Pub Date : 2023-02-07DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.0.5
C. Mehta, R. Bangale, M. Din
Rice is one of the important crops and staple food for millions of people in India and world. In India, it is cultivated in 45.07 million ha which is largest area under rice cultivation in the world. However, the productivity of rice in India is less in comparison to Egypt and China. Rice crop is cultivated by conventional practices in India. These practices require high inputs which adversely affects the natural resources i.e. soil, water and climate in the form of soil degradation, ground water depletion and air pollution. Rice farming is negatively affected by these environmental degenerative factors. The development and adoption of new technologies are imperative to reduce these environmental degenerative factors of rice farming. These technologies enhance the production by efficient and precise application of inputs such as seed, fertilizer, chemicals and irrigation water. It ultimately lowers the cost of production. The aim of this paper is to provide information about available improved machineries and technologies for pre-harvest operations of rice crop. The high capacity machinery such as rice transplanters, combines, etc are to be used on custom hiring and for contractual field operations. There is a need for assured mechanised services to farmers and guaranteed business to service providers for paddy nursery raising, mechanised transplanting and combine harvesting.
{"title":"Energy efficient farm mechanization for small and marginal farmers","authors":"C. Mehta, R. Bangale, M. Din","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.0.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.0.5","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is one of the important crops and staple food for millions of people in India and world. In India, it is cultivated in 45.07 million ha which is largest area under rice cultivation in the world. However, the productivity of rice in India is less in comparison to Egypt and China. Rice crop is cultivated by conventional practices in India. These practices require high inputs which adversely affects the natural resources i.e. soil, water and climate in the form of soil degradation, ground water depletion and air pollution. Rice farming is negatively affected by these environmental degenerative factors. The development and adoption of new technologies are imperative to reduce these environmental degenerative factors of rice farming. These technologies enhance the production by efficient and precise application of inputs such as seed, fertilizer, chemicals and irrigation water. It ultimately lowers the cost of production. The aim of this paper is to provide information about available improved machineries and technologies for pre-harvest operations of rice crop. The high capacity machinery such as rice transplanters, combines, etc are to be used on custom hiring and for contractual field operations. There is a need for assured mechanised services to farmers and guaranteed business to service providers for paddy nursery raising, mechanised transplanting and combine harvesting.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89581700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-07DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.0.8
R. Padaria, RR Burman, Priti Priyadarshni, L. Muralikrishnan, Misha Madavan, Subhashree Sahu
Rice plays very important role in food and nutritional security in the developing world. Although India is the second largest producer (113 mt) next to China with 44 mha area under rice, its average yield (~2.6 t/ha) is far below both that of China (>6 t/ha) and the global average of ~4 t/ha. Hence, along with genetic enhancement and advance crop protective measures, innovative extension approaches with agro-ecological importance, geo-political, socio-economic can support to improve the rice productivity levels with climate resilience and effective natural resources management perspectives. Moreover, the agricultural extension paradigm shift from National demonstration in 1960's to Training and visit system in 1970's to pluralistic extension approaches in 1990's has enhanced the rice production from 34.5 million tonnes in 1960-1961 to 117.5 million tonnes in 2020-2021. Still there is a huge potential to transform the rice production systems of the country through adoption of bottom-up innovative extension approaches with information and communication connectivity. Approaches like social learning, community engagement and ICT support have proven effective in dissemination and adoption of improved varieties and practices of paddy cultivation.
{"title":"Community based extension approaches for sustainable production of rice","authors":"R. Padaria, RR Burman, Priti Priyadarshni, L. Muralikrishnan, Misha Madavan, Subhashree Sahu","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.0.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.0.8","url":null,"abstract":"Rice plays very important role in food and nutritional security in the developing world. Although India is the second largest producer (113 mt) next to China with 44 mha area under rice, its average yield (~2.6 t/ha) is far below both that of China (>6 t/ha) and the global average of ~4 t/ha. Hence, along with genetic enhancement and advance crop protective measures, innovative extension approaches with agro-ecological importance, geo-political, socio-economic can support to improve the rice productivity levels with climate resilience and effective natural resources management perspectives. Moreover, the agricultural extension paradigm shift from National demonstration in 1960's to Training and visit system in 1970's to pluralistic extension approaches in 1990's has enhanced the rice production from 34.5 million tonnes in 1960-1961 to 117.5 million tonnes in 2020-2021. Still there is a huge potential to transform the rice production systems of the country through adoption of bottom-up innovative extension approaches with information and communication connectivity. Approaches like social learning, community engagement and ICT support have proven effective in dissemination and adoption of improved varieties and practices of paddy cultivation.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81729091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-07DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.0.1
Sundaram Rm, J. Badri, Abdul Fiyaz R, S. P, Mangrauthia Sk, C. U, Neeraja Cn, S. Lv, H. As
From a ship-to-mouth existence at the time of its Independence, India became a food sufficient country due to the research and policy interventions during the green revolution era and in the last six decades. The country witnessed a phenomenal increase in the production and productivity of rice and wheat and presently the country is exporting significant quantities of rice. However, there are multiple challenges in ensuring food and nutritional security through rice in the coming decades including a rapidly changing climate and a plateauing of rice yields has been witnessed in the last two decades in many rice growing countries across the world including India. It is therefore imperative to enhance rice productivity and production through application of modern tools of science. This review traces the developments related to rice research and yield improvement over the last six decades and discusses about the conventional and modern approaches to enhance grain yield in rice. These approaches include pre-breeding, wide-hybridization, new plant type/ideotype breeding, heterosis breeding, marker and genomics-assisted breeding, haplotype-based breeding, transgenic breeding and genome editing.
{"title":"Conventional and new breeding approaches to enhance grain yield in rice","authors":"Sundaram Rm, J. Badri, Abdul Fiyaz R, S. P, Mangrauthia Sk, C. U, Neeraja Cn, S. Lv, H. As","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.0.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.0.1","url":null,"abstract":"From a ship-to-mouth existence at the time of its Independence, India became a food sufficient country due to the research and policy interventions during the green revolution era and in the last six decades. The country witnessed a phenomenal increase in the production and productivity of rice and wheat and presently the country is exporting significant quantities of rice. However, there are multiple challenges in ensuring food and nutritional security through rice in the coming decades including a rapidly changing climate and a plateauing of rice yields has been witnessed in the last two decades in many rice growing countries across the world including India. It is therefore imperative to enhance rice productivity and production through application of modern tools of science. This review traces the developments related to rice research and yield improvement over the last six decades and discusses about the conventional and modern approaches to enhance grain yield in rice. These approaches include pre-breeding, wide-hybridization, new plant type/ideotype breeding, heterosis breeding, marker and genomics-assisted breeding, haplotype-based breeding, transgenic breeding and genome editing.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73695888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-07DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.0.4
K. Mondal, Kalaivanan Ns
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the bacterial blight (BB) pathogen employs T3SS-effectors of two classes Xanthomonas Outer protein (Xop) and Transcriptional Activational-Like (TAL) effectors to undermine rice PTI for its limitless proliferation inside the rice during disease development. The TALEs include both complete (tTALEs) as well as incomplete or pseudo/iTALEs. Xoo mutants lacking these effectors functional genes when inoculated on rice caused significant increased expression of rice PTI genes. The both the effectors are tracked to localize to the rice plasma membrane. The effectors secreted in phase manner are targeted to nullify the innate and induced defense response in the host. The immune suppression is mediated through enzymatic and transcriptional function of these effectors. In short analysis, Xop effectors put-off of triggered immunity whereas TAL effectors ensure the supply of required nutrients for the bacteria. In vice-versa, these effectors are recognition factors for induction of defense response in non/resistant hosts which of importance in the exploitation of these factors for improving the resistance of rice against the Xoo. This advocates that Xoo T3 effectors interacts with the host interactors to accomplish its common goal of undermining the plant immunity, either through interfering physiological function or through weakening plant immune protection system. This review highlights the recent understanding into the Xoo-effectors vs rice that opened up novel rice targets and their sensible exploitation could lead to broad spectrum resistance to BB of rice.
{"title":"T3SS-effectors of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae: The arsenal to bout rice immunity for bacterial blight development","authors":"K. Mondal, Kalaivanan Ns","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.0.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.0.4","url":null,"abstract":"Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the bacterial blight (BB) pathogen employs T3SS-effectors of two classes Xanthomonas Outer protein (Xop) and Transcriptional Activational-Like (TAL) effectors to undermine rice PTI for its limitless proliferation inside the rice during disease development. The TALEs include both complete (tTALEs) as well as incomplete or pseudo/iTALEs. Xoo mutants lacking these effectors functional genes when inoculated on rice caused significant increased expression of rice PTI genes. The both the effectors are tracked to localize to the rice plasma membrane. The effectors secreted in phase manner are targeted to nullify the innate and induced defense response in the host. The immune suppression is mediated through enzymatic and transcriptional function of these effectors. In short analysis, Xop effectors put-off of triggered immunity whereas TAL effectors ensure the supply of required nutrients for the bacteria. In vice-versa, these effectors are recognition factors for induction of defense response in non/resistant hosts which of importance in the exploitation of these factors for improving the resistance of rice against the Xoo. This advocates that Xoo T3 effectors interacts with the host interactors to accomplish its common goal of undermining the plant immunity, either through interfering physiological function or through weakening plant immune protection system. This review highlights the recent understanding into the Xoo-effectors vs rice that opened up novel rice targets and their sensible exploitation could lead to broad spectrum resistance to BB of rice.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"399 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78097384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-07DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.0.6
B. Jha, Anup Kumar, S. Kumari, N. Kumari
ICT is an umbrella term that includes communication devices like computer, mobile phone, radio, television, network hardware, satellite system etc. as well as services like audio and video call, text and multimedia messages. During first decade of twenty- first century, there had been spurt in experimentation of ICT in agriculture by the government, private, co-operative and non-government organizations (NGOs). The initiatives gave mixed result of success and failures. The initial challenges like lack of power back up, poor connectivity, high cost, lack of computer literacy and absence of digital content are disappearing at a faster rate. The growth in network infrastructure, cloud computing, decreasing price of computer and mobile phone and digital literacy have increased the internet access. The present-day initiatives involve multiple channels like web, mobile app, SMS and IVR in multiple languages. At the same time the gamut of information has been increasing from crop specific information to value chain information. The emergence of social media has opened new vista for agricultural extension through which two-way information in multimedia format can be exchanged at virtually no cost. These technologies can effectively be used for promotion of IFS. However, the response of research and extension system is not very encouraging. The extension professionals should gear up to develop technical competence and exposure so that content could be developed as per channel and in local language of the clients. The frontier technologies like sensor based diagnostic equipments, remote sensing and GIS, GPS technology as well as robotics and drone in agriculture are poised to change the landscape of agricultural extension.
{"title":"ICT application for promotion of integrated farming system","authors":"B. Jha, Anup Kumar, S. Kumari, N. Kumari","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.0.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.0.6","url":null,"abstract":"ICT is an umbrella term that includes communication devices like computer, mobile phone, radio, television, network hardware, satellite system etc. as well as services like audio and video call, text and multimedia messages. During first decade of twenty- first century, there had been spurt in experimentation of ICT in agriculture by the government, private, co-operative and non-government organizations (NGOs). The initiatives gave mixed result of success and failures. The initial challenges like lack of power back up, poor connectivity, high cost, lack of computer literacy and absence of digital content are disappearing at a faster rate. The growth in network infrastructure, cloud computing, decreasing price of computer and mobile phone and digital literacy have increased the internet access. The present-day initiatives involve multiple channels like web, mobile app, SMS and IVR in multiple languages. At the same time the gamut of information has been increasing from crop specific information to value chain information. The emergence of social media has opened new vista for agricultural extension through which two-way information in multimedia format can be exchanged at virtually no cost. These technologies can effectively be used for promotion of IFS. However, the response of research and extension system is not very encouraging. The extension professionals should gear up to develop technical competence and exposure so that content could be developed as per channel and in local language of the clients. The frontier technologies like sensor based diagnostic equipments, remote sensing and GIS, GPS technology as well as robotics and drone in agriculture are poised to change the landscape of agricultural extension.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79493282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-07DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.0.7
J. Bisen, Shiv Kumar, Dharam R. Singh, M. S. Nain, P. Arya, U. Tiwari
The study looks into past trends and volatility in the demand and supply components of the last 50 years (1970 to 2019) besides assessing the reliability of macro-economic scenarios of rice by 2020 to 2030 published by OECD and NITI Aayog. The study infers the growth in the area under rice cultivation is 0.30 per cent per annum but yield growth is 1.79 per cent per annum. Yield growth rather than area growth would drive future increases in rice production. Scanning of scenarios of reduced rice land revealed that India would need to boost its rice yield by a maximum of one tonne per hectare to maintain future output levels. The reliability of the projection of rice by OECD and NITI Aayog is very high since the mean absolute percentage error of demand is below 2 per cent and of supply is below 16 per cent. Discussion on future outlook suggests that India needs to either boost up its agri-infrastructure or free up some of its rice area in favour of resource conservation and crop diversification. The outlook for rice throws light on upcoming possibilities and challenges and suggests recommendations for alternative policy options to address the dynamics in the rice sector.
{"title":"Performance and macro-economic scenarios of rice market outlook in India","authors":"J. Bisen, Shiv Kumar, Dharam R. Singh, M. S. Nain, P. Arya, U. Tiwari","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.0.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.0.7","url":null,"abstract":"The study looks into past trends and volatility in the demand and supply components of the last 50 years (1970 to 2019) besides assessing the reliability of macro-economic scenarios of rice by 2020 to 2030 published by OECD and NITI Aayog. The study infers the growth in the area under rice cultivation is 0.30 per cent per annum but yield growth is 1.79 per cent per annum. Yield growth rather than area growth would drive future increases in rice production. Scanning of scenarios of reduced rice land revealed that India would need to boost its rice yield by a maximum of one tonne per hectare to maintain future output levels. The reliability of the projection of rice by OECD and NITI Aayog is very high since the mean absolute percentage error of demand is below 2 per cent and of supply is below 16 per cent. Discussion on future outlook suggests that India needs to either boost up its agri-infrastructure or free up some of its rice area in favour of resource conservation and crop diversification. The outlook for rice throws light on upcoming possibilities and challenges and suggests recommendations for alternative policy options to address the dynamics in the rice sector.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80587248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-07DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.0.2
Sr Das, A. Kar, S. Pattanaik
{"title":"Genetic diversity of indigenous aromatic rices of Odisha and its use for economic development of rural poor","authors":"Sr Das, A. Kar, S. Pattanaik","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.0.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.0.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84252640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-07DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.0.3
A. Harika, D. R, Sudhir Kumar, Lekshmy S, V. T, Ranjith Ke, Mahesh Kumar, Madhurima D, RN Sahoo, Viswanathan C
Nitrogen (N) is a major nutrient required for growth and yield of rice plants. Several factors including plant, edapic and climate conditions influence the criticle yield response curve of the plants. Apart from breeding for N responsive rice varieties, excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizers have become a general farmers practice to boost rice productivity under intensive cropping system. Now, it is imperative to orient the crop improvement programme for sustainable crop production strategy as well as to achieve the evergreen revolution through improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) under global climate change condition. To develop N-efficient rice varieties under crop breeding programs, it is crucial to comprehend the physiological, genetic and molecular features associated with tolerance to nitrogen deprivation. It has always been challenging for a rice breeders to develop rice varieties with high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), as it is highly complex physiological trait involving several component traits and its dynamic interaction with environemental factor. NUE is a polygenic traits controlled by number of quantitative trait loci's at genomic level. Till date, researchers targeted component traits for increasing NUE such as, nitrogen uptake/absorption, transport from root to shoot, assimilation, utilisation, remobilisation, reasssssmilation and partitioning /redistribution. Here, we described a short summary of the physiological, genetic and molecular underpinnings of nitrogen deficit tolerance and how these prior art information can be used for improving NUE in rice. Insight from our discussions may facilitate the breeders to improve the NUE of rice plants in future.
{"title":"Understanding the physiological, genetic and molecular basis of nitrogen deficiency tolerance and their application in rice improvement","authors":"A. Harika, D. R, Sudhir Kumar, Lekshmy S, V. T, Ranjith Ke, Mahesh Kumar, Madhurima D, RN Sahoo, Viswanathan C","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.0.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.0.3","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen (N) is a major nutrient required for growth and yield of rice plants. Several factors including plant, edapic and climate conditions influence the criticle yield response curve of the plants. Apart from breeding for N responsive rice varieties, excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizers have become a general farmers practice to boost rice productivity under intensive cropping system. Now, it is imperative to orient the crop improvement programme for sustainable crop production strategy as well as to achieve the evergreen revolution through improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) under global climate change condition. To develop N-efficient rice varieties under crop breeding programs, it is crucial to comprehend the physiological, genetic and molecular features associated with tolerance to nitrogen deprivation. It has always been challenging for a rice breeders to develop rice varieties with high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), as it is highly complex physiological trait involving several component traits and its dynamic interaction with environemental factor. NUE is a polygenic traits controlled by number of quantitative trait loci's at genomic level. Till date, researchers targeted component traits for increasing NUE such as, nitrogen uptake/absorption, transport from root to shoot, assimilation, utilisation, remobilisation, reasssssmilation and partitioning /redistribution. Here, we described a short summary of the physiological, genetic and molecular underpinnings of nitrogen deficit tolerance and how these prior art information can be used for improving NUE in rice. Insight from our discussions may facilitate the breeders to improve the NUE of rice plants in future.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77645407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-07DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.0.9
J. Sahoo, A. Mishra, A. Moharana, M. Dash, KC Samal, K. Mohapatra, N. Panda
Rice is the most essential source of calories for humans among the cereals and over half of the world's population is fed on rice. As part of a complete food systems approach, biofortification is an effective technique for nutrition enrichment which refers to the development of micronutrient-rich diet by utilising traditional breeding practises and sophisticated biotechnological tools. To enhance the profile of rice grain for biofortification-related properties, researchers must first understand the genetics of critical biofortification characteristics. Significant increases in micronutrients like iron and zinc, as well as many other important minerals and provitamins are acquired in rice grain using the biofortification strategies. Most indica and japonica rice types have been biofortified over the world, giving them the titles of high iron rice, low phytate rice, high zinc rice, and high carotenoid rice or golden rice. Some of the recent approaches towards rice biofortification, as well as their effects, have been explored in this article.
{"title":"Insights into the recent approaches for rice (Oryza sativa L.) biofortification","authors":"J. Sahoo, A. Mishra, A. Moharana, M. Dash, KC Samal, K. Mohapatra, N. Panda","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.0.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.0.9","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is the most essential source of calories for humans among the cereals and over half of the world's population is fed on rice. As part of a complete food systems approach, biofortification is an effective technique for nutrition enrichment which refers to the development of micronutrient-rich diet by utilising traditional breeding practises and sophisticated biotechnological tools. To enhance the profile of rice grain for biofortification-related properties, researchers must first understand the genetics of critical biofortification characteristics. Significant increases in micronutrients like iron and zinc, as well as many other important minerals and provitamins are acquired in rice grain using the biofortification strategies. Most indica and japonica rice types have been biofortified over the world, giving them the titles of high iron rice, low phytate rice, high zinc rice, and high carotenoid rice or golden rice. Some of the recent approaches towards rice biofortification, as well as their effects, have been explored in this article.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90425916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.35709/ory.2022.59.4.5
Swagata Das, S. Duary, Tufleuddin Biswas, K. Sengupta
In the developing world rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important cereal crop and it is the staple food of over half of the world’s population. More than 90% of rice is produced and consumed in Asia. Extensive use of chemical fertilizers causes a great alteration in soil physiology and reduce the soil fertility, damages the flora and causes soil erosion and reduce NUE (Nutrient Use Efficiency). A field experiment was conducted in the year 2019-20 in summer rice at the institutional farm, Jaguli, B.C.K.V, Nadia, West Bengal on “Effect of different nano-fertilizer on growth and yield of summer rice” to study the effect of nano-fertilizers on growth, yield and yield components of summer rice. In case of plant height and dry matter accumulation (g/m2), the highest value was observed in T8 treatment (50% Recommended dose of Zn + 100% N - P - K+ Foliar application of Nano Zn). In LAI also the same trend follows as like DMA. Maximum grain yield and straw yield was recorded from T8 treatment (5.61 t/ha and 6.18 t/ha respectively) followed by T9 treatment. It was observed that highest B:C ratio was also seen in T8 treatment followed by T9 and T3 treatment. From the economic analysis of different treatments, it was observed that highest B:C ratio was seen in T8 treatment followed by T9 and T3 treatment. So, T8 treatment is beneficial in economical aspect also.
在发展中国家，水稻(Oryza sativa L.)是最重要的谷类作物，是世界上一半以上人口的主食。超过90%的大米是在亚洲生产和消费的。化肥的大量使用使土壤生理发生巨大变化，降低土壤肥力，破坏植物群，造成土壤侵蚀，降低养分利用效率(NUE)。2019- 2020年，在西孟加拉邦纳迪亚省Jaguli的机构农场进行了“不同纳米肥料对夏稻生长和产量的影响”的田间试验，研究纳米肥料对夏稻生长、产量和产量组成的影响。在株高和干物质积累量(g/m2)方面，T8处理(50%推荐用量Zn + 100% N - P - K+叶面施用纳米Zn)最高。在LAI中也有与DMA相同的趋势。T8处理籽粒和秸秆产量最高(分别为5.61 t/ hm2和6.18 t/ hm2)， T9处理次之。B:C比值在T8处理中最高，其次是T9和T3处理。从不同处理的经济分析来看，B:C比值最高的是T8处理，其次是T9和T3处理。因此，T8处理在经济方面也是有益的。
{"title":"Effect of different nano-fertilizer on growth and yield of summer rice","authors":"Swagata Das, S. Duary, Tufleuddin Biswas, K. Sengupta","doi":"10.35709/ory.2022.59.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2022.59.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"In the developing world rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important cereal crop and it is the staple food of over half of the world’s population. More than 90% of rice is produced and consumed in Asia. Extensive use of chemical fertilizers causes a great alteration in soil physiology and reduce the soil fertility, damages the flora and causes soil erosion and reduce NUE (Nutrient Use Efficiency). A field experiment was conducted in the year 2019-20 in summer rice at the institutional farm, Jaguli, B.C.K.V, Nadia, West Bengal on “Effect of different nano-fertilizer on growth and yield of summer rice” to study the effect of nano-fertilizers on growth, yield and yield components of summer rice. In case of plant height and dry matter accumulation (g/m2), the highest value was observed in T8 treatment (50% Recommended dose of Zn + 100% N - P - K+ Foliar application of Nano Zn). In LAI also the same trend follows as like DMA. Maximum grain yield and straw yield was recorded from T8 treatment (5.61 t/ha and 6.18 t/ha respectively) followed by T9 treatment. It was observed that highest B:C ratio was also seen in T8 treatment followed by T9 and T3 treatment. From the economic analysis of different treatments, it was observed that highest B:C ratio was seen in T8 treatment followed by T9 and T3 treatment. So, T8 treatment is beneficial in economical aspect also.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79139853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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