Ore Geology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"A crucial mineralization process and gold source in the Zhaoxian gold deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, China: Evidence from pyrite and sphalerite trace element and sulfur isotopic compositions","authors":"Wen-xin Fan ,&nbsp;Zhi-cheng Lü ,&nbsp;Yong-qiang Liu ,&nbsp;Lei Chen ,&nbsp;Ze-zhong Du ,&nbsp;Ling-li Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Zhaoxian gold deposit, located in the world’s third largest gold area and the largest in China, with a mineralization depth of 1500–2200 m, was the subject of ideal research to unravel gold source and mineralization process. Through comprehensive analyses incorporating petrology, petrography, and in-situ trace element and sulfur isotopic compositions, the study provides a numerical understanding from different microscales. The deposit exhibits distinct mineral precipitation sequences including pyrite (Py1, Py2-a, Py2-b, Py3) and sphalerite (Sp-a, Sp-b), detailed as follows: Py1 is euhedral to subhedral, brittle fracture structure. Py2-a is mostly euhedral and develop porous textures, filled by chalcopyrite, galena and free gold. The homogeneous Py2-b overgrows on the rims of Py2-a. Sp-a exhibits porous textures, filled with mainly chalcopyrite, Py3, galena, free gold and silver, and minor pyrrhotite. The homogeneous Sp-b overgrows on rims of Sp-a, coexisting with magnetite.</div><div>Sulfur isotope of Py1 (0.1–11.1 ‰), Py2-a (8.3–8.7 ‰), Py2-b (9.1–10.1 ‰), Py3(7.7–10.7 ‰), Sp-a (9.5–11.4 ‰) and Sp-b (8.4–9.3 ‰) and trace element ratios reveal consistency source of ore-forming fluids, closely associated with subducted paleo-Pacific slab and overlying sediments, as well as the lithospheric mantle, although contributions are also observed from the minor lithophoric mantle, Precambrian rocks, and Mesozoic granite during the early stage of mineralization. However, the contents of ore-forming fluids clear vary across different mineralization stages. Notably, Py1 has poor As (0.22–629.17 ppm) and Au (0.01–0.20), whereas Py2-b has the highest As (up to 12028.83 ppm) and Au (0.59–4.61 ppm). Gold contents in these pyrite generations correlates positively with the As and low-melting-point chalcophile-elements (LMCEs) contents, implying high contents of As play a critical role in Au migration and precipitation, and low contents of LMCEs are also an indispensable factor. Typical porous textures and elemental zoning indicate fluid boiling and accompanied by Au remobilization, resulting in the formation of the high contents of gold or visible gold in pyrite. Based on these information, a mineralization process model of the Zhaoxian gold deposit has been established. We figured that efficient migration and precipitation mechanisms are more crucial than the initial enrichment of source areas for the high contents of gold in Jiaodong.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 106335"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Separation of iron and copper in skarn deposits from the Yueshan ore field, eastern China: The control of magma physicochemical conditions","authors":"Xian Liang ,&nbsp;Fang-Yue Wang ,&nbsp;Long Zhang ,&nbsp;Tao-Fa Zhou ,&nbsp;Yu Fan ,&nbsp;Xian-Zheng Guo ,&nbsp;Jun-Wu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iron and copper mineralization in the Yueshan ore field is intricately linked to the Cretaceous Yueshan diorite intrusions, yet they frequently materialize as distinct deposits. Despite this, the key factors dictating the segregation of these metals remain poorly understood. To gain insights into the role of magma physicochemical conditions in this segregation, we conduct a comparative analysis of the U-Pb dating, whole-rock geochemistry, and mineral chemistry of the newly uncovered Zhuchong skarn iron deposit (Fe:Cu ratio = 197) and the Anqing skarn copper deposit (Fe:Cu ratio = 35), both situated within the Yueshan ore field of the Middle Lower Yangtze River Valley Metallogenic Belt (MLYB) in eastern China. The garnet U-Pb dating of the Zhuchong and Anqing deposits are 138.3 Ma and 137.2 Ma, respectively, which are consistent with the zircon U-Pb dating (138.3 Ma) of diorites from the Zhuchong and Anqing deposit. The emplacement of diorite intrusions and Fe-Cu mineralization occurred at 137 – 139 Ma, consistent with the Cu-polymetallic mineralization epoch (145 – 137 Ma) in the MLYB. The diorite samples from the Yueshan intrusion and the Zhuchong and the Anqing deposits exhibit typical characteristics of adakites, such as high Sr/Y (28 – 174) and (La/Yb)_N (26 – 40), along with similar and enriched Sr-Nd (ε_Nd(t) =  − 7.95 ∼  − 7.33) and zircon Hf isotope (−14.9 ∼  − 6.4) compositions. This suggests that the magma source regions for the diorites from the three locations were all likely derived from the melting of sediment-rich subducted oceanic crust with the potential of copper mineralization. However, chemical compositions of zircon, apatite, and amphibole from diorites reveal that diorites in the Zhuchong and Anqing deposits were emplaced at different depth levels and physicochemical conditions. Specially, the diorite in the Zhuchong Fe deposit was emplaced at shallower levels (1.9 km), with higher oxygen fugacity (mean = ΔNNO + 1.9) and fluorine concentration (2096 ppm), water deficiency (3.3 ± 0.4 wt%), sulfur-poor conditions (avg = 494 ppm), lower pressure (49.2 MPa), temperature (746 ℃), and chlorine (945 ppm) concentration relative to the Anqing Cu deposit (Emplacement depth: 2.53 km; oxygen fugacity: ΔNNO + 1.5; F: 1720 ppm; H₂O_melt: 3.9 ± 0.4 wt%; S: 816 ppm; P: 66.9 MPa; T: 778 ℃; Cl: 945 ppm).</div><div>It is proposed that a shallower emplacement depth may have promoted extensive exsolution of magmatic fluids, leading to the outward migration of water, S, Cl, and Cu elements, which resulted in the high iron-copper ratio observed at the Zhuchong Fe deposit. This process could have led to the relative Cl-poor nature and smaller Cu size at the Zhuchong Fe deposit, as well as the widespread development of vein-type copper ore bodies in the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 106316"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multistage fluid mixing events induced Sn polymetallic super-enrichment at Dulong in Yunnan Province, South China","authors":"Zhao-Hui Li,&nbsp;Pei Ni,&nbsp;Ming-Sen Fan,&nbsp;Jun-Yi Pan,&nbsp;Jun-Ying Ding,&nbsp;Jian-Ming Cui,&nbsp;Zhi-Lin Cheng,&nbsp;Yong-Kang Chen,&nbsp;Ying-Xing Zhu,&nbsp;Yi-Han Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dulong Sn polymetallic deposit is a world-class skarn tin deposit situated at the Youjiang basin with a reserve of 0.4 Mt Sn at 0.56 %, 5.0 Mt Zn at 5.12 %, together with 7 kt In. The deposit predominantly occurs within the Neoproterozoic Xinzhaiyan Formation and is controlled by NS-trending faults. Based on elaborate field and petrographic observations, the Dulong Sn polymetallic deposit was divided into four mineralization stages: stage 1 (prograde stage), stage 2 (retrograde stage), stage 3 (quartz-sulfide stage) and stage 4 (carbonate stage). Tin mineralization primarily occurs as cassiterite during stage 2, with additional cassiterite-stannite formation noted in stage 3. Analysis of fluid inclusions across these stages reveals the evolutionary history of the mineralizing fluids and the precipitation mechanisms at Dulong. During stage 1, diopside hosts both daughter-bearing multiphase inclusions and vapor-rich inclusions. The daughter-bearing multiphase inclusions exhibit homogenization temperatures ranging from 510 to 574 °C and salinities between 44.7 and 49.6 wt% NaCl equiv., whereas the vapor-rich inclusions display homogenization temperatures of 573–586 °C and salinities from 2.9 to 4.0 wt% NaCl equiv., indicating a boiling fluid process. Cassiterite (stage 2) features primarily liquid-rich two-phase inclusions, with homogenization temperatures of 351–410 °C and salinities of 6.3–9.6 wt% NaCl equiv. These inclusions document the mixing of magmatic fluid with meteoric water, which is likely the principal mechanism driving initial tin mineralization. Similarly, the same type of inclusions is also recorded in cassiterite of stage 3. The homogenization temperature of the inclusions in cassiterite is 290–334 °C and the salinities of the inclusions is 3.4–8.4 wt% NaCl equiv. Comparatively, the temperature continued to decrease in stage 3, indicating that fluid mixing may have persisted during this stage which could also explain the occurrence of cassiterite and stannite in this stage. In addition, redox reaction where CO₂ and/or As (III) serve as oxidants may also be another mechanism to exact cassiterite from ore-forming fluid. Our Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) data suggests that cassiterite of the Dulong deposit involves a variety of complex substitutional mechanism. Due to the differing geochemical properties of the elements and variations in their concentrations, there is an indication that two phases distinct mineralizing fluids may have been present. The varying geochemical properties and concentrations of elements such as Nb, Ta, Zr, Fe, In, and Ga align with microthermometric results, indicating a reduction in magmatic hydrothermal fluid contribution and/or a transition from high to low temperatures in the hydrothermal system. This variation is also likely attributable to fluid mixing processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 106306"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the W-Sn ore formation potential of large granite batholiths: Insights from zircon U-Pb and muscovite Ar-Ar geochronology of the Tianmuchong W-Sn deposit in the Nanling region, South China","authors":"Min Liu ,&nbsp;Panlao Zhao ,&nbsp;Wei Hong ,&nbsp;Shunda Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Nanling region in South China represents one of the giant tungsten-tin (W-Sn) metallogenic belts on Earth, reserving a variety of W-Sn deposits associated with highly differentiated small granitic stocks. In contrast, large granite batholiths, characterized by a low degree of fractionation and a high degree of erosion/exhumation, are considered less favorable for forming W-Sn deposits. However, some W-Sn deposits are found to be related to large granite batholiths spatially and genetically, and the reasons remain a mystery. In this research, we take the Tianmuchong polymetallic W-Sn deposit as an example to assess the W-Sn ore formation potential of a large granite batholith. This deposit forms at the contact boundary between the Tashan granite batholith and wall rock. It is spatially related to the fourth intrusive unit (tourmaline granite) of the Tashan batholith, which contains abundant tourmaline and muscovite. Zircon U-Pb analysis on the tourmaline granite shows an age of 209.9 ± 2.2 Ma, in agreement with muscovite Ar-Ar age of 208.5 ± 2.07 Ma associated with W-Sn ores. The similar ages indicate that the emplacement of tourmaline granite and the W-Sn mineralization are coeval. The dated zircons display elevated U, Th, and Hf contents and negative Eu anomalies, implying an origin of highly differentiated magma. The occurrence of tourmaline and muscovite indicates that the Tashan tourmaline granite is volatile-rich (e.g., B and F), which facilitates the W-Sn enrichment under prolonged differentiation of the granitic magma. Additionally, the W-Sn ore mineralizations occur along the contact zones controlled by fault structures, which provide a favorable pathway for the upward intrusion of highly differentiated melt and the migration of W-Sn-bearing hydrothermal fluids. Therefore, the late phase of the large granite batholith that exhibits highly evolved characteristics also demonstrates a considerable potential to form W-Sn deposits, especially along the margins of the batholith with country rocks where faults are extensively developed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 106311"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation mechanism of Fe oxyhydroxides and behavior of metals during the oxidation of submarine sulfides at the Wocan-1 hydrothermal field, Carlsberg Ridge","authors":"Xiaofan Hou ,&nbsp;Xiqiu Han ,&nbsp;Xinkai Hu ,&nbsp;Jiqiang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrothermal sulfides undergo complex oxidation process under seawater conditions, which has the potential to impact resource values and marine environments. However, the oxidation process is not fully explored, particularly regarding the transformation of minerals and the behavior of metals. In this paper, we conducted detailed mineralogical and geochemical analyses on a series of samples with varying degrees of oxidation, collected from the Wocan-1 hydrothermal field, Carlsberg Ridge, Northwest Indian Ocean. The principal purpose is to illuminate the formation and transformation of Fe (oxyhydr)oxides, and further to reveal the migration and redistribution of key metals throughout the oxidation process. We identified four types of Fe(−Si) (oxyhydr)oxides with two distinct formation mechanisms. Three Fe (oxyhydr)oxides are the direct oxidation products of pyrite and marcasite, while Fe-Si (oxyhydr)oxide precipitates from low-temperature hydrothermal fluids. Thin Fe (oxyhydr)oxide forms as the secondary product of euhedral pyrite at the early stage of oxidation. Pseudomorphic Fe (oxyhydr)oxide with low Fe contents, occurs as the replacement of euhedral marcasite. Filamentous Fe (oxyhydr)oxide, enriched in trace metals, is attributed to the uniform oxidation of subhedral pyrite-marcasite intergrowth. Moreover, major and trace elements occur multiple migrations and redistributions among primary sulfides, secondary products, and seawater. Notably, Fe (oxyhydr)oxides, through the sequestration mechanism, not only retain Cu and Zn released by the oxidation of primary sulfide minerals, but also scavenge Cu from seawater. However, the dissolution of Pb, As, Mo, and Co exceeds the amount retained during the oxidation, indicating that the potential release of toxic metals into the environment could pose a threat to the local ecosystem. These new insights can provide an initial foundation for the effect of submarine oxidation on economic values of sulfides and ecological environments of deep sea.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 106307"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Framboidal pyrite in Dongsheng sandstone-hosted uranium deposit, northern Ordos Basin: Implications for fluid evolution and uranium mineralization","authors":"Liang Yue ,&nbsp;Yangquan Jiao ,&nbsp;Liqun Wu ,&nbsp;Hui Rong","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Occurrence characteristics, internal morphology patterns, size variations and trace elements contents for framboidal pyrite in the sandstone of middle Jurassic Zhiluo Formation hosting U deposit in the northern Ordos Basin collectively demonstrate three types of framboids: (i) Py1 is the synsedimentary origin, characterized by the close association with clay minerals, equal-sized microcrystals with globular or octahedral shape, the diameter of framboids and microcrystals ranging from 2.1 to 9.3 µm (mean = 5.9 µm) and from 0.1 to 1.4 µm (mean = 0.5 µm), respectively, and relatively low trace element contents (mean = 0.83 wt% of Co, Ni, As, Mo in total); (ii) Py2 is the early diagenetic origin, characterized by equal-sized pyritohedral microcrystals while other substance also occurs within the framboid, or non-uniform size and morphology of microcrystals with the diameter of framboids and microcrystals ranging from 7.3 to 26.3 µm (mean = 11.8 µm) and from 0.3 to 1.9 µm (mean = 0.8 µm), respectively, and similar trace element compositions with Py1; and (iii) Py3 is the U ore-stage origin, characterized by equal-sized cubic microcrystals in the loosely packed pattern with U-bearing minerals filling between microcrystals, the diameter of framboids and microcrystals ranging from 7.6 to 27.4 µm (mean = 15.9 µm) and from 0.7 to 3.2 µm (mean = 1.5 µm), respectively, and the highest trace element contents (mean = 1.07 wt% of Co, Ni, As, Mo and Se in total). During mineralization, Py1 and Py2 are dissolved by the interlayer oxidation fluid, providing S source and trace elements for the precipitation of Py3 with larger diameter. Its strong reducing ability, large specific surface area and abundant internal porosity facilitate the fixation of U in the interstices of Py3 through reduction or adsorption. Negative sulfur isotope compositions suggest biogenic redox processes for U mineralization. The formation and transformation relationship of different stages of framboidal pyrite indicates the complex evolution process of synsedimentary, early diagenetic and U ore-forming fluids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 106303"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rb enrichment processes in highly evolved granites: Insights from mica and K-feldspar from the Baishitouquan pluton, Eastern Tianshan","authors":"Xu-Wen Jin ,&nbsp;Ru-Xiong Lei ,&nbsp;Hong-Dian Yuan ,&nbsp;Matthew J. Brzozowski ,&nbsp;Chang-Zhi Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106301","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Highly evolved granites are closely related to rare metal mineralization. The mechanisms controlling rare metal enrichment, however, remain poorly constrained. The highly evolved Baishitouquan (BST) pluton in the Eastern Tianshan, which hosts the Zhangbaoshan Rb deposit, has been well characterized and provides an excellent opportunity to study Rb enrichment processes in granitic systems. The BST pluton has five lithological zones, which, from bottom to top, are leucogranite (Zone-a), amazonite-bearing granite (Zone-b), amazonite granite (Zone-c), topaz-bearing amazonite granite (Zone-d), and topaz albite granite (Zone-e). To investigate Rb enrichment processes in the BST pluton, compositional variations in K(–Rb)-rich minerals from the different lithological zones are characterized and interpreted in the context of textural variations. The main K- and Rb-bearing minerals in the pluton are mica and K-feldspar, which are mainly represented by phengite and microcline, respectively. Phengite in Zone-e occurs as euhedral grains with irregular boundaries, indicating that they crystalized from the Baishitouquan magma and were overprinted by hydrothermal fluids. Phengite is generally enriched in F (1.05–9.94 wt%), Li (780–10171 ppm), and Rb (3133–6657 ppm), and is characterized by low K/Rb and Nb/Ta ratios. Most microcline grains occur as elongate, euhedral–subhedral laths, with tartan and Carlsbad twinning. These microcline grains are enriched in Rb (1547–2927 ppm), Pb (15–120 ppm), and Cs (14–100 ppm), and have low K/Rb and Al/Ga ratios. In the BST pluton, the concentrations of Li, F, and Rb in phengite increase from Zone-a to Zone-c, then decrease in Zone-d and Zone-e. Conversely, the K/Rb and Nb/Ta ratios decrease from Zone-a to Zone-c, then increase in Zone-d and Zone-e. The Rb concentration and K/Rb ratio of microcline exhibit a similar trend. Considering the gradual changes in lithology among the zones, the variations of mineral chemical from Zone-a to Zone-c implies continuous evolution of the magma dominated by crystal fractionation. The occurrence of secondary mica, and the abrupt geochemical changes in phengite and microcline in Zone-d and Zone-e are indicative of hydrothermal activity. The gradual decrease in Al/Ga ratio of microcline from Zone-d to Zone-e and the presence of secondary mica that is compositionally similar to primary mica suggests that the fluids were magmatic in origin. During magmatic evolution, volatile-rich (e.g., F) melts have lower viscosities and solidus temperatures than volatile-poor melts, allowing them to undergo extreme degrees of fractional crystallization. This significantly enhances the solubility of Rb, leading to continuous enrichment of Rb in the residual melt. As the BST system evolved from one dominated by magmatic processes to one dominated by hydrothermal activity, the crystallization of topaz consumed F, reducing the solubility of Rb in the melt, and leading to a decrease in the concentration ","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 106301"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic relationship between W mineralization and granitic intrusion in Nanling Region, South China: Constraints from zircon and cassiterite u-pb age from new drill holes in Shangping deposit","authors":"Gen-Wen He ,&nbsp;Pei Ni ,&nbsp;Wen-Sheng Li ,&nbsp;Lin-Lin Peng ,&nbsp;Kai-Han Zhang ,&nbsp;Jun-Yi Pan ,&nbsp;Jian-Ming Cui ,&nbsp;Zi-Hao Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhao-Hui Li ,&nbsp;Hong-Hui Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Nanling metallogenic belt is known for the widely development of typical quartz vein type W deposit. These quartz veins that contain wolframite are frequently located in close proximity to granitic intrusions. The genetic relationship between tungsten mineralization and the associated granitic rocks is still a subject of controversy. The Shangping deposit stands out as a historically significant W deposit with a quartz vein type in the region of Nanling. However, the specific time that W mineralization occurred remains enigmatic. Granitic intrusions are absent from the mine and only granite porphyry dike is exposed, so the link between tungsten mineralization and magmatic activity remains unclear. Fortunately, in recent years, a concealed granite intrusive has been exposed in drill holes in the southeastern of the Shangping W deposit. To comprehensively address the connection between granitic magma activity and W mineralization, it is vital to make up a relative deficiency of geochronological information on granite and ore mineral. Here, in order to get the first direct age constraints on the origin of the Shangping W deposit, we use a combination of different techniques, incorporating the Hf isotope geochemistry of zirconium and cassiterite U-Pb assessment using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Based on these robust data, we tentatively evaluated the connection between W mineralization and granitic intrusion.For the granite porphyry, the majority of representative U-Pb zircon assays establish a<!--> ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 150.2 ± 0.5 Ma. An inferred emplacement age of ca. 151 Ma for the concealed granite in Kengweiwo is supported by a U-Pb isochron age from zircon. Combined with Hf isotopic characterization, it illuminates the mineralization potential of the Kengweiwo concealed granite. Cassiterite grains from hydrothermal quartz vein are subhedral to anhedral and have a lower intercept ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 153.9 ± 1.0 Ma. For the Shangping W deposit, all of these new geochronological dates provide well-constrained mineralization ages of 150–154 Ma. The dates of the concealed granite in the Kengweiwo area and the tungsten mineralization in the Shangping area are extremely concordant, indicating that they occurred roughly concurrently. The vein type tungsten mineralization in Shangping deposit may has a genetic link with crystallization of uncovered granite present at depth, which requires further investigation. These results emphasize the significance and potential of concealed granitic intrusion to host disseminated W mineralization in the deep part of Shangping deposit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 106295"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genesis of the Kateba’asu gold deposit, Western Tianshan, China: Constraints from pyrite trace element, sulfur isotope, and quartz H-O isotopes","authors":"Yongwei Gao ,&nbsp;Bo Zu ,&nbsp;Xinfu Zhao ,&nbsp;Qinglin Sui ,&nbsp;Lejun Zhang ,&nbsp;Reimar Seltmann ,&nbsp;Kai Weng ,&nbsp;Bo Chen ,&nbsp;Wenlei Song ,&nbsp;Xie Xie ,&nbsp;Tao Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Kateba’asu gold deposit, situated in the Western Tianshan of China, is one of the most significant discoveries in the world-class Tianshan gold belt. The deposit features two distinct mineralization styles. The early, subordinate skarn-type copper–gold mineralization occurs in the contact zone between monzogranite, diorite, and Silurian limestone, composed of garnet, diopside, epidote, chalcopyrite, pyrite, and gold. The later, primary lode-gold mineralization is hosted in the altered monzogranite characterized by pervasive quartz-pyrite-sericite-chlorite-K-feldspar alteration and a well-develped veining systems.</div><div>Pyrite is the dominant sulfide mineral related to gold mineralization in the Kateba’asu gold deposit, with four types identified: Py0 from the early skarn copper–gold mineralization, and Py1 to Py3 from the later lode-gold mineralization. All types of pyrite are homogeneous and contain very low levels of lattice-bound gold. Py0 is euhedral and fine-grained, with relatively high Cu, Au, Co, and Ni contents, and displays a magmatic sulfur isotopic signature with δ³⁴S ranging from 0.8 to 4.3 ‰. Py1 occurs as euhedral to subhedral, coarse-grained crystals within pyrite-quartz veins with higher concentrations of Co and Ni. Py2, which develops in the quartz-pyrite veins, is medium to coarse-grained and contains elevated levels of As, Cu, Zn, and Bi relative to Py1. Py3, found in polymetallic sulfide veins of the main lode-gold stage, is anhedral and medium to fine-grained with higher contents of As, Ag, Cu, Zn, Se, Te and lowest Co and Ni concentrations compared to Py1 and Py2. The positive correlations between Au-Te, Au-Bi, Au-Cu, and Pb-Bi across all pyrite types, along with the presence of visible gold in Py3, indicate that most gold occurs as micro-/nano-sized inclusions and as fissure gold. The δ³⁴S values of Py1, Py2, and Py3 (7.6 to 11.8 ‰, 10.1 to 12.6 ‰, and 9.8 to 12.4 ‰, respectively) were attributed to an initial magmatic source and mixed with external sulfur subsequently from the wall rocks. The H and O isotopic compositions (δD_H2O = −84.1 to −93.5 ‰; δ¹⁸O_H2O = 1.8 to 6.6 ‰) of quartz from the lode-gold mineralization imply that ore-forming fluids were predominantly of magmatic origin, with a additional contribution from meteoric water. Taken together, a two-episode mineralization model was proposed for the formation of the Kateba’asu gold deposit. The early skarn mineralization stage is associated with the emplacement of diorite during the Early Carboniferous. In contrast, the subsequent lode-gold mineralization, occurring between the Late Carboniferous and Permian periods, represents a overprinted magmatic-hydrothermal gold system potentially linked to a deep-seated magmatic intrusion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 106299"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transfer of rare earth elements from clay-sized fraction to phosphate in East South Pacific Ocean: Implication for REY-rich sediment related to hydrothermal influence","authors":"Qiannan Hu ,&nbsp;Xuefa Shi ,&nbsp;Dongjie Bi ,&nbsp;Miao Yu ,&nbsp;Mu Huang ,&nbsp;Jia Li ,&nbsp;Jihua Liu ,&nbsp;Tiancheng Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhaojun Song ,&nbsp;Chuanshun Li ,&nbsp;Aimei Zhu ,&nbsp;Hui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pelagic sediment enriched in critical metals (e.g. rare earth elements and yttrium, REY) has attracted much attention in recent years. Extensive research has focused on identifying the specific host mineral of REY in bulk pelagic sediment, however, research on clay-sized fraction of REY-rich sediment has not been fully understood yet. In this study, we aimed to investigate the host phase and migration mechanism of REY in clay-sized fractions from two cores, GC23 and GC17, located on the western and eastern sides of the East Pacific Rise (EPR), respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive investigation of the clay-sized fraction of REY-rich sediment associated with hydrothermal activity. Results show that GC23 contains negligible clay minerals but well-crystallized Fe oxyhydroxides, while GC17 is rich in smectite and poor-crystallized Fe oxyhydroxides. REY are predominantly hosted in poorly crystallized Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides, with some phosphorus selectively scavenged by Fe oxyhydroxides from seawater. In addition, fluorapatite nanocrystals were first observed within the matrix of Fe oxyhydroxides using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), indicating the formation of fluorapatite. The post-Archean average shale (PAAS)-normalized REY patterns show similar seawater-like patterns in both the clay-sized and silt-sized fraction. The clay-sized fractions primarily derived from hydrothermal plumes plays an important role in scavenging REY from ambient seawater. This study represents a significant step towards understanding the formation of REY-rich sediment related to hydrothermal activity. A two-stage mineralization process is proposed for the formation of REY-rich sediment near the EPR fields. Firstly, REY are initially scavenged by hydrothermal Fe-Mn oxyhydroxide particles from seawater during their lateral dispersion with hydrothermal plumes under low sedimentation rate until they are buried by newly formed precipitates. With the process of early diagenesis, poor crystallized Fe oxyhydroxides will be experienced recrystallization. Subsequently, REY would be released into porewater with the process of recrystallization due to their tendency to remain in a poorly crystallized phase. Ultimately, they are captured by biogenic apatite and/or fluorapatite. The case study indicates that REY-rich sediments may primarily formed within the dispersion area of hydrothermal plumes. Simultaneously, the necessity of slow sedimentation rates, greater water depth, and deep currents all accountable for the formation of REY-rich layers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 106294"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}