Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.2
Puranjoy Sar, P. C. Kole
Forty-five rice genotypes were evaluated for determining the pattern of variation and relationship among 14 yield contributing traits. Four principal components (PCs) exhibited eigen values >1.0 and explained about 79.5 % of the total phenotypic variability. From rotated component matrix it has been observed that the highest positive eigen vector was taken by secondary branches (0.945), followed by total spikelet number (0.945), fertile spikelet number (0.889), primary branches (0.676) and harvest index (0.632) in PC1, indicating the major effects in the overall variation among the genotypes. Seven groups were formed after cluster analysis. Cluster I had lowest average for days to 50% flowering, Cluster II had highest mean value for harvest index, Cluster III had highest mean for flag leaf area, test weight, and straw and grain yield per plant, and Cluster V had highest mean value for primary branches, total spikelet number, fertile spikelet number and fertility %. So, desirable genotypes fromdifferent cluster can be selected and hybridization programme may be initiated to utilize heterosis in F1 generation and wide spectrum of recombinants in segregating generations for selection of promising segregants.
{"title":"Principal component and cluster analyses for assessing agro-morphological diversity in rice","authors":"Puranjoy Sar, P. C. Kole","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Forty-five rice genotypes were evaluated for determining the pattern of variation and relationship among 14 yield contributing traits. Four principal components (PCs) exhibited eigen values >1.0 and explained about 79.5 % of the total phenotypic variability. From rotated component matrix it has been observed that the highest positive eigen vector was taken by secondary branches (0.945), followed by total spikelet number (0.945), fertile spikelet number (0.889), primary branches (0.676) and harvest index (0.632) in PC1, indicating the major effects in the overall variation among the genotypes. Seven groups were formed after cluster analysis. Cluster I had lowest average for days to 50% flowering, Cluster II had highest mean value for harvest index, Cluster III had highest mean for flag leaf area, test weight, and straw and grain yield per plant, and Cluster V had highest mean value for primary branches, total spikelet number, fertile spikelet number and fertility %. So, desirable genotypes fromdifferent cluster can be selected and hybridization programme may be initiated to utilize heterosis in F1 generation and wide spectrum of recombinants in segregating generations for selection of promising segregants.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83548839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.1
Kousik Mbvn, P. E, R. G, C. K, H. G, D. T, Hajira Sk, Swapnil Rk, L. B, Mastanbee Sk, A. M, A. M, Kaleysa Rr, P. Sinha, V. G., Fiyaz Ra, S. P, S. Lv, Prasad Ms, Laha Gs, Krishna Satya A, S. P, Neeraja Cn, Kim Sr, Jena Kk, Sundaram Rm
Swarna (MTU7029), an Indian mega-variety of rice, is cultivated on an estimated 8Mha of land. There is a pressing need to address yield stagnation and wider adaptability to irrigated lowland and rainfed ecologies as a result of the negative consequences of climate change and population growth. The present study was aimed at improving Swarna for two yield-related traits through marker-assisted backcross breeding strategy by introgression of OsSPL14 (panicle branching) and SCM2 (stronger culm). Foreground and background selection was carried out at each generation. Homozygous BC2F2 plants harbouring both yield-enhancing genes were identified and advanced through pedigree selection till BC2F5 and evaluated in station trials. Three promising lines possessing higher yield over recurrent parent were identified, and a single line, IET 27661 exhibited superior yield in multi-location trials of the All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Programme (AICRIP) and was found to be promising.
{"title":"Performance of improved versions of Swarna introgressed with yield enhancing genes in multi-location trials","authors":"Kousik Mbvn, P. E, R. G, C. K, H. G, D. T, Hajira Sk, Swapnil Rk, L. B, Mastanbee Sk, A. M, A. M, Kaleysa Rr, P. Sinha, V. G., Fiyaz Ra, S. P, S. Lv, Prasad Ms, Laha Gs, Krishna Satya A, S. P, Neeraja Cn, Kim Sr, Jena Kk, Sundaram Rm","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Swarna (MTU7029), an Indian mega-variety of rice, is cultivated on an estimated 8Mha of land. There is a pressing need to address yield stagnation and wider adaptability to irrigated lowland and rainfed ecologies as a result of the negative consequences of climate change and population growth. The present study was aimed at improving Swarna for two yield-related traits through marker-assisted backcross breeding strategy by introgression of OsSPL14 (panicle branching) and SCM2 (stronger culm). Foreground and background selection was carried out at each generation. Homozygous BC2F2 plants harbouring both yield-enhancing genes were identified and advanced through pedigree selection till BC2F5 and evaluated in station trials. Three promising lines possessing higher yield over recurrent parent were identified, and a single line, IET 27661 exhibited superior yield in multi-location trials of the All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Programme (AICRIP) and was found to be promising.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79477721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.6
Excess ion accumulation disturbs ionic homeostasis, creates an osmotic imbalance, and generates oxidative stress in plants under salinity stress. In the present experiment, the effect of salt stress at the seedling stage on the osmotic equilibrium and ROS scavenging potential was evaluated in ten differentially salt-sensitive rice genotypes. For this, the plants were grown hydroponically and salt stress equivalent to 12 dS m-1 was imposed at 3-4 leaf stages. The results showed that a few genotypes like FL478, AC41585, and AC39416A were able to maintain a lower Na+/K+ ratio in the leaf and thus proved more tolerant to salt stress than others. Additionally, these genotypes produced greater organic osmolytes (proline, glycine betaine, trehalose) and also had higher activities of key antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase). On the contrary, Rashpanjor and CSR27 showed lesser ionic discrimination (higher leaf Na+/K+ ratio) but a moderate degree of salt tolerance, perhaps using Na+ effectively as an inorganic osmoticum to overcome stress. The susceptible genotypes like IR29 and Sabita were found extremely poor in restricting the upward movement of Na+, as well as the management of oxidative stress under saline conditions. From this study, we conclude that an efficient reactive oxygen species scavenging system along with greater osmotolerance helps to render salt tolerance at the seedling stage in rice.
{"title":"Ion exclusion, osmoregulation and management of oxidative stress improve salt tolerance in rice at seedling stage","authors":"","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Excess ion accumulation disturbs ionic homeostasis, creates an osmotic imbalance, and generates oxidative stress in plants under salinity stress. In the present experiment, the effect of salt stress at the seedling stage on the osmotic equilibrium and ROS scavenging potential was evaluated in ten differentially salt-sensitive rice genotypes. For this, the plants were grown hydroponically and salt stress equivalent to 12 dS m-1 was imposed at 3-4 leaf stages. The results showed that a few genotypes like FL478, AC41585, and AC39416A were able to maintain a lower Na+/K+ ratio in the leaf and thus proved more tolerant to salt stress than others. Additionally, these genotypes produced greater organic osmolytes (proline, glycine betaine, trehalose) and also had higher activities of key antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase). On the contrary, Rashpanjor and CSR27 showed lesser ionic discrimination (higher leaf Na+/K+ ratio) but a moderate degree of salt tolerance, perhaps using Na+ effectively as an inorganic osmoticum to overcome stress. The susceptible genotypes like IR29 and Sabita were found extremely poor in restricting the upward movement of Na+, as well as the management of oxidative stress under saline conditions. From this study, we conclude that an efficient reactive oxygen species scavenging system along with greater osmotolerance helps to render salt tolerance at the seedling stage in rice.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89089921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.15
D. Bijoy, B. Chethana, MK Prasanna Kumar, C. Deepak, PS Benherlal
Bacterial leaf blight disease is a major biotic constraint of rice cultivation distributed widely in Asia including India. During the survey (Kharif 2019) in southern Karnataka bacterial leaf blight severity ranged from 30-55% was recorded from maximum tillering onwards till the dough stage. The symptoms observed were water-soaked stripes from the tip of the leaves to white wavy margins along one or both the edges turning yellowish white and later became straw-colored and finally dries out. Symptomatic blight disease samples were collected from the field and the causal organism was isolated on nutrient agar medium following colony morphology and biochemical characteristics was studied. The isolates were isolated and tested for pathogenicity on variety Jyothi under glass house condition. DNA fingerprinting of 16SrDNA and nucleotide blast analysis of the seventeen isolates sequenced, five showed 97-100% sequence identity with Sphingomonas panni, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, and Sphingomonas sp. and rest of twelve matched to Xanthomonas oryzae and Pantoea sp.
{"title":"First report of bacterial leaf blight of rice caused by Sphingomonas sp. in Southern Karnataka, India","authors":"D. Bijoy, B. Chethana, MK Prasanna Kumar, C. Deepak, PS Benherlal","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial leaf blight disease is a major biotic constraint of rice cultivation distributed widely in Asia including India. During the survey (Kharif 2019) in southern Karnataka bacterial leaf blight severity ranged from 30-55% was recorded from maximum tillering onwards till the dough stage. The symptoms observed were water-soaked stripes from the tip of the leaves to white wavy margins along one or both the edges turning yellowish white and later became straw-colored and finally dries out. Symptomatic blight disease samples were collected from the field and the causal organism was isolated on nutrient agar medium following colony morphology and biochemical characteristics was studied. The isolates were isolated and tested for pathogenicity on variety Jyothi under glass house condition. DNA fingerprinting of 16SrDNA and nucleotide blast analysis of the seventeen isolates sequenced, five showed 97-100% sequence identity with Sphingomonas panni, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, and Sphingomonas sp. and rest of twelve matched to Xanthomonas oryzae and Pantoea sp.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79540108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.8
L. Behera, R. Chandra, S. Lenka, A. Mahanty, S Kumar, P. Rath
Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn (AG 1-IA) is one of the most devastating pathogens of rice causing sheath blight disease and being a prime reason for the unsatisfactory productivity of rice in India. The goal of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized using an agriculturally important bacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens OKC, in managing the sheath blight disease of rice. Successful biosynthesis of AgNPs was monitored by UV-visible spectroscopy, showing a peak at 432 nm. The AgNPs were further characterized using a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The TEM result confirmed that the size of the synthesized nanoparticles was less than 100nm. DLS results revealed that the average particle size of the AgNPs was 74 nm and the zeta potential was -23.6 mV, indicating that the synthesized nanoparticles were of good stability at room temperature. The antifungal potential of AgNPs was tested against the test fungus in vitro and maximum growth inhibition was recorded in AgNPs treatment (69.09%) as compared to the control. Moreover, this result was further authenticated under net house conditions, where AgNPs successfully reduced the incidence of R.solani Kuhn. The findings showed that the biosynthesized AgNPs inhibited the growth of R. solani Kuhn and could be useful in the management of sheath blight disease in rice.
{"title":"Bacterial synthesized silver nanoparticle inhibits Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, the causal organism for sheath blight disease of rice","authors":"L. Behera, R. Chandra, S. Lenka, A. Mahanty, S Kumar, P. Rath","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn (AG 1-IA) is one of the most devastating pathogens of rice causing sheath blight disease and being a prime reason for the unsatisfactory productivity of rice in India. The goal of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized using an agriculturally important bacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens OKC, in managing the sheath blight disease of rice. Successful biosynthesis of AgNPs was monitored by UV-visible spectroscopy, showing a peak at 432 nm. The AgNPs were further characterized using a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The TEM result confirmed that the size of the synthesized nanoparticles was less than 100nm. DLS results revealed that the average particle size of the AgNPs was 74 nm and the zeta potential was -23.6 mV, indicating that the synthesized nanoparticles were of good stability at room temperature. The antifungal potential of AgNPs was tested against the test fungus in vitro and maximum growth inhibition was recorded in AgNPs treatment (69.09%) as compared to the control. Moreover, this result was further authenticated under net house conditions, where AgNPs successfully reduced the incidence of R.solani Kuhn. The findings showed that the biosynthesized AgNPs inhibited the growth of R. solani Kuhn and could be useful in the management of sheath blight disease in rice.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"318 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80161613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.7
N. Patil, A. Baruah, T. Adak, B. G, G. Pandi G, M. Annamalai, R. S, P. Rath
The potential yield loss of 15-25% rice production is noticed due to different pest infestation in South Asian countries. This is due to the favorable climatic conditions for pests. It compels farmers to use a major chunk of pesticides to prevent/recover from pest attack. Hence, the field experiments were carried out to test the insecticide, Chlorantraniliprole 625 g/L FS as seed treatment formulation. It is evident from the studies undertaken during rabi 2018-19 and kharif 2018, that Chlorantraniliprole provided excellent control over yellow stem borer and leaf folder in conventional variety of rice (CR Dhan 304) and hybrid rice (28P67). Among the different doses, Chlorantraniliprole @ 75.0 g a.i/ha recorded significantly better control registering least dead heart of 5.41, 4.77, 3.43, 2.98% and 2.47% at 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days after transplanting, respectively. Similarly for Hybrid (28P67) trial the treatment recorded the least count of leaf folder with 0.57, 0.68, 0.74, 0.81 and 0.89 larvae/hill during the intervals of 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days after transplanting, respectively and the highest yield (5.46 t/ha) was registered in treatment which was significantly superior over the other entire dose rates of Chlorantraniliprole and the market standard. Thus, from this study, Chlorantraniliprole @ 75 g a.i /ha can be recommended for controlling stem borer and leaf folder in paddy (both for conventional variety and hybrid).
在南亚国家，由于不同的病虫害，可能造成15-25%的水稻产量损失。这是由于对害虫有利的气候条件。它迫使农民使用大量的杀虫剂来预防虫害。为此，对氯虫腈625 g/L FS作为种子处理配方进行了田间试验。从2018-19年rabi和2018年kharif期间进行的研究中可以明显看出，氯虫腈在常规水稻(CR丹304)和杂交水稻(28P67)中对黄茎螟和叶折虫有很好的控制作用。在不同剂量下，75.0 g a.i/ha的氯虫腈在移植后14、21、28、35和42 d的最低死心率分别为5.41%、4.77%、3.43%、2.98%和2.47%。杂交品种(28P67)在移栽后14、21、28、35和42 d的叶夹数最少，分别为0.57、0.68、0.74、0.81和0.89只/山，产量最高(5.46 t/公顷)，显著优于其他氯虫腈全剂量率和市场标准。因此，从本研究中可以推荐使用75 g a.i /ha的氯虫腈防治水稻螟虫和叶折病(包括常规品种和杂交品种)。
{"title":"A novel insecticide seed treatment formulation (Chlorantraniliprole 625 g/L FS) for yellow stem borer and leaf folder management in rice","authors":"N. Patil, A. Baruah, T. Adak, B. G, G. Pandi G, M. Annamalai, R. S, P. Rath","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"The potential yield loss of 15-25% rice production is noticed due to different pest infestation in South Asian countries. This is due to the favorable climatic conditions for pests. It compels farmers to use a major chunk of pesticides to prevent/recover from pest attack. Hence, the field experiments were carried out to test the insecticide, Chlorantraniliprole 625 g/L FS as seed treatment formulation. It is evident from the studies undertaken during rabi 2018-19 and kharif 2018, that Chlorantraniliprole provided excellent control over yellow stem borer and leaf folder in conventional variety of rice (CR Dhan 304) and hybrid rice (28P67). Among the different doses, Chlorantraniliprole @ 75.0 g a.i/ha recorded significantly better control registering least dead heart of 5.41, 4.77, 3.43, 2.98% and 2.47% at 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days after transplanting, respectively. Similarly for Hybrid (28P67) trial the treatment recorded the least count of leaf folder with 0.57, 0.68, 0.74, 0.81 and 0.89 larvae/hill during the intervals of 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days after transplanting, respectively and the highest yield (5.46 t/ha) was registered in treatment which was significantly superior over the other entire dose rates of Chlorantraniliprole and the market standard. Thus, from this study, Chlorantraniliprole @ 75 g a.i /ha can be recommended for controlling stem borer and leaf folder in paddy (both for conventional variety and hybrid).","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76354416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.9
Roshini D, A. J
Silicon application can increase plant tolerance to abiotic stress and enhance productivity. Seeds of two Rice varieties (ADT53: salinity susceptible and Co 53: salinity tolerance) were exposed to different concentrations of NaCl (25, 50, 75 and 100 mM), Silicon (Sodium metasilicate; 1, 1.5 and 2 mM) and a combination of both NaCl and Silicon to investigate the effect of silicon on seed germination, morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics under salinity stress imposed for 15 days and also subjected to fresh water alone (control). Application of silicon enhances the germination rate of ADT 53 and Co 53 (90%) in 50mM NaCl + 2mM Si. Maximum shoot length was observed in ADT 53 (6.54 cm) and Co 53 (10 cm) in 25 mM NaCl + 2mM Si. Maximum root length was observed in ADT 53 (12.9 cm) and Co 53 (10 cm) in 50mM NaCl + 1mM Si. ADT 53 (33.3%) showed the highest percentage of chlorophyll-a in 25 mM NaCl + 1 mM Si and Co 53 (30%) in 75mM NaCl + 2 mM Si 100 mM NaCl + 2 mM Si. The highest percentage of Chlorophyll b was observed in ADT 53 (104%) in 25 mM NaCl + 2mM Si and Co 53 (95%) in 100 mM NaCl + 2 mM Si. Total chlorophyll content was maximum in ADT 53 (133%) in 25mM NaCl + 2mM Si and Co 53 (130%) in 75 mM NaCl + 2mM Si. Maximum carotenoid was observed in ADT 53 (240%) in 100 mM NaCl + 1.5 mM Si and Co 53 (273%)in 25 mM NaCl + 2 mM Si. Chlorophyll stability index was increased in ADT 53 (185.7%) in 100 mM NaCl + 2 mM Si and Co 53 (205.38%) in100 mM NaCl + 1.5 mM Si. Proline content was decreased in ADT 53(13%) in 25 mM NaCl + 1.5 mM Si and Co 53 (11%) in 100 mM NaCl + 1.5mM Si. MDA was found low in ADT 53 (11%) in 100 mM NaCl + 1.5 mM Si for and Co 53 (14%) in 50 mM NaCl + 2 mM Si. CAT activity was found low in ADT 53 (14%) in 25mM NaCl + 1.5 mM Si and Co 53 (16%) in 25 mM NaCl + 2 mM Si , 100 mM NaCl + 1.5mM Si. ADT 53 showed the on-par performance with salinity tolerant variety Co 53.
施硅可以提高植物对非生物胁迫的耐受性，提高产量。将两个水稻品种ADT53(盐敏感)和co53(耐盐)的种子分别暴露于不同浓度的NaCl(25、50、75和100 mM)、硅(偏硅酸钠;在盐胁迫15 d和单独淡水处理(对照)条件下，研究了硅对种子萌发、形态、生理生化特性的影响。在50mM NaCl + 2mM Si条件下，施用硅提高了adt53和co53的发芽率(90%)。在25 mM NaCl + 2mM Si条件下，ADT 53 (6.54 cm)和Co 53 (10 cm)的茎长最大。在50mM NaCl + 1mM Si条件下，ADT 53 (12.9 cm)和Co 53 (10 cm)的根长最大。25 mM NaCl + 1 mM Si中ADT 53(33.3%)和75mM NaCl + 2 mM Si (100 mM NaCl + 2 mM Si)中Co 53(30%)的叶绿素a含量最高。在25 mM NaCl + 2mM Si条件下，adt53的叶绿素b含量最高(104%)，在100 mM NaCl + 2mM Si条件下，co53的叶绿素b含量最高(95%)。总叶绿素含量在25mM NaCl + 2mM Si条件下最高，为133%，在75mm NaCl + 2mM Si条件下最高，为130%。在100 mM NaCl + 1.5 mM Si条件下，adt53的类胡萝卜素含量最高(240%)，在25 mM NaCl + 2 mM Si条件下，co53的类胡萝卜素含量最高(273%)。在100 mM NaCl + 2 mM Si和100 mM NaCl + 1.5 mM Si条件下，adt53的叶绿素稳定性指数分别提高了185.7%和205.38%。25 mM NaCl + 1.5mM Si处理下ADT 53脯氨酸含量降低13%，100 mM NaCl + 1.5mM Si处理下co53脯氨酸含量降低11%。在100 mM NaCl + 1.5 mM Si溶液中，adt53的MDA含量低(11%)，而在50 mM NaCl + 2 mM Si溶液中，co53的MDA含量低(14%)。在25mM NaCl + 1.5mM Si条件下，adt53的CAT活性较低(14%)，而在25mM NaCl + 2 mM Si、100 mM NaCl + 1.5mM Si条件下，co53的CAT活性较低(16%)。adt53与耐盐品种co53表现出相当的性能。
{"title":"Effect of silicon on morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics in salinity tolerance in indica rice","authors":"Roshini D, A. J","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon application can increase plant tolerance to abiotic stress and enhance productivity. Seeds of two Rice varieties (ADT53: salinity susceptible and Co 53: salinity tolerance) were exposed to different concentrations of NaCl (25, 50, 75 and 100 mM), Silicon (Sodium metasilicate; 1, 1.5 and 2 mM) and a combination of both NaCl and Silicon to investigate the effect of silicon on seed germination, morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics under salinity stress imposed for 15 days and also subjected to fresh water alone (control). Application of silicon enhances the germination rate of ADT 53 and Co 53 (90%) in 50mM NaCl + 2mM Si. Maximum shoot length was observed in ADT 53 (6.54 cm) and Co 53 (10 cm) in 25 mM NaCl + 2mM Si. Maximum root length was observed in ADT 53 (12.9 cm) and Co 53 (10 cm) in 50mM NaCl + 1mM Si. ADT 53 (33.3%) showed the highest percentage of chlorophyll-a in 25 mM NaCl + 1 mM Si and Co 53 (30%) in 75mM NaCl + 2 mM Si 100 mM NaCl + 2 mM Si. The highest percentage of Chlorophyll b was observed in ADT 53 (104%) in 25 mM NaCl + 2mM Si and Co 53 (95%) in 100 mM NaCl + 2 mM Si. Total chlorophyll content was maximum in ADT 53 (133%) in 25mM NaCl + 2mM Si and Co 53 (130%) in 75 mM NaCl + 2mM Si. Maximum carotenoid was observed in ADT 53 (240%) in 100 mM NaCl + 1.5 mM Si and Co 53 (273%)in 25 mM NaCl + 2 mM Si. Chlorophyll stability index was increased in ADT 53 (185.7%) in 100 mM NaCl + 2 mM Si and Co 53 (205.38%) in100 mM NaCl + 1.5 mM Si. Proline content was decreased in ADT 53(13%) in 25 mM NaCl + 1.5 mM Si and Co 53 (11%) in 100 mM NaCl + 1.5mM Si. MDA was found low in ADT 53 (11%) in 100 mM NaCl + 1.5 mM Si for and Co 53 (14%) in 50 mM NaCl + 2 mM Si. CAT activity was found low in ADT 53 (14%) in 25mM NaCl + 1.5 mM Si and Co 53 (16%) in 25 mM NaCl + 2 mM Si , 100 mM NaCl + 1.5mM Si. ADT 53 showed the on-par performance with salinity tolerant variety Co 53.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90745852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.12
R. Ajaykumar, R. Venkitaswamy, P. Kumaresan
Field experiment was conducted at wetland farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during kharif season to study the effect of integrated nutrient management practices on transplanted lowland rice. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications and nine treatments. Rice CO(R) 48 was used as a test variety. Based on N equivalent basis, required quantities of dhaincha, vermicompost, farmyard manure were incorporated before transplanting of rice. The P and K requirement was supplied separately through inorganic sources as per treatment schedule. The results revealed that yield attributes (number of productive tillers m-2 (288), total number of grains panicle-1 (217), percentage of filled grains (89.4) and yield (6248 kg ha-1), panicle parameters (panicle length (28.3 cm), panicle weight (4.64 g ), test weight (18.1 g), physiological and bio chemical parameters (chlorophyll index (36.02), chlorophyll stability index (72.22 %), relative water content (78.43%), soluble protein content (15.58 mg g-1) were significantly influenced with application of 100% NPK through inorganic fertilizers + 6.25 t dhaincha followed by application of 100% N through dhaincha + balance P & K through inorganic fertilizers. Maximum soil enzyme dynamics (urease activity (47.1 µg NH+ g-1 soil 24 h-1), soil dehydrogenase activity (37.1 µg of TPF released g-1 of soil 24 h-1), soil phosphatase activity (39.1 µg of p - nitrophenol released g-1 of soil 24 h-1), nitrogen use efficiency (agronomic efficiency, physiological efficiency and apparent N recovery) and chemical composition like protein (7.41 %), carbohydrates (78.53%), amylose content (27.07 %), fat (0.58 %) and fibre (0.231 %) were high with application of 100 % N through dhaincha + balance P & K through inorganic fertilizers.
{"title":"Agronomic response, physiological and bio-chemical composition of transplanted rice influenced by nutrient management practices","authors":"R. Ajaykumar, R. Venkitaswamy, P. Kumaresan","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiment was conducted at wetland farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during kharif season to study the effect of integrated nutrient management practices on transplanted lowland rice. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications and nine treatments. Rice CO(R) 48 was used as a test variety. Based on N equivalent basis, required quantities of dhaincha, vermicompost, farmyard manure were incorporated before transplanting of rice. The P and K requirement was supplied separately through inorganic sources as per treatment schedule. The results revealed that yield attributes (number of productive tillers m-2 (288), total number of grains panicle-1 (217), percentage of filled grains (89.4) and yield (6248 kg ha-1), panicle parameters (panicle length (28.3 cm), panicle weight (4.64 g ), test weight (18.1 g), physiological and bio chemical parameters (chlorophyll index (36.02), chlorophyll stability index (72.22 %), relative water content (78.43%), soluble protein content (15.58 mg g-1) were significantly influenced with application of 100% NPK through inorganic fertilizers + 6.25 t dhaincha followed by application of 100% N through dhaincha + balance P & K through inorganic fertilizers. Maximum soil enzyme dynamics (urease activity (47.1 µg NH+ g-1 soil 24 h-1), soil dehydrogenase activity (37.1 µg of TPF released g-1 of soil 24 h-1), soil phosphatase activity (39.1 µg of p - nitrophenol released g-1 of soil 24 h-1), nitrogen use efficiency (agronomic efficiency, physiological efficiency and apparent N recovery) and chemical composition like protein (7.41 %), carbohydrates (78.53%), amylose content (27.07 %), fat (0.58 %) and fibre (0.231 %) were high with application of 100 % N through dhaincha + balance P & K through inorganic fertilizers.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87139492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.10
AK Singh, Divya Singh, R. Verma, Atish Yadav
A field experiment was conducted during two consecutive seasons of kharif 2020 and 2021 at Agronomy Research Farm, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj Ayodhya (U.P.) to evaluate the effect of nitrogen level on growth, yield attributes and yield of different hybrid varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment was conducted in factorial randomized block design which comprised of 4 levels of nitrogen viz., 0 % RDN, 50 % RDN, 75 % RDN and 100 % RDN and 4 varieties viz., Arize-6444 Gold, Ankur-7576, 27P31 and Shahi-Dawat. Experiment was replicated three times. Results revealed significantly higher growth parameters, yield attributes and yield at 100% of RDN (150 kg N ha-1) which is at par with 75 % RDN (112 kg N ha-1) and significantly superior over 0 % RDN and 50 % RDN (75kg N ha-1) were increased at all stages except days taken to 50% flowering. The growth parameters, yield attributes and yield were increased significantly with Ankur-7576 variety except for length of the panicle (cm) and test weight (g). Ankur-7576 gave a good response in low level of nitrogenous fertilizer and showed good efficiency in utilization of available and applied nitrogen to the crop and is best suitable for obtaining higher yield of hybrid rice.
在Kumarganj Ayodhya (U.P.)阿查里亚·纳伦德拉·德瓦农业技术大学农学研究农场连续两季进行了田间试验，以评估氮素水平对不同杂交稻品种生长、产量属性和产量的影响。试验采用因子随机区组设计，设4个氮肥水平(0 % RDN、50% RDN、75% RDN和100% RDN)和4个品种(Arize-6444 Gold、ankurr -7576、27P31和Shahi-Dawat)。实验重复了三次。结果表明，除50%开花期外，100% RDN (150 kg N hm -1)和75% RDN (112 kg N hm -1)的生长参数、产量属性和产量均显著提高，高于0% RDN和50% RDN (75kg N hm -1)的产量显著提高。除穗长(cm)和试重(g)外，安库尔-7576的生长参数、产量性状和产量均有显著提高。安库尔-7576对低水平氮肥反应良好，对速效氮和施氮的利用效率较高，是获得高产的杂交水稻的最佳选择。
{"title":"Effect of nitrogen level on growth, yield attributes and yield of hybrid varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"AK Singh, Divya Singh, R. Verma, Atish Yadav","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted during two consecutive seasons of kharif 2020 and 2021 at Agronomy Research Farm, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj Ayodhya (U.P.) to evaluate the effect of nitrogen level on growth, yield attributes and yield of different hybrid varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment was conducted in factorial randomized block design which comprised of 4 levels of nitrogen viz., 0 % RDN, 50 % RDN, 75 % RDN and 100 % RDN and 4 varieties viz., Arize-6444 Gold, Ankur-7576, 27P31 and Shahi-Dawat. Experiment was replicated three times. Results revealed significantly higher growth parameters, yield attributes and yield at 100% of RDN (150 kg N ha-1) which is at par with 75 % RDN (112 kg N ha-1) and significantly superior over 0 % RDN and 50 % RDN (75kg N ha-1) were increased at all stages except days taken to 50% flowering. The growth parameters, yield attributes and yield were increased significantly with Ankur-7576 variety except for length of the panicle (cm) and test weight (g). Ankur-7576 gave a good response in low level of nitrogenous fertilizer and showed good efficiency in utilization of available and applied nitrogen to the crop and is best suitable for obtaining higher yield of hybrid rice.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79085924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.14
D. Dhaker, Birendra Kumar, Rayapati Karthik, M. Raj
A field experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research Farm, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar during kharif season of 2018-19 to study the effect of different herbicides on weed species, growth attributes and yields of direct seeded rice. The experiment comprised of 11 treatments based on weed management practices. The 11 treatments were lone application of pendimethalin and pyrazosulfuron as pre-emergence herbicides while others were as post-emergence at 20 days after sowing i.e. pyrazosulfuron @ 25 g/ha PE, pendimethalin @1000 g/ha PE, pyrazosulfuron @ 25 g /ha PE fb 2,4-DEE @ 750 g/ha POE, pyrazosulfuron @ 25 g /ha PE fb bispyriba-Na @ 25 g/ha POE, pyrazosulfuron @ 25 g/ha PE fb bispyribac-Na @ 20 g/ha + pyrazosulfuron @ 20 g/ha POE, bispyribac-Na @ 25 g/ha POE, bispyribac-Na @ 20 g/ha + pyrazosulfuron @ 20 g/ha POE, ethoxysulfuron @ 15 g/ha + pyrazosulfuron @ 20 g /ha POE, halosulfuron @ 67.5 g/ha + azimsulfuron @ 30 g/ha POE, hand weeding thrice and weed check. Among all the herbicidal treatments, the minimum weed density (5.13 m-2), dry weight (4.82 g m-2), highest grain yield (5.41 t/ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.9) were recorded with application of pyrazosulfuron @ 25 g/ha PE fb bispyribac-Na @ 20 g/ha + pyrazosulfuron @ 20 g/ha POE.
{"title":"Evaluating sequential application of pre and post emergence herbicides in direct- seeded rice","authors":"D. Dhaker, Birendra Kumar, Rayapati Karthik, M. Raj","doi":"10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research Farm, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar during kharif season of 2018-19 to study the effect of different herbicides on weed species, growth attributes and yields of direct seeded rice. The experiment comprised of 11 treatments based on weed management practices. The 11 treatments were lone application of pendimethalin and pyrazosulfuron as pre-emergence herbicides while others were as post-emergence at 20 days after sowing i.e. pyrazosulfuron @ 25 g/ha PE, pendimethalin @1000 g/ha PE, pyrazosulfuron @ 25 g /ha PE fb 2,4-DEE @ 750 g/ha POE, pyrazosulfuron @ 25 g /ha PE fb bispyriba-Na @ 25 g/ha POE, pyrazosulfuron @ 25 g/ha PE fb bispyribac-Na @ 20 g/ha + pyrazosulfuron @ 20 g/ha POE, bispyribac-Na @ 25 g/ha POE, bispyribac-Na @ 20 g/ha + pyrazosulfuron @ 20 g/ha POE, ethoxysulfuron @ 15 g/ha + pyrazosulfuron @ 20 g /ha POE, halosulfuron @ 67.5 g/ha + azimsulfuron @ 30 g/ha POE, hand weeding thrice and weed check. Among all the herbicidal treatments, the minimum weed density (5.13 m-2), dry weight (4.82 g m-2), highest grain yield (5.41 t/ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.9) were recorded with application of pyrazosulfuron @ 25 g/ha PE fb bispyribac-Na @ 20 g/ha + pyrazosulfuron @ 20 g/ha POE.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81783320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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