Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.10
V. Gv, P. G, M. R
Shortage of water in rice cultivation is major problem in India. To safeguard and sustain food security in India, it is quite important to increase the productivity of rice under limited water resources. To investigate the performance of rice cultivars under the best method of irrigation and system of cultivation in new condition an experiment was conducted to study the "productivity and water use efficiency of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars under different irrigation regimes and systems of cultivation" on clay loam soils of Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana during the kharif seasons of 2017 and 2018. The treatment comprised of two irrigation regimes viz., AWD and saturation as main plot treatments, three establishment methods viz., system of rice intensification, drum seeding and TP as subplot treatments and four cultivars namely DRR Dhan 42, DRR Dhan 43, MTU-1010 and NLR-34449 as sub-sub plot treatments summing up to 24 treatment combinations laid out in split-split plot design with three replications. Among the irrigation regimes, AWD irrigation practice recorded higher grain yield (5755, 5952 and 5854 kg ha-1 in 2017, 2018 and pooled means, respectively) than saturation. Among the different systems of cultivation, the SRI recorded significantly higher grain yield (5953, 6129 and 6041 kg ha-1 during 2017, 2018 and in pooled means, respectively) over the TP method. Among the different rice cultivars, DRR Dhan 43 registered remarkably higher grain yield than other cultivars during 2017 and 2018.
水稻种植缺水是印度的主要问题。为了保障和维持印度的粮食安全，在水资源有限的情况下提高水稻的生产力是非常重要的。为了研究新条件下最佳灌溉方式和栽培制度下水稻品种的表现，在2017年和2018年丰收季节，在印度水稻研究所(IIRR)位于Rajendranagar、Hyderabad、Telangana的粘土壤土上，研究了“不同灌溉制度和栽培制度下水稻品种的生产力和水分利用效率”。该处理以全灌和饱和两种灌溉方式为主小区处理，以水稻强化制度、鼓播和TP三种建立方式为次小区处理，以DRR丹42、DRR丹43、MTU-1010和NLR-34449 4个品种为次小区处理，采用3个重复的分畦设计，共设置24个处理组合。在灌溉制度中，AWD灌溉方式的粮食产量(2017年、2018年和混合平均产量分别为5755、5952和5854 kg ha-1)高于饱和灌溉方式。在不同的栽培制度中，SRI的产量显著高于TP，分别在2017年、2018年和汇总平均产量为5953、6129和6041 kg ha-1。在不同的水稻品种中，DRR丹43在2017年和2018年的产量显著高于其他品种。
{"title":"Productivity and economics of rice cultivars under different irrigation regimes and systems of cultivation","authors":"V. Gv, P. G, M. R","doi":"10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.10","url":null,"abstract":"Shortage of water in rice cultivation is major problem in India. To safeguard and sustain food security in India, it is quite important to increase the productivity of rice under limited water resources. To investigate the performance of rice cultivars under the best method of irrigation and system of cultivation in new condition an experiment was conducted to study the \"productivity and water use efficiency of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars under different irrigation regimes and systems of cultivation\" on clay loam soils of Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana during the kharif seasons of 2017 and 2018. The treatment comprised of two irrigation regimes viz., AWD and saturation as main plot treatments, three establishment methods viz., system of rice intensification, drum seeding and TP as subplot treatments and four cultivars namely DRR Dhan 42, DRR Dhan 43, MTU-1010 and NLR-34449 as sub-sub plot treatments summing up to 24 treatment combinations laid out in split-split plot design with three replications. Among the irrigation regimes, AWD irrigation practice recorded higher grain yield (5755, 5952 and 5854 kg ha-1 in 2017, 2018 and pooled means, respectively) than saturation. Among the different systems of cultivation, the SRI recorded significantly higher grain yield (5953, 6129 and 6041 kg ha-1 during 2017, 2018 and in pooled means, respectively) over the TP method. Among the different rice cultivars, DRR Dhan 43 registered remarkably higher grain yield than other cultivars during 2017 and 2018.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85942375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.8
L. A, Chijina K, A. Pillai
The field experiments were conducted in farmer's field at five locations each of kole lands to study the effect of Magnesium (Mg) on yield and soil and plant nutrient status of rice during 2012-2013 and 2013-2014. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The treatments comprised of different levels of Mg viz; 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 kg Magnesium sulphate(MgSO4)/ha along with control. Observations on growth characters yield attributes, yield and soil and plant nutrient status were recorded. The results revealed that application of 100 kg MgSO4 / ha recorded the maximum number of panicles/m2 (419.13), number of grains/panicle (109.36), thousand grain weight (28.78 g), grain (9.27 t/ha) and straw yield (9.04 t/ha) of rice. The results of pooled data on plant and soil nutrient status revealed that application of magnesium had a positive effect on nutrient content and availability of nutrients in soil. A significant positive correlation was also noticed between Mg application, yield attributes, yield and nutrient contents. The study concluded that application of 100 kg MgSO4 / ha was found to be optimum for correcting the deficiency in Mg deficient areas of kole lands under below sea level farming.
本试验于2012-2013年和2013-2014年在大田5个地点的农户田间进行，研究了镁对水稻产量和土壤及植株养分状况的影响。试验采用随机区组设计，设3个重复。不同浓度Mg - viz的处理;40、60、80、100和120千克硫酸镁(MgSO4)/公顷以及对照。记录生长性状、产量属性、产量及土壤和植物养分状况。结果表明，施用100 kg MgSO4 /ha后，水稻最大穗数(419.13)、粒数(109.36)、千粒重(28.78 g)、粒数(9.27 t/ha)和秸秆产量(9.04 t/ha)均显著增加。植物和土壤养分状况综合分析结果表明，施镁对土壤养分含量和养分有效性有积极影响。施镁量与产量性状、产量和养分含量呈显著正相关。研究结果表明，在海平面以下土壤缺镁地区，施用100 kg Mg / hm2是最适宜的。
{"title":"Effect of magnesium fertilization on yield and nutrient status of rice in kole lands","authors":"L. A, Chijina K, A. Pillai","doi":"10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.8","url":null,"abstract":"The field experiments were conducted in farmer's field at five locations each of kole lands to study the effect of Magnesium (Mg) on yield and soil and plant nutrient status of rice during 2012-2013 and 2013-2014. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The treatments comprised of different levels of Mg viz; 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 kg Magnesium sulphate(MgSO4)/ha along with control. Observations on growth characters yield attributes, yield and soil and plant nutrient status were recorded. The results revealed that application of 100 kg MgSO4 / ha recorded the maximum number of panicles/m2 (419.13), number of grains/panicle (109.36), thousand grain weight (28.78 g), grain (9.27 t/ha) and straw yield (9.04 t/ha) of rice. The results of pooled data on plant and soil nutrient status revealed that application of magnesium had a positive effect on nutrient content and availability of nutrients in soil. A significant positive correlation was also noticed between Mg application, yield attributes, yield and nutrient contents. The study concluded that application of 100 kg MgSO4 / ha was found to be optimum for correcting the deficiency in Mg deficient areas of kole lands under below sea level farming.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88840345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.3
Deepak Katkani, S. Payasi, V. Patel, Jay Prakash Chamar
The present research was undertaken to evaluate 32 rice genotypes for grain yield and its attributing traits under three micro-environments like., direct seeded condition (E-I), transplanting at spacing of 15 x 15 cm (E-II) and 25 x 15 cm (E-III). Adopting the Eberhart and Russell (1966) model, stability analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, panicle length, number of grains per panicle and flag leaf angle. Stability parameters for grain yield per plant indicated that the genotypes Rewa 1329-4-26-1, Rewa 1326-11-67-2 and Rewa 1326-16-1 had regression coefficient less than one and mean value higher than average mean this depicted that these genotypes have wider adaptability and suitability for all micro- environments and the genotypes Rewa 1329-4-123-11, Rewa 1328-18-16 and Rewa 1326-3-34-4 had regression coefficient less than one and deviation from regression around zero were identified as highly stable and best suited for poor management practices like, direct seeded condition.
本研究对32个水稻基因型在3种微环境下的产量及其性状进行了评价。，直接播种条件(E-I)，移栽间距分别为15 × 15cm (E-II)和25 × 15cm (E-III)。采用Eberhart and Russell(1966)模型进行稳定性方差分析，结果表明各基因型在开花至50%天数、成熟天数、株高、穗长、每穗粒数、旗叶角等方面存在显著差异。单株籽粒产量稳定性参数表明，热瓦1329-4-26-1、热瓦1326-11-67-2和热瓦1326-16-1基因型的回归系数均小于1，平均值均高于平均值，说明热瓦1329-4-123-11基因型对各微环境具有较强的适应性和适宜性。热瓦1328-18-16和热瓦1326-3-34-4的回归系数小于1，回归偏差在0左右，被认为是高度稳定的，最适合直接播种等不良管理实践。
{"title":"Stability analysis of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under different micro-environments","authors":"Deepak Katkani, S. Payasi, V. Patel, Jay Prakash Chamar","doi":"10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"The present research was undertaken to evaluate 32 rice genotypes for grain yield and its attributing traits under three micro-environments like., direct seeded condition (E-I), transplanting at spacing of 15 x 15 cm (E-II) and 25 x 15 cm (E-III). Adopting the Eberhart and Russell (1966) model, stability analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, panicle length, number of grains per panicle and flag leaf angle. Stability parameters for grain yield per plant indicated that the genotypes Rewa 1329-4-26-1, Rewa 1326-11-67-2 and Rewa 1326-16-1 had regression coefficient less than one and mean value higher than average mean this depicted that these genotypes have wider adaptability and suitability for all micro- environments and the genotypes Rewa 1329-4-123-11, Rewa 1328-18-16 and Rewa 1326-3-34-4 had regression coefficient less than one and deviation from regression around zero were identified as highly stable and best suited for poor management practices like, direct seeded condition.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85277234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.6
D. Rao, K. Surekha, Aruna L
Yield is a net expression of genotype (G) x environment (E) interactions including management. However, the segregation of 'E' into respective causes is seldom done while 'G' is a constant. Soil is a component of 'E' with imminent variability in attributes among multiple locations. Data on yield response of varieties to a set of treatments in different soils from multi-locational yield maximisation trial under All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Project were regularly gathered. A dataset pertaining to a trial conducted in Karaikal district of Puducherry Union Territory was analysed to ascertain the site-specific crop responses with inherent variability in soils. Rice varieties, ADT 46, BPT 5204 and CR 1009 were tested for responses at 17 sites with farmer fertiliser practices (FFP), regional recommended fertiliser dose (RDF) and software, 'Nutrient Expert®' (2016) (NE) derived fertiliser quantities. Analysis of variance showed that test sites explained 59.3% variability in yield. A multivariate technique, Factor Analysis extracted two factors, which are linear combinations of soil attributes those explained 76% of variance in soils. Factor scores classified soils into four groups, owing to variability in soil properties. Soil texture influenced yield significantly (across varieties and treatments) (R2 = 11.1%). Sites varied in excess duration in nursery ranging from 2 - 26 days. However, this excess duration reduced number of panicles m-2 only in CR 1009 (r = -0.328**). General linear model with sites and treatments as fixed factors, their interactions and panicles m-2 as covariate predicted better (R2 = 90.3%) with their significant contribution to the model. The order of R2 (%) was Sites (59.3) > Varieties (27.4) > Treatments (13.6%) in explaining variability in yield highlighting site-specific responses. Mean differences between ADT 46 and BPT 5204; BPT 5204 and CR 1009 were significant. Yield significantly changed across sites and treatments when fertiliser management shifted from non-specific (FFP) to site-specific NE based calculations through RDF (region specific). Results of this trial placed emphasis on soil test-based crop management to realise the uniform best, which clearly is site specific crop management.
{"title":"Rice crop response to site variability in a multi-locational trial: A call for site specific management","authors":"D. Rao, K. Surekha, Aruna L","doi":"10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2021.58.4.6","url":null,"abstract":"Yield is a net expression of genotype (G) x environment (E) interactions including management. However, the segregation of 'E' into respective causes is seldom done while 'G' is a constant. Soil is a component of 'E' with imminent variability in attributes among multiple locations. Data on yield response of varieties to a set of treatments in different soils from multi-locational yield maximisation trial under All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Project were regularly gathered. A dataset pertaining to a trial conducted in Karaikal district of Puducherry Union Territory was analysed to ascertain the site-specific crop responses with inherent variability in soils. \u0000Rice varieties, ADT 46, BPT 5204 and CR 1009 were tested for responses at 17 sites with farmer fertiliser practices (FFP), regional recommended fertiliser dose (RDF) and software, 'Nutrient Expert®' (2016) (NE) derived fertiliser quantities. Analysis of variance showed that test sites explained 59.3% variability in yield. A multivariate technique, Factor Analysis extracted two factors, which are linear combinations of soil attributes those explained 76% of variance in soils. Factor scores classified soils into four groups, owing to variability in soil properties. Soil texture influenced yield significantly (across varieties and treatments) (R2 = 11.1%). Sites varied in excess duration in nursery ranging from 2 - 26 days. However, this excess duration reduced number of panicles m-2 only in CR 1009 (r = -0.328**). \u0000General linear model with sites and treatments as fixed factors, their interactions and panicles m-2 as covariate predicted better (R2 = 90.3%) with their significant contribution to the model. The order of R2 (%) was Sites (59.3) > Varieties (27.4) > Treatments (13.6%) in explaining variability in yield highlighting site-specific responses. Mean differences between ADT 46 and BPT 5204; BPT 5204 and CR 1009 were significant. Yield significantly changed across sites and treatments when fertiliser management shifted from non-specific (FFP) to site-specific NE based calculations through RDF (region specific). Results of this trial placed emphasis on soil test-based crop management to realise the uniform best, which clearly is site specific crop management.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81147831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2021.58.3.5
N. Khoth, S. Singh, R. Ramakrishnan, G. K. Koutu, Radheshyam Sharma, Ashish Kumar, N. Pathak, P. Kumawat, Akarsha Aj, Abhiraj, S. Dwivedi
An experiment was conducted on 30 farmer's rice varieties collected from different districts of Madhya Pradesh to identify the genetic components contributing to phenophasic development, physiological, yield attributes and biochemical traits. Principal component analysis was performed to rank the farmer's varieties based on PC scores acquired as per the trait studied. Out of twenty-six traits, only five principal components (PCs) exhibited more than 1.00 Eigen value and showed 85.80% of total cumulative variability. The PC1 showed 58.55%, while PC 2, PC 3, PC 4 and PC 5, exhibited 10.29%, 7.03%, 5.23% and 4.69% variability, respectively. The PC 1 reported the highest variability, which was associated with physiological and yield related traits. The PC 2 was dominated by biochemical traits, while PC3 was mostly dominated for yield traits. The PC 4 was dominated by physiological traits, and PC5 for phenological and yield-related traits. Farmer's variety Pandu was superior for Chlorophyll content index (38.27), total dry matter production (38.15 g plant-1), Leaf area index (4.09), Leaf area duration (17982 cm2 days) and crop growth rate (0.00282 g m-2 day-1). PCA revealed that genotype Pandu (7.224) acquired highest PC score followed by Raibua (5.364), Bahurupi (5.103) and Chinnor 1 (4.750) respectively. Farmers varieties Pandu, Chhindikapoor, Bahurupi, Sitha Chandan, Chinnor 2, Chinnor 1 and ChhotaSathiya were contributed their presence in maximum PCs of this investigation. The identified lines will be utilized in the rice breeding programme to develop improved rice varieties for high yield and maximum physiological efficiency.
以中央邦30个水稻品种为研究对象，研究了影响水稻物候发育、生理性状、产量性状和生化性状的遗传成分。主成分分析根据所研究性状的PC得分对农民的品种进行排名。在26个性状中，只有5个主成分(PCs)的特征值大于1.00，占总累积变异率的85.80%。PC1变异率为58.55%，pc2、pc3、pc4和pc5变异率分别为10.29%、7.03%、5.23%和4.69%。pc1的变异率最高，这与生理和产量相关性状有关。pc2以生化性状为主，PC3以产量性状为主。pc4以生理性状为主，PC5以物候性状和产量性状为主。农民品种Pandu在叶绿素含量指数(38.27)、总干物质产量(38.15 g -株-1)、叶面积指数(4.09)、叶面积持续时间(17982 cm2 -1)和作物生长率(0.00282 g - m-2 day-1)方面均优于农民品种Pandu。基因型Pandu (7.224) PC得分最高，其次是Raibua(5.364)、Bahurupi(5.103)和Chinnor 1(4.750)。农民品种Pandu、Chhindikapoor、Bahurupi、Sitha Chandan、Chinnor 2、Chinnor 1和ChhotaSathiya在本调查中贡献了最大的pc。鉴定的品系将用于水稻育种计划，以开发高产和最高生理效率的改良水稻品种。
{"title":"Genetic evaluation of farmer's rice varieties for physiological and yield attributing responses exploiting principal component analysis","authors":"N. Khoth, S. Singh, R. Ramakrishnan, G. K. Koutu, Radheshyam Sharma, Ashish Kumar, N. Pathak, P. Kumawat, Akarsha Aj, Abhiraj, S. Dwivedi","doi":"10.35709/ory.2021.58.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2021.58.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted on 30 farmer's rice varieties collected from different districts of Madhya Pradesh to identify the genetic components contributing to phenophasic development, physiological, yield attributes and biochemical traits. Principal component analysis was performed to rank the farmer's varieties based on PC scores acquired as per the trait studied. Out of twenty-six traits, only five principal components (PCs) exhibited more than 1.00 Eigen value and showed 85.80% of total cumulative variability. The PC1 showed 58.55%, while PC 2, PC 3, PC 4 and PC 5, exhibited 10.29%, 7.03%, 5.23% and 4.69% variability, respectively. The PC 1 reported the highest variability, which was associated with physiological and yield related traits. The PC 2 was dominated by biochemical traits, while PC3 was mostly dominated for yield traits. The PC 4 was dominated by physiological traits, and PC5 for phenological and yield-related traits. Farmer's variety Pandu was superior for Chlorophyll content index (38.27), total dry matter production (38.15 g plant-1), Leaf area index (4.09), Leaf area duration (17982 cm2 days) and crop growth rate (0.00282 g m-2 day-1). PCA revealed that genotype Pandu (7.224) acquired highest PC score followed by Raibua (5.364), Bahurupi (5.103) and Chinnor 1 (4.750) respectively. Farmers varieties Pandu, Chhindikapoor, Bahurupi, Sitha Chandan, Chinnor 2, Chinnor 1 and ChhotaSathiya were contributed their presence in maximum PCs of this investigation. The identified lines will be utilized in the rice breeding programme to develop improved rice varieties for high yield and maximum physiological efficiency.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81421414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2021.58.3.4
B. S. Satapathy, B. Duary, S. Saha, S. Munda, D. Chatterjee
Wet direct seeding is proved as a viable alternate to conventional transplanting method of rice. Maintenance of optimum population by adopting an appropriate sowing method followed by judicious weed control practices ensures profitability of wet direct seeded rice (W-DSR). A field experiment was carried out to find out a suitable sowing technique and weed control options for enhancing productivity and economics of W-DSR. The W-DSR was infested with twelve numbers of weed species comprising of eight families under different sowing methods. The composition of sedges, broadleaved (BLW) and grassy weeds was 83.07, 11.0 and 5.93%, respectively. Irrespective of sowing methods, weeds such as, Echinochloa glabrescens and Leptochloa chinensis among grasses, Cyperus difformis and Scirpus juncoides among sedges and Lindernia anagallis among BLW were dominant. Drum seeding recorded 6.9 and 12.7% higher gross and net return, respectively than broadcasting, but it was at par with spot seeding. Highest B: C ratio of 2.07 was recorded with drum seeding, whereas spot seeding recorded lowest B: C ratio (1.99). Crop-weed competition caused 31.7% reduction in grain yield with W-DSR. Application of early post-emergent herbicide bensulfuron-methyl + pretilachlor @ 60+600 g/ha at 10 DAS, azimsulfuron @ 35 g/ha at 20 DAS, and bispyribac sodium @ 30 g/ha at 20 DAS recorded increase in grain yield 40.3, 40.1 and 39.8%, respectively over the weedy check. Ready mix bensulfuron-methyl + pretilachlor @ 60+600 g/ha at 10 DAS registered highest B: C ratio (2.16) but it did not vary significantly with bispyribac sodium @ 30 g/ha and azimsulfuron @ 35 g/ha.
{"title":"Impact of sowing methods and weed control practices on yield and economics of wet direct seeded rice","authors":"B. S. Satapathy, B. Duary, S. Saha, S. Munda, D. Chatterjee","doi":"10.35709/ory.2021.58.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2021.58.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"Wet direct seeding is proved as a viable alternate to conventional transplanting method of rice. Maintenance of optimum population by adopting an appropriate sowing method followed by judicious weed control practices ensures profitability of wet direct seeded rice (W-DSR). A field experiment was carried out to find out a suitable sowing technique and weed control options for enhancing productivity and economics of W-DSR. The W-DSR was infested with twelve numbers of weed species comprising of eight families under different sowing methods. The composition of sedges, broadleaved (BLW) and grassy weeds was 83.07, 11.0 and 5.93%, respectively. Irrespective of sowing methods, weeds such as, Echinochloa glabrescens and Leptochloa chinensis among grasses, Cyperus difformis and Scirpus juncoides among sedges and Lindernia anagallis among BLW were dominant. Drum seeding recorded 6.9 and 12.7% higher gross and net return, respectively than broadcasting, but it was at par with spot seeding. Highest B: C ratio of 2.07 was recorded with drum seeding, whereas spot seeding recorded lowest B: C ratio (1.99). Crop-weed competition caused 31.7% reduction in grain yield with W-DSR. Application of early post-emergent herbicide bensulfuron-methyl + pretilachlor @ 60+600 g/ha at 10 DAS, azimsulfuron @ 35 g/ha at 20 DAS, and bispyribac sodium @ 30 g/ha at 20 DAS recorded increase in grain yield 40.3, 40.1 and 39.8%, respectively over the weedy check. Ready mix bensulfuron-methyl + pretilachlor @ 60+600 g/ha at 10 DAS registered highest B: C ratio (2.16) but it did not vary significantly with bispyribac sodium @ 30 g/ha and azimsulfuron @ 35 g/ha.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74997556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2021.58.3.10
V. Amsagowri, N. Muthukrishnan, C. Muthiah, S. Mohankumar
Sixteen rice accessions were screened under greenhouse condition and field condition against yellow stem borer (YSB) during 2014-15. Six wild accessions were screened against YSB under green house condition only. In green house condition, the accessions viz., Oryza minuta, O. nivara, IR 20, IET 23710 and IET 23715 recorded the score of 3 (moderately resistant) at both phases. Under field condition, the variety TKM 6 recorded score 1 (resistant) based on dead heart and white ear damage followed by IR 20, IET 23710 and IET 23715, which recorded the score of 3 (moderately resistant) for both dead heart and white ear damage. Both under field and green house condition, IR 20, IET 23710 and IET 23715 showed moderate resistance to yellow stem borer.
{"title":"Resistance of rice accessions against rice yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) under greenhouse and field conditions","authors":"V. Amsagowri, N. Muthukrishnan, C. Muthiah, S. Mohankumar","doi":"10.35709/ory.2021.58.3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2021.58.3.10","url":null,"abstract":"Sixteen rice accessions were screened under greenhouse condition and field condition against yellow stem borer (YSB) during 2014-15. Six wild accessions were screened against YSB under green house condition only. In green house condition, the accessions viz., Oryza minuta, O. nivara, IR 20, IET 23710 and IET 23715 recorded the score of 3 (moderately resistant) at both phases. Under field condition, the variety TKM 6 recorded score 1 (resistant) based on dead heart and white ear damage followed by IR 20, IET 23710 and IET 23715, which recorded the score of 3 (moderately resistant) for both dead heart and white ear damage. Both under field and green house condition, IR 20, IET 23710 and IET 23715 showed moderate resistance to yellow stem borer.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78666251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2021.58.3.7
Sitesh Chatterjee, R. Mallick, C. Gangopadhyay, Purnima Halder, Indrani Dana, B. Choudhury
A field experiment was carried out at Rice Research Station, Chinsurah, Hooghly during rainy (kharif) season, 2016 and 2017 to evaluate the effects of potassium and sodium salts on whorl maggot, leaf folder and yellow stem borer of rice. The yield and yield attributing characters were observed and benefit cost ratio was calculated. The potassium salts viz. potassium chloride (KCl), potassium nitrate (KNO3), potassium sulfate (K2SO4), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) and sodium salt as sodium chloride (NaCl) were applied by three modes viz. seed soaking for 12 hours before sowing, seedling root dipping for twelve hours before transplanting and foliar sprays at 30 and 50 days after transplanting (DAT). The experimental results revealed that the foliar spray with 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate salt at 30 and 50 DAT was the best performer against rice insect-pests by lowering down the infestation of leaf folder, dead heart and white ear head and as well as responses for good yield. Maximum benefit was recorded with foliar spray of 1% sodium chloride salt.
{"title":"Critical role of potassium and sodium salts against insect-pest complex of rice","authors":"Sitesh Chatterjee, R. Mallick, C. Gangopadhyay, Purnima Halder, Indrani Dana, B. Choudhury","doi":"10.35709/ory.2021.58.3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2021.58.3.7","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was carried out at Rice Research Station, Chinsurah, Hooghly during rainy (kharif) season, 2016 and 2017 to evaluate the effects of potassium and sodium salts on whorl maggot, leaf folder and yellow stem borer of rice. The yield and yield attributing characters were observed and benefit cost ratio was calculated. The potassium salts viz. potassium chloride (KCl), potassium nitrate (KNO3), potassium sulfate (K2SO4), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) and sodium salt as sodium chloride (NaCl) were applied by three modes viz. seed soaking for 12 hours before sowing, seedling root dipping for twelve hours before transplanting and foliar sprays at 30 and 50 days after transplanting (DAT). The experimental results revealed that the foliar spray with 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate salt at 30 and 50 DAT was the best performer against rice insect-pests by lowering down the infestation of leaf folder, dead heart and white ear head and as well as responses for good yield. Maximum benefit was recorded with foliar spray of 1% sodium chloride salt.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88918530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2021.58.3.9
L. Das, B. Mondal, S. Mishra, B. Sadangi
In addition to several household chores, women in rural areas remain involved very actively in farming activities. On getting similar access to productive resources as men, women can boost overall agricultural output as well as income significantly. A group of farm women from 'Sankilo' village of Cuttack district, Odisha have been provided with half-an acre land with the power to decide all farm operations and ICAR-NRRI, Cuttack provided technical support for five years' period. It is being observed that returns from rice cultivation increased considerably and 'technology' in terms of demonstrations mostly contributed the difference in yield and returns over pre-project situations. Household income of family of individual women was also assessed and observed that education, family size and irrigated land holding determine the variations in income. The study advocated for appropriate policies to extend access of farm resources and impart proper education as well as capacity building of the women for enhancing the knowledge and adoptive capacity for the technologies to boost the yield and income.
{"title":"Incremental returns from rice cultivation through gender sensitive approaches - a vivid illustration","authors":"L. Das, B. Mondal, S. Mishra, B. Sadangi","doi":"10.35709/ory.2021.58.3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2021.58.3.9","url":null,"abstract":"In addition to several household chores, women in rural areas remain involved very actively in farming activities. On getting similar access to productive resources as men, women can boost overall agricultural output as well as income significantly. A group of farm women from 'Sankilo' village of Cuttack district, Odisha have been provided with half-an acre land with the power to decide all farm operations and ICAR-NRRI, Cuttack provided technical support for five years' period. It is being observed that returns from rice cultivation increased considerably and 'technology' in terms of demonstrations mostly contributed the difference in yield and returns over pre-project situations. Household income of family of individual women was also assessed and observed that education, family size and irrigated land holding determine the variations in income. The study advocated for appropriate policies to extend access of farm resources and impart proper education as well as capacity building of the women for enhancing the knowledge and adoptive capacity for the technologies to boost the yield and income.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87301990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2021.58.3.1
Subramaniyan Vijayakumar, Dinesh Kumar, K. Ramesh, Prabhu Govindasam, D. Jinger, R. Khanam, P. Saravanane, E. Subramanian, E. Joshi, V. Sharma, S. Rajpoot
Potassium (K) is the most neglected nutrient in Indian agriculture and accounts only 10% of the total fertilizer use. The increased cropping intensity and use of high yielding cultivars since the green revolution led to heavy withdrawal of K from soil. Persistent K mining over the past six decades has mined soil K level in many cultivated areas and continuously transforming sufficiency into deficiency. A recent soil test a little over 1 lakh samples from 33 states of India have categorized 41.1%, 29.3%, and 29.5% of soil samples as low, medium and high in available K respectively. Further, the trend of soil available K status showed a persistent decline in percentage of area under high and medium soil K. Consequently, the evidence of rice crop responding to K nutrition is increased. This review attempts the nexus of K nutrition in rice for devising strategies for potassium management in rice-based cropping systems in the country.
{"title":"Potassium nutrition in rice: A review","authors":"Subramaniyan Vijayakumar, Dinesh Kumar, K. Ramesh, Prabhu Govindasam, D. Jinger, R. Khanam, P. Saravanane, E. Subramanian, E. Joshi, V. Sharma, S. Rajpoot","doi":"10.35709/ory.2021.58.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2021.58.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"Potassium (K) is the most neglected nutrient in Indian agriculture and accounts only 10% of the total fertilizer use. The increased cropping intensity and use of high yielding cultivars since the green revolution led to heavy withdrawal of K from soil. Persistent K mining over the past six decades has mined soil K level in many cultivated areas and continuously transforming sufficiency into deficiency. A recent soil test a little over 1 lakh\u0000samples from 33 states of India have categorized 41.1%, 29.3%, and 29.5% of soil samples as low, medium and high in available K respectively. Further, the trend of soil available K status showed a persistent decline in percentage of area under high and medium soil K. Consequently, the evidence of rice crop responding to K nutrition is increased. This review attempts the nexus of K nutrition in rice for devising strategies for potassium management in rice-based cropping systems in the country.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"1068 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77648580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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