Ore Geology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Apatite and scheelite geochemistry constraints on the properties and evolution of the Yechangping Mo-W Deposit, East Qinling, central China","authors":"Zhuang Zhao ,&nbsp;Mengqi Jin ,&nbsp;Xiaoyong Yang ,&nbsp;Lei Liu ,&nbsp;Zhikun Hu ,&nbsp;Xinyu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.107055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.107055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Yechangping deposit is a representative Mo-W deposit located in the East Qinling Orogen, China. This study presents an integrated geochemical investigation of apatite from the barren monzogranite porphyry (BMP) and ore-related granite porphyry (OGP), alongside scheelite from successive mineralization stages (prograde skarn, retrograde skarn, and quartz-sulfide), to decipher the petrogenetic and hydrothermal evolution. Apatite from the OGP exhibits distin ct geochemical signatures, including lower contents of FeO, MgO, and Sr, a stronger negative Eu anomaly, and higher HREE and Y contents, suggesting a higher degree of fractional crystallization compared to the BMP. Additionally, the lower SO₃ content, higher MnO content, and more pronounced negative Eu anomaly in OGP apatite indicate that the ore-forming magma evolved under reduced conditions. The extremely low Cl content and X_F/X_Cl ratios in OGP apatite provide definitive evidence for large-scale fluid saturation and exsolution from the magma. The geochemical signature of scheelite, characterized by its Y/Ho ratios, Sr and Mo contents, and LREE-enriched patterns, points to a predominant magmatic origin for the ore-forming fluids. Notably, variations in Mo content, Eu and Ce anomalies across different scheelite generations reflect significant fluctuations in fluid oxygen fugacity (ƒO₂) during mineralization. During the prograde skarn stage (Sch-I), which formed under relatively reduced conditions, Mo-poor scheelite was precipitated. In the retrograde skarn stage (Sch-II), a sharp increase in ƒO₂ led to the incorporation of Mo⁶⁺ into the scheelite lattice, forming Mo-rich scheelite. During the quartz-sulfide stage (Sch-III), ƒO₂ decreased back to relatively reduced conditions, triggering the reduction of Mo⁶⁺ to Mo⁴⁺, which subsequently precipitated as MoS₂, generating Mo-poor scheelite in late-stage. This study highlights that the interplay of intense magmatic differentiation, evolving redox conditions, and timely fluid release governs the formation of porphyry-skarn Mo-W systems in collisional orogens like the East Qinling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 107055"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetitites in the Upper Zone of the Bushveld Complex – continuous LIBS and µXRF data of magnetitite layer 17 with a focus on cryptic variation of mineral chemistry","authors":"Wilhelm Nikonow ,&nbsp;Malte Junge ,&nbsp;Dieter Rammlmair ,&nbsp;Jeannet Meima ,&nbsp;Simon Goldmann ,&nbsp;Frederick Roelofse ,&nbsp;François Holtz","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.107072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.107072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Bushveld Complex in South Africa holds the largest ultramafic–mafic intrusion on earth with world-class resources of chromium, vanadium and platinum-group elements. Vanadium mostly occurs in the magnetitite layers of the Upper Zone. Their formation is still under debate and several models have been published. Cryptic variation is characteristic for the magnetitites with a general trend of upward depletion of the Cr concentrations in magnetite, which is occasionally inverted. This work applies Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and micro-X-ray Fluorescence (µXRF) mapping to examine the element trends in magnetitites on a µm-scale along a drill core. These methods provide continuous 2D element and mineral distribution maps. The LIBS and µXRF data were validated using thin section microscopy and electron probe microanalysis. The Cr distribution confirms the general trend of upward depletion and shows repeated increases which mostly correlate with plagioclase or sulfide lenses. Vanadium shows an upward increase within the magnetitite layer which rules out simple fractional crystallization models for the magnetitite formation. Furthermore, the contact zones of magnetitite and anorthosite exhibit abundant symplectic intergrowth of olivine and plagioclase with significantly higher An# in the symplectic plagioclase and higher Mg# in olivine accompanied by amphibole and mica, suggesting a flow of a more mafic melt and the interaction with a hydrous melt. In general, the combination of the LIBS and µXRF presents enormous potential for applications where continuous data at both the micro- and the meso-scale are necessary to understand complex processes such as magnetitite layer formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 107072"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ore-forming process of the Zhengchong lithium deposit, Nanling Range: constraints from geochronology and mineral chemistry","authors":"Jianfeng Li ,&nbsp;Zunzun Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongyan Quan ,&nbsp;Youyue Lu ,&nbsp;Jianming Fu ,&nbsp;Wei Fang ,&nbsp;Yanfeng Su","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.107088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.107088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Zhongchong lithium deposit, located within the Jinjiling pluton, is a representative large greisen-type lithium deposit in the Nanling metallogenic belt. To constrain its metallogenic age, we obtained ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar plateau and isochron ages of zinnwaldite (Fe–Li mica) of 152.1 ± 1.4 Ma and 151.6 ± 1.8 Ma, respectively, and a concordant cassiterite U–Pb age of 151.3 ± 2.6 Ma. These results are consistent, within error, with the emplacement age of the fine-grained porphyritic monzogranite (154–150 Ma), indicating that Li–Sn polymetallic mineralization in the Jiuyishan area occurred during the Early Yanshanian period. Two main granite types are developed in the Zhongchong deposit: medium- to coarse-grained porphyritic-like syenogranite and fine-grained porphyritic monzogranite. Geochemical analyses show that both granites are silica- and alkali-rich but depleted in Ca and Mg, with peraluminous to weakly peraluminous compositions (A/CNK = 0.98–1.19). The syenogranite contains significantly higher total REE contents than the monzogranite, with LREE-enriched, right-inclined patterns, whereas the latter exhibits a pronounced tetrad effect. Both granite types are enriched in Rb, K, Th, U, Nd, and Hf but depleted in Ba, Sr, Nb, and Ti, with the fine-grained monzogranite showing stronger enrichment–depletion signatures. These characteristics suggest that the syenogranite and monzogranite represent cumulates and residual melts derived from a common parental magma, with the latter showing higher degrees of differentiation and stronger rare-metal enrichment, thereby possessing greater metallogenic potential. Electron microprobe analyses of zinnwaldite from greisen ores in the Zhongchong deposit are presented in this study. The results show that micas from the medium- to coarse-grained syenogranite, fine-grained monzogranite, greisen, and quartz veins display consistent geochemical trends: SiO₂ correlates positively with Al₂O₃, MnO, and K₂O, but negatively with TiO₂, FeO, MgO, and Na₂O, indicating progressively enhanced magmatic differentiation. Trioctahedral micas dominate the assemblage and define an evolutionary sequence from annite → ferroan biotite → siderophyllite → protolithionite → zinnwaldite → lepidolite, reflecting a clear trend toward lithium enrichment. In addition, mica compositions reveal that the magmatic–hydrothermal system evolved toward higher oxygen fugacity from early to late stages, which facilitated the migration and re-enrichment of multivalent elements. By integrating geological, geochronological, and geochemical evidence, we propose a genetic model for the Zhongchong lithium deposit, providing important guidance for rare-metal exploration in the Nanling region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 107088"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genesis of the giant Zhaoxian gold deposit in the Jiaodong Peninsula, China: Constraints from geochronology, fluid inclusion, and H-O-He-Ar isotope","authors":"Wen Zhang ,&nbsp;Zuo-Zhen Han ,&nbsp;Xue Dong ,&nbsp;Bin Sun ,&nbsp;Li-Gong Wang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Wei Yu ,&nbsp;Ying-Peng Wang ,&nbsp;Jin-Hui Wang ,&nbsp;Feng Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.107070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.107070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Zhaoxian gold deposit is an important deep-exploration discovery in the Jiaojia goldfield of the Jiaodong Peninsula, with orebodies extending to depths exceeding 2000 m. To assess whether its genesis differs from that of shallow gold deposits, this study conducted a systematic investigation involving petrography, fluid inclusions, geochronology, and isotope geochemistry. Four stages of hydrothermal veins were identified: pre-ore veins containing milky quartz and minor disseminated pyrite; main-ore veins consisting of gold-bearing pyrite, quartz, and minor muscovite; late-ore stage veins consisting of (gold-bearing) pyrite, galena, chalcopyrite, and quartz; and post-ore veins characterized by calcite, quartz, and minor pyrite. Gold mineralization primarily occurred during the main-ore stage, with minor mineralization in the last-ore stage. Hydrothermal monazite and apatite U-Pb dating constrain the timing of gold mineralization to approximately 120 Ma. The ore-forming fluid was a CO₂-H₂O-NaCl ± CH₄ system with salinity of 1.0–12.2 wt% NaCl equiv. and temperatures of 195 °C–372 °C. Fluid immiscibility during the main- and late-ore stages, coupled with water–rock interaction led to gold precipitation. The δ¹⁸O and δD values of fluids from the pre-ore, main-ore, and post-ore stages range from 2.7 to 6.3 ‰ and −83.3 to −78.1 ‰, respectively while pyrite from the main-ore stage exhibits ³He/⁴He values of 1.45–2.16 Ra. These isotopic characteristics indicate that the Zhaoxian deposit shares a common fluid source with other deposits in the Jiaojia goldfield and across the Jiaodong Peninsula, likely derived from devolatilization of the metasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle. Overall, these results suggest that the Zhaoxian deposit follows the same genetic model as shallow gold deposits in the Jiaojia goldfield, and formed in a transpressional setting driven by Paleo-Pacific plate rollback at approximately 120 Ma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 107070"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Fingerprinting hydrothermal alteration associated with pegmatite-type Li-(Be) mineralization using titanite” [Ore Geol. Rev. 187 (2025) 106993]","authors":"Ming-Jie Tuo ,&nbsp;Yong-Qi Xia ,&nbsp;Nuerkanati Madayipu ,&nbsp;Deng-feng Li ,&nbsp;Jie Yu ,&nbsp;Nuo Li","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.107036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.107036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 107036"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elemental mobility patterns and metallogenic implications of the Tongshan porphyry Cu-Mo-Au deposit, Heilongjiang Province, NE China","authors":"Jie Chen ,&nbsp;Guiqing Xie ,&nbsp;Qiaoqiao Zhu ,&nbsp;Chenglin Bai ,&nbsp;Hui Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.107076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.107076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantifying element mobility within the well-defined alteration zones of porphyry Cu systems is critical for reconstructing metallogenesis and defining exploration vectors. This study integrates whole-rock geochemistry and chlorite mineral chemistry to constrain fluid-rock interaction processes in the Tongshan porphyry Cu deposit. Chlorite geothermometry indicates that the Chlorite-Epidote ± Muscovite mineral assemblages occurred at 280–320 °C, with compositional variations (e.g., SiO₂, Al₂O₃, FeO and MgO) tracking the physicochemical evolution of ore-forming fluids. Chlorite crystallization might be elevated fluid pH, thereby exerting a primary control on the mobility of trace elements such as Fe, Mg, Cr, As, and Sr. Mass-balance calculations reveal that intense hydration (LOI gains up to + 56 %) induced rock volume expansion and pressure reduction, likely triggering fluid boiling and subsequent metal precipitation. The propylitic zone is identified as the primary host for ore deposition in the deposit, exhibiting extreme Cu enrichment (up to + 5423 %) that contrasts with widespread REE depletion (−27.4 % to −77.3 %). This geochemical decoupling reflects the differential stability of metal complexes, wherein high-temperature fluids mobilized REEs while promoting the destabilization and precipitation of Cu. A robust geochemical footprint was also identified, in which W, Bi, Tl, Zr, and Hf strongly correlate with Cu (R² &gt; 0.56). These elements, combined with the distinct REE depletion pattern, serve as effective vectoring indicators for targeting concealed orebodies. These findings in this study establish a comprehensive element-mobility framework that elucidates metal enrichment mechanisms in the propylitic zone and provides a practical geochemical toolkit for exploration in the Tongshan porphyry Cu deposit and analogous porphyry systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 107076"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemical fingerprints of ore-forming fluids in skarn copper systems: Implications for evaluating mineralization mechanisms and potential","authors":"Xin Zhang ,&nbsp;Pei Ni ,&nbsp;Guo-Guang Wang ,&nbsp;Jun-Ying Ding ,&nbsp;Jun-Yi Pan ,&nbsp;Jian-Ming Cui ,&nbsp;Yao-Hui Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.107099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.107099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Tongshan skarn copper deposit is situated in the North Wuyi area of South China.</div><div>Three distinct paragenetic stages have been identified: the pre-mineralization prograde stage, the <em>syn</em>-mineralization retrograde stage, and the post-mineralization carbonate stage. This study systematically conducted fluid inclusion petrography on gangue minerals from different stages, identifying three typical types of fluid inclusions: brine inclusions, vapor-rich inclusions, and liquid-rich inclusions. These inclusions were subsequently subjected to detailed microthermometry and LA-ICP-MS composition analysis. The analytical results show that in the pre-mineralization stage, garnet-hosted brine inclusions and vapor-rich inclusions exhibit homogenization temperatures of 455–529 °C and 470–535 °C, with salinities of 30.5–35.2 wt% NaCl equiv. and 1.74–3.06 wt% NaCl equiv., respectively. Liquid-rich inclusions in <em>syn</em>-mineralization stage quartz have homogenization temperatures of 290–400 °C and salinities of 0.88–9.21 wt% NaCl equiv. In the post-mineralization stage, calcite-hosted liquid-rich inclusions show homogenization temperatures of 122–221 °C and salinities of 0.70–4.96 wt% NaCl equiv. The marked decrease in fluid inclusion homogenization temperature and salinity values from the pre-mineralization to <em>syn</em>-mineralization stage suggests the involvement of meteoric water. Additionally, the depletion of major elements such as Rb, Na, and K in the <em>syn</em>-mineralization fluids correlates with the declining temperature, further supporting the notion of meteoric water dilution. These observations indicate that the mixing of magmatic fluids with meteoric water was instrumental in facilitating metal precipitation. Moreover, the elevated Ca/K ratios observed in mineralizing fluids associated with quartz imply substantial interaction between fluids and calcareous rock. In line with this, retrograde alteration assemblages (chlorite ± epidote), formed through fluid–rock interaction, are closely spatially associated with sulfide mineralization. This relationship underscores fluid–rock interaction as another critical mechanism driving metal precipitation. Comparative analysis of the fluid geochemical characteristics in global porphyry-skarn copper systems reveals that mineralized systems have higher Cu/Na ratios and moderate Cs/Na ratios, whereas barren systems exhibit lower Cu/Na ratios and higher Cs/Na ratios. The mineralization potential of these systems may primarily depend on the copper content in the early exsolved fluids from the granitic parental magma. The level of parental magma fractionation appears not to enhance the initial copper endowment in these systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 107099"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The indicative significance of apatite in the Ganfang region for lithium mineralization","authors":"Ke Huang ,&nbsp;Miao Yu ,&nbsp;Chunli Guo ,&nbsp;Xinghua Ma ,&nbsp;JianZhong Niu ,&nbsp;Junxing Zhao ,&nbsp;Fangyang Hu ,&nbsp;Xiaochi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Granite-related Li-Nb-Ta deposits, characterized by extensive albitization within plutons, represent a novel lithium resource. The Ganfang area, one of the important granite-type lithium deposits in South China, features a vertical lithological sequence from top to bottom of stockscheider, albitized granite, and K-feldspar granite. The ore-bearing stratum is dominated by albitized granite. Our study focuses on elucidating the connection between magmatic differentiation, hydrothermal alteration, and lithium mineralization in albitized granites. By analyzing geochemical trends in apatite from stockscheiders, pegmatite veins, and altered granites, we aim to unravel the petrogenetic and metallogenic mechanisms of rare metal lithium. Apatite serves as a geochemical tracer, recording the intensity of fluid alteration processes and their impact on lithium enrichment. The U-Pb dating results (142.2–143.2 Ma and 128.8 Ma) of apatite from the stockscheiders and pegmatite vein show that mineralization in the Ganfang area occurred during the Late Yanshanian period and associated with the melting of the lower crust. Strontium (Sr), (La/Yb) N, and (La/Sm) N can indicate that mineralization in this area is closely associated with fluid activity. Our findings highlight distinct differences in trace element contents of apatite between upper ore-bearing albitized granite and lower barren K-feldspar granite, with specific trace element ratios (e.g., Ge-Ga, Ce/Pb-Th/U, ΣREE + Y-Mn/Fe, and Sr/Y-ΣLREE) serving as indicators of metallogenic potential. The ore-bearing albitized granite exhibits high concentrations of Ga and Ge, with a strong positive correlation between the two elements, this phenomenon may be related to the hydrothermal metasomatism of topaz. In addition, the ore-bearing granite exhibits relatively high Ce/Pb, light rare earth element (LREE), and total rare earth elements plus yttrium (ΣREE + Y) contents. This study indicates that lithium mineralization in the Ganfang area is closely linked to multistage fluid activity in a sealed-system, with a formation process involving the upward dissolution of Na and Li-rich fluids to form stockscheider, and followed by downward migration to replace fresh monzonite granites, forming ore-bearing albitized granite and barren K-feldspar granite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 107105"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Petrogenesis of the Bingzhou rare metal pegmatites, West Kunlun: Implications for regional exploration","authors":"Liang Huang ,&nbsp;He Wang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Jin-Heng Liu ,&nbsp;Hong-Yang Bai ,&nbsp;Kun-Yu Wang ,&nbsp;Song Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhi-Qiang Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.107094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.107094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the petrogenesis and evolution of lithium-rich pegmatites is crucial for regional exploration. The world-class Dahongliutan–Bailongshan orefield hosts seven large to super-large lithium deposits distributed around the Bailongshan granite complex. However, its petrogenesis remains controversial, and most previous studies have focused on the northern deposits (e.g., Dahongliutan, Bailongshan, Xuefengling), with limited attention to the southern deposits. These limitations collectively hinder regional exploration efforts. This study addresses this gap by focusing on the Bingzhou lithium deposit, located on the southern side of the Bailongshan granite complex. Geochronology, REE geochemistry, and in-situ Nd isotopic analyses of monazite, along with the geochronology of columbite–tantalite group minerals, were conducted to constrain the emplacement ages, material sources, and genetic relationships between the granites and pegmatites. This study aims to utilize these findings to guide regional exploration. U–(Th)–Pb dating of monazite and columbite-tantalite group minerals constrains the emplacement ages to ca. 212.7 Ma for the two-mica granites, ca. 206.1–205.4 Ma for the spodumene-absent pegmatites, and ca. 207.2–206.7 Ma for the spodumene-bearing pegmatites. The close temporal relationship between the two-mica granites and pegmatites, as well as their spatial proximity observed in the field, suggests a genetic link between the two-mica granites and pegmatites. The εNd(t) values of monazite from the two-mica granite, spodumene-absent pegmatite, and spodumene-bearing pegmatite are similar (–10.0 to –8.0) and are consistent with the whole-rock εNd(t) values of Triassic Bayanharshan Group metapelites (–11.5 to –7.1). These characteristics indicate that metapelites are the source rocks of the two-mica granites, while the pegmatites represent the products of fractional crystallization of the two-mica granitic magma. The systematic variations in the Sm/Nd ratio and Eu anomaly coefficient in monazite, along with their strong positive correlation with lithium content, further suggest that fractional crystallization is the key process in the formation of rare metal pegmatites. The Bingzhou deposit shares similar metallogenic ages, material sources, and petrogenetic characteristics with its northern counterparts, reinforcing the exploration potential of the southern orefield.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 107094"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mafic magma injection as a driver for the formation of Au-rich porphyry–hydrothermal systems in thickened crustal setting","authors":"Chen-Hao Luo ,&nbsp;Rui Wang ,&nbsp;Haijun Yu ,&nbsp;Anlin Liu ,&nbsp;Ruoyu Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gold-rich mineralization in porphyry systems, including porphyry-type and related hydrothermal deposits, generally requires Au-enriched magmas, followed by efficient hydrothermal extraction and precipitation. While moderately oxidized magmas with delayed sulfide saturation are typically favorable in thin-crust settings, the Yao’an Au–polymetallic deposit, associated with Cenozoic alkaline magmatism at the western margin of the Yangtze Craton, represents a distinctive exception. The orebody morphology and alteration zoning suggest mineralization of this deposit is characteristic of a hydrothermal vein-type rather than a typical porphyry system. Geochemical evidence from this study shows that the felsic porphyries in the deposit underwent early sulfide saturation, while Fe isotope and zircon oxybarometry results indicate that they were characterized by high oxidation states (δ⁵⁶Fe = 0.14–0.59 ‰; ΔFMQ + 2.89 to +3.41). Such conditions were unfavorable for Au enrichment, consistent with the low and stable Au contents (3.11–4.61 ppb) in the peripheral intrusions. Exsolved fluids from these magmas produced specularite-dominated orebodies but likely hindered effective chalcophile metal retention. Thus, this magmatic–hydrothermal stage was unlikely to solely form an economic deposit. Instead, the subsequent emplacement of mafic ultrapotassic dikes likely played an important role in facilitating further Au enrichment. Mineralogical and geochemical evidence indicates they became sulfide-saturated and host elevated Au (up to 64.1 ppb). They also display light Fe isotope signatures (δ⁵⁶Fe = 0.05–0.07 ‰), implying a relatively low oxidation state. We propose that these mafic magmas intruded into oxidized felsic porphyries, triggering sulfide breakdown, metal remobilization, and promoting further Au concentration in the orebodies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 107106"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}