Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.10
T. Samant, L. Garnayak, R. Paikaray, P. Mishra, B. Rath
A field experiment was conducted during 2019-20 and 2020-21 to study the effect of nutrient management and rice establishment methods on rice productivity, profitability, nutrient uptake and energetics in rice-groundnut cropping system in coastal Odisha. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomised block design during the Kharif and in split-plot design during the Rabi seasons with three replications. Six treatment combinations comprising of two rice establishment methods viz., direct seeded rice (DSR) and transplanted rice (TPR) and three nutrient management practices, viz., inorganic source, organic source and integrated nutrient management (INM) to rice during kharif were allotted to the main-plots. Three nutrient management practices to groundnut viz., 75% soil test based inorganic fertilizers (STBF), 100% STBF (inorganic) and INM during rabi were allotted to the sub-plots. The results of the study revealed that TPR resulted in 3.3% higher grain yield (5.65 t ha-1) than DSR. TPR also fetched the higher mean cost of cultivation (Rs. 77, 816 ha-1) and gross returns (Rs. 1, 12, 353 ha-1) while DSR recorded more net returns (Rs. 39, 121 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (1.68). Transplanting increased uptake of nutrients by rice crop to the maximum of 99.4 kg N, 27.9 kg P and 107.3 kg K ha-1 as compared to DSR. TPR recorded the higher energy output (1, 48, 205 MJ ha-1), energy ratio (18.0) and energy productivity (0.69 kg MJ-1) than DSR. INM exhibited the highest mean grain (6.06 t ha-1) and straw yields (7.09 t ha-1), while the organic management showed at par of these values. The INM practice also fetched 50, 781 ha-1 and 7,470 ha-1 higher net returns and 0.84 and 0.04 higher benefit: cost ratio over organic practice and inorganic nutrition, respectively. The INM practice in rice crop resulted in the maximum N, P and K uptake. But, the inorganic and organic practice in isolation have similar uptake of nutrients by the crop in accordance with their almost similar yields. The minimum energy for raising rice crop was spent in organic practice, which generated maximum energy ratio (23.4) and energy productivity (0.87 kg MJ-1) followed by INM and inorganic practice. Thus, transplanting method of rice establishment with INM approach is a viable management practice for improving productivity, profitability, nutrient uptake and energy efficiency of rice in rice-groundnut cropping system in coastal Odisha.
通过2019- 2020年和2020- 2021年的田间试验，研究了营养管理和水稻种植方式对奥里萨邦沿海水稻-花生种植系统水稻生产力、盈利能力、养分吸收和能量学的影响。试验在哈里夫季节采用因子随机区组设计，在拉比季节采用分块设计，共3个重复。主田采用直接播种稻(DSR)和移栽稻(TPR)两种水稻种植方法和无机源、有机源和水稻综合营养管理(INM)三种养分管理方法组成的6种处理组合。花生的养分管理采用75%土壤试验基无机肥(STBF)、100%土壤试验基无机肥(STBF)和无机无机肥(INM) 3种方式。结果表明，TPR比DSR增产3.3% (5.65 t hm -1)。TPR的平均种植成本(77,816公顷-1)和总收益(1,12,353公顷-1)也较高，而DSR的净收益(39,121公顷-1)和效益成本比(1.68)更高。与DSR相比，移栽可增加水稻作物对养分的吸收，最高可达99.4 kg N、27.9 kg P和107.3 kg K hm -1。TPR的能量输出(1,48,205 MJ ha-1)、能量比(18.0)和能量生产率(0.69 kg MJ-1)均高于DSR。有机管理的平均粒数(6.06 t hm -1)和秸秆产量(7.09 t hm -1)最高，有机管理的平均粒数和秸秆产量基本相同。与有机营养和无机营养相比，INM的净收益分别高出50、781和7470公顷，效益:成本比分别高出0.84和0.04。稻作氮磷钾吸收量最大。但是，孤立的无机和有机做法，根据其几乎相似的产量，作物对养分的吸收相似。水稻种植过程中，有机栽培消耗的能量最少，能量比最高(23.4 kg MJ-1)，能量生产力最高(0.87 kg MJ-1)，其次为无机栽培和无机栽培。因此，在奥里萨邦沿海水稻-花生种植系统中，采用INM方法种植水稻是提高水稻生产力、盈利能力、养分吸收和能源效率的可行管理方法。
{"title":"Rice (Oryza sativa L.) productivity, profitability, nutrient uptake and energetics under different nutrient management and rice establishment methods in rice-groundnut cropping system","authors":"T. Samant, L. Garnayak, R. Paikaray, P. Mishra, B. Rath","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted during 2019-20 and 2020-21 to study the effect of nutrient management and rice establishment methods on rice productivity, profitability, nutrient uptake and energetics in rice-groundnut cropping system in coastal Odisha. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomised block design during the Kharif and in split-plot design during the Rabi seasons with three replications. Six treatment combinations comprising of two rice establishment methods viz., direct seeded rice (DSR) and transplanted rice (TPR) and three nutrient management practices, viz., inorganic source, organic source and integrated nutrient management (INM) to rice during kharif were allotted to the main-plots. Three nutrient management practices to groundnut viz., 75% soil test based inorganic fertilizers (STBF), 100% STBF (inorganic) and INM during rabi were allotted to the sub-plots. The results of the study revealed that TPR resulted in 3.3% higher grain yield (5.65 t ha-1) than DSR. TPR also fetched the higher mean cost of cultivation (Rs. 77, 816 ha-1) and gross returns (Rs. 1, 12, 353 ha-1) while DSR recorded more net returns (Rs. 39, 121 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (1.68). Transplanting increased uptake of nutrients by rice crop to the maximum of 99.4 kg N, 27.9 kg P and 107.3 kg K ha-1 as compared to DSR. TPR recorded the higher energy output (1, 48, 205 MJ ha-1), energy ratio (18.0) and energy productivity (0.69 kg MJ-1) than DSR. INM exhibited the highest mean grain (6.06 t ha-1) and straw yields (7.09 t ha-1), while the organic management showed at par of these values. The INM practice also fetched 50, 781 ha-1 and 7,470 ha-1 higher net returns and 0.84 and 0.04 higher benefit: cost ratio over organic practice and inorganic nutrition, respectively. The INM practice in rice crop resulted in the maximum N, P and K uptake. But, the inorganic and organic practice in isolation have similar uptake of nutrients by the crop in accordance with their almost similar yields. The minimum energy for raising rice crop was spent in organic practice, which generated maximum energy ratio (23.4) and energy productivity (0.87 kg MJ-1) followed by INM and inorganic practice. Thus, transplanting method of rice establishment with INM approach is a viable management practice for improving productivity, profitability, nutrient uptake and energy efficiency of rice in rice-groundnut cropping system in coastal Odisha.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81318546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.1
Snigdha Samir Pattnaik, Prachitara Rout, S. Bhuyan, B. Dash, R. Verma, Parmeswarn C, J. Katara, Sabarinathan S, B. Nayak, Narayanperumala Ramesh, S. Samantaray
Utilisation of the doubled haploid method presents a promising opportunity to achieve homozygosity in an efficient manner. The present study centred on the identification of potential doubled haploids for the assessment of various agronomic traits, including days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of tillers, panicle length, and grain yield across three distinct growing seasons. The results of the analysis of variance indicated that there were no statistically significant differences within the DHs, indicating homogeneity. However, there was a significant amount of variation observed between the DHs.The present study reports on various traits, including panicle length and number of tillers, which exhibited a coefficient of variation of 18.02% and 16.81%, respectively. Additionally, grain yield, plant height, and days to 50% flowering displayed a coefficient of variation of 20.06%, 18.40%, and 18.72%, respectively. In general, among the 21 DHs evaluated, 6 DHs displayed superior yield while 2 DHs demonstrated comparable yield to the parent hybrid across 3 consecutive seasons. DHs possessing potential yield traits have the potential to enhance rice productivity through their utilisation in breeding initiatives.
{"title":"Agronomical performances of doubled haploids derived through androgenesis of a quality rice hybrid 27P63","authors":"Snigdha Samir Pattnaik, Prachitara Rout, S. Bhuyan, B. Dash, R. Verma, Parmeswarn C, J. Katara, Sabarinathan S, B. Nayak, Narayanperumala Ramesh, S. Samantaray","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Utilisation of the doubled haploid method presents a promising opportunity to achieve homozygosity in an efficient manner. The present study centred on the identification of potential doubled haploids for the assessment of various agronomic traits, including days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of tillers, panicle length, and grain yield across three distinct growing seasons. The results of the analysis of variance indicated that there were no statistically significant differences within the DHs, indicating homogeneity. However, there was a significant amount of variation observed between the DHs.The present study reports on various traits, including panicle length and number of tillers, which exhibited a coefficient of variation of 18.02% and 16.81%, respectively. Additionally, grain yield, plant height, and days to 50% flowering displayed a coefficient of variation of 20.06%, 18.40%, and 18.72%, respectively. In general, among the 21 DHs evaluated, 6 DHs displayed superior yield while 2 DHs demonstrated comparable yield to the parent hybrid across 3 consecutive seasons. DHs possessing potential yield traits have the potential to enhance rice productivity through their utilisation in breeding initiatives.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87960921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.13
D. S. Rao, N. Siromani, J. Poojitha, A. Sakhare, P. Raghuveer Rao, D. Subrahmanyam
High-temperature stress (HS) due to global warming has become a serious threat to global food and nutritional security. Among the various agro-morphological and physiological changes observed in rice (Oryza Sativa L.) due to high-temperature sress, yield and grain quality are highly important and they vary among the germplasm. As reports on the effect of high-temperature stress on grain quality are less, rice grown under ambient as well as high-temperature conditions were subjected to important grain quality aspects to identify the least affected rice. Twenty-five entries were cultivated in two neighboring experimental plots, one for normal and the other for high-temperature stress (HS). High-temperature stress was imposed by enclosing the field-grown crop with a transparent polyethylene sheet supported by a metal frame at the onset of the reproductive phase. Temperature inside the above structure (treatment) as well as outside (control) was recorded until the crop was harvested. The mean minimum and maximum increase in temperatures were 0.67°C and 10.2°C respectively over the ambient conditions. After harvesting, all the paddy samples of both control and treatment were dried under shade and processed to brown rice which was manually separated into chalky and normal grains on a trans-illuminator. Further, total starch and protein contents were estimated separately in the chalky and normal grains of each sample. ANOVA indicated that temperature during the reproductive stage significantly (p<0.01) influenced the starch as well as protein contents. An increase in total starch content was observed in both normal and chalky grains under high-temperature stress. The difference in total starch amongst the genotypes was significant (p<0.01), however, the differences in total starch content between normal and chalky grain under both control and high-temperature stress condition was non-significant. Although the mean protein content for all the genotypes was not significantly affected in chalky and normal grains under control, it was reduced by >5% in chalky grains under high-temperature stress. Five entries noted £10% yield loss. Of these, IET29944 appears to be less affected in multiple parameters.
{"title":"Effect of high-temperature stress on rice grain quality","authors":"D. S. Rao, N. Siromani, J. Poojitha, A. Sakhare, P. Raghuveer Rao, D. Subrahmanyam","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"High-temperature stress (HS) due to global warming has become a serious threat to global food and nutritional security. Among the various agro-morphological and physiological changes observed in rice (Oryza Sativa L.) due to high-temperature sress, yield and grain quality are highly important and they vary among the germplasm. As reports on the effect of high-temperature stress on grain quality are less, rice grown under ambient as well as high-temperature conditions were subjected to important grain quality aspects to identify the least affected rice. Twenty-five entries were cultivated in two neighboring experimental plots, one for normal and the other for high-temperature stress (HS). High-temperature stress was imposed by enclosing the field-grown crop with a transparent polyethylene sheet supported by a metal frame at the onset of the reproductive phase. Temperature inside the above structure (treatment) as well as outside (control) was recorded until the crop was harvested. The mean minimum and maximum increase in temperatures were 0.67°C and 10.2°C respectively over the ambient conditions. After harvesting, all the paddy samples of both control and treatment were dried under shade and processed to brown rice which was manually separated into chalky and normal grains on a trans-illuminator. Further, total starch and protein contents were estimated separately in the chalky and normal grains of each sample. ANOVA indicated that temperature during the reproductive stage significantly (p<0.01) influenced the starch as well as protein contents. An increase in total starch content was observed in both normal and chalky grains under high-temperature stress. The difference in total starch amongst the genotypes was significant (p<0.01), however, the differences in total starch content between normal and chalky grain under both control and high-temperature stress condition was non-significant. Although the mean protein content for all the genotypes was not significantly affected in chalky and normal grains under control, it was reduced by >5% in chalky grains under high-temperature stress. Five entries noted £10% yield loss. Of these, IET29944 appears to be less affected in multiple parameters.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"189 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81065701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.6
S. Behera, S. Shaw, P. Rath, T. Adak, B. G, G. G, A. M, P. Pati, L. Mandol, N. Patil
The most destructive stored grain pests in India are the rust red flour beetle and the rice weevil. The most common method for controlling these two pests in storage is phosphine fumigation. However, frequent and acute or chronic doses of exposure than the recommended doses lead to the development of genetic and morphological resistance by changing their traits towards phosphine.Our recent study aimed to detect phosphine resistance degreesin T. castaneum and S. oryzae populations from twelve locations in Odisha. According to bioassay analysis, for S. oryzae after 24 hrs exposure period forphosphine gas to all the assessed populations, the LC50 value varied from 0.004 mg/l to 0.038 mg/l and the population of one location i.e., Chhata (Kendrapara) was found to have strong resistance to phosphine with 9.50 fold more resistant in comparison with the laboratory population. The phosphine toxicity levels for T. castaneum ranged from the LC50 values of 0.130 mg/l (Kendupali, Barghar) to 0.011 mg/l (Durgapali, Sambalpur), i.e., they were 13.00 and 1.10 times more resistant than the laboratory-susceptible population. It is possible that increasing resistance levels is due to storage structures are not tightly sealed during fumigation leading to sub-lethal phosphine concentration and lack of knowledge about fumigation procedures.
{"title":"Toxicity and resistance levels of phosphine against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) populations","authors":"S. Behera, S. Shaw, P. Rath, T. Adak, B. G, G. G, A. M, P. Pati, L. Mandol, N. Patil","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"The most destructive stored grain pests in India are the rust red flour beetle and the rice weevil. The most common method for controlling these two pests in storage is phosphine fumigation. However, frequent and acute or chronic doses of exposure than the recommended doses lead to the development of genetic and morphological resistance by changing their traits towards phosphine.Our recent study aimed to detect phosphine resistance degreesin T. castaneum and S. oryzae populations from twelve locations in Odisha. According to bioassay analysis, for S. oryzae after 24 hrs exposure period forphosphine gas to all the assessed populations, the LC50 value varied from 0.004 mg/l to 0.038 mg/l and the population of one location i.e., Chhata (Kendrapara) was found to have strong resistance to phosphine with 9.50 fold more resistant in comparison with the laboratory population. The phosphine toxicity levels for T. castaneum ranged from the LC50 values of 0.130 mg/l (Kendupali, Barghar) to 0.011 mg/l (Durgapali, Sambalpur), i.e., they were 13.00 and 1.10 times more resistant than the laboratory-susceptible population. It is possible that increasing resistance levels is due to storage structures are not tightly sealed during fumigation leading to sub-lethal phosphine concentration and lack of knowledge about fumigation procedures.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73801249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.14
M. Ghosh, DM Pyngrope, Sripriya Das, B. Das, Koushik Roy, S. Banerjee, J. Gorain, Sutanu Sarkar, T. Ghose
The morpho-genetic characterization of Kalojira, a black-husked non-Basmati type scented rice landrace, was done at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (BCKV), Kalyani, West Bengal, India during kharif (wet) season of 2013, 2014 for DUS test, followed by 2019 and 2020 for confirmation of recorded traits, and molecular study was conducted at Bose Institute, Kolkata. The long-statured plants (scale 7, 140-150 cm height) had less foliage and stiff culm with late heading (119±4 days) and late maturity (scale 7, 151±4 days). The bi-sexual flower of the genotype consisted of six yellow-coloured plump anthers and an ovary with white-coloured feathery stigma. The short-sized matured grain (4.9 mm) had black coloured lemma-palea without awn, purple sterile lemma and low test weight (13.1 g). The white-coloured short-bold type kernels (length 3.7 mm and width 2.1 mm) had low amylose content (18.0%), medium gelatinization temperature (alkali spreading value 3.1) and medium-strong aroma (score 2.4). The DNA-based study using 23 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers revealed that four markers (RM 149, RM 339, RM 341 and RM 569) made greater genetic distances (276 vs. 247 bp, 180 vs. 143 bp, 141 vs. 175 bp, and 194 vs. 168 bp, respectively) between Kalojira and IR 36 in the investigation.
{"title":"Morpho-genetic characterization of black-husked small-grain aromatic rice landrace Kalojira of West Bengal","authors":"M. Ghosh, DM Pyngrope, Sripriya Das, B. Das, Koushik Roy, S. Banerjee, J. Gorain, Sutanu Sarkar, T. Ghose","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.14","url":null,"abstract":"The morpho-genetic characterization of Kalojira, a black-husked non-Basmati type scented rice landrace, was done at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (BCKV), Kalyani, West Bengal, India during kharif (wet) season of 2013, 2014 for DUS test, followed by 2019 and 2020 for confirmation of recorded traits, and molecular study was conducted at Bose Institute, Kolkata. The long-statured plants (scale 7, 140-150 cm height) had less foliage and stiff culm with late heading (119±4 days) and late maturity (scale 7, 151±4 days). The bi-sexual flower of the genotype consisted of six yellow-coloured plump anthers and an ovary with white-coloured feathery stigma. The short-sized matured grain (4.9 mm) had black coloured lemma-palea without awn, purple sterile lemma and low test weight (13.1 g). The white-coloured short-bold type kernels (length 3.7 mm and width 2.1 mm) had low amylose content (18.0%), medium gelatinization temperature (alkali spreading value 3.1) and medium-strong aroma (score 2.4). The DNA-based study using 23 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers revealed that four markers (RM 149, RM 339, RM 341 and RM 569) made greater genetic distances (276 vs. 247 bp, 180 vs. 143 bp, 141 vs. 175 bp, and 194 vs. 168 bp, respectively) between Kalojira and IR 36 in the investigation.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79026108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.5
R. S. Raju, C. Sahoo, P. Hanjagi, Samal Kc, Devanna Bn, Manas Dash, Sushma M. Awaji, M. Baig
In cereals, pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) or vivipary is a key physiological and agronomic trait that causes huge economic loss. PHS triggered by typhoons, cyclones, and high relative humidity at the late seed maturation stage is becoming a major threat to rice production in India. To explore the mechanism of PHS in rice, we evaluated 96 rice genotypes for PHS resistance and discovered 12 PHS resistant genotypes. These genotypes were classified into two groups susceptible and resistant, based on their phenotype. From the 96 genotypes, 16 contrasting genotypes were chosen, to unravel the underlying mechanism associated with PHS resistance. The results revealed that resistant genotypes had 0% germination at all the flowering stages (20 to 40 DAF), while susceptible genotypes had 4 to 87.5% germination from 20 to 40 DAF. In terms of pericarp color, 7 out of 8 resistant genotypes had red/pigmented pericarp color while the susceptible genotypes had white/non-pigmented pericarp color. The carotenoid content of leaves and seeds from 20 to 40 DAF was also measured and found to be significantly higher in resistant genotypes than susceptible genotypes. Carotenoids have been demonstrated to increase resistance by assisting in the synthesis of ABA and thereby seed dormancy. The 12 resistant genotypes were examined for germination to decide the duration of dormancy. The duration of dormancy varied in these 12 resistant genotypes varying from 10 days up to 40 days after harvest. These findings suggest that these novel PHS resistant genotypes (PB-68, HT-81, PB-50(1), HT-86, HT-20, Mahulata, PB-285, PB-47, NHN-279, PB-65, PB-259 and Budidhan) may be exploited as donors in the crop improvement programmes to generate PHS resistant genotypes.
{"title":"Physiological and biochemical traits regulating preharvest sprouting resistance in rice","authors":"R. S. Raju, C. Sahoo, P. Hanjagi, Samal Kc, Devanna Bn, Manas Dash, Sushma M. Awaji, M. Baig","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"In cereals, pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) or vivipary is a key physiological and agronomic trait that causes huge economic loss. PHS triggered by typhoons, cyclones, and high relative humidity at the late seed maturation stage is becoming a major threat to rice production in India. To explore the mechanism of PHS in rice, we evaluated 96 rice genotypes for PHS resistance and discovered 12 PHS resistant genotypes. These genotypes were classified into two groups susceptible and resistant, based on their phenotype. From the 96 genotypes, 16 contrasting genotypes were chosen, to unravel the underlying mechanism associated with PHS resistance. The results revealed that resistant genotypes had 0% germination at all the flowering stages (20 to 40 DAF), while susceptible genotypes had 4 to 87.5% germination from 20 to 40 DAF. In terms of pericarp color, 7 out of 8 resistant genotypes had red/pigmented pericarp color while the susceptible genotypes had white/non-pigmented pericarp color. The carotenoid content of leaves and seeds from 20 to 40 DAF was also measured and found to be significantly higher in resistant genotypes than susceptible genotypes. Carotenoids have been demonstrated to increase resistance by assisting in the synthesis of ABA and thereby seed dormancy. The 12 resistant genotypes were examined for germination to decide the duration of dormancy. The duration of dormancy varied in these 12 resistant genotypes varying from 10 days up to 40 days after harvest. These findings suggest that these novel PHS resistant genotypes (PB-68, HT-81, PB-50(1), HT-86, HT-20, Mahulata, PB-285, PB-47, NHN-279, PB-65, PB-259 and Budidhan) may be exploited as donors in the crop improvement programmes to generate PHS resistant genotypes.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74421460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.4
Eighty indigenous rice genotypes were evaluated for twenty-nine quantitative and quality traits, planted in RCBD with three replications. The data on different characters were analyzed through Mahalanobis' generalized distance D2 (1936) and Principal Component Analysis for estimating genetic diversity and identification of superior rice genotypes. On the basis of genetic distance the 80 genotypes were grouped into 18 clusters following Tocher's method. Among them, five clusters contain more than one genotype, while thirteen clusters contain single genotype. The genotypes of cluster VIII and IX showed a higher (19816.1) inter cluster distance followed by cluster IV and VIII (12414.7). Cluster V has been discovered to have the largest intra-cluster distance. In order to increase the genetic diversity of rice, genotypes from these clusters may be crossed. On the basis of PCA findings, among all genotypes contributing their presence in more than one PC with high PC score only five genotypes viz., Biranjphool Shivram, Jeera Phool, Basmati Purani, Kardhana Baldev and Kailari Ram Madan confine with favourable yield as well as quality associated PCs, and had excellent remark for both the traits. These genotypes might be utilized in hybridization programme for the transfer of good yield as well as good quality traits in the recipient rice genotypes for the development of promising rice cultivars.
{"title":"Multivariate analysis for evaluation of indigenous rice (Oryza sativa L.) accessions collected from Madhya Pradesh","authors":"","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Eighty indigenous rice genotypes were evaluated for twenty-nine quantitative and quality traits, planted in RCBD with three replications. The data on different characters were analyzed through Mahalanobis' generalized distance D2 (1936) and Principal Component Analysis for estimating genetic diversity and identification of superior rice genotypes. On the basis of genetic distance the 80 genotypes were grouped into 18 clusters following Tocher's method. Among them, five clusters contain more than one genotype, while thirteen clusters contain single genotype. The genotypes of cluster VIII and IX showed a higher (19816.1) inter cluster distance followed by cluster IV and VIII (12414.7). Cluster V has been discovered to have the largest intra-cluster distance. In order to increase the genetic diversity of rice, genotypes from these clusters may be crossed. On the basis of PCA findings, among all genotypes contributing their presence in more than one PC with high PC score only five genotypes viz., Biranjphool Shivram, Jeera Phool, Basmati Purani, Kardhana Baldev and Kailari Ram Madan confine with favourable yield as well as quality associated PCs, and had excellent remark for both the traits. These genotypes might be utilized in hybridization programme for the transfer of good yield as well as good quality traits in the recipient rice genotypes for the development of promising rice cultivars.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91324894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.3
Shikha Kumari, S. Sinha, Satyendra, V. Kumar, R. Singh, Amit Kumar, Ravindra Kumar, Snehanshu Singh
A trial was carried out to explore the variability and correlation among thirty five rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm for fifteen characters, during kharif 2017-18 at Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, (Bihar). Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among all the genotypes and for all fifteen characters, which reflects that considerable amount of variability, were present in the genotypes. Two genotypes LPD104-B-B-1-8-2-1-1and RP5124-11-6-2 were identified as the superior genotypes for yield. The highest magnitude of genotypic coefficient of variation was recorded for length breadth ratio of rice grain, however highest phenotypic coefficients of variation were recorded for grain yield per plant followed by kernel length. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent mean was observed for kernel length and length breadth ratio. In this experiment grain yield per plant had positive and significant association with biological yield per plant, days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, while remaining characters had non-significant association with yield. Path coefficient analysis revealed that the biological yield per plant, harvest index and kernel length had high positive direct effects on grain yield per plant indicating true relationship of these characters with grain yield. Therefore, these traits could be considered in rice improvement programme.
在比哈尔邦农业大学(Sabour, Bihar)进行了一项研究水稻(Oryza sativa L.) 35个种质间15个性状变异和相关性的试验。方差分析显示所有基因型和所有15个性状之间存在显著差异，这反映了基因型中存在相当大的变异性。两个基因型lpd104 - b - b -1-8-2-1-1和RP5124-11-6-2被鉴定为产量优势基因型。籽粒长宽比的基因型变异系数最大，单株产量的表型变异系数最大，其次是粒长。籽粒长和长宽比具有较高的遗传力和遗传进阶率。单株籽粒产量与单株生物产量、开花天数至50%、成熟天数呈显著正相关，其余性状与产量无显著正相关。通径系数分析表明，单株生物产量、收获指数和粒长对单株籽粒产量有较高的正向直接影响，表明这些性状与籽粒产量存在真实的关系。因此，这些性状可在水稻改良方案中加以考虑。
{"title":"Estimation of genetic variability, correlation and path analysis in elite rice genotypes (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"Shikha Kumari, S. Sinha, Satyendra, V. Kumar, R. Singh, Amit Kumar, Ravindra Kumar, Snehanshu Singh","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"A trial was carried out to explore the variability and correlation among thirty five rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm for fifteen characters, during kharif 2017-18 at Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, (Bihar). Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among all the genotypes and for all fifteen characters, which reflects that considerable amount of variability, were present in the genotypes. Two genotypes LPD104-B-B-1-8-2-1-1and RP5124-11-6-2 were identified as the superior genotypes for yield. The highest magnitude of genotypic coefficient of variation was recorded for length breadth ratio of rice grain, however highest phenotypic coefficients of variation were recorded for grain yield per plant followed by kernel length. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent mean was observed for kernel length and length breadth ratio. In this experiment grain yield per plant had positive and significant association with biological yield per plant, days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, while remaining characters had non-significant association with yield. Path coefficient analysis revealed that the biological yield per plant, harvest index and kernel length had high positive direct effects on grain yield per plant indicating true relationship of these characters with grain yield. Therefore, these traits could be considered in rice improvement programme.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81412599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.11
Swati Sucharita, S. Rautaray, M. Satapathy, R. Nayak
A field experiment was conducted at the Central Farm, Regional Research and Technology Transfer Station of Coastal Zone, OUAT Bhubaneswar in kharif 2021 to study the effect of zinc fertilizer application on growth, yield and income of rice in a zinc (Zn) deficient soil. The soil was sandy loam, acidic (pH 5.4), medium in organic carbon (0.61%) and available P (10.3 kg ha-1) while low in available N (155.4 kg ha-1) and K (82.1 kg ha-1). Eight treatment combinations comprising rate, source and method of Zn application were laid out in a randomized block design with 3 replications. The results revealed that soil application of Zn 5 kg ha-1 as basal followed by foliar spray of Zn @ 0.1% produced highest LAI (3.87), dry matter production (25.9 g hill-1), panicles m-2 (315.8), test weight (22.76 g), grain yield (4937 kg ha-1), and zinc content in grain (39.48 mg kg-1) and straw (55.87mg kg-1). However, application of Zn @ 5 kg ha-1 alone was at par with the soil application followed by foliar spray. Hence, it is concluded that soil application of Zn 5 kg ha-1 at the time of final land preparation along with the soil test based NPK is optimum for higher productivity and profitability of rice in zinc deficient Inceptisol.
本研究于2021年12月在不丹布巴内斯瓦尔省沿海地区研究与技术转移站中央农场进行了田间试验，研究了锌肥施用对缺锌土壤下水稻生长、产量和收入的影响。土壤为砂壤土，酸性(pH 5.4)，有机碳(0.61%)和有效磷(10.3 kg ha-1)中等，有效氮(155.4 kg ha-1)和钾(82.1 kg ha-1)较低。采用3个重复的随机区组设计，包括施锌率、施锌源和施锌方式等8个处理组合。结果表明，以锌5 kg hm -1为底施，再喷施锌0.1%，可获得最高的LAI(3.87)、干物质产量(25.9 g hm -1)、穗数(315.8)、试验重(22.76 g)、籽粒产量(4937 kg hm -1)、籽粒锌含量(39.48 mg kg-1)和秸秆锌含量(55.87mg kg-1)。然而，单独施用Zn @ 5 kg ha-1与土壤施用后叶面喷淋的效果相当。综上所述，在最后整地时施用5 kg ha-1的锌，并在土壤试验中施用氮磷钾，可提高缺锌水稻的生产力和盈利能力。
{"title":"Zinc fertilizer application improves growth, yield and profit of paddy (Oryza sativa L.) in a zinc deficient Inceptisol","authors":"Swati Sucharita, S. Rautaray, M. Satapathy, R. Nayak","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted at the Central Farm, Regional Research and Technology Transfer Station of Coastal Zone, OUAT Bhubaneswar in kharif 2021 to study the effect of zinc fertilizer application on growth, yield and income of rice in a zinc (Zn) deficient soil. The soil was sandy loam, acidic (pH 5.4), medium in organic carbon (0.61%) and available P (10.3 kg ha-1) while low in available N (155.4 kg ha-1) and K (82.1 kg ha-1). Eight treatment combinations comprising rate, source and method of Zn application were laid out in a randomized block design with 3 replications. The results revealed that soil application of Zn 5 kg ha-1 as basal followed by foliar spray of Zn @ 0.1% produced highest LAI (3.87), dry matter production (25.9 g hill-1), panicles m-2 (315.8), test weight (22.76 g), grain yield (4937 kg ha-1), and zinc content in grain (39.48 mg kg-1) and straw (55.87mg kg-1). However, application of Zn @ 5 kg ha-1 alone was at par with the soil application followed by foliar spray. Hence, it is concluded that soil application of Zn 5 kg ha-1 at the time of final land preparation along with the soil test based NPK is optimum for higher productivity and profitability of rice in zinc deficient Inceptisol.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73484028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.13
Devi Vs
A field experiment was laid out in RBD with 16 treatments in three replications with rice variety Uma. The treatments were dolomite, lime + MgSO4 or Rice Husk Ash (RHA) + MgSO4 along with 100% package of practice recommendations of Kerala Agricultural University (POP) alone or with 100% POP + foliar spray of 13:0:45 (1%) or borax (0.5%) or 13:0:45 + borax at PI stage. Lime + MgSO4 + 75% POP + 13:0:45 + borax as well as lime without MgSO4 + 100% POP combined with 13:0:45 or borax or both were also included as treatments. The treatment dolomite + POP + 13:0:45 produced the highest grain yield of 5.42 and 5.57 t ha-1 during 2015 and 2016 respectively. This treatment was followed by dolomite + POP + 13:0:45 + borax and lime + POP + MgSO4 + 13:0:45 during both the years. Lower yields were produced by the treatments involving RHA and 75% POP. The pooled analysis of two years' data also proved the significance of the treatments involving dolomite + POP or lime + POP + MgSO4 on grain yield. The highest yield of 5.49 t ha-1 was recorded by dolomite + POP + 13:0:45 followed by dolomite + POP + 13:0:45 + borax and lime + MgSO4 + POP + 13:0:45. The treatments involving RHA and 75% POP registered significantly lower grain yield in the pooled data. The treatments involving dolomite registered lower status of soil available Fe and higher status of available Mn and B. Higher status of available Zn was registered by the treatments involving dolomite or lime + MgSO4. The treatments involving dolomite, lime + MgSO4 or RHA + MgSO4 along with POP registered higher available Cu in the soil. Dolomite treatments recorded lower status of Na and exchangeable Al in the soil. Dolomite or lime + MgSO4 along with POP + 13:0:45 with or without borax registered higher uptake of Fe, Mn and Zn while dolomite + POP + 13:0:45 with or without borax recorded higher uptake of Cu and B. The treatments involving RHA and 75% POP recorded lower uptake of micronutrients during both the years. Uptake of Na was the highest with RHA + POP + MgSO4 + 13:0:45 during first year and with dolomite + POP during second year. Higher Al uptake was observed with lime + POP + 13:0:45 with or without MgSO4. The grain yield was significantly and positively correlated with the uptake of Mn, Zn, Cu and B and significantly and negatively correlated with Fe during the first year. During the second year, the yield was significantly and positively correlated with uptake of nutrients except Na and Al. The results indicated that amelioration of soil acidity is a crucial management practice for improving the availability and uptake of nutrients resulting in higher yield.
以乌玛品种为研究对象，进行了3个重复16个处理的RBD田间试验。处理为白云石、石灰+硫酸镁或稻壳灰(RHA) +硫酸镁，同时单独使用100%喀拉拉邦农业大学(POP)的实践建议包，或在PI阶段使用100% POP +叶面喷雾13:0:45(1%)或硼砂(0.5%)或13:0:45 +硼砂。石灰+ MgSO4 + 75% POP + 13:0:45 +硼砂，以及不加MgSO4 + 100% POP的石灰与13:0:45或硼砂或两者均作为处理。白云岩+ POP + 13:0:45处理2015年和2016年籽粒产量最高，分别为5.42和5.57 t hm -1。在这两年中，接下来是白云石+ POP + 13:0:45 +硼砂和石灰+ POP + MgSO4 + 13:0:45。RHA和75% POP处理产量较低。2年数据的综合分析也证实了白云石+ POP或石灰+ POP + MgSO4处理对籽粒产量的影响。白云石+ POP + 13:0:45的产量最高，为5.49 t hm -1，其次是白云石+ POP + 13:0:45 +硼砂和石灰+ MgSO4 + POP + 13:0:45。在汇总数据中，RHA和75% POP处理的籽粒产量显著降低。白云岩处理土壤有效铁含量较低，有效锰和有效硼含量较高，白云岩或石灰+ MgSO4处理土壤有效锌含量较高。白云石、石灰+ MgSO4或RHA + MgSO4加POP处理土壤有效铜含量较高。白云石处理土壤中Na和交换性Al的状态较低。白云石或石灰+ MgSO4 + POP + 13:0:45加硼砂或不加硼砂处理对Fe、Mn和Zn的吸收量较高，而白云石+ POP + 13:0:45加硼砂或不加硼砂处理对Cu和b的吸收量较高。第1年以RHA + POP + MgSO4 + 13:0:45处理，第2年以白云石+ POP处理，Na吸收率最高。石灰+ POP + 13:0:45加MgSO4或不加MgSO4均可观察到较高的铝吸收率。籽粒产量在第一年与Mn、Zn、Cu、B的吸收量呈显著正相关，与Fe的吸收量呈显著负相关。第二年，除Na和Al外，产量与养分吸收呈显著正相关。结果表明，改善土壤酸度是提高养分有效性和吸收从而提高产量的关键管理措施。
{"title":"Effect of different nutrient management practices on nutrient availability and uptake in Vaikom kari soils of Kuttanad, Kerala","authors":"Devi Vs","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was laid out in RBD with 16 treatments in three replications with rice variety Uma. The treatments were dolomite, lime + MgSO4 or Rice Husk Ash (RHA) + MgSO4 along with 100% package of practice recommendations of Kerala Agricultural University (POP) alone or with 100% POP + foliar spray of 13:0:45 (1%) or borax (0.5%) or 13:0:45 + borax at PI stage. Lime + MgSO4 + 75% POP + 13:0:45 + borax as well as lime without MgSO4 + 100% POP combined with 13:0:45 or borax or both were also included as treatments. The treatment dolomite + POP + 13:0:45 produced the highest grain yield of 5.42 and 5.57 t ha-1 during 2015 and 2016 respectively. This treatment was followed by dolomite + POP + 13:0:45 + borax and lime + POP + MgSO4 + 13:0:45 during both the years. Lower yields were produced by the treatments involving RHA and 75% POP. The pooled analysis of two years' data also proved the significance of the treatments involving dolomite + POP or lime + POP + MgSO4 on grain yield. The highest yield of 5.49 t ha-1 was recorded by dolomite + POP + 13:0:45 followed by dolomite + POP + 13:0:45 + borax and lime + MgSO4 + POP + 13:0:45. The treatments involving RHA and 75% POP registered significantly lower grain yield in the pooled data. The treatments involving dolomite registered lower status of soil available Fe and higher status of available Mn and B. Higher status of available Zn was registered by the treatments involving dolomite or lime + MgSO4. The treatments involving dolomite, lime + MgSO4 or RHA + MgSO4 along with POP registered higher available Cu in the soil. Dolomite treatments recorded lower status of Na and exchangeable Al in the soil. Dolomite or lime + MgSO4 along with POP + 13:0:45 with or without borax registered higher uptake of Fe, Mn and Zn while dolomite + POP + 13:0:45 with or without borax recorded higher uptake of Cu and B. The treatments involving RHA and 75% POP recorded lower uptake of micronutrients during both the years. Uptake of Na was the highest with RHA + POP + MgSO4 + 13:0:45 during first year and with dolomite + POP during second year. Higher Al uptake was observed with lime + POP + 13:0:45 with or without MgSO4. The grain yield was significantly and positively correlated with the uptake of Mn, Zn, Cu and B and significantly and negatively correlated with Fe during the first year. During the second year, the yield was significantly and positively correlated with uptake of nutrients except Na and Al. The results indicated that amelioration of soil acidity is a crucial management practice for improving the availability and uptake of nutrients resulting in higher yield.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88362228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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