobin 11.5% + mancozeb 30.0% and thiram 75 WS gave complete mycelial growth inhibition at 50 ppm concentration. Whereas azoxystrobin 23SC and tebuconazole 2% DS showed good mycelial growth inhibition ability with 83.30 and 90.74%, respectively. Most effective fungicides under in vitro were evaluated against seedling rot disease under field conditions during 2018 to 2020. Seed treatment with fungicides revealed that rice seeds treated with azoxystrobin 23SC @ 1ml /kg seed and soil application with Trichoderma harzianum (2×106 cfu/g) @ 1 g/m2 which was at par with seeds treated with azoxystrobin 23SC @ 1ml/kg seeds and azoxystrobin 18.2% + difenoconazole 11.4 %SC @ 1ml/kg seeds effectively managed seedling rot disease and given highest plant population with minimum seedling mortality, improved shoot and root length and good seedling vigor index.
{"title":"Evaluation of different fungicides against rice seedling rot incited by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.","authors":"K. Nath, V. Patel","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Seedling rot disease in rice incited by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. in the rice nursery raised during December to January for summer rice cultivation is an emerging threat to rice cultivation in South Gujarat. In the present climate change scenario, rice crop is facing the challenges of new diseases which were otherwise not touching the economical threshold. Eight fungicides were evaluated under in vitro condition. Tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 25%, mancozeb 63%+ carbendazim 12%, azoxystrobin 18.2%+difenoconazole 11.4%SC, azoxystrobin 11.5% + mancozeb 30.0% and thiram 75 WS gave complete mycelial growth inhibition at 50 ppm concentration. Whereas azoxystrobin 23SC and tebuconazole 2% DS showed good mycelial growth inhibition ability with 83.30 and 90.74%, respectively. Most effective fungicides under in vitro were evaluated against seedling rot disease under field conditions during 2018 to 2020. Seed treatment with fungicides revealed that rice seeds treated with azoxystrobin 23SC @ 1ml /kg seed and soil application with Trichoderma harzianum (2×106 cfu/g) @ 1 g/m2 which was at par with seeds treated with azoxystrobin 23SC @ 1ml/kg seeds and azoxystrobin 18.2% + difenoconazole 11.4 %SC @ 1ml/kg seeds effectively managed seedling rot disease and given highest plant population with minimum seedling mortality, improved shoot and root length and good seedling vigor index.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81720189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.15
Mamta Pal, N. Johal, S. Thind, V. Devi
Basmati rice cultivators with longer internodes and shallow rooting system are prone to lodging especially during panicle development thus ultimately reducing yield, quality as well as efficiency of mechanical harvesting.Manipulation of GA status both via using exogenous application of GA or use of GA biosynthesis inhibitors or either by genetic alteration are regularly used to optimize plant growth and yields. Keeping this in mind the main objective of the study was to assess the role of Prohexadione-calcium (Pro-Ca) to reduce internode elongation against lodging stress without negatively affecting its productivity. A field experiment was conducted on three cultivars of basmati rice (Punjab Basmati 2, Punjab Basmati 3 and Pusa Basmati 1121) in split plot design at three concentration levels (foliar application) of Pro-Ca @5,10 and 20mg/l at vegetative and anthesis stage. Pro-Ca was found to uphill the concentrations of total chlorophyll (~9%)and Carotenoid(~4%) content in leaves at both vegetative and anthesis stages. An increment in the photosynthetic rate in flag leaf was also recorded in Pro-Ca treated sets in comparison to control, A significant increase in sucrose content in fully expanded leaf at vegetative and flag leaf at anthesis stage was recorded.Plant height significantly decreased in Pro-Ca treated plants and this decrease in height was recorded more with increased concentration of Pro-Ca. The increase in the yield contributing parameters viz., number of spikes/plant and grain/m2might be attributed to the blockage of gibberellins synthesis on account of Pro-Ca applicationin selected basmati rice variety PUSA 1121 by upregulating the photosynthetic rate (2%) andalso increase in sucrose content(2 to 18%).
{"title":"Effect of prohexadione-calcium onphotosynthetic and yield parameters in basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) against lodging stress","authors":"Mamta Pal, N. Johal, S. Thind, V. Devi","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.15","url":null,"abstract":"Basmati rice cultivators with longer internodes and shallow rooting system are prone to lodging especially during panicle development thus ultimately reducing yield, quality as well as efficiency of mechanical harvesting.Manipulation of GA status both via using exogenous application of GA or use of GA biosynthesis inhibitors or either by genetic alteration are regularly used to optimize plant growth and yields. Keeping this in mind the main objective of the study was to assess the role of Prohexadione-calcium (Pro-Ca) to reduce internode elongation against lodging stress without negatively affecting its productivity. A field experiment was conducted on three cultivars of basmati rice (Punjab Basmati 2, Punjab Basmati 3 and Pusa Basmati 1121) in split plot design at three concentration levels (foliar application) of Pro-Ca @5,10 and 20mg/l at vegetative and anthesis stage. Pro-Ca was found to uphill the concentrations of total chlorophyll (~9%)and Carotenoid(~4%) content in leaves at both vegetative and anthesis stages. An increment in the photosynthetic rate in flag leaf was also recorded in Pro-Ca treated sets in comparison to control, A significant increase in sucrose content in fully expanded leaf at vegetative and flag leaf at anthesis stage was recorded.Plant height significantly decreased in Pro-Ca treated plants and this decrease in height was recorded more with increased concentration of Pro-Ca. The increase in the yield contributing parameters viz., number of spikes/plant and grain/m2might be attributed to the blockage of gibberellins synthesis on account of Pro-Ca applicationin selected basmati rice variety PUSA 1121 by upregulating the photosynthetic rate (2%) andalso increase in sucrose content(2 to 18%).","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79377485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.2
Amrutha Lakshmi M, K. Mondal, Kalaivanan Ns
Bacterial blight (BB) incited by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a constant threat to global rice production. Xoo attenuates host defense by directly translocating type III effectors (T3Es) into rice cytosol. The fleeting emergence of new virulent Xoo isolates and subsequent breakdown of resistance in the realm of an erratic climate entails the exploration of befitted resistance to prevent super-races of Xoo from becoming widespread. A comprehensive knowledge of T3Es-mediated transcriptional reprogramming of rice genes in response to Xoo infection remains elusive. Evidently, RNA seq-based transcriptome profiling of rice infected with an Indian virulent Xoo strain Race 4 relative to its T3SS-defective mutant strain (Xoo DhrpX) at early and late hours of bacterial infection yielded an array of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 49 genes of which were selected for RT-qPCR analysis. The results revealed T3SS-dependent novel defence-related genes belonging to Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLRs), Receptor-like kinases (RLKs), PR proteins, enzymes, cytochrome P450 and secondary metabolites. These genes are direct targets for enhancing BB resistance as well silencing of susceptible targets through gene editing yields durable resistance.
{"title":"T3SS mediated transcriptional reprogramming of rice by the virulent Indian race 4 of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae","authors":"Amrutha Lakshmi M, K. Mondal, Kalaivanan Ns","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial blight (BB) incited by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a constant threat to global rice production. Xoo attenuates host defense by directly translocating type III effectors (T3Es) into rice cytosol. The fleeting emergence of new virulent Xoo isolates and subsequent breakdown of resistance in the realm of an erratic climate entails the exploration of befitted resistance to prevent super-races of Xoo from becoming widespread. A comprehensive knowledge of T3Es-mediated transcriptional reprogramming of rice genes in response to Xoo infection remains elusive. Evidently, RNA seq-based transcriptome profiling of rice infected with an Indian virulent Xoo strain Race 4 relative to its T3SS-defective mutant strain (Xoo DhrpX) at early and late hours of bacterial infection yielded an array of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 49 genes of which were selected for RT-qPCR analysis. The results revealed T3SS-dependent novel defence-related genes belonging to Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLRs), Receptor-like kinases (RLKs), PR proteins, enzymes, cytochrome P450 and secondary metabolites. These genes are direct targets for enhancing BB resistance as well silencing of susceptible targets through gene editing yields durable resistance.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91306948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.9
Sayam Padma, S. Vijayakumar, B. Venkatanna, D. Srinivas, R. Kumar, Surekha Kuchi, S. Mahadevappa, R. Sundaram, K. Bhanu Rekha, M. Yakadri
A field study was conducted during the kharif season of 2022 to investigate the effect of different rice production systems on yield attributes, crop yields and economics. The experiment was laid in randomized block design with three replications, encompassing seven treatments. Three treatments involved transplanting methods viz., system of rice intensification (SRI), mechanical transplanting and conventional transplanting. The remaining four treatments were direct seeded rice (DSR) treatments viz., wet DSR (drum seeding), wet DSR (broadcasting), dry converted wet rice (broadcasting) and dry converted wet rice (line sowing). The results showed that the yield attributes viz. panicles m-2, panicle length and weight, filled grains panicle-1, fertility percentage and grain yield were significantly higher in wet DSR (drum seeding) followed by dry converted wet rice (line sowing), SRI method. In terms of economic analysis, wet DSR (drum seeding) exhibited the highest gross returns, net returns and benefit-cost ratio (B:C ratio). On the other hand, the dry converted wet rice (broadcasting) method showcased the lowest yield attributes, grain yield, net returns, and B:C ratio among all the crop establishment methods. Based on the findings, it is recommended to adopt either wet DSR (drum seeding), dry converted wet rice (line sowing) and SRI method during the kharif season to achieve maximum yield and economic returns.
{"title":"Impact of different crop establishment methods on yield attributes, yields and economics of rice: A comparative study","authors":"Sayam Padma, S. Vijayakumar, B. Venkatanna, D. Srinivas, R. Kumar, Surekha Kuchi, S. Mahadevappa, R. Sundaram, K. Bhanu Rekha, M. Yakadri","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"A field study was conducted during the kharif season of 2022 to investigate the effect of different rice production systems on yield attributes, crop yields and economics. The experiment was laid in randomized block design with three replications, encompassing seven treatments. Three treatments involved transplanting methods viz., system of rice intensification (SRI), mechanical transplanting and conventional transplanting. The remaining four treatments were direct seeded rice (DSR) treatments viz., wet DSR (drum seeding), wet DSR (broadcasting), dry converted wet rice (broadcasting) and dry converted wet rice (line sowing). The results showed that the yield attributes viz. panicles m-2, panicle length and weight, filled grains panicle-1, fertility percentage and grain yield were significantly higher in wet DSR (drum seeding) followed by dry converted wet rice (line sowing), SRI method. In terms of economic analysis, wet DSR (drum seeding) exhibited the highest gross returns, net returns and benefit-cost ratio (B:C ratio). On the other hand, the dry converted wet rice (broadcasting) method showcased the lowest yield attributes, grain yield, net returns, and B:C ratio among all the crop establishment methods. Based on the findings, it is recommended to adopt either wet DSR (drum seeding), dry converted wet rice (line sowing) and SRI method during the kharif season to achieve maximum yield and economic returns.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84290149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.7
Raghunandana A, G. Sunkad, Raghavendra Bt, M. Yadav, Yanjeerappa St, H. R, Badariprasad Pr, P. D
Bacterial leaf blight of rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae has posed a major threat to production-oriented farming in recent years. The yield losses caused by this pathogen are as high as 70 to 80 per cent based on the severity of the disease. A random survey was carried out in the major rice-growing ecosystem of Karnataka viz., Bhadra, Coastal, Hilly, Kaveri, Tunga Bhadra project (TBP) and Upper Krishna project (UKP) ecosystems of Karnataka during Kharif 2019. Among all the surveyed ecosystems, the highest mean per cent disease index (PDI) of 52.60 was observed in the Bhadra ecosystem, followed by 43.67 PDI in the TBP ecosystem, and the lowest PDI of 31.08 was observed under the Kaveri ecosystem. However, moderate disease severity in the range of 31.82 to 33.79 was observed under the UKP and Hilly ecosystems of Karnataka. Among the surveyed districts, the highest disease severity (62.04 PDI) was observed in Shivamogga, followed by Gadag (52.17 PDI) and Ballari (52.87 PDI) districts, and the least severity of 20.72 PDI was observed in Raichur district. However, there was no disease severity in the Coastal ecosystem of Karnataka. The disease was severe in commercial rice-growing regions compared to those where the traditional varieties were grown. The moderate rainfall areas like Bhadra and TBP ecosystem were more severely infected with BLB than the severe rainfall area like the coastal ecosystem. The present study has identified the risk-prone areas of BLB in different rice ecosystems of Karnataka.
{"title":"Severity and distribution of bacterial leaf blight of rice in different rice growing ecosystems of Karnataka state of India","authors":"Raghunandana A, G. Sunkad, Raghavendra Bt, M. Yadav, Yanjeerappa St, H. R, Badariprasad Pr, P. D","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial leaf blight of rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae has posed a major threat to production-oriented farming in recent years. The yield losses caused by this pathogen are as high as 70 to 80 per cent based on the severity of the disease. A random survey was carried out in the major rice-growing ecosystem of Karnataka viz., Bhadra, Coastal, Hilly, Kaveri, Tunga Bhadra project (TBP) and Upper Krishna project (UKP) ecosystems of Karnataka during Kharif 2019. Among all the surveyed ecosystems, the highest mean per cent disease index (PDI) of 52.60 was observed in the Bhadra ecosystem, followed by 43.67 PDI in the TBP ecosystem, and the lowest PDI of 31.08 was observed under the Kaveri ecosystem. However, moderate disease severity in the range of 31.82 to 33.79 was observed under the UKP and Hilly ecosystems of Karnataka. Among the surveyed districts, the highest disease severity (62.04 PDI) was observed in Shivamogga, followed by Gadag (52.17 PDI) and Ballari (52.87 PDI) districts, and the least severity of 20.72 PDI was observed in Raichur district. However, there was no disease severity in the Coastal ecosystem of Karnataka. The disease was severe in commercial rice-growing regions compared to those where the traditional varieties were grown. The moderate rainfall areas like Bhadra and TBP ecosystem were more severely infected with BLB than the severe rainfall area like the coastal ecosystem. The present study has identified the risk-prone areas of BLB in different rice ecosystems of Karnataka.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76159038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.3
Hage Kania, Narola Pongener, H. M. Devi, N. Ao, H. S. Devi
Brown spot of rice caused by Bipolaris oryzae is of worldwide occurrence and is known to cause substantial quantitative and qualitative losses in grain yield. This disease was responsible for the epic 'Great Bengal Famine' in 1942-1943, resulting in the death of 4 million people. Studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of rice rhizospheric Trichoderma spp and fungicide for the management of brown spot disease of rice. A total of 20 isolates of Trichoderma spp were isolated from rice rhizospheric soil and screened by dual culture method in which three isolates Ti20, Ti19 and Ti16 showing maximum inhibition of 67.86%, 64.29% and 60.71% were selected for further test. Six fungicides viz., Hexaconazole, Propiconazole, Carbendazim + Mancozeb, Metalaxyl + Mancozeb, Carbendazim and Copper oxychloride were evaluated against B. oryzae by poison food technique, out of which Propiconazole, Hexaconazole and Copper oxychloride were selected and further tested for their compatibility with the selected Trichoderma spp was done. The most efficient and compatible Trichoderma sp with fungicide i.e., (Ti19 + Hexaconazole 5% SC) were selected for managing the disease in pot experiment with different treatment combinations i.e., seed treatment, seedling dip and foliar spray. Results under pot experiment showed that, seed treatment with Ti19 and Hexaconazole 5% SC recorded lowest disease severity of 3.70%, 7.41% and 11.11% at tillering, booting and milking stages respectively, with significantly higher yield of 28.27 g/pot as compared to untreated control pots.
{"title":"Effect of rice rhizospheric Trichoderma spp and fungicide for the management of brown spot disease of rice","authors":"Hage Kania, Narola Pongener, H. M. Devi, N. Ao, H. S. Devi","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Brown spot of rice caused by Bipolaris oryzae is of worldwide occurrence and is known to cause substantial quantitative and qualitative losses in grain yield. This disease was responsible for the epic 'Great Bengal Famine' in 1942-1943, resulting in the death of 4 million people. Studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of rice rhizospheric Trichoderma spp and fungicide for the management of brown spot disease of rice. A total of 20 isolates of Trichoderma spp were isolated from rice rhizospheric soil and screened by dual culture method in which three isolates Ti20, Ti19 and Ti16 showing maximum inhibition of 67.86%, 64.29% and 60.71% were selected for further test. Six fungicides viz., Hexaconazole, Propiconazole, Carbendazim + Mancozeb, Metalaxyl + Mancozeb, Carbendazim and Copper oxychloride were evaluated against B. oryzae by poison food technique, out of which Propiconazole, Hexaconazole and Copper oxychloride were selected and further tested for their compatibility with the selected Trichoderma spp was done. The most efficient and compatible Trichoderma sp with fungicide i.e., (Ti19 + Hexaconazole 5% SC) were selected for managing the disease in pot experiment with different treatment combinations i.e., seed treatment, seedling dip and foliar spray. Results under pot experiment showed that, seed treatment with Ti19 and Hexaconazole 5% SC recorded lowest disease severity of 3.70%, 7.41% and 11.11% at tillering, booting and milking stages respectively, with significantly higher yield of 28.27 g/pot as compared to untreated control pots.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90539553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.12
S. Sahoo, S. Biswal, R. Paikaray, S. Dwibedi, S. Jena
A field experiment was conducted in the Instructional Farm of the College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India during 2017-18 to study the effect of rice establishment methods on phenophases, productivity, and profitability in rice- rice system. The experiment in kharif was laid out in a randomized block design with 3 treatments viz. direct seeded rice (DSR), non-puddled transplanting (NPTR), and puddled transplanting (PTR) with 3 replications whereas, in Rabi, these 3 establishment methods were reassigned within each treatment leading to 9 treatment combinations. Two promising rice varieties, cv. Swarna sub 1 and cv. Lalat were adopted in this experiment during kharif and rabi, respectively. Rabi rice under DSR-DSR matured 8 days earlier than PTR-PTR method, whereas the maximum grain yield (6.65 t ha-1) was recorded under the NPTR-PTR with the maximum harvest index of 0.52 which was 30.5% higher than DSR-DSR.The highest system yield (11.45 t ha-1) was recorded under the NPTR-PTR method of establishment which was 27.2% higher than the DSR-DSR method of establishment. The NPTR-PTR rice establishment also recorded the highest system gross return of Rs.1,79,785/- ha-1, the net return of Rs. 93,475/- ha-1, and B-C ratio of 2.1 against the total cost of cultivation of Rs. 86,310/- ha-1. Thus, the NPTR-PTR method of the establishment was found to be the best method so far as productivity and profitability are concerned.
2017- 2018年，在印度布巴内斯瓦尔奥里萨邦农业技术大学农学院教学农场进行了一项田间试验，研究水稻种植方法对水稻-水稻系统物候期、生产力和盈利能力的影响。在哈里夫，试验采用随机区组设计，3个处理，即直接播种稻(DSR)、非水盆移栽(NPTR)和水盆移栽(PTR)， 3个重复，而在拉比，这3种建立方法在每个处理中重新分配，形成9个处理组合。两个有前途的水稻品种，cv。Swarna下标1和cv。本试验采拉拉特，分别在开斋和斋月进行。NPTR-PTR比PTR-PTR提前8 d成熟，最高产量为6.65 t hm -1，最大收获指数为0.52，比DSR-DSR提高30.5%。NPTR-PTR法的体系产量最高，为11.45 t hm -1，比DSR-DSR法的体系产量高27.2%。NPTR-PTR水稻品种的系统总收益最高，为1,79,785卢比/- ha-1，净收益为93,475卢比/- ha-1, B-C比为2.1，而种植总成本为8,6,310卢比/- ha-1。因此，建立的NPTR-PTR方法被发现是最好的方法，就生产力和盈利能力而言。
{"title":"Effect of establishment methods on the phenophases, productivity, and profitability of rice-rice system","authors":"S. Sahoo, S. Biswal, R. Paikaray, S. Dwibedi, S. Jena","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.12","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted in the Instructional Farm of the College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India during 2017-18 to study the effect of rice establishment methods on phenophases, productivity, and profitability in rice- rice system. The experiment in kharif was laid out in a randomized block design with 3 treatments viz. direct seeded rice (DSR), non-puddled transplanting (NPTR), and puddled transplanting (PTR) with 3 replications whereas, in Rabi, these 3 establishment methods were reassigned within each treatment leading to 9 treatment combinations. Two promising rice varieties, cv. Swarna sub 1 and cv. Lalat were adopted in this experiment during kharif and rabi, respectively. Rabi rice under DSR-DSR matured 8 days earlier than PTR-PTR method, whereas the maximum grain yield (6.65 t ha-1) was recorded under the NPTR-PTR with the maximum harvest index of 0.52 which was 30.5% higher than DSR-DSR.The highest system yield (11.45 t ha-1) was recorded under the NPTR-PTR method of establishment which was 27.2% higher than the DSR-DSR method of establishment. The NPTR-PTR rice establishment also recorded the highest system gross return of Rs.1,79,785/- ha-1, the net return of Rs. 93,475/- ha-1, and B-C ratio of 2.1 against the total cost of cultivation of Rs. 86,310/- ha-1. Thus, the NPTR-PTR method of the establishment was found to be the best method so far as productivity and profitability are concerned.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91272895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.5
R. Pal, Dipankar Mandal
Sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn is one of the most important diseases on the major high yielding rice varieties. Because of lack of resistant donor lines, no variety is completely immune to the disease. Till now, chemical control is the most widely used means to manage the disease which may have several adverse effects on the environment. Plant essential oils are among the most promising compounds for bio rational pest management. As highly volatile compounds are found in essential oils, they therefore cause no residue problems either in crop or in soil and are less subject to resistance. Keeping these factors in view, a field experiment was conducted at All India Co-Ordinated Rice Improvement Project, Chiplima, Sambalpur, Odisha during kharif and rabi seasons of 2019-20 and 2020-21 respectively to assess the effect of seven essential oils for the management of sheath blight disease in rice. They were sprayed twice at weekly interval starting from the third day of inoculation. Among all the essential oils, citronella oil @ 2ml l-1 was found best to manage the disease during both the years of experiment. It gave 36% disease control compared to check plots. Under invitro condition also, citronella oil @ 500 ppm proved to be the best of all the essential oils. Though the chemical check carbendazim gave the highest disease control (47.25%) but considering the environmental point of view, citronella oil @ 2ml l-1 can be recommended as an alternative to manage sheath blight disease in rice without any toxic effect on the crop.
{"title":"Use of plant essential oils for the management of sheath blight disease in rice","authors":"R. Pal, Dipankar Mandal","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn is one of the most important diseases on the major high yielding rice varieties. Because of lack of resistant donor lines, no variety is completely immune to the disease. Till now, chemical control is the most widely used means to manage the disease which may have several adverse effects on the environment. Plant essential oils are among the most promising compounds for bio rational pest management. As highly volatile compounds are found in essential oils, they therefore cause no residue problems either in crop or in soil and are less subject to resistance. Keeping these factors in view, a field experiment was conducted at All India Co-Ordinated Rice Improvement Project, Chiplima, Sambalpur, Odisha during kharif and rabi seasons of 2019-20 and 2020-21 respectively to assess the effect of seven essential oils for the management of sheath blight disease in rice. They were sprayed twice at weekly interval starting from the third day of inoculation. Among all the essential oils, citronella oil @ 2ml l-1 was found best to manage the disease during both the years of experiment. It gave 36% disease control compared to check plots. Under invitro condition also, citronella oil @ 500 ppm proved to be the best of all the essential oils. Though the chemical check carbendazim gave the highest disease control (47.25%) but considering the environmental point of view, citronella oil @ 2ml l-1 can be recommended as an alternative to manage sheath blight disease in rice without any toxic effect on the crop.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79707600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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