Ore Geology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Fluid inclusion composition reveals mineralization potential of the Mogutu skarn deposit, NE China","authors":"Yixin Li ,&nbsp;Qihai Shu ,&nbsp;Zifeng He ,&nbsp;Xudong Niu ,&nbsp;Jiajun Liu ,&nbsp;Siyuan Liu ,&nbsp;Shuqi Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing global demand for mineral resources underscores the increasing importance of intrusion-related hydrothermal deposits as the major sources of numerous metals such as Cu, Mo, Sn, and W. While magmatic-hydrothermal systems are widespread, determining their ore-forming capability and establishing methods to assess their potential remain key challenges for mineral exploration. Ore-related fluids trapped in fluid inclusions at relatively high temperatures predating mineralization preserve the pristine geochemical signatures of magmatic exsolution, serving as an ideal tool for addressing the above issues. In this study, the fluid inclusions in the pegmatite quartz from an Early Cretaceous alkali-feldspar granite, the causative intrusion of the Mogutu skarn deposit in NE China, were analyzed using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The results have been used to demonstrate how fluid compositions can be applied to evaluate the fertility of the hydrothermal system. The Mogutu fluids exhibit elevated concentrations of Sn (560 ppm) and Ag (78 ppm) compared to Sn- or Ag-barren systems, but are depleted in Cu (540 ppm) relative to typical Cu-mineralized systems. The concentrations of Fe (3.2 wt%), Zn (5,700 ppm), and Pb (2,950 ppm) are comparable to both those Fe/Zn-Pb deposits and barren systems. The results align with the occurrence of economic Sn-Ag ores in the Mogutu skarn, while the Fe mineralization likely benefited significantly from an additional contribution from the Fe-rich wallrocks (e.g., andesite). Mass balance calculation further reveals the high endowment of Zn-Pb but low W-Mo, consistent with the widespread Zn-Pb ores but no W-Mo mineralization in Mogutu and the surrounding region. This study demonstrates that fluid inclusion composition is a reliable geochemical indicator for assessing mineralization potential, thereby enhancing predictive accuracy in magmatic-hydrothermal prospectivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107178"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147422367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of a suspected intrusion-related polymetallic Mo-Bi-Te-Au vein-stockwork system in the southern Chilean Andes: The Trapananda prospect, Patagonia, Chile","authors":"Marcos Zentilli ,&nbsp;Jacob Hanley ,&nbsp;Juan Valdes-Edwards","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Trapananda prospect in Rio Soler, Aysén, XI^th Region, Patagonia, Chile, contains quartz-molybdenum (Mo)-bismuth (Bi)-tellurium (Te)-gold (Au) vein arrays within, and near, a granite apophysis of the North Patagonian Batholith that intrudes carbonaceous metasedimentary rocks (phyllites and schists) of Late Paleozoic to Triassic age. It was first interpreted as a porphyry-type Mo deposit, and some of the quartz vein arrays have some similarities with those in metamorphogenic turbidite-hosted orogenic Au deposits. However, the Trapananda mineralization is comprised of molybdenite, native bismuth, and Bi-Te-S sulfosalts suggesting a different genetic model. The dating of molybdenite by the Re-Os isotopic method yielded a model age of 143.5 (±0.6) Ma (late Jurassic), confirming a genetic association with the adjoining batholith. Two-phase fluid inclusions in quartz show no evidence of boiling (phase separation) but are coeval with molybdenite, Bi-Te-S sulfosalt minerals, and trails of Bi-Te-S semi-metal melt inclusions. The fluid inclusions have an average salinity of 13.4 wt% eq. NaCl and T_h of 210°C (n = 39 inclusions in 8 fluid inclusion assemblages). Fluid inclusions were trapped between ∼270 and ∼400°C at a minimum P of 0.7–2 kbar kbar (min ∼2.5–7 km depth), constrained by integrating isochore data with Bi-Te-S phase relation compositional constraints for fluid-coeval semi-metal melt inclusions. Together with the fluid inclusion systematics, the geochemistry of the igneous rocks, the vein textures, mineralogy and metal association (Mo-Bi-Te-Au) including semi-metal melts (which may have played a role in concentrating Au), and the stable isotope systematics (quartz δ¹⁸O_VSMOW + 10 ‰; sulfide-sulfosalt δ³⁴S_VCDT −0.1 to −1.0 ‰; host schist δ¹³C_VPDB = –22 ‰) at the Trapananda occurrence are most compatible with metasediment-hosted, reduced intrusion-related Au system (RIRGS). However, some features are not consistent with this classification and thus, an intrusion-related polymetallic type of mineralization is favoured as a more general classification. Importantly, this type of Mo-Bi-Te-Au mineralized system has not previously documented in Chile. The lack of native Au and abundance of Bi-Te-S sulfosalt minerals that may contain dissolved “invisible Au”, concentrated during the suspected migration of semi-metal melts, may explain why the deposit eluded discovery by traditional prospecting (panning) methods in this remote, glaciated region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107132"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early paleozoic Rb mineralization in South China: Geochronology and geochemistry of Xianglushan Rb-rich granite in the Yuechengling batholith, South China","authors":"Yupeng Huo ,&nbsp;Meng Feng ,&nbsp;Chuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Wei Fu ,&nbsp;Zuohai Feng ,&nbsp;Chunzeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rubidium (Rb) deposits in South China are typically associated with highly evolved Yanshanian or Indosinian granites, while Rb mineralization related to Caledonian granites remains poorly documented. The occurrence state and enrichment mechanism of Rb in Caledonian granite is still unclear. This study investigates a newly discovered Rb-rich granite at Xianglushan within the Yuechengling batholith, South China. The Xianglushan Rb-rich granite exhibits a magmatic-hydrothermal sequence that evolves from monzogranite through monzogranite (K-feldspar alteration) to albitized granite. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of zircon and cassiterite from the Xianglushan Rb-rich granite yielded concordia ages of 416.6 ± 3.5 Ma and 415.9 ± 2.4 Ma, respectively. Zircon ε_Hf(t) values (−6.9 to −3.6) and T_DM2 model ages (1.65–1.90 Ga) indicate the magma was derived from the partial melting of Paleoproterozoic crustal material. Compared to barren Caledonian granites in Yuechengling, the Xianglushan Rb-rich granite is weakly to strongly peraluminous, with high SiO₂, DI, TE_1,3 values and non-CHARAC behavior in element pairs (Zr/Hf, Nb/Ta, Y/Ho, K/Rb). These characteristics indicate that they experienced highly fractionated evolution and melt-fluid interaction, which promoted the enrichment of Rb. Muscovite and K-feldspar are the primary host minerals for Rb resources. The Rb-rich magmatic (Ms-1) and hydrothermal muscovite (Ms-2 and Ms-3) mainly occur in muscovite monzogranite and altered granite, respectively.<!--> <!-->Ms-1 exhibits the highest Rb content, ranging from 7603 to 8249 ppm, while Rb contents gradually decrease from Ms-2 to Ms-3. This study reveals that the Caledonian granite could enriche Rb during both magmatic and hydrothermal stages. Early and extensive magmatic muscovite precipitation reduces the Rb content of the residual fluids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genesis of the Bairendaba Ag-Zn-Pb deposit and its linkage to the Weilasituo Sn-polymetallic deposit, southern Great Xing’an Range, Northeast China","authors":"Ming-Yu Cao ,&nbsp;Sha-Sha Yang ,&nbsp;Hui-Min Su ,&nbsp;Tao-Jie Dai ,&nbsp;Jia-Qi Xu ,&nbsp;Xin-Tong Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Weilasituo–Bairendaba district in the southern Great Xing’an Range hosts one of Northeast China’s most representative polymetallic vein systems, yet the genetic relationship between its Sn-W-Li and Ag-Zn-Pb mineralization remains unresolved. This study integrates new geochronological, geochemical, and isotopic data to clarify the link between the Bairendaba Ag-Zn-Pb and Weilasituo Sn-polymetallic deposits and to constrain the evolution of their ore-forming fluids. The mineralization at Bairendaba comprises three main stages: an early Cu-Zn, a middle Pb-Zn-Ag, and a late Ag-rich stage. In situ LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of newly discovered wolframite from the early Cu-Zn stage yielded an age of 133.1 ± 3.3 Ma, consistent with the mineralization age of nearby Weilasituo Sn-polymetallic deposit (135–141 Ma), indicating a shared Early Cretaceous metallogenic event. Systematic trace-element variations in sphalerite (e.g., decreasing In, Se; increasing Cd, Ge; rising Zn/Cd and Ga/In ratios) and wolframite (decreasing Nb-Ta concentrations with distance) from Weilasituo to Bairendaba record progressive fluid cooling and distal metal precipitation from a common magmatic-hydrothermal system. H-O isotope data from Weilasituo to Bairendaba (δ¹⁸O_fluid: 5.3 to −6.3‰; δD: −125.9 to −110.5‰), confirm that the hydrothermal fluids evolved from magmatic-dominated (early high-temperature and salinity) to meteoric-influenced (lower-temperature and salinity) conditions. Carbon and S isotopes (δ¹³C = -18.2 to −6.9‰; δ³⁴S = -3.3 to + 0.3‰) of Bairendaba further indicate late-stage organic carbon input from host gneiss and a uniform magmatic sulfur source. Collectively, the Bairendaba deposit is classified as a medium-temperature magmatic-hydrothermal vein system, genetically linked to the Weilasituo deposit. It represents the distal, medium-temperature expression of a unified Sn-W-Li-Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag magmatic–hydrothermal system centered on the Weilasituo intrusion, characterized by temperature-controlled mineralization zonation across the district.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107174"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isotope records of carbon, oxygen and sulfur reveal the role of sulfate evaporites in the formation of Sakatti Cu-Ni-PGE sulfide ore, Central Lapland Greenstone belt, Finland","authors":"Henri M.A. Höytiä ,&nbsp;Juha A. Karhu ,&nbsp;Petri T. Peltonen ,&nbsp;Hugh O’Brien ,&nbsp;Tapio Halkoaho ,&nbsp;Minna Myllyperkiö","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stable isotope ratios of carbon, oxygen and sulfur have been used since the 1950́s to understand the formation of magmatic and hydrothermal ore deposits. They are particularly useful in tracing the origin and differentiation of phases involved in ore-forming processes. For many sulfide ore deposits, tracking the source of sulfur is important for decoding the genesis of a deposit and to understand the mineralizing systems regionally and globally. We studied the isotopic composition of carbon (δ¹³C), oxygen (δ¹⁸O) in wall rock carbonates, and sulfur (δ³³S and δ³⁴S) in sulfide ore and wall rock sulfates in the Paleoproterozoic Sakatti Cu-Ni-PGE sulfide deposit in the Central Lapland Greenstone Belt, northern Finland. The results suggest emplacement of a komatiitic olivine cumulate body into a c. 2.2–2.05 Ga evaporite sequence, which appears to have provided most of the crustal sulfur in the Sakatti sulfide ore body. Mechanisms of the incorporation of sulfate sulfur to mafic-ultramafic magmas have been recently advanced and recognized in many base-precious metal camps. Tracking the prior presence of evaporites can be cryptic, as they tend to be camouflaged in the geological record over lengthy time scales. Assimilation of sedimentary sulfur typically shifts sulfur isotope signatures away from mantle values towards the values of assimilated crustal sulfur. However, the shift in sulfur isotope signature of the resulting sulfides can be surprisingly subtle, only showing small deviations from mantle values. Sulfur isotopes can also be homogenized by the presence of coexisting fluids leading to a well-mixed δ³⁴S signature, as demonstrated by the limited range of the bulk of the δ³⁴S values (2-4 ‰) measured from the Sakatti deposit. The assimilation of evaporitic material might also play an important role in the formation of Cu (± Pd ± Au ± Ag)-dominated ores in many other magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE deposits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107159"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magmatic volatiles and seawater contributions to the formation of the Huangtupo VMS deposit, Eastern Tianshan, NW China","authors":"Wendong Zhang,&nbsp;Xuebing Zhang,&nbsp;Xinran Gui,&nbsp;Jinghao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Huangtupo Cu–Zn deposit in the Eastern Tianshan, NW China, is a Paleozoic arc-related volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) system characterized by well-developed vertical and lateral metal zonation. Trace-element and sulfur isotope (δ³⁴S) variations in pyrite record temporal changes in sulfur sources, metal transport, and hydrothermal fluid evolution during formation of the Huangtupo VMS system.</div><div>Pre-ore massive pyrite (Py1) shows dominantly positive δ³⁴S values (+0.75‰ to +4.72‰) and relatively low median trace-metal contents, indicating precipitation from seawater-dominated hydrothermal fluids with minor magmatic overprinting. Syn-ore pyrite from massive and brecciated Cu–Zn ores (Py2a–Py2b) represents the principal ore-forming stage and is enriched in magmatic volatile–related metals (Cu, As, Se, Sb, Au, Tl, and Bi) together with the most negative δ³⁴S values (down to −3.49‰), reflecting strong magmatic volatile input and sulfur derived from SO₂ disproportionation, with subordinate seawater mixing. Syn-ore pyrite from silicified and barite-bearing disseminated ores (Py2c–Py2d) displays lower volatile-metal contents and uniformly positive δ³⁴S values (+0.53‰ to +1.92‰), indicating waning magmatic influence and increasing control of seawater-derived fluids.</div><div>Late epigenetic vein-type pyrite (Py3) is metal-poor, has the highest δ³⁴S values (+2.62‰ to +4.57‰), and exhibits anomalously high Co/Ni ratios (17.56–165.04) together with very low As contents. These features indicate precipitation from cooler, seawater-dominated and more oxidizing fluids, in which oxygen fugacity exerted a stronger control than temperature on trace-element partitioning, marking a waning and noneconomic stage of the hydrothermal system.</div><div>Overall, pyrite trace-element and sulfur isotope systematics document a progressive evolution from early seawater-dominated mineralization, through a magmatic volatile–driven main ore stage, to late oxidizing seawater overprinting, highlighting the critical role of magmatic degassing and seawater mixing in the formation of arc-related VMS systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107155"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of six ore types of Main and Eastern orebodies in the Bayan Obo deposit: A combined PMF and SEM-EDS analysis","authors":"Yanling Sun ,&nbsp;Xueqiu Wang ,&nbsp;Qinghai Hu ,&nbsp;Jian Zhou ,&nbsp;Mingjun Xie ,&nbsp;Xiuming Jing","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Bayan Obo deposit in northern China is the world’s largest source of REE, with substantial Fe and Nb resources. Although different ore types in the deposit have long been recognized, their high mineralogical diversity has hindered systematic evaluation of elemental associations and quantitative characterization of REE geochemistry. In this study, we integrate Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) of multi-element geochemical datasets with Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) mineral identification to quantify elemental assemblages and mineralogical characteristics, and further analyze the REE patterns across ores representing these known types. Six distinct elemental association groups are identified, dominated respectively by: dolomite-type (MgO-CaO-Mn-Co-Sr-Zn), amphibole-type (SiO₂-MgO-K₂O-Na₂O-Th-Zn-Co-V), aegirine-REE type (Na₂O-SiO₂-TFe₂O₃-FeO-REE-Pb-Ti), iron oxide-type (TFe₂O₃-FeO-Co-Mn-Th), fluorite-REE type (CaO-F-Nb-P-REE), and barite-REE type ores (Ba-S-Ti-Sr-Pb-REE-Nb-Th-U). Significant variability in REE contents and fractionation patterns was observed across ore types. Barite-REE, fluorite-REE, and aegirine-REE type ores exhibit the highest total REE concentrations (9.54 wt%, 7.74 wt%, and 5.94 wt%, respectively), coupled with pronounced LREE enrichment, as indicated by elevated (La/Yb) _CN ratios of 4964, 1598, and 1572. In contrast, dolomite-type and iron oxide-type ores exhibit moderate REE enrichment (2.45 wt% and 2.34 wt%, respectively), while amphibole-type ores contain the lowest REE contents (0.663 wt%), but display significantly higher proportions of Nd and MREE. Negative Eu anomalies (average δEu = 0.621–0.798) observed in nearly all ore types suggest that extensive hydrothermal alteration has significantly influenced REE distribution. These results establish a geochemical framework for identifying elemental association patterns and refining the understanding of REE distribution in the Bayan Obo deposit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107150"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochronology constrains Early Cretaceous gold mineralization in the Baiyun gold deposit, Liaodong Peninsula","authors":"Zhe-Xin Cai ,&nbsp;Hao-Cheng Yu ,&nbsp;Hai-Zhong Bao ,&nbsp;Thomas Bader ,&nbsp;Tao Cui ,&nbsp;Ya-Peng Li ,&nbsp;Zong-Yi Feng ,&nbsp;Shan-Shan Li ,&nbsp;Nan Ju ,&nbsp;Nikolai A. Goryachev ,&nbsp;Kun-Feng Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Baiyun gold deposit in the Liaodong Peninsula, North China Craton, contains &gt; 120 t of gold, but its mineralization age and genesis remain contentious. To constrain the timing of gold mineralization, we conducted in-situ LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of monazite and rutile from gold ores, together with zircon from mineralized dikes. U-Pb dating of monazite yielded a concordia age of 1806.0 ± 38 Ma, which we interpret as Paleoproterozoic regional metamorphism instead of hydrothermal mineralization. Rutile yielded two age populations at 1083.0 ± 37 Ma and 389.0 ± 30 Ma, attributed to Mesoproterozoic and Paleozoic tectono-thermal events, respectively. Zircon yielded crystallization ages of 232.0 ± 2.0 Ma for diorite porphyrite dike, 225.9 ± 1.2 Ma for granodiorite dike, and 121.68 ± 0.48 Ma for granite dike. Field and petrographic evidence indicate that all dated dikes predate gold mineralization. Therefore, the youngest magmatic zircon provides a maximum constraint on the timing of mineralization. Within the established regional geochronological framework, the data suggest that gold mineralization at Baiyun most plausibly occurred during the Early Cretaceous (ca. 120 Ma). To further elucidate its origin, we compare mineralization age, geodynamics, ore-forming fluid characteristics, and sources of gold-related metals and sulfur with those of well-characterized Jiaodong-type gold deposits. This comparison supports that Baiyun represents an Early Cretaceous Jiaodong-type mineral system, formed during lithospheric thinning driven by rollback of the Paleo-Pacific plate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107172"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147423291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochronology and genesis of the sedimentary rock-hosted Lunshan gold deposit in the Ningzhen district, Jiangsu Province: evidence from zircon and fluid inclusion microanalysis","authors":"Chen Zhang ,&nbsp;Jun-Yi Pan ,&nbsp;Ling-Qiang Yin ,&nbsp;Ming-Sen Fan ,&nbsp;Jun-Ying Ding ,&nbsp;Wen-Chao Su ,&nbsp;Pei Ni","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Lunshan gold deposit, located in the Ningzhen district of the Middle-Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt, represents the largest gold deposit in Jiangsu Province. It exhibits distinctive sedimentary rock-hosted mineralization within siltstone-shale sequences and shows transition from early Au to late Pb-Zn ore stages which are intimately linked to silicification and sericitization alteration, and are spatially associated with cryptobreccias. Despite its economic significance, the lack of robust constraints on its mineralization age, ore-forming fluid characteristics, and genetic type severely restrict the exploration and prospecting in deep and peripheral area. This study presents the first LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age of pre- and post-ore igneous rocks, and precisely brackets the Lunshan gold mineralization within 105–103 Ma. This age correlates with exposed porphyry-skarn Cu-Mo-Fe deposits within the Ningzhen district. Zircon from the gold-associated dioritic dykes shows elevated Ce/<span><math><msqrt><mrow><mi>U</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>×</mo><mspace></mspace><mi>T</mi><mi>i</mi></mrow></msqrt></math></span> and 10⁴ <span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span> (Eu_N/Eu*)Yb_N ratios. These trace element signatures indicate a deep, oxidized, hydrous, and fertile magma source with potential to form porphyry deposits. Integrated fluid inclusion microthermometry and LA-ICP-MS analysis reveal that the ore-forming fluid originated from deep, single-sourced magmatic fluid. Reconstruction of the complete hydrothermal ore process reveals that gold and base metal mineralization are controlled by divergent fluid evolution pathways. Gold mineralization is primarily driven by fluid boiling linked to cryptobreccias and local carbonaceous reduction within the host strata. These processes efficiently remove H₂S from fluids, destabilizing Au-HS complexes and eventually triggering gold precipitation. In contrast, Pb-Zn mineralization is formed mainly via fluid mixing between magmatic fluid and meteoric water, which decreases the salinity and temperature of fluids, destabilizing Pb/Zn-Cl complexes, and leads to Pb-Zn deposition. The integrated evidences suggest the Lunshan gold deposit being a distal sedimentary rock-hosted epithermal endmember of a deep-seated porphyry system. This genetic model may shed light on further gold-polymetallic mineral exploration in the Ningzhen district.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107184"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147422362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scheelite geochemistry constrains the origin of W mineralization in the Laojunshan district, Southeast Yunnnan, China: Comparative studies from the Nanyangtian, Changtian and Saxi deposits","authors":"Zi-Chao Tang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Yu Zhao ,&nbsp;Ming-Guo Deng ,&nbsp;Wen-Chang Li ,&nbsp;Ying-Hua Chen ,&nbsp;Qing-Ge Zhang ,&nbsp;Ding-Cai Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Laojunshan district in southeastern Yunnan is a critical Sn-W metallogenic district in China, with multi-episode and multi-type W mineralization. However, the comparative studies were lacking to reveal the genetic relationship among these W deposits. In this study, scheelites from three representative W deposits (Nanyangtian, Saxi and Changtian) in this district were collected for in situ trace element and Sr Nd isotopic analyses, with the aim of constraining differences in material sources and ore forming physicochemical conditions.</div><div>In the Nanyangtian deposit, six scheelite types (Sch A-1, Sch A-2, Sch B, Sch C, Sch D-1 and Sch D-2) were identified, corresponding to distinct mineralization stages including prograde skarn stage, retrograde skarn stage, quartz-sulfide stage and quartz-scheelite vein stage. Cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging shows two substages within the Sch A (Sch A-1 and Sch A-2) and rim overgrowths of Sch D-1 on Sch C. The diverse REE patterns and Eu anomalies imply that the oxygen fugacity evolution of the ore-forming fluids at Nanyangtian followed a decrease–increase–decrease trend, with a predominantly reducing fluid environment. This result is further confirmed by the low Mo contents and the lack of positive δCe–δEu correlations. Similarly, scheelite from Saxi (Sch SX) and Changtian (Sch CT) display positive Eu anomalies and low Mo concentrations, indicating a generally low oxygen fugacity condition of W mineralization across the Laojunshan district. The variations in initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios among different scheelite types at Nanyangtian likely resulted from different levels of wall rock contamination, and the linear isotopic trend excluded the superimposition of multi-episode mineralization events. All (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i values of scheelite (0.71465–0.72956 at Nanyangtian, 0.71261–0.72227 at Saxi and 0.72505–0.72710 at Changtian) overlap with the field of the Early Cretaceous Laojunshan granite (0.71301–0.74172). Integrating Y/Ho ratios, ε_Nd(t) values of scheelite, and recent geochronological data, we infer that although formed at different ages, the Nanyangtian and Saxi deposits share a common deep seated source with the Laojunshan granite, whereas the Changtian deposit was derived directly from the granite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107179"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147422364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}