Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2022.59.3.5
Snehanshu Singh, Aarti Sharma, O. Verma
A hybridization program was carried out employing Line x Tester mating design in 15 rice genotypes which included: long grained-(LG); saline soil tolerant-(ST) and alkaline soil tolerant- (AT). Among the chosen genotypes, 12 genotypes (LG, ST and AT) were selected as lines and crossed with three tester (ST and AT) genotypes to obtain 36 F1s. A total of 10 yield attributing traits were studied on 36 F1s along with parents to assess the combining ability effect and type of gene action present in the experimental material. Among lines: NDRK 50024, NDRK 50012, NDRK 50035, IR61920-3B-22-2-1, IR 71895-3R-26-2-1-B; and among testers: AGAMI MI were identified as good general combiners for yield and other yield attributing traits. Percent contribution to genetic variance of lines was more than testers for all the traits studied in the experiment. 36 F1s obtained from the hybridization program was divided into six distinct types to facilitate in comprehensive study of the genetic behavior of ST and AT parental genotypes crosses sown in sodic soil conditions. Based on types of crosses, we observed AT x ST, ST x AT and LG x ST type of crosses showed positive significant SCA effects for GYPP some other yield attributing traits. High mid-parent heterosis of more than 100% was observed in five crosses out of 36; which were AT x ST and ST x AT type, for yield traits All the traits showed medium to high heritability for all the traits, among which highest heritability was exhibited for flag leaf area (60.34) followed by plant height (42.53) and spiklets per plant (40.18).
{"title":"Line x tester analysis for yield and yield attributing traits of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes under sodic soil conditions","authors":"Snehanshu Singh, Aarti Sharma, O. Verma","doi":"10.35709/ory.2022.59.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2022.59.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"A hybridization program was carried out employing Line x Tester mating design in 15 rice genotypes which included: long grained-(LG); saline soil tolerant-(ST) and alkaline soil tolerant- (AT). Among the chosen genotypes, 12 genotypes (LG, ST and AT) were selected as lines and crossed with three tester (ST and AT) genotypes to obtain 36 F1s. A total of 10 yield attributing traits were studied on 36 F1s along with parents to assess the combining ability effect and type of gene action present in the experimental material. Among lines: NDRK 50024, NDRK 50012, NDRK 50035, IR61920-3B-22-2-1, IR 71895-3R-26-2-1-B; and among testers: AGAMI MI were identified as good general combiners for yield and other yield attributing traits. Percent contribution to genetic variance of lines was more than testers for all the traits studied in the experiment. 36 F1s obtained from the hybridization program was divided into six distinct types to facilitate in comprehensive study of the genetic behavior of ST and AT parental genotypes crosses sown in sodic soil conditions. Based on types of crosses, we observed AT x ST, ST x AT and LG x ST type of crosses showed positive significant SCA effects for GYPP some other yield attributing traits. High mid-parent heterosis of more than 100% was observed in five crosses out of 36; which were AT x ST and ST x AT type, for yield traits All the traits showed medium to high heritability for all the traits, among which highest heritability was exhibited for flag leaf area (60.34) followed by plant height (42.53) and spiklets per plant (40.18).","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"258 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79583027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2022.59.3.9
S. Panda, L. Rath, S. Panda, G. Rout, R. Swain
Considering silicon (Si) amendment as an eco-holistic approach in insect pest management, an attempt was made to optimize the dose of diatomaceous earth (DAE), an organic silicate fertilizer and study the mechanism of resistance against stem borer and leaf folder infesting rice. Basal application of this product at 50-500 kg ha-1 effectively restricted damage by both the insects in rice cv.TN1 and increased the crop yield by 22-80% over control as against 74% increase in standard check, calcium silicate applied at 2000 kg ha-1. An enhancement of plant resistance to these pests was conspicuously observed at different doses of DAE. The best performance was exhibited at 300 kg ha-1 with a record average of 9.46% dead heart and 3.26% white ears due to stem borer and 1.84% leaf damage by leaf folder compared to corresponding damage of 22.34, 19.40 and 3.33%, respectively in untreated control. This induction of plant resistance was attributed to higher silicon deposit supported by marked impact of feeding stimuli from stem borer in altering the chlorophyll, phenol and protein contents of the rice plant.
将硅(Si)改良作为一种生态综合治理害虫的方法，尝试优化有机硅酸盐肥料硅藻土(DAE)的用量，研究水稻对螟虫和叶折虫的抗性机理。本品基施50 ~ 500 kg hm -1，可有效抑制这两种害虫对水稻的危害。施用2000 kg hm -1硅酸钙可使作物产量比对照提高22-80%，而在标准对照中增产74%。不同剂量的DAE显著增强了植物对这些害虫的抗性。在300 kg hm -1处理时表现最佳，茎螟虫致死率为9.46%，白穗率为3.26%，叶夹害率为1.84%，而未处理的相应害率分别为22.34%、19.40%和3.33%。这种抗性的诱导归因于较高的硅沉积，以及茎螟虫取食刺激对水稻植株叶绿素、酚和蛋白质含量的显著影响。
{"title":"Defense response induced by silicon amendment against Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee) infestation in rice","authors":"S. Panda, L. Rath, S. Panda, G. Rout, R. Swain","doi":"10.35709/ory.2022.59.3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2022.59.3.9","url":null,"abstract":"Considering silicon (Si) amendment as an eco-holistic approach in insect pest management, an attempt was made to optimize the dose of diatomaceous earth (DAE), an organic silicate fertilizer and study the mechanism of resistance against stem borer and leaf folder infesting rice. Basal application of this product at 50-500 kg ha-1 effectively restricted damage by both the insects in rice cv.TN1 and increased the crop yield by 22-80% over control as against 74% increase in standard check, calcium silicate applied at 2000 kg ha-1. An enhancement of plant resistance to these pests was conspicuously observed at different doses of DAE. The best performance was exhibited at 300 kg ha-1 with a record average of 9.46% dead heart and 3.26% white ears due to stem borer and 1.84% leaf damage by leaf folder compared to corresponding damage of 22.34, 19.40 and 3.33%, respectively in untreated control. This induction of plant resistance was attributed to higher silicon deposit supported by marked impact of feeding stimuli from stem borer in altering the chlorophyll, phenol and protein contents of the rice plant.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"2016 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86134702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2022.59.3.11
R. Karthik, M. Ghosh, A. Chowdhury, D. Dhaker, Bhojendra .
To identify the SPAD chlorophyll meter based nitrogen management strategy in wet direct seeded rice, a field experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research Farm, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India during Kharif 2018. The experiment was conducted in split plot design which consisted of three rice cultivars as main plot treatments: Sabour Ardhjal, Shushk Samrat & Shabhagi Dhan and four N management practices as sub-plot treatments: No N (control), Fixed time N management (FTNM), Real time N management (RTNM) and Adjustable dose of N management (ADNM). Results revealed that among the cultivars, the maximum grain yield was obtained in Shushk Samrat (3956 kg/ha) which was statistically at par with Shabhagi Dhan (3752 kg/ha) whereas lowest grain yield was obtained in Sabour Ardhjal (3213 kg/ha). Among the N management practices, highest grain yield (4177 kg/ha) was recorded in ADNM which was at par with grain yield of FTNM (4134 kg/ha). Maximum gross (Rs. 79,957 ha-1) and net (Rs. 48,681 ha-1), B: C ratio (1.56) were obtained in ADNM. So, higher yields as well as sustainability of ecosystems can be achieved by practicing ADNM in direct seeded rice.
{"title":"SPAD Chlorophyll meter based nitrogen management strategy in direct seeded rice","authors":"R. Karthik, M. Ghosh, A. Chowdhury, D. Dhaker, Bhojendra .","doi":"10.35709/ory.2022.59.3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2022.59.3.11","url":null,"abstract":"To identify the SPAD chlorophyll meter based nitrogen management strategy in wet direct seeded rice, a field experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research Farm, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India during Kharif 2018. The experiment was conducted in split plot design which consisted of three rice cultivars as main plot treatments: Sabour Ardhjal, Shushk Samrat & Shabhagi Dhan and four N management practices as sub-plot treatments: No N (control), Fixed time N management (FTNM), Real time N management (RTNM) and Adjustable dose of N management (ADNM). Results revealed that among the cultivars, the maximum grain yield was obtained in Shushk Samrat (3956 kg/ha) which was statistically at par with Shabhagi Dhan (3752 kg/ha) whereas lowest grain yield was obtained in Sabour Ardhjal (3213 kg/ha). Among the N management practices, highest grain yield (4177 kg/ha) was recorded in ADNM which was at par with grain yield of FTNM (4134 kg/ha). Maximum gross (Rs. 79,957 ha-1) and net (Rs. 48,681 ha-1), B: C ratio (1.56) were obtained in ADNM. So, higher yields as well as sustainability of ecosystems can be achieved by practicing ADNM in direct seeded rice.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91230205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2022.59.3.6
B. Unnikrishnan, M. Mohan
Fungal endophytes are highly diverse in their functions and impart functional advantage to the host plants. Application of fungal endophytes is gaining relevance in field of agriculture as an ecofriendly approach and means of reducing pesticide application in crop plants. Rice production is known to be affected by both biotic and abiotic stresses and application of microbes could be one of the means of reducing the stresses. Fungal endophytes are isolated and studied from various parts of rice plants and they are reported to be involved in improving the growth and reducing various stresses during plant growth. This review discusses about relevance and potential of fungal endophytes in rice on mitigating various stresses like drought, salinity, heat, heavy metals and biotic elements such as diseases and pests.
{"title":"Prospects of fungal endophytes for stress mitigation in rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"B. Unnikrishnan, M. Mohan","doi":"10.35709/ory.2022.59.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2022.59.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"Fungal endophytes are highly diverse in their functions and impart functional advantage to the host plants. Application of fungal endophytes is gaining relevance in field of agriculture as an ecofriendly approach and means of reducing pesticide application in crop plants. Rice production is known to be affected by both biotic and abiotic stresses and application of microbes could be one of the means of reducing the stresses. Fungal endophytes are isolated and studied from various parts of rice plants and they are reported to be involved in improving the growth and reducing various stresses during plant growth. This review discusses about relevance and potential of fungal endophytes in rice on mitigating various stresses like drought, salinity, heat, heavy metals and biotic elements such as diseases and pests.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85023655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2022.59.3.3
D. Murugesan, G. Subramanian, Arumugam Palanivelu Salini, R. Muthurajan
A high frequency plant regeneration protocol via induction of embryogenic callus followed by somatic embryogenesis was standardized for a group of indica rice varieties consisting of land races and improved varieties, which are generally considered recalcitrant. Scutellum derived embryogenic calluses were obtained from the mature seeds inoculated into MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of 2,4-D and BA added with casein hydrolysate (500 mg/l) and proline (1 g/l). The varieties significantly differed in their response to embryogenic callusing and regeneration. Maximum embryogenic callus formation was induced in all the varieties by altering the combinations and concentrations of 2,4-D(1.0-2.0 mg/l) and BA (0.01, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/l). The land races viz., Karnel, SavuluSamba and Doddabyranellu showed higher embryogenic callus formation in all the combinations and concentrations of 2,4-D and BA. But the improved varieties showed embryogenic callus induction only in particular concentration and combinations of growth regulators. However, an increasing trend of plant regeneration was observed in regeneration media consisted of MS salts supplemented with 3.0 mg/ l BA and 1.0 mg/l NAA. We showed that maximum plant regeneration through generation of embryogenic calluses induction in indica rice varieties can be induced by altering the concentrations and combinations of 2,4-D and BA.
{"title":"Optimization of high frequency plant regeneration protocol via embryogenic callus formation from diverse indica rice genotypes induced by combinations of 2,4-D and BA","authors":"D. Murugesan, G. Subramanian, Arumugam Palanivelu Salini, R. Muthurajan","doi":"10.35709/ory.2022.59.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2022.59.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"A high frequency plant regeneration protocol via induction of embryogenic callus followed by somatic embryogenesis was standardized for a group of indica rice varieties consisting of land races and improved varieties, which are generally considered recalcitrant. Scutellum derived embryogenic calluses were obtained from the mature seeds inoculated into MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of 2,4-D and BA added with casein hydrolysate (500 mg/l) and proline (1 g/l). The varieties significantly differed in their response to embryogenic callusing and regeneration. Maximum embryogenic callus formation was induced in all the varieties by altering the combinations and concentrations of 2,4-D(1.0-2.0 mg/l) and BA (0.01, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/l). The land races viz., Karnel, SavuluSamba and Doddabyranellu showed higher embryogenic callus formation in all the combinations and concentrations of 2,4-D and BA. But the improved varieties showed embryogenic callus induction only in particular concentration and combinations of growth regulators. However, an increasing trend of plant regeneration was observed in regeneration media consisted of MS salts supplemented with 3.0 mg/ l BA and 1.0 mg/l NAA. We showed that maximum plant regeneration through generation of embryogenic calluses induction in indica rice varieties can be induced by altering the concentrations and combinations of 2,4-D and BA.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84834018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2022.59.3.14
M. Prusty, A. Dash, N. Panda, L. Garnayak, A. Mishra, SG Sahu
A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of phosphorus (P) on kharif rice(Oryza sativa L.) in rice-greengram cropping system in Mid-Central Table Land Zone of Odisha. The experiment was conducted in split-plot design with three replications. Four main plots viz., P1-100% soil test dose (STD) for P as basal to rice, P2- 100% STD for P to both the crops, P3-50 % STD for P to rice and 100% STD for P to greengram, P4 - No P to rice and 100% STD for P to both the crops was applied to greengram, were allotted to the main plots and three rice varieties viz., V1-Mandakini, V2-Lalat and V3- Pratikhya were considered in the sub plots. Application of 100% STD for P to both the crops (P2) resulted in the highest grain and straw yield of 3980 and 4715 kg/ha, respectively. Rice variety ‘Pratikshya’ produced the highest grain and straw yields of 3808 and 4399 kg/ha, respectively. Similarly, the same P management practice and rice cv. ‘Pratikshya’ recorded the highest chlorophyll content (3.54 mg/g of fresh leaf weight), nutrient uptake (N 68.9 kg/ha , P 27.2 kg/ha , K 88.2 kg/ha ) gross and net returns and B: C ratio (1.94). However, the post harvest soil nutrients status were maximum with P2 where rice cv. ‘Mandakini’ was taken.
{"title":"Influence of phosphorus management on yield, nutrient uptake, post-harvest soil properties and economics of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in acid Alfisols","authors":"M. Prusty, A. Dash, N. Panda, L. Garnayak, A. Mishra, SG Sahu","doi":"10.35709/ory.2022.59.3.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2022.59.3.14","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of phosphorus (P) on kharif rice(Oryza sativa L.) in rice-greengram cropping system in Mid-Central Table Land Zone of Odisha. The experiment was conducted in split-plot design with three replications. Four main plots viz., P1-100% soil test dose (STD) for P as basal to rice, P2- 100% STD for P to both the crops, P3-50 % STD for P to rice and 100% STD for P to greengram, P4 - No P to rice and 100% STD for P to both the crops was applied to greengram, were allotted to the main plots and three rice varieties viz., V1-Mandakini, V2-Lalat and V3- Pratikhya were considered in the sub plots. Application of 100% STD for P to both the crops (P2) resulted in the highest grain and straw yield of 3980 and 4715 kg/ha, respectively. Rice variety ‘Pratikshya’ produced the highest grain and straw yields of 3808 and 4399 kg/ha, respectively. Similarly, the same P management practice and rice cv. ‘Pratikshya’ recorded the highest chlorophyll content (3.54 mg/g of fresh leaf weight), nutrient uptake (N 68.9 kg/ha , P 27.2 kg/ha , K 88.2 kg/ha ) gross and net returns and B: C ratio (1.94). However, the post harvest soil nutrients status were maximum with P2 where rice cv. ‘Mandakini’ was taken.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80641543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2022.59.3.8
Amoghavarsha Chittaragi, G. R. Naik, D. Pramesh, M. K. Naik, Raghunandana A, Chidanandappa E, S. Huded, S. Alase, Chethana Bs
Rice is the most widely consumed cereal staple food for a significant part of the world, particularly in Asia. The Karnataka state of India is one of the highest rice producers, and it has a varied rice ecosystem from irrigated plains to rainfed hilly areas. The rice blast occurs at different severity in these ecosystems causing significant losses each year. The roving survey was carried out in the 120 villages of 18 districts distributed under five irrigated and two rainfed ecosystems of Karnataka during Kharif -2019. Within the irrigated ecosystems, the highest PDI was observed in the Kavery (50.85), followed by Varada (45.89), Bhadra (45.82), Tungabhadra (11.13), and Upper Krishna (10.58) command areas. In a rainfed ecosystem, the highest PDI was observed in the hilly ecosystem (53.38) and the least in the coastal ecosystem (3.73). Within 18 districts, the lowest PDI was observed in the Gadag district (1.68) of the Thungabhadra ecosystem, and the highest was observed in the Chikkamagalur district (81.60) of the hilly ecosystem. The disease was severe in the rainfed hilly ecosystem, followed by an irrigated and rainfed coastal ecosystem. This information is helpful in formulating the management strategies of rice blast in different rice ecosystems of Karnataka.
{"title":"Prevalence and distribution of rice blast disease in different rice ecosystems of Karnataka, India","authors":"Amoghavarsha Chittaragi, G. R. Naik, D. Pramesh, M. K. Naik, Raghunandana A, Chidanandappa E, S. Huded, S. Alase, Chethana Bs","doi":"10.35709/ory.2022.59.3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2022.59.3.8","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is the most widely consumed cereal staple food for a significant part of the world, particularly in Asia. The Karnataka state of India is one of the highest rice producers, and it has a varied rice ecosystem from irrigated plains to rainfed hilly areas. The rice blast occurs at different severity in these ecosystems causing significant losses each year. The roving survey was carried out in the 120 villages of 18 districts distributed under five irrigated and two rainfed ecosystems of Karnataka during Kharif -2019. Within the irrigated ecosystems, the highest PDI was observed in the Kavery (50.85), followed by Varada (45.89), Bhadra (45.82), Tungabhadra (11.13), and Upper Krishna (10.58) command areas. In a rainfed ecosystem, the highest PDI was observed in the hilly ecosystem (53.38) and the least in the coastal ecosystem (3.73). Within 18 districts, the lowest PDI was observed in the Gadag district (1.68) of the Thungabhadra ecosystem, and the highest was observed in the Chikkamagalur district (81.60) of the hilly ecosystem. The disease was severe in the rainfed hilly ecosystem, followed by an irrigated and rainfed coastal ecosystem. This information is helpful in formulating the management strategies of rice blast in different rice ecosystems of Karnataka.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"387 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74973505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2022.59.3.1
P. Guru, A. Shrivastava, P. Tiwari, S. Khandai, N. S. Chandel
India is currently one of the world’s fastest-growing economies. As a largely agricultural country, the correct measurement of carbon emission associated with different agricultural machinery is highly important. Quantification of the carbon footprint of agricultural machinery is important for the identification of more sustainable and environmentally friendly practices. Information on input energy (fuel energy) used by different farm machinery in India was collected and converted into carbon equivalent in kg CE ha-1 and kg CO2e ha”1. The carbon equivalent for field preparation, sowing and transplanting, sprayer, harvesting, straw management, and other machinery ranges from 4.64 – 21.60, 5.5 – 16.57, 0.85-3.23, 2.02-17.22, 8.91-26.19 kg CE ha-1 and 15.38 – 71.60, 11.39 – 54.94, 2.81 – 10.72, 6.70 – 57.08, and 25.13 – 86.83 kg CO2e ha”1. In order to use low-emission machinery and to calculate the carbon footprints of crop production, the equivalent carbon emission factors of each farm machine and implement were determined. Improved and accurate equipment with optimal and minimal tillage, conservation agriculture, resource conservation technology, and straw management equipment can all help minimise the carbon footprints of farm machinery.
印度目前是世界上增长最快的经济体之一。作为一个以农业为主的国家，正确测量与不同农业机械相关的碳排放非常重要。农业机械碳足迹的量化对于确定更可持续和环境友好的做法非常重要。收集了关于印度不同农业机械使用的投入能源(燃料能源)的信息，并将其转换为碳当量，单位为千克碳当量ha-1和千克二氧化碳当量ha " 1。田间准备、播种移植、喷雾器、收获、秸秆管理和其他机械的碳当量范围为4.64 ~ 21.60、5.5 ~ 16.57、0.85 ~ 3.23、2.02 ~ 17.22、8.91 ~ 26.19 kg CE ha-1和15.38 ~ 71.60、11.39 ~ 54.94、2.81 ~ 10.72、6.70 ~ 57.08和25.13 ~ 86.83 kg CO2e ha”1。为了使用低排放机械，计算作物生产的碳足迹，确定了每台农机和农具的当量碳排放因子。改进和精确的设备，优化和最少耕作，保护性农业，资源保护技术和秸秆管理设备都可以帮助最大限度地减少农业机械的碳足迹。
{"title":"Estimation of carbon emissions of agricultural machinery use in India","authors":"P. Guru, A. Shrivastava, P. Tiwari, S. Khandai, N. S. Chandel","doi":"10.35709/ory.2022.59.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2022.59.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"India is currently one of the world’s fastest-growing economies. As a largely agricultural country, the correct measurement of carbon emission associated with different agricultural machinery is highly important. Quantification of the carbon footprint of agricultural machinery is important for the identification of more sustainable and environmentally friendly practices. Information on input energy (fuel energy) used by different farm machinery in India was collected and converted into carbon equivalent in kg CE ha-1 and kg CO2e ha”1. The carbon equivalent for field preparation, sowing and transplanting, sprayer, harvesting, straw management, and other machinery ranges from 4.64 – 21.60, 5.5 – 16.57, 0.85-3.23, 2.02-17.22, 8.91-26.19 kg CE ha-1 and 15.38 – 71.60, 11.39 – 54.94, 2.81 – 10.72, 6.70 – 57.08, and 25.13 – 86.83 kg CO2e ha”1. In order to use low-emission machinery and to calculate the carbon footprints of crop production, the equivalent carbon emission factors of each farm machine and implement were determined. Improved and accurate equipment with optimal and minimal tillage, conservation agriculture, resource conservation technology, and straw management equipment can all help minimise the carbon footprints of farm machinery.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81330007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2022.59.3.12
M. Shahid, B. R. Goud, A. Nayak, R. Tripathi, S. Mohanty, D. Bhaduri, D. Chatterjee, M. Debnath, S. Chatterjee, V. S, P. K. Dash, H. Pathak
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the major crop of India and the lifeline of the Eastern states. The challenges however are to produce more food for the increasing population by utilizing limited resources and maintain it under climate change conditions. This can be achieved by devising appropriate agro-techniques. We calibrated and evaluated CERES-Rice model of Decision Support System for Agro-Technology Transfer (DSSAT) for different resource conserving technologies (RCTs) to assess their effects on yield of transplanted rice under projected climate change scenarios. Yields were projected for 2030, 2050 and 2070 using data downloaded from MarkSim® DSSAT weather file generator for RCP 4.5 climate change scenario. The simulated result indicated that the productivity of transplanted rice under resource conserving technologies is likely to increase by 11.6-14.9% in 2030, 18.6-22.3% in 2050 and 17.6-20.2% in 2070 compared to the present yield levels (2015) with current management practices. Yield can further be enhanced through adoption of appropriate resource conservation technologies (RCTs). The DSSAT model predicted the effects of RCTs in transplanted rice very well and can be a useful tool for evaluating the effects of climate change on rice under these managements.
{"title":"Simulation of rice yield with resource conserving technologies for early, mid and end centuries under changing climatic conditions using DSSAT model","authors":"M. Shahid, B. R. Goud, A. Nayak, R. Tripathi, S. Mohanty, D. Bhaduri, D. Chatterjee, M. Debnath, S. Chatterjee, V. S, P. K. Dash, H. Pathak","doi":"10.35709/ory.2022.59.3.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2022.59.3.12","url":null,"abstract":"Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the major crop of India and the lifeline of the Eastern states. The challenges however are to produce more food for the increasing population by utilizing limited resources and maintain it under climate change conditions. This can be achieved by devising appropriate agro-techniques. We calibrated and evaluated CERES-Rice model of Decision Support System for Agro-Technology Transfer (DSSAT) for different resource conserving technologies (RCTs) to assess their effects on yield of transplanted rice under projected climate change scenarios. Yields were projected for 2030, 2050 and 2070 using data downloaded from MarkSim® DSSAT weather file generator for RCP 4.5 climate change scenario. The simulated result indicated that the productivity of transplanted rice under resource conserving technologies is likely to increase by 11.6-14.9% in 2030, 18.6-22.3% in 2050 and 17.6-20.2% in 2070 compared to the present yield levels (2015) with current management practices. Yield can further be enhanced through adoption of appropriate resource conservation technologies (RCTs). The DSSAT model predicted the effects of RCTs in transplanted rice very well and can be a useful tool for evaluating the effects of climate change on rice under these managements.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90805365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.3
R. Kondi, S. Kar, N. Mandawi
During kharif 2020, the Section of Genetics and Plant Breeding at S.G. College of Agriculture and Research Station, Jagdalpur, Bastar (C.G.), examined 41 fine scented rice genotypes for 21 yield, yield contributing, and quality parameters. For all of the characters investigated, ANOVA demonstrated that there was considerable variation among genotypes. PCV levels were discovered to be slightly greater than GCV values, indicating that the environment has an impact on character expression. Plant height, test weight, head rice recovery, grain length, grain width, grain L:B, kernel length, kernel width, kernel L:B, alkali spreading value, gel consistency, and amylose content all had strong heritability and GAM, showing additive gene action. Grain yield plot-1 was significantly correlated with panicle length, total number of filled grains per panicle-1, harvest index, test weight, grain width, kernel width, amylose content, alkali spreading value, kernel elongation ratio, number of effective tillers plant-1, and days to 50% flowering. Amylose content was found to have a positive relationship with alkali spreading value and kernel elongation ratio, but a negative relationship with gel consistency.At the genetic level, path coefficient analysis revealed that traits such as harvest index, number of effective tillers plant-1, grain width, number of tillers square meter-1, days to 50% blooming, and kernel width had true associations with grain yield plot-1. At the phenotypic level, panicle length, test weight, number of effective tillers plant-1, kernel width, days to 50% flowering, harvest index, and kernel elongation ratio all showed a genuine relationship with grain yield plot-1. As a result, selecting these parameters will boost grain yield in the long run.
{"title":"Study of genetic parameters, correlation and path analysis for yield and quality characters in fine scented rice genotypes","authors":"R. Kondi, S. Kar, N. Mandawi","doi":"10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"During kharif 2020, the Section of Genetics and Plant Breeding at S.G. College of Agriculture and Research Station, Jagdalpur, Bastar (C.G.), examined 41 fine scented rice genotypes for 21 yield, yield contributing, and quality parameters. For all of the characters investigated, ANOVA demonstrated that there was considerable variation among genotypes. PCV levels were discovered to be slightly greater than GCV values, indicating that the environment has an impact on character expression. Plant height, test weight, head rice recovery, grain length, grain width, grain L:B, kernel length, kernel width, kernel L:B, alkali spreading value, gel consistency, and amylose content all had strong heritability and GAM, showing additive gene action. Grain yield plot-1 was significantly correlated with panicle length, total number of filled grains per panicle-1, harvest index, test weight, grain width, kernel width, amylose content, alkali spreading value, kernel elongation ratio, number of effective tillers plant-1, and days to 50% flowering. Amylose content was found to have a positive relationship with alkali spreading value and kernel elongation ratio, but a negative relationship with gel consistency.At the genetic level, path coefficient analysis revealed that traits such as harvest index, number of effective tillers plant-1, grain width, number of tillers square meter-1, days to 50% blooming, and kernel width had true associations with grain yield plot-1. At the phenotypic level, panicle length, test weight, number of effective tillers plant-1, kernel width, days to 50% flowering, harvest index, and kernel elongation ratio all showed a genuine relationship with grain yield plot-1. As a result, selecting these parameters will boost grain yield in the long run.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83916713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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